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Detection and Analysis of Land Cover Dynamics in Moist Tropical Rainforest of South Cameroon

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Detection and Analysis of Land Cover Dynamics in Moist Tropical Rainforest of South Cameroon Detection and Analysis of Land cover Dynamics in Moist Tropical Rainforest of South Cameroon Gideon Neba Shu March 2003 Detection and Analysis of Land Cover Dynamics in Moist Tropical Rainforest of South Cameroon Gideon Neba Shu Thesis submitted to the International Institute for Geo-information Science and Earth Observation in partial fulfilment of the requirements for the degree of Master of Science in Geo-information Science and Earth Observation, Rural Land Ecology. Degree Assessment Board Chairman: Dr. A.K. Skidmore, NRS Department, ITC External Examiner: Dr. W.F. de Boer, WAU, Wageningen Internal Examiner: Ms. IR. E.M.C. Groenendijk, NRS Department, ITC Primary Supervisor: Dr. A.G. Toxopeus, (NRS Department, ITC Secondary Supervisor: Drs. J. Looijen, NRS Department, ITC March 2003 INTERNATIONAL INSTITUTE FOR GEO-INFORMATION SCIENCE AND EARTH OBSERVATION ENSCHEDE, THE NETHERLANDS II Disclaimer This document describes work undertaken as part of a programme of study at the International Institute for Geo-information Science and Earth Observation. All views and opinions expressed therein remain the sole responsibility of the author, and do not necessarily represent those of the institute. III To my parents: Margaret and Julius Shu Ngongnjoh. IV Table of contents List of tables .........................................................................................................................................vii List of figures ......................................................................................................................................viii Acronyms............................................................................................................................................... ix Abstract .................................................................................................................................................. x Acknowledgments................................................................................................................................. xi 1 Introduction ................................................................................................................................... 1 1.1 Background.............................................................................................................................. 1 1.2 Research Problem.................................................................................................................... 3 1.3 Specific research objectives ....................................................................................................5 1.4 Research questions: ................................................................................................................. 5 1.5 Hypotheses: ............................................................................................................................. 6 2 Study area....................................................................................................................................... 7 2.1 Location................................................................................................................................... 7 2.2 Geology and soils .................................................................................................................... 7 2.3 Climate..................................................................................................................................... 8 2.4 Hydrography............................................................................................................................ 8 2.5 Vegetation................................................................................................................................ 9 2.6 Fauna ....................................................................................................................................... 9 2.7 Population................................................................................................................................ 9 2.8 Infrastructure ......................................................................................................................... 10 2.9 Economic activities and Tourism .......................................................................................... 10 3 Materials and Methods ............................................................................................................... 11 3.1 Land cover mapping ..............................................................................................................11 3.1.1 Satellite image processing and classification ............................................................... 11 3.1.2 Field sampling design.................................................................................................... 12 3.1.3 Description of Land cover classes................................................................................. 13 3.1.4 Post classification.......................................................................................................... 14 3.2 Land cover change detection, qualification and quantification............................................. 15 3.3 Statistical analysis and spatial modeling............................................................................... 17 3.3.1 Generation of independent variables ............................................................................ 18 3.3.2 Generation of dependent variables ............................................................................... 19 3.3.3 Statistical method .......................................................................................................... 19 3.3.4 Testing for Collinearity of independent variables......................................................... 21 3.4 Prediction and mapping of spatial probability distribution of land cover dynamics............. 22 3.5 Quantitative assessment and mapping of future risk zones................................................... 22 3.6 Validation of spatial probability models ............................................................................... 23 V 3.7 Materials................................................................................................................................ 25 3.8 Software................................................................................................................................. 25 4 Results........................................................................................................................................... 26 4.1 Land cover mapping ..............................................................................................................26 4.2 Accuracy assessment .............................................................................................................28 4.3 Land cover change detection qualification and quantification.............................................. 28 4.4 The relationship between biophysical and human factors and land cover dynamics............ 30 4.5 Mapping predicted probability surface of land cover dynamics 1991-2001........................ 31 4.6 Validation of spatial models.................................................................................................. 34 4.7 Areas at risk of land cover change in the future.................................................................... 34 5 Discussion ..................................................................................................................................... 37 5.1 Land cover mapping ..............................................................................................................37 5.2 Land cover dynamics.............................................................................................................38 5.3 Land cover dynamics and biophysical factors....................................................................... 39 5.4 Spatial prediction of land cover dynamics ............................................................................ 41 6 Conclusion and recommendation............................................................................................... 42 6.1 Conclusion............................................................................................................................. 42 6.2 Recommendation ................................................................................................................... 43 References: ........................................................................................................................................... 44 Appendix............................................................................................................................................... 46 VI List of tables Table 1: The distribution of sample plots in the different land cover classes....................................... 13 Table 2: Biophysical variables and techniques used in their derivation ............................................... 18 Table 3: Variables used in logistic models............................................................................................ 21 Table 4: Pair wise correlation of significant independent variables ..................................................... 22 Table 5: Secondary data used in the research........................................................................................ 25 Table 6 : Softwares used in the research..............................................................................................
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