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By Ivan Turgenev دﺧﺎن {Read Ebook {PDF EPUB IVAN TURGENEV by Ivan Turgenev دﺧﺎن {Read Ebook {PDF EPUB IVAN TURGENEV. Ivan Sergeyevich Turgenev was a 19 th -century Russian writer famous for his novels and short fiction stories ( Fathers and Sons, A Sportman’s Sketches, Rudin, A Nest of Gentlefolk, First Love ). Moscow occupied an important place in Turgenev’s life, having grown up and studied here. His mother’s house has survived to today and is now the site of the Turgenev Museum. It is this house that Turgenev described in his short story, Mumu . Ivan Turgenev was born into a nobleman’s family in Oryol a city located on the Oka River, approximately 360 kilometers south-southwest of Moscow , in 1818. His father Sergey Turgenev married Varvara Lutovinova, when she was about 30 years old. She was six years older than her husband and was not particularly beautiful but was immensely wealthy. They had three sons, Ivan being the second-born. HIS YOUTH IN MOSCOW. Turgenev spent the first five years of his life at his parents’ country estate of Spasskoye-Lutovino Russian: Спасское-Лутовиново , not far from Oryol. The writer-to-be visited Moscow for the first time in 1822 for a visit with his parents and he moved to Moscow for good in 1824, at the age of six. The family came here with the intention to give the children a decent education. At first, the Turgenevs did not have their own home in Moscow and, instead, rented a house on Bolshaya Nikitskaya Stree Russian: Bolshaya Nikitskaya ulitsa or Большая Никитская улица t (present-day Block 1, 57/46, Bolshaya Nikitskaya Street); this is Ivan Turgenev’s first address in Moscow. In the autumn of 1824, his mother Varvara Petrovna purchased a house on Sadovo-Samotyochnaya Street Russian: Sadovo- Samotechnaya ulitsa or Садово-Самотечная улица , but at the beginning of 1825 the head of the household took the children back to the countryside. Turgenev’s biographers still do not know the reason for this hasty departure. The Turgenevs came back to Moscow in 1827. Still eager to give their children a good education, Sergey and Varvara Turgenev enrolled them in a private boarding school run by Weidenhammer, located at the corner of Gagarinsky and Starokonyushenny Lanes Russian: Gagarinskiy i Starokonyushennyi pereulki or Гагаринский и Староконюшенный переулки (the building has not survived). There were about 30 boarding schools in Moscow, but the Turgenevs chose this one, probably because it admitted only the children of the noblest and wealthiest families, trained them to enroll in military schools and included an in-depth and simultaneous study of several foreign languages. Turgenev conveyed this school’s atmosphere in his short story entitled Yakov Pasynkov , whose eponymous protagonist was loosely based on a classmate of Turgenev’s. Ivan Turgenev attended this boarding school intermittently for three years. A cholera outbreak caused this institution to shut, and starting in 1831 Turgenev was homeschooled. His mother invited the school’s best teachers to give private lessons to her sons, including lessons in the Russian, French and Latin languages, mathematics and dancing. The Turgenevs lived at 15, Gagarinsky Lane (Kvashnin-Steingel’s mansion) from 1830 to 1831. The house is still standing. Moving from one address to another every year developed into a routine, which was the usual practice for Muscovite aristocrats who went to their countryside residences in summertime and looked for appropriate housing in Moscow for the winter. The Turgenevs preferred to settle in the Arbat Russian: Арбат quarter, then inhabited mostly by aristocrats. From 1831 to 1832, the Turgenevs rented the still surviving mansion at 24, Sivtsev Vrazhek Lane Russian: pereulok Sivtsev Vrazhek or переулок Сивцев Вражек , and later another house in Kislovsky Lane Russian: Kislovskiy pereulok or Кисловский переулок . In the summer of 1833, while 14-year-old Turgenev was preparing for admission into the Moscow University Russian: Moskovskiy universitet or Московский университет , his parents rented a summer house not far from the Donskoy Monastery Russian: Donskoy monastyir or Донской монастырь . Turgenev would later give a detailed description of this period of his life in First Love . “The affair took place in the summer of 1833. I was living in Moscow, in my parents’ house. They had hired a villa near the Kaluga barrier, opposite the Neskuchny Park. I was preparing for university, but was working very little and was not in a hurry… Our villa consisted of a wooden manor-house with columns and two tiny outlying wings”. Ivan showed extraordinary abilities and became – even before he turned 15 – a first-year student at the Language Arts Department of the Moscow University, admitted on an exceptional basis (9, Mokhovaya Street Russian: ulitsa Mohovaya or улица Моховая , now housing the Faculty of Journalism of the Moscow State University Russian: