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Evolution of Unusual Morphologies in Lentibulariaceae (Bladderworts and Allies) And
Annals of Botany 117: 811–832, 2016 doi:10.1093/aob/mcv172, available online at www.aob.oxfordjournals.org REVIEW: PART OF A SPECIAL ISSUE ON DEVELOPMENTAL ROBUSTNESS AND SPECIES DIVERSITY Evolution of unusual morphologies in Lentibulariaceae (bladderworts and allies) and Podostemaceae (river-weeds): a pictorial report at the interface of developmental biology and morphological diversification Rolf Rutishauser* Institute of Systematic Botany, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland * For correspondence. E-mail [email protected] Received: 30 July 2015 Returned for revision: 19 August 2015 Accepted: 25 September 2015 Published electronically: 20 November 2015 Background Various groups of flowering plants reveal profound (‘saltational’) changes of their bauplans (archi- tectural rules) as compared with related taxa. These plants are known as morphological misfits that appear as rather Downloaded from large morphological deviations from the norm. Some of them emerged as morphological key innovations (perhaps ‘hopeful monsters’) that gave rise to new evolutionary lines of organisms, based on (major) genetic changes. Scope This pictorial report places emphasis on released bauplans as typical for bladderworts (Utricularia,approx. 230 secies, Lentibulariaceae) and river-weeds (Podostemaceae, three subfamilies, approx. 54 genera, approx. 310 species). Bladderworts (Utricularia) are carnivorous, possessing sucking traps. They live as submerged aquatics (except for their flowers), as humid terrestrials or as epiphytes. Most Podostemaceae are restricted to rocks in tropi- http://aob.oxfordjournals.org/ cal river-rapids and waterfalls. They survive as submerged haptophytes in these extreme habitats during the rainy season, emerging with their flowers afterwards. The recent scientific progress in developmental biology and evolu- tionary history of both Lentibulariaceae and Podostemaceae is summarized. -
The Terrestrial Carnivorous Plant Utricularia Reniformis Sheds Light on Environmental and Life-Form Genome Plasticity
International Journal of Molecular Sciences Article The Terrestrial Carnivorous Plant Utricularia reniformis Sheds Light on Environmental and Life-Form Genome Plasticity Saura R. Silva 1 , Ana Paula Moraes 2 , Helen A. Penha 1, Maria H. M. Julião 1, Douglas S. Domingues 3, Todd P. Michael 4 , Vitor F. O. Miranda 5,* and Alessandro M. Varani 1,* 1 Departamento de Tecnologia, Faculdade de Ciências Agrárias e Veterinárias, UNESP—Universidade Estadual Paulista, Jaboticabal 14884-900, Brazil; [email protected] (S.R.S.); [email protected] (H.A.P.); [email protected] (M.H.M.J.) 2 Centro de Ciências Naturais e Humanas, Universidade Federal do ABC, São Bernardo do Campo 09606-070, Brazil; [email protected] 3 Departamento de Botânica, Instituto de Biociências, UNESP—Universidade Estadual Paulista, Rio Claro 13506-900, Brazil; [email protected] 4 J. Craig Venter Institute, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA; [email protected] 5 Departamento de Biologia Aplicada à Agropecuária, Faculdade de Ciências Agrárias e Veterinárias, UNESP—Universidade Estadual Paulista, Jaboticabal 14884-900, Brazil * Correspondence: [email protected] (V.F.O.M.); [email protected] (A.M.V.) Received: 23 October 2019; Accepted: 15 December 2019; Published: 18 December 2019 Abstract: Utricularia belongs to Lentibulariaceae, a widespread family of carnivorous plants that possess ultra-small and highly dynamic nuclear genomes. It has been shown that the Lentibulariaceae genomes have been shaped by transposable elements expansion and loss, and multiple rounds of whole-genome duplications (WGD), making the family a platform for evolutionary and comparative genomics studies. To explore the evolution of Utricularia, we estimated the chromosome number and genome size, as well as sequenced the terrestrial bladderwort Utricularia reniformis (2n = 40, 1C = 317.1-Mpb). -
Hunters Or Farmers? Microbiome Characteristics Help Elucidate the Diet Composition in an Aquatic Carnivorous Plant
