Superplastic Behavior of Friction Stir Processed ZK60 Magnesium Alloy
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On Friction Stir Processing Zone, Tensile Properties and Micro-Hardness of AA5083 Joints Produced by Friction Stir Welding Ravindra S
International Journal of Engineering and Advanced Technology (IJEAT) ISSN: 2249 – 8958, Volume-3, Issue-5, June 2014 Effect of Tool Pin Profile and Welding Parameters on Friction Stir Processing Zone, Tensile Properties and Micro-hardness of AA5083 Joints Produced by Friction Stir Welding Ravindra S. Thube Abstract—AA5083 aluminium alloy has gathered wide Based on friction heating at the faying surfaces of two sheets acceptance in the fabrication of light weight structures requiring to be joined, in the FSW process a tool with a specially a high strength to weight ratio. Compared to the fusion welding designed rotating probe travels down the length of contacting processes that are routinely used for joining structural metal plates, producing a highly plastically deformed zone aluminium alloys, friction stir welding (FSW) process is an through the associated stirring action. The localized thermo emerging solid state joining process in which the material that is being welded does not melt and recast. This process uses a mechanical affected zone is produced by friction between the non-consumable tool to generate frictional heat in the abutting tool shoulder and the plate top surface, as well as plastic surfaces. The welding parameters and tool pin profile play major deformation of the material in contact with the tool [5]. The roles in deciding the weld quality. In this investigation, an probe is typically slightly shorter than the thickness of the attempt has been made to understand the effect of tool speed work-piece and its diameter is typically slight larger than the (rpm) and tool pin profile on Friction Stir Processing (FSP) zone thickness of the work-piece [6]. -
MECHANICAL PROPERTIES of SUPERPLASTIC Al-Zn ALLOYS
MECHANICAL PROPERTIES OF SUPERPLASTIC Al-Zn ALLOYS TEAR THE TRANSITION REGION A THESIS Presented to The Faculty of the Division of Graduate Studies and Research By S. A. Hamid Ghazanfar In Dartial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree Master of Science in Mechanical Engineering Georgia Institute of Technology December, 1973 MECHANICAL PROPERTIES OF SUPERPLASTIC Al-Zn ALLOYS NEAR THE TRANSITION REGION Approved: E. E. Unde rwo o d ,"' Chairman David Ka11sh E. A. Starke Date approved, by Chairman: £®' I dedicate this thesis to my loving father, who has always encouraged me in my efforts to obtain a fine education and bravely endured my absence from his side. ACKNOWLEDGMENTS The author gratefully acknowledges the advice and encouragement he received from Professor Ervin E. Underwood, especially the motivation he provided in moments of stress and anxiety. Special thanks must go to Mr. Tilden Eugene Clopton for technical advice and help in experimental set ups. Mr. A. C. Josey and Mr. George Halstead kindly allowed the author to use the machine shop. The Ball Corporation of Muncie, Indiana, was most generous in providing the Al-Zn eutectoid alloy for the research. The author also appreciates the careful and efficient typing of his thesis by Mrs. Sharon Butler. iii TABLE OF CONTENTS Page ACKNOWLEDGMENTS ii LIST OF TABLES . iv LIST OF ILLUSTRATIONS V LIST OF SYMBOLS vii SUMMARY ix Chapter I. INTRODUCTION 1 II. BACKGROUND 3 III. EXPERIMENTAL PROCEDURES 2 2 A. Material B. Mechanical Testing C. Metallography IV. EXPERIMENTAL RESULTS 31 A. Load-Elongation Curves B. True Stress-True Strain Rate Data C. -
Review on Multi-Pass Friction Stir Processing of Aluminium Alloys
Preprints (www.preprints.org) | NOT PEER-REVIEWED | Posted: 22 July 2020 doi:10.20944/preprints202007.0514.v1 Review Review on Multi-Pass Friction Stir Processing of Aluminium Alloys Oritonda Muribwathoho1, Sipokazi Mabuwa1* and Velaphi Msomi1 1 Cape Peninsula University of Technology, Mechanical Engineering Department, Bellville, 7535, South Africa; [email protected]; [email protected] * Correspondence: [email protected]; Tel.: 27 21 953 8778 Abstract: Aluminium alloys have evolved as suitable materials for automotive and aircraft industries due to their reduced weight, excellent fatigue properties, high-strength to weight ratio, high workability/formability, and corrosion resistance. Recently, the joining of similar and dissimilar metals have achieved huge success in various sectors. The processing of soft metals like aluminium, copper, iron