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The Basics of Cloud Computing This page intentionally left blank The Basics of Cloud Computing Understanding the Fundamentals of Cloud Computing in Theory and Practice Derrick Rountree Ileana Castrillo Hai Jiang, Technical Editor AMSTERDAM • BOSTON • HEIDELBERG • LONDON NEW YORK • OXFORD • PARIS • SAN DIEGO SAN FRANCISCO • SINGAPORE • SYDNEY • TOKYO Syngress is an imprint of Elsevier Acquiring Editor: Chris Katsaropoulos Editorial Project Manager: Benjamin Rearick Project Manager: Punithavathy Govindaradjane Designer: Russell Purdy Syngress is an imprint of Elsevier 225 Wyman Street, Waltham, MA 02451, USA Copyright © 2014 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopying, recording, or any information storage and retrieval system, without permission in writing from the publisher. Details on how to seek permission, further information about the Publisher's permissions policies and our arrangements with organizations such as the Copyright Clearance Center and the Copyright Licensing Agency, can be found at our website: www.elsevier.com/permissions. This book and the individual contributions contained in it are protected under copyright by the Publisher (other than as may be noted herein). Notices Knowledge and best practice in this field are constantly changing. As new research and experience broaden our understanding, changes in research methods or professional practices, may become necessary. Practitioners and researchers must always rely on their own experience and knowledge in evaluating and using any information or methods described herein. In using such information or methods they should be mindful of their own safety and the safety of others, including parties for whom they have a professional responsibility. To the fullest extent of the law, neither the Publisher nor the authors, contributors, or editors, assume any liability for any injury and/or damage to persons or property as a matter of products liability, negligence or otherwise, or from any use or operation of any methods, products, instructions, or ideas contained in the material herein. Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data Rountree, Derrick. The basics of cloud computing: understanding the fundamentals of cloud computing in theory and practice / Derrick Rountree, Ileana Castrillo. pages cm Includes bibliographical references and index. ISBN 978-0-12-405932-0 (paperback: alkaline paper) 1. Cloud computing. I. Castrillo, Ileana. II. Title. QA76.585.R68 2013 004.67'82–dc23 2013024858 British Library Cataloguing-in-Publication Data A catalogue record for this book is available from the British Library ISBN: 978-0-12-405932-0 Printed and bound in the United States of America 14 15 16 17 18 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 For information on all Syngress publications, visit our website at store.elsevier.com/Syngress Dedication “This book is dedicated to my daughter Riley. Every day, you get more and more amazing.” – Derrick Rountree “To my dear friend Deb. You are my rock.” – Ileana Castrillo v This page intentionally left blank Contents CONTRIBUTED CHAPTERS ................................................................... xiii PREFACE .................................................................................................. xv CHAPTER 1 Introduction to the Cloud 1 Introduction ...................................................................................1 What is the Cloud? .......................................................................1 Key Cloud Characteristics ........................................................2 Cloud Deployment Models .......................................................6 Cloud Service Models ................................................................7 Cloud Drivers ................................................................................7 System Drivers ...........................................................................8 Security and Compliance ........................................................10 Business Drivers ......................................................................10 Technology is Catching Up .....................................................11 Driver for Cloud Providers ......................................................12 Cloud Adoption Inhibitors: What is Holding People Back? ....13 Ambiguity ................................................................................13 Concerns Over Maturity .........................................................13 Integration ...............................................................................14 Security .....................................................................................15 Multitenancy ............................................................................16 Technology Challenges ...........................................................16 Scale Out ..................................................................................16 Corporate Policies....................................................................17 Flexibility .................................................................................17 Summary......................................................................................17 CHAPTER 2 Laying the Groundwork 19 Introduction .................................................................................19 Authentication ............................................................................19 vii viii Contents Identification vs. Verification..................................................20 Authorization............................................................................20 Advanced Authentication Methods........................................21 Identity Providers.....................................................................22 Federated Identity....................................................................25 Computing Concepts...................................................................26 Utility Computing.....................................................................26 Commodity Servers..................................................................26 Hardware Virtualization.............................................................27 Hypervisors...............................................................................28 Web Development Technologies................................................29 HTML.........................................................................................30 Adobe Flash..............................................................................30 SOAP..........................................................................................30 REST..........................................................................................30 Java............................................................................................31 JavaScript..................................................................................31 ASP.NET....................................................................................31 PHP............................................................................................31 Ruby on Rails............................................................................32 JBOSS........................................................................................32 JSON..........................................................................................32 Summary......................................................................................33 CHAPTER 3 Cloud Deployment Models 35 Introduction..................................................................................35 Public Clouds...............................................................................35 Benefits.....................................................................................36 Drawbacks................................................................................38 Responsibilities........................................................................39 Security Considerations...........................................................39 Private Clouds..............................................................................40 Benefits.....................................................................................40 Drawbacks................................................................................41 Responsibilities........................................................................42 Security Considerations...........................................................42 Community Clouds......................................................................43 Benefits.....................................................................................43 Drawbacks................................................................................44 Responsibilities........................................................................44 Security Considerations...........................................................44 Contents ix Hybrid Clouds .............................................................................45 Benefits ....................................................................................46 Drawbacks ...............................................................................46 Security Considerations ..........................................................46