Das Reichskammergericht (1495-1806)
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The Constitution of the Holy Roman Empire After 1648: Samuel Pufendorf's Assessment in His Monzambano
The Historical Journal http://journals.cambridge.org/HIS Additional services for The Historical Journal: Email alerts: Click here Subscriptions: Click here Commercial reprints: Click here Terms of use : Click here THE CONSTITUTION OF THE HOLY ROMAN EMPIRE AFTER 1648: SAMUEL PUFENDORF'S ASSESSMENT IN HIS MONZAMBANO PETER SCHRÖDER The Historical Journal / Volume 42 / Issue 04 / December 1999, pp 961 - 983 DOI: null, Published online: 08 September 2000 Link to this article: http://journals.cambridge.org/abstract_S0018246X99008754 How to cite this article: PETER SCHRÖDER (1999). THE CONSTITUTION OF THE HOLY ROMAN EMPIRE AFTER 1648: SAMUEL PUFENDORF'S ASSESSMENT IN HIS MONZAMBANO . The Historical Journal, 42, pp 961-983 Request Permissions : Click here Downloaded from http://journals.cambridge.org/HIS, IP address: 144.82.107.84 on 29 May 2014 The Historical Journal, , (), pp. – Printed in the United Kingdom # Cambridge University Press THE CONSTITUTION OF THE HOLY ROMAN EMPIRE AFTER 1648: SAMUEL PUFENDORF’S ASSESSMENT IN HIS MONZAMBANO* PETER SCHRO$ DER University of Marburg . The examination of Pufendorf’s Monzambano shows that he was strongly interested in the question of sovereignty, and that the complex reality of the Holy Roman Empire demanded a completely new approach to the question of where sovereignty within the Empire lay. Pufendorf developed his account of the Empire as an irregular political system by using essential aspects of Hobbes’s theory and thus departed from all previous writers on the forma imperii. But Pufendorf’s writing on the Empire has not only to be linked with political and philosophical discussion about sovereignty within the Empire but also with his own main writings where he developed a more detailed theory regarding the issue of sovereignty in general. -
Downloaded from Cambridge Books Online by IP 142.150.190.39 on Thu Jul 11 12:46:06 WEST 2013
Cambridge Books Online http://ebooks.cambridge.org/ Freedom and the Construction of Europe Edited by Quentin Skinner, Martin van Gelderen Book DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/CBO9781139519281 Online ISBN: 9781139519281 Hardback ISBN: 9781107033061 Chapter 14 - Roman law, German liberties and the constitution of the Holy Roma n Empire pp. 256-273 Chapter DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/CBO9781139519281.017 Cambridge University Press 14 Roman law, German liberties and the constitution of the Holy Roman Empire Daniel Lee i The year 1495 marked a milestone in the history of early modern Germany. It was in this year that the Holy Roman Emperor, Maximilian I, meeting with the assembled members of the princely nobility and representatives of the cities in the imperial diet, enacted the Reichsreform designed to improve the institutional structure and administration of the empire. These changes included a number of ambitious proposals such as the establishment of a cen- tral administrative apparatus (Reichsregiment), the territorial division of the empire into imperial circles (Reichskreise), the promulgation of a Perpetual Peace to end the private feuds among the warring nobility in the German lands (Landfriede), and the establishment of an imperial high court of appeals (Reichskammergericht). Taken together, Reichsreform signalled the beginning of an attempt to frame a policy of imperial statecraft by providing some semblance of political and juridical unity in what was, in effect, a deeply frag- mented medieval patchwork of lesser jurisdictions, bishoprics, feudalities and cities.1 But perhaps the single most important aspect of this movement was the formal reception of Roman law in Germany as a valid imperial law. -
When 'The State Made War', What Happened to Economic Inequality? Evidence from Preindustrial Germany (C.1400-1800)
