Transverse nucleon structure and chiral symmetry breaking C. Weiss (JLab), Penn State HEP/Astrophysics Seminar, 17–Apr–13 JHEP 1301 (2013) 163
• Nucleon structure in QCD Perturbative Dynamicalχ SB Hadronic QCD size R Scale Parton model QCD radiation, factorization 0.1 fm 1 fm
• Chiral symmetry breaking in QCD valence Non–perturbative scale ρ ≪ R
sea ρ Effective description: Constituent quarks,
... Goldstone bosons R P • Effect on partonic structure
pT (sea) ≫ pT (valence) Short–range correlations of partons
Q: How does χSB scale • Experimental tests ρ ∼ 0.3 fm express itself in Single–particle inclusive PT,h distributions nucleon’s partonic structure? HERMES, COMPASS, JLab12, EIC → Intrinsic transverse momenta Correlations current ↔ target regions EIC → Parton correlations Multiparton interactions Tevatron, LHC Nucleon structure: Parton model
• Q,2 W Hadron as composite system Pointlike constituents with = pz xP interactions of finite range µ µ ∼ µ Relativistic, can create/annhilate particles pT Interactions System moves with P ≫ µ P Constituents’ momenta longitudinal pz = xP transverse pT ∼ µ xf(x) σ ∼ Bjorken T Q2 scaling • Scattering process Q2,W 2 ≫ µ2
Electron scatters from quasi–free constituent with momentum fraction 2 2 2 2 2 f(x) = d pT f(x, pT ) x = Q /(W − MN + Q ) Z Parton density in Transverse momenta integrated over, longit. momentum integral converges pT ∼ µ Nucleon structure: QCD • QCD radiation
Real emissions with pT from ∼ µ to Q ... Virtual radiation renormalizes couplings • Factorization 2 2 p ∼ Q Separation of scales in regime Q ≫ µ ... T Inclusive scttering γ∗N → X: ∼ µ pT Net radiation effect simple Factorization well understood non−pert. interactions ∗ ′ Semi-inclusive γ N → h(low PT )+ X : Radiation effect more complex Final–state interactions of struck parton Factorization more challenging Much progress: Collins 11 → Seminar T. Rogers
Parton density as N| QCD–operator |N , universal, process–independent σT ∼ [parton density] ∼ µ Collins, Soper 82, . . . × [radiation] • Parton transverse momentum × [scattering process] ∼ Q pT ∼ Q pert. QCD, calculable pT ∼ µ nonpert. interactions ← this talk! Chiral symmetry breaking: Physical picture
• Chiral symmetry breaking in QCD L R pert. . Pert. interactions conserve quark chirality L, R . non−pert. LL Non-pert. gluon fields can flip chirality Topological gauge fields, instantons R R L R Condensate of qq¯ pairs ψ¯LψR + ψ¯RψL , ρ ~ 0.3 fm pion as collective excitation Order parameter, Goldstone boson Dynamical mass generation: condensate Constituent quarks, hadron structure
... Euclidean correlation functions → Lattice, analytic methods ...... • Short–range interactions ρ ∼ 0.3 fm New dynamical scale ρ ≪ R Shuryak; Diakonov, Petrov 80’s dynamical mass Gauge–invariant measure of qq¯ pair size ψ¯∇2ψ / ψψ¯ ∼ 1 GeV2 “average virtuality” Lattice: Teper 87, Doi 02, Chiu 03. Instantons: Polyakov, CW 96 valence • How does it affect partonic structure? sea ρ
... Valence quark mostly in configurations of size ∼ R R P Sea quarks in correlated pairs of size . ρ
Can we quantify it? . . . Dynamical model! Chiral symmetry breaking: Dynamical model
• Effective description of χSB Diakonov, Eides 83; Diakonov, Petrov 86 . . . chiral field Constituent quarks/antiquarks with dynamical mass M ∼ 0.3-0.4 GeV M dynamical mass Coupled to chiral field (Goldstone boson) with eff. coupling M/fπ = 3–4 strong!
−2 ¯ − iγ5τπ/fπ Valid up to χSB scale ρ : Leff = ψ i∂/ Me ψ Matching with QCD quarks/gluons