and nickel have been fabricated using friction stir processing. Friction stir processing (FSP) is a microstructural modifying technique that uses the same principles as the friction stir welding technique. In the majority of studies on FSP, the effect of process parameters on the microstructure was characterized after a single pass. However, multiple passes of FSP is another method to further modify the microstructure in aluminium castings. This study is aimed at reviewing the impact of multi-pass friction stir processed joints of aluminium alloys and to identify a knowledge gap. From the literature that is available on multi-pass FSP, it has been observed that the majority of the literature focused on the processing of plates than the joints. There is limited literature reporting on multi-pass friction stir processed joints. This then creates a need to study further on multi-pass friction stir processing on dissimilar aluminium alloys. -
Analysis of Microstructure, Microhardness, Tensile Strength and Wear Properties of Al 6082/Sic Composite Using Multi-Pass Friction Stir Processing
International Journal of Mechanical And Production Engineering, ISSN: 2320-2092, Volume- 5, Issue-4, Aprl.-2017 http://iraj.in ANALYSIS OF MICROSTRUCTURE, MICROHARDNESS, TENSILE STRENGTH AND WEAR PROPERTIES OF AL 6082/SIC COMPOSITE USING MULTI-PASS FRICTION STIR PROCESSING 1SAHIL NAGIA, 2DEVAL KULS HRESTHA, 3PRABHAT KUMAR, 4V. JEGANATHAN, 5RANGANATH M. S INGARI 1, 2, 3, 4, 5Department of Mechanical Engineering, Delhi Technological University, Delhi, India Email: [email protected], [email protected] Abstract - High strength to weight ratio, light weight and various thermal, mechanical and recycling properties makes aluminium alloys an ideal choice for various industrial applications in sectors as varied as aeronautics, automotive, beverage containers, construction and energy transportation. Due to the rapid injection of molten aluminium into metal moulds under high pressure, casting defects and an abnormal structure, such as cold flake, are easily formed in the base metal. These defects significantly degrade the mechanical properties of the base metal. In order to satisfy the recent demands of advanced engineering applications, Aluminium matrix composites (AMCs) have emerged as a promising alternative. Among the various metal matrix composites manufacturing and forming methods, Friction Stir Processing (FSP) has gained recent attention. This work aims at analysing the microstructure, microhardness, tensile strength and wear properties of Al 6082/SiC composites fabricated by single, double and triple passes via FSP. The ultimate tensile strength of the processed material came out to be less than the parent material and the results showed that with the increase in the number of passes, the tensile properties of composites including ultimate tensile strength (UTS) and yield strength (YS) improved. -
ACHIEVING ULTRAFINE GRAINS in Mg AZ31B-O ALLOY by CRYOGENIC FRICTION STIR PROCESSING and MACHINING
University of Kentucky UKnowledge Theses and Dissertations--Manufacturing Systems Engineering Manufacturing Systems Engineering 2011 ACHIEVING ULTRAFINE GRAINS IN Mg AZ31B-O ALLOY BY CRYOGENIC FRICTION STIR PROCESSING AND MACHINING Anwaruddin Mohammed University of Kentucky, [email protected] Right click to open a feedback form in a new tab to let us know how this document benefits ou.y Recommended Citation Mohammed, Anwaruddin, "ACHIEVING ULTRAFINE GRAINS IN Mg AZ31B-O ALLOY BY CRYOGENIC FRICTION STIR PROCESSING AND MACHINING" (2011). Theses and Dissertations--Manufacturing Systems Engineering. 1. https://uknowledge.uky.edu/ms_etds/1 This Master's Thesis is brought to you for free and open access by the Manufacturing Systems Engineering at UKnowledge. It has been accepted for inclusion in Theses and Dissertations--Manufacturing Systems Engineering by an authorized administrator of UKnowledge. For more information, please contact [email protected]. STUDENT AGREEMENT: I represent that my thesis or dissertation and abstract are my original work. Proper attribution has been given to all outside sources. I understand that I am solely responsible for obtaining any needed copyright permissions. I have obtained and attached hereto needed written permission statements(s) from the owner(s) of each third-party copyrighted matter to be included in my work, allowing electronic distribution (if such use is not permitted by the fair use doctrine). I hereby grant to The University of Kentucky and its agents the non-exclusive license to archive and make accessible my work in whole or in part in all forms of media, now or hereafter known. I agree that the document mentioned above may be made available immediately for worldwide access unless a preapproved embargo applies. -
