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2.5 How German Is the Holy Roman Empire? 2.6 Introduction to Modern German History 2. Emperor, Empire, Reform, and Reformation: 1486 – 1555 Dr. Tobias Winnerling Introduction to Modern German History: 2. Emperor, Empire, Reform, and Reformation: 1486 – 1555 2.1 Emperor Maximilian I and Emperor Maximilian I Imperial Reform 2.2 Late 15th century and Imperial Reform developments 2.3. Reformation and Maximilian of Habsburg, Son of Emperor Charles V 2.4 Confessional and Emperor Frederick III Political Conflict *1459 2.5 How German is the Holy Roman King of the Romans in 1486 Empire? 2.6. The End of Holy Roman Emperor since 1508 Universal Monarchy and the Peace of †1519 Augsburg Maximilian c.1485, etching by Daniel Hopfer Introduction to Modern German History: 2. Emperor, Empire, Reform, and Reformation: 1486 – 1555 2.1 Emperor Maximilian I and Holy Roman Empire Imperial Reform 2.2 Late 15th century around 1486 developments 2.3. Reformation and Emperor Charles V Ca. 16 million 2.4 Confessional and Political Conflict inhabitants (north of the 2.5 How German is Alps) the Holy Roman Empire? Ca. 4000 cities (north of 2.6. The End of the Alps), 90% with less Universal Monarchy than 2000 inhabitants and the Peace of Augsburg Population grows, economy gathers momentum Holy Roman Empire in 1400 Introduction to Modern German History: 2. Emperor, Empire, Reform, and Reformation: 1486 – 1555 2.1 Emperor Diet of Worms, 1495: Maximilian I and Imperial Reform Eternal Public Peace 2.2 Late 15th century (“Ewiger Landfrieden”) developments 2.3. Reformation and Imperial Chamber Court Emperor Charles V (“Reichskammergericht”) 2.4 Confessional and Political Conflict Common Penny 2.5 How German is (“Gemeiner Pfennig” – the Holy Roman Empire? not successful) 2.6. The End of Universal Monarchy and the Peace of Further reforms: Augsburg Imperial Postal Service (“Reichspost”, 1498) Aulic Court (“Reichshofrat”, 1498) Italy in 1494 Introduction to Modern German History: 2. Emperor, Empire, Reform, and Reformation: 1486 – 1555 2.1 Emperor th Maximilian I and Late 15 century Imperial Reform 2.2 Late 15th century developments developments 2.3. Reformation and Since the 1450s: Printing Emperor Charles V 2.4 Confessional and with movable type Political Conflict Classical learning surges after 2.5 How German is the Holy Roman the fall of Constantinople in Empire? 1453 2.6. The End of Universal Monarchy Roman Church becomes and the Peace of increasingly centralized and Augsburg bureaucratic Replica of Johannes Gutenberg‘s printing press Introduction to Modern German History: 2. Emperor, Empire, Reform, and Reformation: 1486 – 1555 2.1 Emperor Papacy sells Maximilian I and Imperial Reform indulgences 2.2 Late 15th century to raise developments money, e.g. 2.3. Reformation and for building Emperor Charles V projects (St. 2.4 Confessional and Political Conflict Peter, 2.5 How German is Rome, the Holy Roman 1516) Empire? 2.6. The End of Universal Monarchy and the Peace of Augsburg Pre-printed indulgence form from the printshop of Johannes Gutenberg, 1455 Introduction to Modern German History: 2. Emperor, Empire, Reform, and Reformation: 1486 – 1555 2.1 Emperor Martin Luther (*1483, †1546), Maximilian I and Imperial Reform challenges indulgences in 1517 2.2 Late 15th century Huge public resonance, opposition developments from inside the church 2.3. Reformation and Emperor Charles V Luther excommunicated in 1521; first 2.4 Confessional and modern media celebrity Political Conflict 2.5 How German is the Holy Roman Empire? 2.6. The End of Universal Monarchy and the Peace of Augsburg Martin Luther, ca. 1521 Introduction to Modern German History: 2. Emperor, Empire, Reform, and Reformation: 1486 – 1555 2.1 Emperor Maximilian I and Imperial Election of 1519 Imperial Reform 2.2 Late 15th century Francis I, Charles of Habsburg, developments King of grandson of Emperor 2.3. Reformation and France Maximilian I Emperor Charles V 2.4 Confessional and *1500 Political Conflict King of Spain (Carlos I) 2.5 How German is the Holy Roman in 1516 Empire? 2.6. The End of King of the Romans Universal Monarchy Henry VIII, (Charles V) in 1519 and the Peace of King of Holy Roman Emperor Augsburg England Charles of Habsburg since 1530 Abdicated 1556 †1558 Introduction to Modern German History: 2. Emperor, Empire, Reform, and Reformation: 1486 – 1555 2.1 Emperor Maximilian I and Imperial Reform 2.2 Late 15th century developments 2.3. Reformation and Emperor Charles V 2.4 Confessional and Political Conflict 2.5 How German is the Holy Roman Empire? 2.6. The End of Universal Monarchy and the Peace of Augsburg Dominions of Charles V Introduction to Modern German History: 2. Emperor, Empire, Reform, and Reformation: 1486 – 1555 2.1 Emperor Charles V‘s European Maximilian I and dominions Imperial Reform 2.2 Late 15th century developments 2.3. Reformation and Emperor Charles V 2.4 Confessional and Political Conflict 2.5 How German is the Holy Roman Empire? 