Economic History Working Papers No: 311 When ‘The State Made War’, what Happened to Economic Inequality? Evidence from Preindustrial Germany (c.1400-1800) Felix S.F. Schaff October 2020 Economic History Department, London School of Economics and Political Science, Houghton Street, London, WC2A 2AE, London, UK. T: +44 (0) 20 7955 7084. When `the State Made War', what Happened to Economic Inequality? Evidence from Preindustrial Germany (c. 1400-1800) Felix S.F. Schaff ∗ Abstract What was the impact of military conflict on economic inequality? This paper presents new evidence about the relationship between military conflicts and economic inequality in prein- dustrial Germany, between 1400 and 1800. I argue that ordinary military conflicts increased economic inequality. Warfare raised the financial needs of towns in preindustrial times, leading to more resource extraction from the population. This resource extraction happened via inegal- itarian channels, such as regressive taxation. The Thirty Years' War was an exception to that pattern but not the rule. To test this argument a novel panel dataset is constructed combining information about economic inequality in 72 localities and 687 conflicts over four centuries. The analysis suggests that there existed two countervailing effects of conflicts on inequality: destruc- tion and extraction. The Thirty Years' War was indeed a \Great Leveller" (Scheidel 2017), but the many ordinary conflicts { paradigmatic of life in the preindustrial world { were continuous reinforcers of economic inequality. Keywords: Wealth, Inequality, Warfare, Institutions, Political Economy, Germany. JEL Classification: N33, D31, I32, N43, H20. ∗London School of Economics and Political Science. Email: f.s.schaff@lse.ac.uk. This version: October 2020. -
Prozesse Vor Dem Reichskammergericht Als Praktiken in Der Frühen Neuzeit
Thorsten Keiser Prozesse vor dem Reichskammergericht als Praktiken in der frühen Neuzeit GESELLSCHAFT FÜR REICHSKAMMERGERICHTSFORSCHUNG Heft 48 Schriftenreihe der Gesellschaft für Reichskammergerichtsforschung Heft 48 Wetzlar, 2020 Thorsten Keiser Prozesse vor dem Reichskammergericht als Praktiken in der frühen Neuzeit Ergänzte und erweiterte Fassung des Vortrages vom 18. Oktober 2018 im Seminarraum, Hofstatt 19, Wetzlar Umschlagabbildung: Notizen des Richters Mathias Neser, Bundesarchiv Berlin-Lichterfelde, Sign. AR1 Miscellanea 530, f. 154r Impressum: Herausgeber: Gesellschaft für Reichskammergerichtsforschung e.V. Redaktion: Anette Baumann Layout: Andrea Müller Druck: Druckhaus Bechstein GmbH, Wetzlar ISBN 3-935279-56-6 5 I. Einleitung: Reichskammergerichtsforschung und frühneuzeitliche Geschichte Beim Thema „Prozesse am Reichskammergericht als Praktiken der frühen Neuzeit“ geht es um die Verortung der Reichskammergerichts- forschung im Zusammenhang mit aktuellen Strömungen der Geschichte zur frühen Neuzeit.1 Mit dieser ist das Reichskammergericht untrennbar verbunden, denn seine Einrichtung und institutionelle Ausgestaltung prägt die Zäsur, die schließlich bei der Umschreibung der frühen Neuzeit als Epoche eine entscheidende Rolle spielte. Die Entstehung der Reichs- kammergerichtsbarkeit fällt bekanntlich unmittelbar zusammen mit der Entstehung des modernen Staates durch Etablierung eines staatlichen Ge- waltmonopols. Friedenssicherung durch Verhinderung von Fehden war Gründungszweck und Hauptaufgabe des Reichskammergerichts,2 das eine Ergänzung des ewigen Landfriedens von 1495 auf justizieller Ebene dar- stellte. Wie auch immer man zu historischen Epocheneinteilungen stehen mag, aus Sicht der Rechtsgeschichte bildet das Reichskammergericht eine klare institutionelle Wegmarke der Moderne.3 Es stand für einen mit der Professionalisierung des Juristenstandes bekräftigtem Anspruch der Herr- schaft des Rechts, war aber gleichzeitig mit dem Mehrebenensystem des alten Reiches untrennbar verbunden und ging als Institution mit diesem unter. -
Ulrike Muessig, Superior Courts in Early-Modern France, England And
PLEASE NOTE This is a draft paper only and should not be cited without the author’s express permission Superior Courts in Early-Modern France, England and the Holy Roman Empire Ulrike Muessig I. Introduction 1. The Issue: Supreme Jurisdiction as a Driving Force for Early-Modern Monarchies In the registers of the Parlement de Paris there is the following entry dated 5th of December 1556 : « … la souveraineté est si étroitement conjointe avec la justice que séparée elle perdrait son nom et serait un corps sans âme. » (Sovereignty is so closely joined up with justice that, if separated, it would be like a body without a soul). While the Pre-Bodin concept of sovereignty is not my topic; the absense of an abstract conception of comprehensive royal power should be noted here. Accordingly, there