Sirová et al. Microbiome (2018) 6:225 https://doi.org/10.1186/s40168-018-0600-7 RESEARCH Open Access Hunters or farmers? Microbiome characteristics help elucidate the diet composition in an aquatic carnivorous plant Dagmara Sirová1,2*† ,Jiří Bárta2†, Karel Šimek1,2, Thomas Posch3,Jiří Pech2, James Stone4,5, Jakub Borovec1, Lubomír Adamec6 and Jaroslav Vrba1,2 Abstract Background: Utricularia are rootless aquatic carnivorous plants which have recently attracted the attention of researchers due to the peculiarities of their miniaturized genomes. Here, we focus on a novel aspect of Utricularia ecophysiology—the interactions with and within the complex communities of microorganisms colonizing their traps and external surfaces. Results: Bacteria, fungi, algae, and protozoa inhabit the miniature ecosystem of the Utricularia trap lumen and are involved in the regeneration of nutrients from complex organic matter. By combining molecular methods, microscopy, and other approaches to assess the trap-associated microbial community structure, diversity, function, as well as the nutrient turn-over potential of bacterivory, we gained insight into the nutrient acquisition strategies of the Utricularia hosts. Conclusions: We conclude that Utricularia traps can, in terms of their ecophysiological function, be compared to microbial cultivators or farms, which center around complex microbial consortia acting synergistically to convert complex organic matter, often of algal origin, into a source of utilizable nutrients for the plants. Keywords: Algae, Bacteria, Ciliate bacterivory, Digestive mutualism, Fungi, Herbivory, Nutrient turnover, Plant– microbe interactions, Protists, Utricularia traps Background microbial communities clearly play a significant role in Plant-associated microorganisms have long been plant ecophysiology, but many of the underlying mech- recognized as key partners in enhancing plant nutrient anisms governing these looser associations still remain acquisition, mitigating plant stress, promoting growth, unexplored [2]. -
Floristic Composition of a Neotropical Inselberg from Espírito Santo State, Brazil: an Important Area for Conservation
13 1 2043 the journal of biodiversity data 11 February 2017 Check List LISTS OF SPECIES Check List 13(1): 2043, 11 February 2017 doi: https://doi.org/10.15560/13.1.2043 ISSN 1809-127X © 2017 Check List and Authors Floristic composition of a Neotropical inselberg from Espírito Santo state, Brazil: an important area for conservation Dayvid Rodrigues Couto1, 6, Talitha Mayumi Francisco2, Vitor da Cunha Manhães1, Henrique Machado Dias4 & Miriam Cristina Alvarez Pereira5 1 Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Museu Nacional, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Botânica, Quinta da Boa Vista, CEP 20940-040, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil 2 Universidade Estadual do Norte Fluminense Darcy Ribeiro, Laboratório de Ciências Ambientais, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ecologia e Recursos Naturais, Av. Alberto Lamego, 2000, CEP 29013-600, Campos dos Goytacazes, RJ, Brazil 4 Universidade Federal do Espírito Santo (CCA/UFES), Centro de Ciências Agrárias, Departamento de Ciências Florestais e da Madeira, Av. Governador Lindemberg, 316, CEP 28550-000, Jerônimo Monteiro, ES, Brazil 5 Universidade Federal do Espírito Santo (CCA/UFES), Centro de Ciências Agrárias, Alto Guararema, s/no, CEP 29500-000, Alegre, ES, Brazil 6 Corresponding author. E-mail: [email protected] Abstract: Our study on granitic and gneissic rock outcrops environmental filters (e.g., total or partial absence of soil, on Pedra dos Pontões in Espírito Santo state contributes to low water retention, nutrient scarcity, difficulty in affixing the knowledge of the vascular flora of inselbergs in south- roots, exposure to wind and heat) that allow these areas eastern Brazil. We registered 211 species distributed among to support a highly specialized flora with sometimes high 51 families and 130 genera. -
Brief Information About the Species Status of Utricularia Cornigera Studnicˇka
Technical Refereed Contribution Brief information about the species status of Utricularia cornigera Studnicˇka Miloslav studnicˇka • Liberec Botanic Gardens • Purkynˇova 630/1 • CZ-460 01 Liberec • Czech Republic • [email protected] Keywords: Utricularia cornigera, hybrid, heterosis, apomixis Abstract: The carnivorous plant Utricularia cornigera Studnicˇka was described in 2009, but author- ities of the International Carnivorous Plant Society published an opinion that it is not a true species, but only a natural hybrid of U. reniformis and U. nelumbifolia. The role of heterosis is discussed, because U. cornigera is much larger than both theoretical parents. Seedlings, the very characteristic feature of bladderworts (Utricularia), are different in all the bladderworts described, that is, in the named species and in artificial hybrids of U. nelumbifolia and U. reniformis. No support for the hypothesis supposing a hybrid origin of U. cornigera