What Is Thermoelectric Cooling? Thermoelectric Cooling Uses a Solid State Device That Acts As a Heat Pump to Move Heat from One Side of the Device to the Other

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

What is thermoelectric cooling? Thermoelectric cooling uses a solid state device that acts as a heat pump to move heat from one side of the device to the other. The device is commonly referred to as a thermo electric cooler (TEC) and is made up of numerous pairs of semiconductors enclosed by ceramic wafers on the top and bottom. When applying DC power to the TEC, one side will get cold and the other will get hot. This effect is known as the Peltier Effect and was discovered by French Physicist Jean Peltier in 1834. TECs can also be used as DC power generators by applying heat to one side while cooling the other side. TECs are very small, light weight and rugged compared to a traditional compressor refrigeration system. TECs come in a variety of sizes. Shown here is a size that would be suitable for using in a water cooler. The tiny cubes are two types of semiconductors that are mounted as pairs. The two types are referred to as “N” and “P” . The top layer of ceramic has been removed so that the semi-conductors can be seen. When the DC power is supplied, the Cold side absorbs heat and moves it to the Hot side. The hot Side is cooled by a heat sink and fan. Surprising Uses for TECs Curiosity (2012) Voyager 2 (1977) Used in submarines for quiet A/C Plutonium Reactor used as a heat source to heat TE chips for power generation in space—used by NASA on Apollo, Pioneer, Viking, Voyager, Galileo, Cassini and Curiosity Oil burning More powerful and more lamp powering a efficient TECs available and an radio using a TE influx of products come to generator (1948) consumers Cooled/Heated Cooling and Power Generation car seats Westinghouse, GE Bell, Universities and National Laboratories focused time and resources on TE What’s in a thermo-electric water cooler? Water Container Benefits: . ZERO Ozone Depletion & ZERO Global Warming impact . Commercial capacity chilling without a compressor . Simplified Assembly and Service—No certifications needed . Rugged—no refrigerant leaks . No gas/flammable gas – No and specialized equipment . 25% lighter than compressor systems—reduces transport costs and damage claims . Easy disposal, no EPA Standards . Unlimited design flexibility .

Copy Link

Recommended publications

Avionics Thermal Management of Airborne Electronic Equipment, 50 Years Later
FALL 2017 electronics-cooling.com THERMAL LIVE 2017 TECHNICAL PROGRAM Avionics Thermal Management of Advances in Vapor Compression Airborne Electronic Electronics Cooling Equipment, 50 Years Later Thermal Management Considerations in High Power Coaxial Attenuators and Terminations Thermal Management of Onboard Charger in E-Vehicles Reliability of Nano-sintered Silver Die Attach Materials ESTIMATING INTERNAL AIR ThermalRESEARCH Energy Harvesting ROUNDUP: with COOLING TEMPERATURE OCTOBERNext Generation 2017 CoolingEDITION for REDUCTION IN A CLOSED BOX Automotive Electronics UTILIZING THERMOELECTRICALLY ENHANCED HEAT REJECTION Application of Metallic TIMs for Harsh Environments and Non-flat Surfaces ONLINE EVENT October 24 - 25, 2017 The Largest Single Thermal Management Event of The Year - Anywhere. Thermal Live™ is a new concept in education and networking in thermal management - a FREE 2-day online event for electronics and mechanical engineers to learn the latest in thermal management techniques and topics. Produced by Electronics Cooling® magazine, and launched in October 2015 for the first time, Thermal Live™ features webinars, roundtables, whitepapers, and videos... and there is no cost to attend. For more information about Technical Programs, Thermal Management Resources, Sponsors & Presenters please visit: thermal.live Presented by CONTENTS www.electronics-cooling.com 2 EDITORIAL PUBLISHED BY In the End, Entropy Always Wins… But Not Yet! ITEM Media 1000 Germantown Pike, F-2 Jean-Jacques (JJ) DeLisle Plymouth Meeting, PA 19462 USA
