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THE RESEARCH of MEDICINAL PLANTS by Ph. D. STUDIES at FACULTY of PHARMACY CLUJ-NAPOCA (ROMANIA) P

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THE RESEARCH of MEDICINAL PLANTS by Ph. D. STUDIES at FACULTY of PHARMACY CLUJ-NAPOCA (ROMANIA) P Hop and medicinal plants, Year XXI, No. 1-2 (41-42), 2013 ISSN 1454-7805 THE RESEARCH OF MEDICINAL PLANTS BY Ph. D. STUDIES AT FACULTY OF PHARMACY CLUJ-NAPOCA (ROMANIA) P. I. (2004-2007) TĂMAȘ Mircea University of Medicine and Pharmacy Cluj-Napoca, RO [email protected] Abstract. A synthesis of Ph. D. Thesis in the field of medicinal plants research for 2004-2007, at Faculty of Pharmacy Cluj-Napoca (Romania) is presented. The following species were studied botanically, phytochemically and pharmacologically: Veronica (14 sp.), Geranium (8 sp.), Solidago (3 sp.). Anagalis arvensis, Scopolia carnioloica Jacq., Eryngium (3 sp), 8 buds for gemmoterapy, biotransformation of hydrochinine in to arbutoside, in vitro cells culture and the diuretic action for 4 species, in 9 Ph. D. Thesis. Key words: Ph. D. Thesis synthesis, medicinal plants research. In the last 10 years I was supervissor for 18 Ph. D. Thesis, at Pharmaceutical Botany Chair, Faculty of Pharmacy of Uniersity of Medicine and Pharmacy Iuliu Hațieganu Cluj Napoca. These studies have as a subjects the botanical, phytochemical and pharmacological knowledge of the plants, the most of the research having in view the comparative studies of the species belonging to the same genus or family and were a thoroughly continuation of the first research biggining at our chair.For a better knowledge of the original contribution for these plants we present the most important results of the PhD students. 1.Pharmacobotanical studies of some indigenous species of Veronica (Scrophulariaceae) (1). 14 species of Veronica from wild flora of Transilvania were studied. The previous research shows the antiulcer properties of the extract obtained from Veronica officinalis (speedwell) as show the pharmacological experiments in rats (2), then a phytochemical screening of the plant was achieved (3) and hystoanatomical studies, having in view to avoid the adulteration of the officinal herb(4,5). The extracts obtained from V.officinlis herba have a hypolipaemic and hypocolesterolaemic effect (6), and a HPLC analysis of polyphenols and iridoids from Veronica species was performed (7). 36 2. Pharmacobotanical studies on indigenous species of Geranium (8).Previous data for Geranium species show only the benefit properties of G.macrorrhizum extract in the treatment of mous diseases e.g. Aftogeranil(9). In ethnomedicine are used others two species, G. robertianum, in neoplasic deseases and G.pratense in cardiovascular diseases, but no phytochemical or pharmacological proofs are available. The research were extended to a 8 species of Geranium from the wild flora: G.pratense, G.robertianum, G.pyrenaicum, G. pusyllum, G. palustre, G.sanguineum, G.macrorrhizum and G.phaeum (10, 11, 12, 13, 14). In addition a HPLC anaysis of polyphenols from Geranium species were analysed (15, 16). 3. Pharmacobotanical Researh on some indigenous species with triterpenic saponins (17). The our previsous research shows the chemotaxonomique value of flavonoids for Solidago species differentiation(18) and a high content of triterpenic saponins with a high haemolytic index for Solidago canadensis and S.gigantea (19) and for Anagalis arvensis (H. I.=40.000) (17) and a high diuretic index for all specises of Solidago (20). A therapeutic value of Solidago species was presented (22). Dobjanschi and col. estabilished the criteria for the differentiation of the three species of Solidago (21) and a histoanatomical research for these species was achieved (23), whereas the extract of Solidago virgaurea (golden rod)was tested in vitro for the antiinflammatory action by arginine-NO test (24). 4. Scopolia carniolica Jacq. (Solanaceae)- pharmacobotanical studies (25). This is a first, botanaical, phytochemical and biotechnological study for this species from wild flora of Romania, that is very important for pharmacy by their high content in scopolamine. By HPLC analysis was esteblished the content in scopolamine from the rhizoms colected fron wild flora of Counties Cluj and Maramureș (26), and from the adventive roots, cultivated in vitro (27). Also the anatomical structure of vegetative organs was studied (28) whereas the coumaruins from different organs were analysed qualitativelly and quantitativelly by means of HPLC (29). 5.Comparative pharmacobotanical research on indigenous species of genus Eryngium (Apiaceae) (30). In romanian wild flora there are 3 species of Eryngium (E. planum, E. campestre and E. maritimum) but only the former is used in phytotherapy against the whooping cough, beeing a roumanian original remedy, but are not scientific studies for these species. A original contribution to the study of flavonoids by TLC and HPLC analysis (31), the 37 content of total polyphenols, saponins, sterols, pectins, and free triterpenic acids were achieved as well as anatomical research for these species, the haemolytic index determination for isolated saponins and for extracts and the bactericide properties of this (30). 