2.6. The End of Universal Monarchy and the Peace of Augsburg Introduction to Modern German History: 2. Emperor, Empire, Reform, and Reformation: 1486 – 1555 2.1 Emperor Maximilian I and Luther‘s 1520 writings Imperial Reform 2.2 Late 15th century developments 2.3. Reformation and Emperor Charles V 2.4 Confessional and Political Conflict 2.5 How German is the Holy Roman Empire? 2.6. The End of Universal Monarchy and the Peace of Augsburg “Von der babylonischen Gefangenschaft der “Von der Freiheit eines Kirche” Christenmenschen” “An den christlichen Adel deutscher Nation” Introduction to Modern German History: 2. Emperor, Empire, Reform, and Reformation: 1486 – 1555 2.1 Emperor Maximilian I and Diet of Worms, 1521 Imperial Reform 2.2 Late 15th century Luther refuses to recant and is outlawed developments 2.3. Reformation and Imperial Register (“Reichsmatrikel”) finally implemented Emperor Charles V 2.4 Confessional and Charles V leaves the Empire, only returns in 1529 Political Conflict Luther goes underground, translates the bible 2.5 How German is the Holy Roman Empire? 2.6. The End of Universal Monarchy and the Peace of Augsburg Introduction to Modern German History: 2. Emperor, Empire, Reform, and Reformation: 1486 – 1555 2.1 Emperor Huge successes Maximilian I and Imperial Reform on the book 2.2 Late 15th century market developments Making the 2.3. Reformation and Emperor Charles V Gospel freely 2.4 Confessional and accessible Political Conflict 2.5 How German is the Holy Roman Empire? 2.6. The End of Universal Monarchy and the Peace of Augsburg Luther‘s Translation of the New Luther‘s Translation of the Old Testament, 1522 Testament, 1523 Introduction to Modern German History: 2. Emperor, Empire, Reform, and Reformation: 1486 – 1555 2.1 Emperor Maximilian I and Peasants’ War, Imperial Reform 2.2 Late 15th century 1525 developments 2.3. Reformation and Peasants, Emperor Charles V artisans, and 2.4 Confessional and Political Conflict commoners 2.5 How German is revolt against the Holy Roman feudal authority Empire? 2.6. The End of Revolt justified Universal Monarchy and the Peace of by the Bible Augsburg Luther condemns the revolt, which is bloodily suppressed Introduction to Modern German History: 2. Emperor, Empire, Reform, and Reformation: 1486 – 1555 2.1 Emperor Maximilian I and Developments after the 1520s Imperial Reform 2.2 Late 15th century Reformation splits in two between Luther and Zwingli in 1529 developments 2.3. Reformation and 1530, Diet of Augsburg: Lutherans unite behind Confession of Augsburg, Emperor Charles V but Emperor and Diet reject it 2.4 Confessional and Political Conflict Protestant estates of the Empire form the League of Schmalkalden 2.5 How German is the Holy Roman Rival confessional church structures are established Empire? 2.6. The End of Universal Monarchy and the Peace of Augsburg Introduction to Modern German History: 2. Emperor, Empire, Reform, and Reformation: 1486 – 1555 2.1 Emperor In 1545, Sebastian Münster Maximilian I and Imperial Reform publishes his “Cosmographia 2.2 Late 15th century Münster‘s description of developments Germany differs significantly 2.3. Reformation and Emperor Charles V from his predecessors 2.4 Confessional and Political Conflict 2.5 How German is the Holy Roman Empire? 2.6. The End of Universal Monarchy and the Peace of Augsburg Introduction to Modern German History: 2. Emperor, Empire, Reform, and Reformation: 1486 – 1555 2.1 Emperor Maximilian I and Imperial Reform 2.2 Late 15th century developments 2.3. Reformation and Emperor Charles V 2.4 Confessional and Political Conflict 2.5 How German is the Holy Roman Empire? 2.6. The End of Universal Monarchy and the Peace of Augsburg Map of Germany from Münster‘s Cosmographia, 1545, oriented to the south Introduction to Modern German History: 2. Emperor, Empire, Reform, and Reformation: 1486 – 1555 2.1 Emperor Maximilian I and Imperial Reform 2.2 Late 15th century developments 2.3. Reformation and Emperor Charles V 2.4 Confessional and Schedel‘s ancient Germany Political Conflict 2.5 How German is Münster‘s ancient Germany the Holy Roman Empire? 2.6. The End of Universal Monarchy and the Peace of Augsburg Ancient German lands according to Schedel‘s team (1493) and Münster (1545) Introduction to Modern German History: 2. Emperor, Empire, Reform, and Reformation: 1486 – 1555 2.1 Emperor Maximilian I and Münster: German language, German land Imperial Reform 2.2 Late 15th century “Long ago the lands have been sorted from each other developments 2.3. Reformation and by mountains and waters, but nowadays languages, Emperor Charles V governance, and lordships sort the lands from each 2.4 Confessional and Political Conflict other. And following this we in our times call German 2.5 How German is the Holy Roman land each place which uses the German tongue, be it Empire? over or yonder the Rhine or the Danube.” 2.6.
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