was found. Introduction Recently a hypothesis appeared that Utricularia cornigera Studnicˇ ka could be a hybrid of U. nelum- bifolia Gardn. × U. reniformis St.Hil. (Schlauer 2011; Fleischmann 2012). Consequentially, the new species was rejected from the Carnivorous Plant Database (Schlauer 2011). Nevertheless it was accepted in the International Plant Name Index (IPNI 2005). This article presents the results of new experiments with artificial crossings of both theoretical parents proposed by the authors. The manner of germination and specifically the appearance of the seedlings are crucial phenomena in the life strategy of bladderworts. In the Utricularia species from the section Iperua there are two different ways of germination: either by floating seedlings (e.g. U. cornigera, U. nelumbifolia), or by terrestrial seedlings (e.g. -
Building Capacity for Plant Conservation – the Role of Botanic Gardens Volume 10 • Number 1 EDITORIAL SARA OLDFIELD 02
Journal of Botanic Gardens Conservation International Volume 10 • Number 1 • January 2013 Building capacity for plant conservation – the role of botanic gardens Volume 10 • Number 1 EDITORIAL SARA OLDFIELD 02 EDITORS 21 03 BUILDING CAPACITY THROUGH TEACHING ESSENTIAL SKILLS Suzanne Sharrock Sara Oldfield THE ROLE OF BOTANIC GARDENS IN LAURA COHEN AND LEIGH MORRIS Director of Global Secretary General Programmes BUILDING CAPACITY FOR PLANT Cover Photo : Reintroduction of “pata de elefante” CONSERVATION MARIANA CHAVEZ Beaucarnea gracilis in Cuicatlán, Oaxaca, México. A collaborative project between the Botanical Garden and AND SUZANNE SHARROCK the local people (Archive of the Jardín Botanico of the Universidad Nacional Autonoma de Mexico) Design : Seascape www.seascapedesign.co.uk BGjournal is published by Botanic Gardens Conservation International (BGCI) . It is published twice a year and is sent to all BGCI members. Membership is open to all interested individuals, institutions and organisations that support the aims of BGCI (see inside back cover for Membership application form). 08 25 Further details available from: THE UNIVERSITY OF WASHINGTON • Botanic Gardens Conservation International, Descanso BOTANIC GARDEN AND RESTORATION BUILDING CAPACITY AND FACILITATING House, 199 Kew Road, Richmond, Surrey TW9 3BW UK. Tel: +44 (0)20 8332 5953, Fax: +44 (0)20 8332 5956 ECOLOGY KERN EWING AND NETWORKS FOR PLANT E-mail: [email protected], www.bgci.org SARAH REICHARD CONSERVATION: KEW’S ON-GOING • BGCI-Russia, c/o Main Botanical Gardens, COMMITMENT -
Floral Micromorphology and Nectar Composition of the Early Evolutionary Lineage Utricularia (Subgenus Polypompholyx, Lentibulariaceae)
Protoplasma https://doi.org/10.1007/s00709-019-01401-2 ORIGINAL ARTICLE Floral micromorphology and nectar composition of the early evolutionary lineage Utricularia (subgenus Polypompholyx, Lentibulariaceae) Bartosz J. Płachno1 & Małgorzata Stpiczyńska 2 & Piotr Świątek3 & Hans Lambers4 & Gregory R. Cawthray4 & Francis J. Nge5 & Saura R. Silva6 & Vitor F. O. Miranda6 Received: 1 April 2019 /Accepted: 4 June 2019 # The Author(s) 2019 Abstract Utricularia (Lentibulariaceae) is a genus comprising around 240 species of herbaceous, carnivorous plants. Utricularia is usually viewed as an insect-pollinated genus, with the exception of a few bird-pollinated species. The bladderworts Utricularia multifida and U. tenella are interesting species because they represent an early evolutionary Utricularia branch and have some unusual morphological characters in their traps and calyx. Thus, our aims were to (i) determine whether the nectar sugar concentrations andcompositioninU. multifida and U. tenella are similar to those of other Utricularia species from the subgenera Polypompholyx and Utricularia, (ii) compare the nectary structure of U. multifida and U. tenella with those of other Utricularia species, and (iii) determine whether U. multifida and U. tenella use some of their floral trichomes as an alternative food reward for pollinators. We used light microscopy, histochemistry, and scanning and transmission electron microscopy to address those aims. The concentration and composition of nectar sugars were analysed using high-performance liquid chroma- tography. In all of the examined species, the floral nectary consisted of a spur bearing glandular trichomes. The spur produced and stored the nectar. We detected hexose-dominated (fructose + glucose) nectar in U. multifida and U. tenella as well as in U. -
JOURNAL of JOURNAL of BOTANY Surprising Phenomena in the Life