[Show full text]
Thermoelectric Cooling Devices: Thermodynamic
THERMOELECTRIC COOLING DEVICES: THERMODYNAMIC MODELLING AND THEIR APPLICATION IN ADSORPTION COOLING CYCLES ANUTOSH CHAKRABORTY (B.Sc Eng. (BUET), M.Eng. (NUS)) A THESIS SUBMITTED FOR THE DEGREE OF DOCTOR OF PHILOSOPHY DEPARTMENT OF MECHANICAL ENGINEERING NATIONAL UNIVERSITY OF SINGAPORE 2005 Acknowledgements I am deeply grateful to my supervisor, Professor Ng Kim Choon, for giving me the guidance, insight, encouragement, and independence to pursue a challenging project. His contributions to this work were so integral that they cannot be described in words here. I would like to thank Associate Professor Bidyut Baran Saha of Kyushu University, Japan, for the encouragement and helpful technical advice. I am deeply grateful to Mr. Sai Maung Aye for his assistance in the electro-adsorption chiller experimentation program and Mr. R Sacadeven for kindly assisting in the procurement of equipment, and construction of the constant-volume-variable-pressure (CVVP) experimental test facility. I would like to extend my deepest gratitude to my parents for their complete moral support. Finally, I wish to thank my wife, Dr. Antara Chakraborty and my son Amitosh Chakraborty, for being a constant source of mental support. Last but not least, I wish to express my gratitude for the honor to be co-author with my supervisor in six international peer-reviewed journal papers, three international peer- reviewed conference papers and one patent (US Patent no 6434955). I also thank A* STAR for providing financial assistance to a patent application on the electro- adsorption chiller: a miniaturized cooling cycle design, fabrication and testing results. I extend my appreciation to the National University of Singapore for the research scholarship during the course of candidature, to the Micro-system technology initiative (MSTI) laboratory for giving me full support in the setting up of the test facility.
[Show full text]
A Study & Analysis of Thermoelectric Refrigeration System With
International Research Journal of Engineering and Technology (IRJET) e-ISSN: 2395 -0056 Volume: 04 Issue: 04 | Apr -2017 www.irjet.net p-ISSN: 2395-0072 A STUDY & ANALYSIS OF THERMOELECTRIC REFRIGERATION SYSTEM WITH ENVIRONMENT Ankit Dubey1, Umanand Kumar Singh2, Manish Rathore3 123Dr. APJ Abdul Kalam UIT, Jhabua ---------------------------------------------------------------------***--------------------------------------------------------------------- Abstract - There are various sources which cause ozone layer if released into the atmosphere. Thus, the mechanism depletion out which conventional R&AC systems has a major of ozone layer depletion by the CFC’s and HCFC’s was role. R&AC contributes for about 29.6% of the total ozone identified. In 1985, an ozone hole was observed and this depletion[1]. Ozone in the stratosphere has a beneficial role as provided the proof that ozone layer was depleting. it blocks UV radiation from the sun. Highly energetic UV radiation called UV-C (wavelength 280 nm) is absorbed by the Contribution of conventional r&ac in ozone depletion ozone molecules. UV-B radiation (wavelength 280 – 325 nm) is There are various sources which causes ozone depletion also absorbed. The ozone layer acts as a shield for us from very out which conventional R&AC systems has a major role. harmful UV rays. Exposure to UV rays causes skin cancer, R&AC contributes for about 29.6% of the total ozone damages crops, affects cellular DNA, impairs photosynthesis depletion. This is a considerably large amount which must be and harms ocean life. Observed and projected decreases in reduced in order to protect the ozone layer CFCs and HCFCs ozone have generated worldwide concern leading to adoption used as heat carrier fluids in conventional system deplete of the Montreal Protocol that bans the production of CFCs, ozone layer and increases global warming.