6. The biology, chemical composition and the pharmacological action of some buds used in gemmotherapy (32). The author of this thesis has experience(practices) in the field of gemmotherapic remedies. Eight species of buds were studied histologicaly(the extension of meristematic tissues) (33), chemical composition(34) and a screening of biological activity of buds extracts, inclusively by phytobiological test (35). 7. The Phytomedicine in cardiovascular diseases (36). The author of this thesis, primary physician in inner medicine, have a great experience in pytotherapy (40). He selected four species (Crataegus monogyna, Rosmarinus officinalis, Arnica montana )and performed botanical, pharmacological and clinical experiences and put in evidence the efficiency of Rosmarinus and Crataegus remedies in hypo- and hyper arterial tension (37). Also an analyse of Arnicae flowers by Eur.Pharm. and determined the content of hellenaline, expressed as santonine by HPLC method (37), was analysed, by different techniques, the rosmarinic acid in rosemary leaves (39). 8. The biosyntesis of arbutoside by biotransformation in in vitro cells cultures (41). The presence of am unspecific enzyme, glicosydase, in the cell culture of Digitalis lanata allow the biosynthese the arbutoside from hydroquinone and glucose, added in culture medium. This show the posibility to obtain in vitro, pharmacological active substances by biotechnology. The methods of arbutoside analysis from plants, biomass, liquid medium and extracts are presented (42), the efficiency of biotransformation, depending of different factors (43) and also the analysis of arbutoside from a new resource, Bergenia crassifolia (44). 9. Comparative studies on diuretic action of some medicinal plants (45). The previous our research and phytotherapy literature date allow to select four species (Solidago virgaurea, Calluna vulgaris, Prunus spinosa, Hieracium pilosella) that were tested for diuretic, saluretic, uricosuric and antiinflammatory activity in correlation with their chemical composition (46, 47). 38 References 1. Crișan G. C., (2004), Studii farmacobotanice asupra unor specii indigene de Veronica (Scrophulariaceae), Teză de doctorat UMF Cluj-Napoca. 2. Scarlat A.M., Șandor Vl., Tămaș M., Cuparencu B., (1985), Experimental antiulcer activity of Veronica officinalis extracts, J.of Ethnopharmacol., 13, 157-163 3. Tămaș M., Roșca M., (1984), Studiul fitochimic al plantei Veronica officinalis, Clujul Medical 57(2), 169-172 4. Crișan G., Tămaș M., (2004), Studii morfoanatomice asupra unor specii de Veronica, Rev.Med.Farm.(Tg.Mureș), 50, 14-17 5. Crișan G., Tămaș M., Garbacki N., Angenot L., (2001), Criterii de diferențiere a unor specii de Veronica, Farmacia 49,(6), 67-73 6. Crișan G., Krausz T., Șandor Vl., Tămaș M., Toader S., (2003) Cercetări asupra efectului hipocolestreolemiant al unor specii de Veronica, Clujul Medical, 76(4), 937-940 7. Crișan G., Tămaș M., Miclăuș V., krausz T., Șandor Vl., (2007), A comparative study of some Veronica species. Rev.Med.Chir. Med. Nat.Iași 111(1), 280-284 8. Fodorea C. Ș., (2006) Studii farmacobotanice asupra unor specii indigene de Geranium L., Teză de doctorat UMF Cluj-Napoca 9. Borzea D., Hodișan V., (1986), Rezultate clinice cu preparatul Aftogeranil, Clujul Medical 59(2), 178-182 10. Fodorea C., Tămaș M., (2003) Studii comparative asupra speciilor Geranium robertianum și G.pratense, Rev.Med.Chir.Med.Nat. Iași, 107(2),73-77 11. Fodorea Cristina, Tămaș M., (2004) Cercetări morfologice și anatomice asupra speciei Geranium sanguineum L. Farmacia 52(5), 86-93 12. Fodorea C., Vlase L., Leucuța S., Tămaș M. (2004), Cercetări fitochimice asupra speciei Geranium palustre, Clujul Med. 76(4), 923-926 13. Fodorea C., Tămaș M., (2005) Root, stem and leaf anatomy of Geranium palustre, Rev.Med.Chir.Med.Nat.Iași 109(2), 419-421 39 14. Fodorea C., Pârvu M, Tămaș M., Crișan G., (2003) Phytochemical and morphological study on Geranium macrorrhizum L. And his activity against the fungus Botrytis cinerea. Anal.Univ.Ovidius, 1,73- 78. 15. Fodorea C., Vlase L., Tămaș M., (2005) Phytochemical studies on some indigenous Geranium species, Contrib.Bot.(Cluj-Napoca) 40, 237-242. 16. Fodorea C., Vlase L., Tămaș M., (2005) Phytochemical study on some polyphenols of Geranium pyrenaicum Chem.Nat.Comp. 41(4), 400-403. 17. Dobjanschi L., (2006), Cercetări farmacobotanice asupra unor specii vegetale indigene cu saponine triterpenice, Teză de doctorat UMF Cluj-Napoca. 18. Tămaș M., (1986), Cercetări chemotaxonomice la genul Solidago, Contribuții botanice (Cluj Napoca) 109-113.
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