Friction Stir Processing of Aluminum Alloys
University of Kentucky UKnowledge University of Kentucky Master's Theses Graduate School 2004 FRICTION STIR PROCESSING OF ALUMINUM ALLOYS RAJESWARI R. ITHARAJU University of Kentucky, [email protected] Right click to open a feedback form in a new tab to let us know how this document benefits ou.y Recommended Citation ITHARAJU, RAJESWARI R., "FRICTION STIR PROCESSING OF ALUMINUM ALLOYS" (2004). University of Kentucky Master's Theses. 322. https://uknowledge.uky.edu/gradschool_theses/322 This Thesis is brought to you for free and open access by the Graduate School at UKnowledge. It has been accepted for inclusion in University of Kentucky Master's Theses by an authorized administrator of UKnowledge. For more information, please contact [email protected]. ABSTRACT OF THESIS FRICTION STIR PROCESSING OF ALUMINUM ALLOYS Friction stir processing (FSP) is one of the new and promising thermomechanical processing techniques that alters the microstructural and mechanical properties of the material in single pass to achieve maximum performance with low production cost in less time using a simple and inexpensive tool. Preliminary studies of different FS processed alloys report the processed zone to contain fine grained, homogeneous and equiaxed microstructure. Several studies have been conducted to optimize the process and relate various process parameters like rotational and translational speeds to resulting microstructure. But there is only a little data reported on the effect of the process parameters on the forces generated during processing, and the resulting microstructure of aluminum alloys especially AA5052 which is a potential superplastic alloy. In the present work, sheets of aluminum alloys were friction stir processed under various combinations of rotational and translational speeds. -
Effect of Friction Stir Processing on Mechanical Properties and Microstructure of the Cast Pure Aluminum
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF SCIENTIFIC & TECHNOLOGY RESEARCH VOLUME 2, ISSUE 12, DECEMBER 2013 ISSN 2277-8616 Effect Of Friction Stir Processing On Mechanical Properties And Microstructure Of The Cast Pure Aluminum Alaa Mohammed Hussein Wais, Dr. Jassim Mohammed Salman, Dr. Ahmed Ouda Al-Roubaiy Abstract: Friction stir processing (FSP) has the potential for locally enhancing the properties of pure AL. A cylindrical tool with threaded pin was used. the effect of FSP has been examined on sand casting hypereutectic pure AL. The influence of different processing parameters has been investigated at a fundamental level. Effect of (FSP) parameters such as transverse speed (86,189,393) mm/min, rotational speed (560,710, 900) rpm on microstructure and mechanical properties were studied. Different mechanical tests were conducted such as (tensile, microhardness and impact tests). Temperature distribution has been investigated by using infrared (IR) camera; the thermal images were analyzed to point out the temperature degree on limited points. The results show that the heat generation increase when rotational speed increase and decrease when transverse speed increase. Hardness and impact measurements were taken across the process zone( PZ), and tensile testing were carried out at room temperatures. After FSP, the microstructure of the cast pure Al was greatly refined. However, FSP caused very little changes to the hardness of the material, while tensile and impact properties were greatly improved. Keywords: Friction stir processing,(FSP), Microstructure, Heat Distribution, Mechanical Properties. ———————————————————— 1- INTRODUCTION Therefore, in order to generate flat surface for FSP,2mm of Recently, a new processing technique, friction stir material was milled away from the top and bottom surface processing (FSP), was developed by Mishra et al, Friction of each plate before FSP. -
HIGH STRAIN RATE SUPERPLASTICITY in a CONTINUOUSLY RECRYSTALLIZED Al±6%Mg±0.3%Sc ALLOY