[Show full text]
Thermoelectric Cooler Optimization for Deployment in Electronics Thermal Management
Thermoelectric Cooler Optimization for Deployment in Electronics Thermal Management Thermoelectric coolers (TEC) are solid state When a DC current is applied to a TEC, the TEC refrigeration devices which use DC current to can work as a cooler or heater depending on the generate cooling or heating. Unlike traditional direction of current. When working as a cooler, the vapor-compression refrigeration system, TEC maintains a low temperature at the cold side by thermoelectric cooling has no moving parts and transferring heat from the cold side to the hot side circulating fluid. Its simple structure and small size against the temperature gradient. When working as makes it a good choice for a thermal management a heater, the TEC transfers heat from the hot side device in electronics. However, the low coefficient of the device to the cold side. of performance (COP) of a TEC hampers its wide deployment. For electronics thermal management, a TEC is generally used as cooler to maintain or lower the As illustrated in Figure 1, a typical thermoelectric chip’s junction temperature. Despite poor thermal module is manufactured using two thin ceramic performance, TEC modules can be a good and wafers with a series of P and N doped bismuth- reliable solution for the applications that require telluride semiconductor material sandwiched temperature stability, sub-ambient operating between them. The ceramic wafer on both sides conditions, or devices with a special design to of the module adds rigidity and the necessary accommodate TECs. electrical insulation. This paper discusses an optimization process for using a TEC model to maintain a high-power electronic component’s junction temperature inside an air-cooled chassis at certain level.
[Show full text]
Design and Optimization of a Self-Powered Thermoelectric Car Seat Cooler
Design and Optimization of a Self-powered Thermoelectric Car Seat Cooler Daniel Benjamin Cooke Thesis submitted to the faculty of the Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Master of Science In Mechanical Engineering Zhiting Tian, Chair Scott T. Huxtable, Co-Chair Lei Zuo, Co-Chair May 8, 2018 Blacksburg, Virginia Keywords: Non-dimensional Equations, Solar Thermoelectric Generator, Thermoelectric Cooler Design and Optimization of a Self-powered Thermoelectric Car Seat Cooler Daniel Benjamin Cooke Abstract It is well known that the seats in a parked vehicle become very hot and uncomfortable on warm days. A new self-powered thermoelectric car seat cooler is presented to solve this problem. This study details the design and optimization of such a device. The design relates to the high level layout of the major components and their relation to each other in typical operation. Optimization is achieved through the use of the ideal thermoelectric equations to determine the best compromise between power generation and cooling performance. This design is novel in that the same thermoelectric device is utilized for both power generation and for cooling. The first step is to construct a conceptual layout of the self-powered seat cooler. Using the ideal thermoelectric equations, an analytical model of the system is developed. The model is validated against experimental data and shows good correlation. Through a non-dimensional approach, the geometric sizing of the various components is optimized. With the optimal design found, the performance is evaluated using both the ideal equations and though use of the simulation software ANSYS.
[Show full text]
Review on Thermoelectric Refrigeration: Materials and Technology
International Journal of Current Engineering and Technology E-ISSN 2277 – 4106, P-ISSN 2347 – 5161 ©2016 INPRESSCO®, All Rights Reserved Available at http://inpressco.com/category/ijcet Review Article Review on Thermoelectric Refrigeration: Materials and Technology Meghali Gaikwad†*, Dhanashri Shevade†, Abhijit Kadam† and Bhandwalkar Shubham† †Meghali Gaikwad, Mechanical Engineering, MITCOE. Pune University, India Accepted 02 March 2016, Available online 15 March 2016, Special Issue-4 (March 2016) Abstract Conventional refrigeration systems use Chloro Fluoro Carbons (CFCs) and Hydro Chlorofluorocarbons (HCFCs) as heat carrier fluids. Use of such fluids in conventional refrigeration systems has a great concern of environmental degradation and resulted in extensive research into development of novel Refrigeration and air conditioning technologies. Thermoelectric refrigeration is one of the techniques used for producing refrigeration effect. A brief review about introduction of thermoelectricity, principal of thermoelectric cooling and thermoelectric materials has been presented in this paper. The research and development work carried out by different researchers on development of thermoelectric R&AC system has been thoroughly reviewed in this paper. Keywords: Thermoelectric module, Peltier effect, Figure of Merit, Device Design Parameter, Seebeck coefficient, Coefficient of performance. 1. Introduction Seebeck did not actually comprehend the scientific basis for his discovery, however and falsely assumed 1 Refrigeration is defined as the process of cooling of that flowing heat produced the sameeffect as flowing bodies or fluids to temperatures lower than those electric current. available in the surroundings at a particular time and In 1834, a French watchmaker and part-time place. Thermoelectric refrigeration is one of the physicist, Jean Peltier, while investigating the Seebeck techniques used for producing refrigeration effect.