is no entry for the noun souveraineté in the 1549-French-Latin Dictionary. The adjective souverain, however, is explained as the final jurisdiction of a parlement. This concept of final jurisdiction as sovereign jurisdiction is the central issue of my paper: Does the development of supreme jurisdiction correspond to success in Early-Modern state-building process? Three considerations guide us to this central issue: (a) For the effective administration of justice one needs a strong power to provide and secure access to courts. (b) Law in itself is not at the disposal of the sovereign. However as justice is a central ruler’s duty, royal jurisdiction may have been an appropriate way to influence the development of law. (c) Feudal and ecclesiastical courts are natural rivals to royal courts. -
Museen Wetzlar EN.Indd
g H e e Philipsstraße W r enw m olin eg r a ar e nn C s IKEA - e m ir g s r t e e d e i i n N Carolinenhütte e r S t ra ß e G l o ë l s t Bahnhof Nordseite r a ß P + R THE MUSEUMS OF WETZLAR INFORMATIONENe THE MUSEUMS ZOB (Busbahnhof)/Bahnhof Willy-Brandt- -Straße -Kühle Platz ng fga ol Rittal W Reichskammergericht Museum The Wetzlar Stadtmuseum Palais Papius, Reichskammergericht Museum, Arena Forum Hofstatt 19 · 35578 Wetzlar Lottestraße 8-10 · 35578 Wetzlar Stadtmuseum: “Pay what you like” for individual Tel. 06441 99-4160 · E-Mail: [email protected] Tel. 06441 99-4131 oder -4140 admissions; for groups, “pay what you like” priceAm Forum re- www.museen-wetzlar.de E-Mail: [email protected] · www.museen-wetzlar.de commendation in accordance with the prices for Lotte B 49 Rich House, Jerusalem House and Viseum. tung Gießen g Opening hours: bur Opening hours: im g L tun Spinnereistraße Tuesday to Sunday: Priceich Lotte House, Viseum All three Tuesday to Sunday: R Herkules 49 1 1 April – 31 Oct 10.00 am – 5.00 pm B CenterJerusalem House museumsLahn/R 7 1 April – 31 Oct 11.00 am – 5.00 pm e aß Str Herderstraße r e e 1 Nov – 31 March 11.00 am – 4.00 pm Single admission: Adults 3,00 € 3,50 € 6,00 € im ß e 1 Nov – 31 March 11.00 am – 4.00 pm Glo h Albinistraße a n Bannstraße r e t rb s a Closed on 24 Dec, 25 Dec, 31 Dec and 1 Jan. -
University Microfilms, a XEROX Company, Ann Arbor, Michigan
71-7579 THIRY, Jr., Alexander George, 1930- REGENCY OF ARCHDUKE FERDINAND, 1521-1531; FIRST HABSBURG ATTEMPT AT CENTRALIZED CONTROL OF GERMANY, The Ohio State University, Ph.D., 1970 History, modern University Microfilms, A XEROX Company, Ann Arbor, Michigan THIS DISSERTATION HAS BEEN MICROFILMED EXACTLY AS RECEIVED REGENCY OF ARCHDUKE FERDINAND, 1521-1531: FIRST HABSBURG ATTEMPT AT CENTRALIZED CONTROL OF GERMANY DISSERTATION Presented in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree Doctor of Philosophy in the Graduate School of the Ohio State University By Alexander G. Thiry, B. A., M. A. ****** The Ohio State University 1970 Approved by Iviser Department of History PREFACE For those with professional interest in the Reforma tion era, Ferdinand of the House of Habsburg requires no special introduction here. As the younger and sole brother of Charles V, who was the Holy Roman Emperor of the German Nation in the first-half of the sixteenth century, Ferdi nand's place among the list of secular, notables of the pe riod is assured. Singled out in 1521 by his imperial brother to be the Archduke of Austria and to become his personal representative in Germany, attaining the kingships of Bohe mia and Hungary in 1526 and 1527 respectively, and designated, following his brother's abdication and retirement from pub lic life in 1556, to succeed him as emperor of Germany, Fer dinand could not help leaving behind him from such political heights indelible footprints upon the course of history. Yet, probably because of the fragmentation of Ferdi nand's energy into these many various channels of responsi bility and the presence of his illustrious brother, Charles V, and his fanatical nephew, Philip II of Spain, who both eclipsed his own place on the stage of history, Ferdinand's historical significance has been largely overlooked by IX posterity. -
The Birth of an Empire of Two Churches : Church Property