Thaiszia - J. Bot., Košice, 21: 37-43, 2011 THAISZIA http://www.bz.upjs.sk/thaiszia JOURNAL OF BOTANY Surprising phenomena in the life strategy of Utricularia cornigera in Brazil MILOSLAV STUDNI ČKA Botanic Gardens Liberec, Purkynova 630/1, CZ-460 01 Liberec; [email protected] Studni čka M. (2011): Surprising phenomena in the life strategy of Utricularia cornigera in Brazil. – Thaiszia – J. Bot. 21: 37-43. – ISSN 1210-0420. Abstract: The symbiotic relationships of the carnivorous plant Utricularia cornigera Studni čka are documented and discussed, paying attention to the morphology of its seedlings. The life strategy of this bladderwort is rather different in subalpine plant communities and in alpine communities according to research in Serra dos Orgãos in SE Brazil. The life strategy of Utricularia reniformis is compared according to observations made in similar habitats in Serra da Mantiqueira. Keywords: symbiosis, life strategy, Utricularia , Eryngium , Vriesea . Introduction Only three of the numerous non-aquatic (technically emerged) bladderworts have star-shaped seedlings which function as floats. These South American species are known as plants growing obligatorily ( Utricularia nelumbifolia Gardn.) or occasionally ( U. cornigera Studni čka and U. humboldtii Rob. Schomb.) within phytotelmata in the leaf axils of certain petrophilous bromeliads (TAYLOR 1989). In a previous paper I clarified that U. cornigera had been mistaken for U. reniformis A.St.-Hil. (STUDNI ČKA 2009). These species are different, amongst other things in their absolutely distinct seedlings: The true U. reniformis never has star-shaped floating seedlings. From this we can assume that only U. cornigera , U. humboldtii and U. nelumbifolia are capable of germinating within phytotelmata, while U. -
Tissue Culture Applied to Carnivorous Species
Scientia Agraria Paranaensis – Sci. Agrar. Parana. ISSN: 1983-1471 – Online DOI: https://doi.org/10.18188/sap.v19i4.22193 TISSUE CULTURE APPLIED TO CARNIVOROUS SPECIES Mariana Maestracci Macedo Caldeira1, José Victor Maurício de Jesus1, Hemelyn Soares Magalhães1, Maria Antônia Santos de Carvalho1, Monielly Soares Andrade1, Claudineia Ferreira Nunes1* SAP 22193 Received: 17/04/2019 Accepted: 02/05/2020 Sci. Agrar. Parana., Marechal Cândido Rondon, v. 19, n. 4, oct./dec., p. 312-320, 2020 ABSTRACT - The purpose of the review is to comment on available data on the application of plant tissue culture to carnivorous plants. Thus, the review encompassed publications from 1979 to 2017 along in vitro germination studies and micropropagation techniques, such as somatic embryogenesis and organogenesis, which emphasized the responses of plant materials to the stimuli offered during in vitro culture. Tissue culture in carnivorous plants is presented as a tool to promote the increase of the population of these plants either for scientific and commercial purposes or for the conservation and reintroduction in their natural habitat, in order to ensure a sustainable exploitation of this nutritional pattern of plants. In general terms, the studies carried out were limited to the following aspects: cultivation technique, explant source, exogenously applied substances and culture medium. The review also revealed the absence of defined protocols for in vitro multiplication of large-scale carnivorous plants. Keywords: biotechnology, in vitro cultivation, insectivorous plants, micropropagation. CULTURA DE TECIDOS APLICADA A ESPÉCIES CARNÍVORAS RESUMO - O objetivo da revisão é comentar dados disponíveis sobre a aplicação da cultura de tecidos vegetais para plantas carnívoras. Assim, a revisão englobou publicações de 1979 a 2017 com estudos de germinação in vitro e técnicas de micropropagação, como embriogênese somática e organogênese, os quais enfatizam as respostas dos materiais vegetais aos estímulos oferecidos durante o cultivo in vitro. -
Second Brief Piece of Information About the Species Status of Utricularia Cornigera Studnicˇka
Technical Refereed Contribution Second brief piece of information about the species status of Utricularia cornigera Studnicˇka Miloslav Studnicˇka • Liberec Botanic Gardens • Purkynˇova 630/1 • CZ-460 01 • Liberec • Czech Republic • [email protected] Keywords: Utricularia cornigera, bladderwort, hybrids, bladders, traps. Abstract: Hybrids of Utricularia nelumbifolia × U. reniformis (and vice versa) were raised, and the bladders of adult individuals taken out of the soil were observed. With their long antennae they re- semble their parents, yet they differ noticeably from the identically situated bladders of U. cornigera that has characteristic short antennae. Therefore, the morphology of