[Show full text]
A Review on Thermoelectric Generators: Progress and Applications
energies Review A Review on Thermoelectric Generators: Progress and Applications Mohamed Amine Zoui 1,2 , Saïd Bentouba 2 , John G. Stocholm 3 and Mahmoud Bourouis 4,* 1 Laboratory of Energy, Environment and Information Systems (LEESI), University of Adrar, Adrar 01000, Algeria; [email protected] 2 Laboratory of Sustainable Development and Computing (LDDI), University of Adrar, Adrar 01000, Algeria; [email protected] 3 Marvel Thermoelectrics, 11 rue Joachim du Bellay, 78540 Vernouillet, Île de France, France; [email protected] 4 Department of Mechanical Engineering, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Av. Països Catalans No. 26, 43007 Tarragona, Spain * Correspondence: [email protected] Received: 7 June 2020; Accepted: 7 July 2020; Published: 13 July 2020 Abstract: A thermoelectric effect is a physical phenomenon consisting of the direct conversion of heat into electrical energy (Seebeck effect) or inversely from electrical current into heat (Peltier effect) without moving mechanical parts. The low efficiency of thermoelectric devices has limited their applications to certain areas, such as refrigeration, heat recovery, power generation and renewable energy. However, for specific applications like space probes, laboratory equipment and medical applications, where cost and efficiency are not as important as availability, reliability and predictability, thermoelectricity offers noteworthy potential. The challenge of making thermoelectricity a future leader in waste heat recovery and renewable energy is intensified by the integration of nanotechnology. In this review, state-of-the-art thermoelectric generators, applications and recent progress are reported. Fundamental knowledge of the thermoelectric effect, basic laws, and parameters affecting the efficiency of conventional and new thermoelectric materials are discussed. The applications of thermoelectricity are grouped into three main domains.
[Show full text]
Thermal Design Example for ME5390.Pdf
Dr. HoSung Lee 1 Thermal Design Examples Heat Sinks Thermoelectric coolers and generators Heat Pipes Compact Heat Exchangers Solar Cells 2 Heat Sinks 3 Thermoelectric Generators and Coolers Heat Absorbed p n p n-type Semiconductor n n p Positive (+) p n p-type Semiconcuctor p Negative (-) Electrical Conductor (copper) Electrical Insulator (Ceramic) Heat Rejected 4 Thermoelectric Generator 5 Heat Pipes 6 Compact Heat Exchangers 7 Solar Cells 8 Sun-tracking panels 9 10 Solar Thermoelectric Generator (STEG) 11 Solar Thermoelectric Generator 12 Kusatsu Hot-springs TEG System 13 Thermoelectric Modules (old & modern) 1950s 2012 Kerosene lamp and radio 14 15 16 17 Thermoelectric Cooler Module Heat Absorbed p n p n-type Semiconductor n n p Positive (+) p n p-type Semiconcuctor p Negative (-) Electrical Conductor (copper) Electrical Insulator (Ceramic) Heat Rejected System Designers having difficulties •Most of manufacturers do not provide the material properties (Manufacturers’ proprietary information) 18 Thermoelectric Modules 19 Solar Thermoelectric Generator Nature Materials 10, 532-538 (2011) 20 Thermoelectric Heat Exchanger 21 Thermoelectric Heat Exchanger This study investigates the feasibility of integrating thermoelectric devices into a large-capacity liquid heat exchanger (up to 100 kW). Typically, thermal-electrical conversion is inefficient and thermoelectrics are only used in low-power applications (<1 kW). The incentive for using thermoelectrics, however, lies in their compact size, light-weight, high reliability, and sub-ambient cooling. In this study, a subscale thermoelectric heat exchanger is designed (see Fig. 1), fabricated and optimized for performance through testing and simulation. Specifically, direct fluid contact and jet-impingement were used to improve heat transfer at both hot and cold junctions of the thermoelectric.