The Birth of an Empire of Two Churches: Church Property, Theologians, and the League of Schmalkalden CHRISTOPHER OCKER ID THE CREATION OF PROTESTANT CHURCHES IN GERMANY during Luther’s generation follow someone’s intentions? Heiko Oberman, appealing to a medieval DLuther, portrays the reformer as herald of a dawning apocalypse, a monk at war with the devil, who expected God to judge the world and rescue Christians with no help from human institutions, abilities, and processes.1 This Luther could not have intended the creation of a new church. Dorothea Wendebourg and Hans-Jürgen Goertz stress the diversity of early evangelical movements. Goertz argues that anticlericalism helped the early Reformation’s gamut of spiritual, political, economic, and social trends to coalesce into moderate and radical groups, whereas Wendebourg suggests that the movements were only united in the judgment of the Counter Reformation.2 Many scholars concede this diversity. “There were very many different Reformations,” Diarmaid McCulloch has recently observed, aimed “at recreating authentic Catholic Christianity.”3 But some intention to form a new church existed, even if the intention was indirect. Scholars have identified the princely reaction to the revolting peasants of 1524–1525 as the first impetus toward political and institutional Protestantism.4 There was a 1Heiko A. Oberman, Die Wirkung der Reformation: Probleme und Perspektiven, Institut für Europäische Geschichte Mainz Vorträge 80 (Wiesbaden, 1987), 46; idem, Luther: Man between God and the Devil (New York, 1992), passim; idem, “Martin Luther zwischen Mittelalter und Neuzeit,” in Die Reformation: Von Wittenberg nach Genf (Göttingen, 1987), 189–207; Scott Hendrix, “‘More Than a Prophet’: Martin Luther in the Work of Heiko Oberman,” in The Work of Heiko A. -
Early Modern Case Studies : the Example of Germany's Imperial
305 Early modern case studies : The example of Germany’s Imperial Chamber Court* -Historical context, methodological fallacies and the difficulties of working with source material- 107) Nikolaus Linder** When professor Sim1) invited me last October to present a case study from early modern German legal history here in Seoul, I accepted immediately. Needless to say, I felt very honored. It was only a few months later when I began to work on the project in earnest that I became aware of some of the conceptual difficulties it involves. It required the answer to a number or preliminary questions. First and foremost, what kind of polity is (or was) „Germany” in early modern times? Which courts of justice could be said to be p generically art of this polity? What would constitute a court case in such a court? Before looking into some such cases from the 1620s onwards it is thus necessary to make a few remarks regarding the basic concepts of place and central legal institutions. Hopefully, by the end of my presentation, it will become a bit clearer what administration of justice in early modern „Germany” meant. What was „Germany” at this time? * 이 원고는 “중세유럽의 민사 분쟁과 법(Civil Dispute and the Law in Medieval Europe)”이라는 주제로 2019년 6월 28일(금) 개최된 韓國法史學會 제129회 정례학술발표회에서 발표한 것으로 저 자의 허락을 구하여 여기에 수록하였다. ** Georg-August-Universität Göttingen 1) 연세대학교 법학전문대학원 심희기 교수(편집자 주) 306 法史學硏究 第60號 Ⅰ. Let me start with a bold statement : There was no such thing as „Germany” during the early modern period, at least not in the sense of a „state” in any modern or pre-modern sense. -
From Satire to Silence: Hans Sachs's Commentary on Civic Decline Thesis by Sharon Baker in Partial Fulfilment of the Requireme
From Satire to Silence: Hans Sachs’s Commentary on Civic Decline Thesis by Sharon Baker In Partial Fulfilment of the Requirements for the Degree of Doctor of Philosophy The Institute of Modern Languages Research School for Advanced Studies, University of London September 2017 Declaration I [Sharon Baker] declare that this thesis represents my own work. Where other sources of information have been used they have been acknowledged. Signed………………………………. Date………… ABSTRACT In this year devoted to celebrating Luther’s invitation to debate Indulgences in 1517, which led to the establishment of the Lutheran faith, it is timely to reassess the Fastnachtspiele of Hans Sachs, whose reputation varies from unskilled cobbler poet to ‘Verfechter der Reformation’. Previous research devoted to Hans Sachs and satire concentrates on his ability to produce amusing moral tales for the Carnival season, whereas this thesis searches for critical satire of contemporary political, religious and social issues within the chosen Fastnachtspiele. This is achieved by analysing the plays in the context of contemporary events, personalities and circumstances in Nuremberg during a turbulent period in the city’s history, when it faced internal religious conflict, invasion, declining influence as an imperial city and loss of wealth as an early industrial society. The results of the analysis suggest that Sachs’s Fastnachtspiele, which are celebrated for their didactic nature along with his religious Meistergesang and Reformation dialogues, contribute to a corpus of pro- Lutheran -