the bladders does not support the hypothesis of a hybrid origin of U. cornigera. Introduction The seedlings from the artificial cross-breeding of Utricularia reniformis × U. nelumbifolia (and vice versa) documented in CPN 2 years ago (Studnicˇka 2013) have become adult plants, and thus it was possible to document the traps of the hybrids. In this study, a comparison is made with both the parental species and with U. cornigera, for it is a species related to both cross-bred species. The species U. cornigera and U. reniformis are similar to each other with their kidney-shaped leaves. The species U. cornigera and U. nelumbifolia have symbiotic relationships to host rosette-forming plants (Studnicˇka 2011). All the three species are endemic to south-eastern Brazil. Material and Methods The hybrids described in the previous brief information (Studnicˇka 2013) were investigated. These plants have been raised and continue to be kept in the Liberec Botanic Garden. Stolons with bladders were removed from the soil and placed into a small bowl with water. -
The Discovery of Drosera Magnifica, the “Facebook Sundew”
Deep in the web, up in the hills: the discovery of Drosera magnifica, the “Facebook sundew” Paulo Minatel Gonella • Lab. Sistemática Vegetal • Instituto de Biociências • Universidade de São Paulo • Brazil • [email protected] Social media are part of the daily life in the modern society: we follow the news on Twitter, share funny gifs on Tumblr, post selfies on Facebook, spread scientific papers on ResearchGate, and share experiences and trade plants in the discussion forums. Among all possible connections achieved by the social media, one that has always captivated me is the bridge they created to connect professional biologists to “citizen scientists”. From the age of the forums to Facebook, I’ve been fol- lowing with keen interest posts with photos of carnivorous plants in their natural habitats in Brazil and abroad, and many new regional records were found that way, and even species discoveries and re-discoveries. The long-lost Drosera ascendens A.St.-Hil. was rediscovered thanks to social media, as it was the discovery of the peculiar D. chimaera Gonella & Rivadavia. Both findings were made possible thanks to photos posted by the carnivorous plant enthusiast Adilson Peres in the Brazilian carnivo- rous plant forum back in 2010. His photos and the information he provided on the location of his encounters enabled us to collect and study these plants, and finally solve the taxonomy of the group (see Gonella et al. 2014). Cases of discoveries of new species thanks to social media are not restrict- ed to carnivorous plants, though. The enormous palm Tahina spectabilis J.Dransf. -
A New Species of Utricularia Sect. Orchidioides (Lentibulariaceae) from the Amotape-Huancabamba Zone of Northern Peru
DARWINIANA, nueva serie 9(2): 299-311. 2021 Versión de registro, efectivamente publicada el 27 de agosto de 2021 DOI: 10.14522/darwiniana.2021.92.955 ISSN 0011-6793 impresa - ISSN 1850-1699 en línea A NEW SPECIES OF UTRICULARIA SECT. ORCHIDIOIDES (LENTIBULARIACEAE) FROM THE AMOTAPE-HUANCABAMBA ZONE OF NORTHERN PERU Tilo Henning1 ID , Joshua P. Allen2 ID & Eric F. Rodríguez Rodríguez3 ID 1 Leibniz Centre for Agricultural Landscape Research (ZALF), Eberswalder Str. 84, 15374, Müncheberg, Germany; [email protected] (author for correspondence). 2 Comunidad Campesina Maska S/N, Pisac, Peru. 3 Herbarium Truxillense (HUT), Universidad Nacional de Trujillo, Jr. San Martín 392, Trujillo, Peru. Abstract. Henning, T.; J. P. Allen & E. F. Rodríguez Rodríguez. 2021. A new species of Utricularia Sect. Orchidioides (Lentibulariaceae) from the Amotape-Huancabamba Zone of North Peru. Darwiniana, nueva serie 9(2): 299-311. A new species of Utricularia Section Orchidioides: Utricularia amotape-huancabambensis sp. nov. (Lentibulariaceae), endemic to Northern Peru is described and illustrated. It is known from two populations so far, both located in the Province Bongará, Dpto. Amazonas at ca. 2200 m altitude. The new species inhabits the páramo of the low white sandstone plateaus, an extension of the southern branches of the Condor mountain range in the southeastern part of the Amotape-Huancabamba phytogeographic zone. A diagnosis, description, etymology and an identification key covering the Andean and selected similar species of the section are presented. The distribution, habitat, ecology, associated flora, preliminary conservation status, an observed hybridization with sympatric U. unifolia and the affinities of the new species with other related taxa are discussed.