[Show full text]
Study on a Battery Thermal Management System Based on a Thermoelectric Effect
energies Article Study on a Battery Thermal Management System Based on a Thermoelectric Effect Chuan-Wei Zhang, Ke-Jun Xu *, Lin-Yang Li, Man-Zhi Yang, Huai-Bin Gao and Shang-Rui Chen College of Mechanical Engineering, Xi’an University of Science and Technology, Xi’an 710054, China; [email protected] (C.-W.Z.); [email protected] (L.-Y.L.); [email protected] (M.-Z.Y.); [email protected] (H.-B.G.); [email protected] (S.-R.C.) * Correspondence: [email protected]; Tel.: +86-159-9160-0997 Received: 27 December 2017; Accepted: 16 January 2018; Published: 24 January 2018 Abstract: As is known to all, a battery pack is significantly important for electric vehicles. However, its performance is easily affected by temperature. In order to address this problem, an enhanced battery thermal management system is proposed, which includes two parts: a modified cooling structure and a control unit. In this paper, more attention has been paid to the structure part. According to the heat generation mechanism of a battery and a thermoelectric chip, a simplified heat generation model for a single cell and a special cooling model were created in ANSYS 17.0. The effects of inlet velocity on the performance of different heat exchanger structures were studied. The results show that the U loop structure is more reasonable and the flow field distribution is the most uniform at the inlet velocity of 1.0 m/s. Then, on the basis of the above heat exchanger and the liquid flow velocity, the cooling effect of the improved battery temperature adjustment structure and the traditional liquid temperature regulating structure were analyzed.
[Show full text]
Portable Thermoelectric Refrigerator
Portable Thermoelectric Refrigerator By Cassandra Beck Joshua DiMaggio Ryan Gelinas Zachary Wilson Mechanical Engineering Department California Polytechnic State University San Luis Obispo 2018 STATEMENT OF DISCLAIMER Since this project is a result of a class assignment, it has been graded and accepted as fulfillment of the course requirements. Acceptance does not imply technical accuracy or reliability. Any use of information in this report is done at the risk of the user. These risks may include catastrophic failure of the device or infringement of patent of copyright laws. California Polytechnic State University at San Luis Obispo and its staff cannot be held liable for any use or misuse of the project. Table of Contents ABSTRACT 5 1.0 INTRODUCTION 5 2.0 BACKGROUND 5 2.1 PATENT RESEARCH 9 2.2 TECHNICAL LITERATURE RESEARCH 9 3.0 OBJECTIVES 11 4.0 CONCEPT DESIGN DEVELOPMENT 13 4.1 DESIGN VARIABLES 13 4.2 DECISION MATRIX 15 4.3 THEORETICAL ANALYSIS 16 4.3.1 CORRUGATE 17 4.3.2 PELTIER HEAT TRANSFER 18 4.3.3 INSULATION 18 5.0 FINAL DESIGN 19 5.1 DESCRIPTION AND LAYOUT 19 5.2 CORRUGATION DESIGN 20 5.3 PELTIER DESIGN 22 5.4 INSULATION DESIGN 24 5.5 CONTROL DESIGN 24 5.5.1 CONTROLLER DESIGN 26 5.5.1.1 PID CONTROLLER 26 5.5.1.2 ANTI-WINDUP SCHEME 27 5.5.2 FILTER DESIGN 29 5.5.2.1 DIGITAL FILTER DESIGN 29 5.5.2.2 KALMAN FILTER DESIGN 30 5.5.3 COMPARISON OF RESULTS 32 5.5.4 FINAL DESIGN 33 5.6 COST ANALYSIS 33 5.7 MATERIAL AND SIZE DECISIONS 34 5.8 SAFETY, REPAIRS, AND MAINTENANCE 34 6.0 MANUFACTURING PLAN 34 6.1 CORRUGATED WALLS 35 6.1.1 STEP BY STEP MANUFACTURING 35 6.1.2 AEROGEL CORRUGATE WALL 38 6.1.3 LID 38 6.2 PELTIER/HEATSINK STACK 39 7.0 DESIGN VERIFICATION PLAN 40 7.1 STRENGTH TESTING 40 7.2 PELTIER ARRANGEMENT TESTING 42 7.3 PELTIER HEAT TRANSFER TESTING 47 7.4 INSULATION TESTING 49 7.4.1 Experimentation 49 7.4.1.1 Fabrication 49 7.4.1.2 Experimental Setup 50 7.4.1.3 Experimental Results 52 7.4.2 Results 54 7.4.2.1 Thermal Analysis and Results 54 A detailed sample analysis can be found in Appendix C.