Acta mater. Vol. 46, No. 8, pp. 2789±2800, 1998 # 1998 Acta Metallurgica Inc. Published by Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved Printed in Great Britain PII: S1359-6454(97)00452-7 1359-6454/98 $19.00 + 0.00 HIGH STRAIN RATE SUPERPLASTICITY IN A CONTINUOUSLY RECRYSTALLIZED Al±6%Mg±0.3%Sc ALLOY T. G. NIEH1, L. M. HSIUNG1, J. WADSWORTH1 and R. KAIBYSHEV2 1Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, L-369, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, CA 94551, U.S.A. and 2Institute of Metals Superplasticity Problems, Khalturina St. 39, Ufa, Bashkortostan, 450000, Russia (Received 26 September 1997; accepted 10 November 1997) AbstractÐThe superplastic properties of a cold-rolled Al±6Mg±0.3Sc alloy were studied at temperatures between 450 and 5608C and strain rates between 104 and 100 s1. The alloy was observed to exhibit super- plasticity over wide temperature (475±5208C) and strain rate ranges (0103±101 s1). It was found that the addition of Sc to Al±Mg alloys resulted in a uniform distribution of ®ne coherent Al3Sc precipitates which eectively pinned subgrain and grain boundaries during static and dynamic recrystallization. In this paper, the microstructural evolution during superplastic deformation was systematically examined using both opti- cal and transmission electron microscopy. Based upon this microstructural examination, a mechanism is proposed to explain the observed high strain rate superplasticity in the alloy. A model is also proposed that describes grain boundary sliding accommodated by dislocations gliding across grains containing coher- ent precipitates. # 1998 Acta Metallurgica Inc. 1. INTRODUCTION theory, two competing processes, GBS and dislo- There is now a great interest in developing highly- cation slip, can control deformation, as illustrated formable Al alloys, and in particular Al±Mg based in Fig. -
Superplastic Deformation Mechanisms in Fine-Grained 2050 Al-Cu-Li Alloys
materials Article Superplastic Deformation Mechanisms in Fine-Grained 2050 Al-Cu-Li Alloys Hongping Li 1,2, Xiaodong Liu 1, Quan Sun 1, Lingying Ye 1,3,* and Xinming Zhang 1,3 1 School of Materials Science and Engineering, Central South University, Changsha 410083, China; [email protected] (H.L.); [email protected] (X.L.); [email protected] (Q.S.); [email protected] (X.Z.) 2 Shanghai Aircraft Design and Research Institute of COMAC, Shanghai 200232, China 3 Key Laboratory of Nonferrous Materials, Ministry of Education, Central South University, Changsha 410083, China * Correspondence: [email protected] Received: 18 May 2020; Accepted: 11 June 2020; Published: 14 June 2020 Abstract: The deformation behavior and microstructural evolution of fine-grained 2050 alloys at elevated temperatures and slow strain rates were investigated. The results showed that significant dynamic anisotropic grain growth occurred at the primary stage of deformation. Insignificant dislocation activity, particle-free zones, and the complete progress of grain neighbor switching based on diffusion creep were observed during superplastic deformation. Quantitative calculation showed that diffusion creep was the dominant mechanism in the superplastic deformation process, and that grain boundary sliding was involved as a coordination mechanism. Surface studies indicated that the diffusional transport of materials was accomplished mostly through the grain boundary, and that the effect of the bulk diffusion was not significant. Keywords: Al-Cu-Li alloys; superplasticity; creep diffusion; grain boundary sliding; focused ion beams 1. Introduction Al-Li alloy has a wide applicability in the field of aerospace because of its relatively low density, high elastic modulus, high specific strength, and excellent comprehensive properties [1–3]. -
Predicting Microstructure Evolution for Friction Stir Extrusion Using a Cellular Automaton Method
Modelling and Simulation in Materials Science and Engineering PAPER Predicting microstructure evolution for friction stir extrusion using a cellular automaton method To cite this article: Reza Abdi Behnagh et al 2019 Modelling Simul. Mater. Sci. Eng. 27 035006 View the article online for updates and enhancements. This content was downloaded from IP address 128.255.19.185 on 29/06/2019 at 22:20 Modelling and Simulation in Materials Science and Engineering Modelling Simul. Mater. Sci. Eng. 27 (2019) 035006 (23pp) https://doi.org/10.1088/1361-651X/ab044b Predicting microstructure evolution for friction stir extrusion using a cellular automaton method Reza Abdi Behnagh1, Avik Samanta2, Mohsen Agha Mohammad Pour1, Peyman Esmailzadeh1 and Hongtao Ding2 1 Faculty of Mechanical Engineering, Urmia University of Technology, Urmia, Iran 2 Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Iowa, Iowa City, United States of America E-mail: [email protected] Received 7 November 2018, revised 