Wetzlar 1689-1806 Schriftenreihe Der Gesellschaft Für Reichs Kamme
Hans-Werner Hahn Reichskammergericht und Stadtentwicklung: Wetzlar 1689-1806 Schriftenreihe der Gesellschaft für Reichs kammergerichtsforschung • Heft 12 Schriftenreihe der Gesellschaft für Reichskammergerichtsforschung Heft 12 Wetzlar, 1991 Zum Titelbild Für einen Kupferstichverlag in Augsburg fertigte ein unbekannter Kupferstecher um die Mitte des 18. Jahrhunderts sechs Kostümdarstellungen. Sie waren wahrscheinlich als Bildbeigaben für einen der damals beliebten Taschenkalender gedacht. Vier von ihnen stellten die Amtstrachten des Kammerrichters, der Präsidenten, der Assessoren und der Prokuratoren am Reichskammergericht dar, zwei zeigen bäuerliche Kleidung aus der Umgebung Wetzlars. In der Gegenüberstellung von "hoch" und "niedrig" drückt sich wohl kaum ein Bewußtsein sozialer Spannungen aus als vielmehr ein später Nachklang barocken Polaritätsdenkens. © Gesellschaft für Reichskammergerichtsforschung Eigendruck 1991 Auflage: 1000/10/1991 Dr. phil. habil. Hans-Werner Hahn Reichskammergericht und Stadtentwicklung: Wetzlar 1689 -1806 Vortrag gehalten am 18.4.1991 im Stadthaus am Dom zu Wetzlar / A / 2- 5 6 4 l U. < /’X /'i' Einleitung Im August 1807, ein Jahr nach dem Ende des Alten Reiches, schrieb der Wetzlarer Stadtvorstand an seinen damaligen Landesherren Karl Theodor von Dalberg: "Kaum ist ein Jahr verflossen, seitdem die alte Verfassung des deutschen Vaterlandes dem Wechsel der Zeiten unterlag und die Reichsgerichte ihre Existenz verloren, und schon sind unsere Häuser und alles Grundeigenthum auf die Hälfte des Werthes gefallen." Grundbesitzer, Kapitalisten und Gewerbetreibende seien ärmer geworden. Nicht wenige Geschäftsleute seien aus Wetzlar abgezogen, und neue Hoffnung könne angesichts des zerstörten Wohlstandes kaum aufkommen. "Nur noch wenige Monate," so schrieb der Stadtvorstand weiter, "und die Zahl unserer leeren Wohnungen wird sich in allen Straßen mehren, und wir werden das Bild der Verödung unter uns umher schleichen sehen. -
Das Reichskammergericht in Wetzlar Georg Schmidt-Von Rhein
Georg Schmidt-von Rhein Das Reichskammergericht in Wetzlar Schriftenreihe der Gesellschaft für Reichs kammergerichtsforschung • Heft 9 Georg Schmidt-von Rhein Das Reichskammergericht in Wetzlar Festvortrag gehalten am 8. November 1989 in Wetzlar aus Anlaß des 300. Jahrestages der Verlegung des Reichskammergerichts von Speyer nach Wetzlar /I a /2SS3/1 (c) Gesellschaft für Re ichskammergerichtsforschung Eigendruck 1990 Auflage: 500/08/90 i i(j .3 ^ 3 - 9^ Das Reichskammergericht in Wetzlar 1.' Von Speyer nach Wetzlar. Am 31. Mai des Jahres 1689, dem Dienstag nach Pfingsten, brannte die Reichsstadt Speyer lichterloh! Von der Festung Landau aus er folgte eine militärische Aktion, die anfangs wie eine Einquartierung aussah, bis der fran zösische Kommandant den Befehl erteilte, die Stadt innerhalb einer Woche zu räumen. Danach wurde sie in Brand gesteckt.*' Mit ihr versank auch das ehemalige Reichskammergericht, wel ches in einem Teil des Rathofes, also des Rat hauses der Stadt, untergebracht war, in Schutt und Asche. Schon lange war überlegt worden, ob man das seit 1527 in der Stadt Speyer angesiedelte Oberste Reichsgericht nicht weiter in das In nere des Reiches verlegen sollte; man hatte die Gefahren, welche mit dem pfälzischen Erb folgekrieg durch die Franzosen unter Ludwig dem XIV auf die Stadt zukamen, zwar gesehen, aber zu lange gezögert. Nun wurden schnelle Entscheidungen erforderlich. Nicht zuletzt der Einsatz des Wetzlarer Stadtrates trug da zu bei, daß am 28. September 1689 vom Reichs tag die einstweilige Übersiedlung des Reichs kammergerichts nach Wetzlar beschlossen wurde. - 5 - Nachdem etwa 80 damals zu dem Gericht ge hörende Familien zum Teil nur mit Widerstre ben allmählich nach Wetzlar gezogen waren, wurde es dort am 15.