[Show full text]
Cooling Performance of Thermoelectric Cooling (TEC) and Applications: a Review
MATEC Web of Conferences 225, 03021 (2018) https://doi.org/10.1051/matecconf/201822503021 UTP-UMP-VIT SES 2018 Cooling Performance of Thermoelectric Cooling (TEC) and Applications: A review ‘Aqilah Che Sulaiman1, Nasrul Amri Mohd Amin1, *, Mohd Hafif Basha1, Mohd Shukry Abdul Majid1, Nashrul Fazli bin Mohd Nasir1 and Izzuddin Zaman2 1 School of Mechatronic Engineering, Universiti Malaysia Perlis, 02600 Arau, Perlis, Malaysia. 2 Faculty of Mechanical and Manufacturing Engineering, Universiti Tun Hussein Onn Malaysia, Parit Raja, 86400 Batu Pahat, Johor, Malaysia. Abstract. Thermoelectric cooling (TEC) is a new attractive method that is can be used as a temperature controller. Thermoelectric module (TEM) is a device that environmentally friendly utilizing for cooling and heating application such as heat pump and power generation. Therefore, the understanding of relation between electrical conductivity and heat conductivity of the TEC material is essentially to improve the coefficient of performance (COP) efficiency. The figure of merit is addressed by focusing the best material in TEC with different cooling material. The critical finding of TEC for this review paper is the higher the electrical conductivity and the lower thermal conductivity, the maximum the COP. Finally, the possiblity of the TEC application is reviewed according to the advantages of TEC such as high reliability, less maintenance and compact size that commercially found in large range of thermoelectric cooling system. N 1 Introduction Thermoelectric cooling (TEC) is a cooling system used in many application such as medical instrument, factory machine, electronic device and transportation tools. Thermoelectric module (TEM) is developed as an alternative eco-environmentally friendly application for heat pumps and power generator.
[Show full text]
Air Conditioning System in Car Using Thermoelectric Effect
Published by : International Journal of Engineering Research & Technology (IJERT) http://www.ijert.org ISSN: 2278-0181 Vol. 9 Issue 06, June-2020 Air Conditioning System in Car using Thermoelectric Effect Shelar Omkar, Nawle Yogesh, Gawli Gorakhnath, Ghorpade Omkar Department Of Electrical Engineering Trinity College Of Engineering & Research, Pune 411008 Abstract:- According to International Institute of Refrigeration, air conditioning and refrigeration consumes around 15% of the total worldwide electricity and also contributes to the emission of CFCs, HCFCs, CO2 etc.Due to the use of such refrigerants it leads to much harmful effect to our environment i.e. the global warming. For air conditioning use of fuel also increases and all these are affect on the car efficiency. To overcome the problem of emission and fulfill the mismatch between the demand and supply of energy consumption the thermoelectric Air conditioning can be used.This system is not going to be noisy, a there will be no hazardous emission to the environment so the system is totally ecofriendly. As the Peltier module is quite compact in size the design can be easily acquired according to space and need. Keywords: Peltier module, Thermoelectric air conditioner 1. INTRODUCTION A thermoelectric module is an electrical module, which produces a temperature difference with current flow. The emergence of the temperature difference is depending on the Peltier effect designated after Jean Peltier. The thermoelectric module is a heat pump and has similar function as a refrigerator. It gets along however without mechanically small construction units (pump, compressor) and without cooling fluids. The heat flow can be turned by reversal of the direction of current.
[Show full text]