24 January 2019 Accepted for publication 4 February 2019 Published 6 March 2019 Abstract Friction stir extrusion (FSE) offers a solid-phase synthesis method consolidating discrete metal chips or powders into bulk material form. In this study, an FSE machine tool with a central hole is driven at high rotational speed into the metal chips contained in a chamber, mechanically stirs and consolidates the work material. The softened consolidated material is extruded through the center hole of the tool, during which material microstructure undergoes significant trans- formation due to the intensive thermomechanical loadings. Discontinuous dynamic recrystallization is found to have played as the primary mechanism for microstructure evolution of pure magnesium chips during the FSE process. -
Effect of Friction Stir Processing on Microstructural, Mechanical
metals Article Effect of Friction Stir Processing on Microstructural, Mechanical, and Corrosion Properties of Al-Si12 Additive Manufactured Components Ghazal Moeini 1,*, Seyed Vahid Sajadifar 2 , Tom Engler 3, Ben Heider 3 , Thomas Niendorf 2 , Matthias Oechsner 3 and Stefan Böhm 1 1 Department for Cutting and Joining Processes, University of Kassel, Kurt-Wolters-Str. 3, 34125 Kassel, Germany; [email protected] 2 Institute of Materials Engineering, University of Kassel, Moenchebergstraße 3, 34125 Kassel, Germany; [email protected] (S.V.S.); [email protected] (T.N.) 3 Center for Structural Materials (MPA-IfW), Technical University of Darmstadt, Grafenstraße 2, 64283 Darmstadt, Germany; [email protected] (T.E.); [email protected] (B.H.); [email protected] (M.O.) * Correspondence: [email protected]; Tel.: +49-561-804-7443 Received: 12 December 2019; Accepted: 31 December 2019; Published: 3 January 2020 Abstract: Additive manufacturing (AM) is an advanced manufacturing process that provides the opportunity to build geometrically complex and highly individualized lightweight structures. Despite its many advantages, additively manufactured components suffer from poor surface quality. To locally improve the surface quality and homogenize the microstructure, friction stir processing (FSP) technique was applied on Al-Si12 components produced by selective laser melting (SLM) using two different working media. The effect of FSP on the microstructural evolution, mechanical properties, and corrosion resistance of SLM samples was investigated. Microstructural investigation showed a considerable grain refinement in the friction stirred area, which is due to the severe plastic deformation and dynamic recrystallization of the material in the stir zone. -
Investigation of Structural-Phase States and Features of Plastic Deformation of the Austenitic Precipitation-Hardening Co-Ni-Nb Alloy
Article Investigation of Structural-Phase States and Features of Plastic Deformation of the Austenitic Precipitation-Hardening Co-Ni-Nb Alloy Aidyn Tussupzhanov 1,2,3,*, Dosym Yerbolatuly 1, Ludmila I. Kveglis 1,3 and Aleksander Filarowski 2,4,5 ID 1 S. Amanzholov East Kazakhstan State University, Department of Physics and Technology, 30 Gvardeiskoi Divisii Str. 34, 070020 Ust-Kamenogorsk, Kazakhstan; [email protected] (D.Y.); [email protected] (L.I.K.) 2 Faculty of Chemistry, Wroclaw University, F. Joliot-Curie Str. 14, 50-383 Wroclaw, Poland; aleksander.fi[email protected] 3 Polytechnical Institute of Siberian Federal University, Svobodny Ave 79, 660041 Krasnoyarsk, Russia 4 Frank Laboratory of Neutron Physics, JINR, 141-980 Dubna, Russia 5 Department of Physics, Industrial University of Tyumen, 625-000 Tyumen, Russia * Correspondence: [email protected]; Tel.: +7-777-4775878 Received: 6 November 2017; Accepted: 23 December 2017; Published: 30 December 2017 Abstract: This article presents the results of investigation of the influence of holding temperature during the quenching process on the microstructure and superplasticity of the Co-Ni-Nb alloy. Temperature-strain rate intervals of the deformation of the superplasticity effects are stated. The optimal regimes of the preliminary treatment by quenching and rolling as well as the routine of the superplastic deformation of the Co-Ni-Nb alloy are defined. The interval of the temperatures of the precipitation, morphology, composition, type and parameters of the lattice of the secondary phase, which appears after the annealing + rolling (to 90%) Co-Ni-Nb alloy, are determined. Keywords: superplasticity; superplastic deformation; Co-Ni-Nb alloy; microstructure; precipitation; secondary phase; shear transformation zone 1.