fakultet zhurnalistiki MGU or факультет журналистики МГУ ). The director of all schools of the Moscow Governorate Russian: Moskovskaya guberniya or Московская губерния saw to it that Ivan was granted admission to the university. He wrote to S. Uvarov, Minister of Education, as follows: “This boy knows so much that he could pass not only this kind of examination, but also the final examinations”. However, Turgenev studied for just one year at the Moscow University, preferring to move to his brother in St. Petersburg, where he enrolled in the History and Philology Department of the St. Petersburg University Russian: Peterburgskiy universitet or Петербургский университет . Upon his graduation in 1838, Turgenev went to Germany for several years. Along with the heritage of world-famous people and great museums, there are many attractions in Moscow, which are not so popular, but still very remarkable. Beautiful temples in the Orthodox style, the unusual architecture of the Russian Middle Ages or the recent Soviet era, ballet and drama theaters – on our website you can learn more about sightseeing in Moscow. The HOUSE ON OSTOZHENKA STREET. While in Berlin, Turgenev received letters from his mother all the time, to which he replied only rarely. In 1840, Varvara Petrovna rented a mansion located on Ostozhenka Street Russian: ulitsa Ostozhenka or улица Остоженка and lived there until her death ten years later. She had never liked her mansion on Sadovo-Samotyochnaya Street and rented it before selling it in 1844. This building has not survived, and building № 12/2, Sadovo-Samotyochnaya Street is located on its site today. Turgenev’s mother called Ivan back to Moscow, hoping that her son would live with her, and the young writer set foot in this house on Ostozhenka Street in May 1841. Later, he would often visit his mother’s, but never remained there long. Turgenev’s biographer, N. Chernov estimated that, in ten years, Turgenev stayed at this house one year and a half at most, mainly on his way from St. Petersburg to his family estate of Spasskoye-Lutovino and back. In ten years, Turgenev stayed at his mother’s house two months in a row on two occasions only. His rooms were located in the mezzanine and the private rooms of Varvara Petrovna were one floor below. Turgenev described this house in his celebrated short story entitled Mumu Russian: Муму : “In one of the outlying streets of Moscow, in a gray house with white columns and a balcony, warped all askew, there once lived a lady, a widow, surrounded by a numerous household of serfs…”. It is here that Gerasim lived, and it is here that he brought from the Krymsky ford Russian: Kryimskiy brod or Крымский брод (on the site of the present-day Krymsky, or Crimean, Bridge Russian: Kryimskiy most or Крымский мост ) a puppet that he rescued from the mud. The characters in Mumu are all based on Varvara Petrovna’s “household of serfs” and Varvara herself. A GUEST IN MOSCOW. Turgenev went to St. Petersburg in 1843. He had tried to obtain a Master’s degree in Philosophy and become a professor at the Moscow University, but was denied due to formalities. In St. Petersburg, Turgenev joined the Ministry of the Interior Russian: Ministerstvo vnutrennih del or Министерство внутренних дел in 1843. One year later, while on leave, he came back to Moscow to visit his mother. He caught a bad cold and had to stay in Moscow until May 1844. Turgenev’s friends in Moscow, whom his mother mockingly called “the learned monkeys”, would often gather in his house, including Yakov Polonsky a leading Pushkinist poet , Timofey Granovsky a founder of mediaeval studies and others. Turgenev was working on a poem, Andrey , at this time. One year later, in April 1845, Turgenev came back to Moscow, this time with a view to attend performances by Pauline Viardot, who then became the love of his life. Turgenev attended all three sold-out concerts given by this celebrated opera singer at the Bolshoi Theatre Russian: Большой театр . When the performances were over, Turgenev showed Pauline Viardot and her husband around the Kremlin and Moscow. Turgenev’s mother did not approve of his infatuation with Pauline, although she recognized her talent: “What a good singer, the ruddy Gypsy!” Turgenev met Pauline Viardot for the first time in St. Petersburg. In October 1843, she went there on tour accompanied by her husband. Turgenev saw her on stage in The Barber of Seville and fell desperately in love with her. He had just turned 25, she was 22, but married. Turgenev met her husband, Louis Viardot, on a hunting trip and, thus, was able to meet Pauline. He might have gone unnoticed among her numerous admirers if it weren’t for his friendship with Louis Viardot, who found it exciting to talk to this Russian intellectual. In May 1845, Turgenev left his post at the Ministry of the Interior to get more free time and, after a while, followed his love to Europe.
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