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IICA Honors Outstanding U.S. Contributions to Agriculture IICA Honors Outstanding Contributions to Agriculture

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IICA Honors Outstanding U.S. Contributions to Agriculture IICA Honors Outstanding Contributions to Agriculture Inter-American Institute for Cooperation on Agriculture Washington, D.C. IICA Honors Outstanding U.S. Contributions to Agriculture IICA Honors Outstanding Contributions to Agriculture Table of Contents Letter from Director General . 3 Letter from U.S. Secretary of Agriculture . 4 Introduction . 5 Honorees . 6 U.S. Agricultural Institutions . 16 About IICA . 18 Acknowledgements . 19 Inter-American Institute for Cooperation on Agriculture (IICA) 1775 K Street N.W. Suite 320 Washington, D.C. 20006 (202) 458-3767 www.iicawash.org Felipe P. Manteiga, Representative in the U.S. 2 INTER-AMERICAN INSTITUTE FOR COOPERATION ON AGRICULTURE Director General IICA’s founding 60 years ago represents the achievement of a long-cherished inter-American aspiration. The year was 1942 and the Second World War had made it necessary to find alternatives for the production of strategic tropical crops. In response, a research and education institute was created. In 1979, this institute was transformed, with a new Convention, into a technical cooperation agency specializing in agriculture and rural well-being. Since its very inception, the visionaries who fostered the creation of IICA recognized the importance of promoting mutual understanding among the leaders of agriculture. Now, at the beginning of this millennium, the Institute has received new mandates from the General Assembly of the Organization of American States and from the Third Summit of the Americas which, rightfully, underscore the role IICA should play in the hemispheric dialogue and in building consensus on the larger issues of development and poverty alleviation in rural areas. After 60 years, we at IICA are rededicating ourselves to reducing social inequities and alleviating rural poverty by promoting sustainable rural development and modernization of the rural sector. Today, 34 IICA Offices work to meet the needs of member countries in areas of trade and agribusiness development, sustainable rural development, agricultural health and food safety, technology and innovation, education and training, and information and communication. The United States has had a special relationship with IICA since it served as one of the founding members. IICA’s Office in Washington, D.C., has played a key role in the development and success of the Institute. Today, the Washington Office houses the new Directorate of Strategic Partnerships, which has been tasked with forging and coordinating alliances with strategic international partners to strengthen the financial and technical base of the Institute. Most importantly, it serves to channel the collective strengths of some of the best and most creative thinking in agriculture and rural development to the rest of the countries of the hemisphere. We express our thanks and appreciation to the Government and people of the United States of America for continued support during these 60 years. Dr. Chelston W.D. Brathwaite Director General IICA INTER-AMERICAN INSTITUTE FOR COOPERATION ON AGRICULTURE 3 U.S. Secretary of Agriculture 4 INTER-AMERICAN INSTITUTE FOR COOPERATION ON AGRICULTURE Introduction I know of no pursuit in which more real and important services can be rendered to any country than by improving its agriculture, its breed of useful animals, and other branches of a husbandman’s cares. George Washington, 1794 s the Inter-American Institute for Cooperation on Agriculture (IICA) approached its 60th anniversary, the IICA Office in the USA sought an appropriate way to Acommemorate this important milestone. Created in 1942, IICA today represents the agricultural progress and aspirations of 34 countries of the Western Hemisphere. Under the leadership of IICA’s Director General Chelston W.D. Brathwaite, IICA Offices in each of its Member States has developed unique anniversary celebrations. The IICA Office in the U.S. decided to honor IICA’s 60 years of promoting rural prosperity in the Americas by recognizing the achievements of the individuals and institutions in the United States that have enriched agriculture across the Americas. Nominations, requested from our colleagues in government, academia and the private sector, resulted in a list of highly accomplished and distinguished individuals. The individuals and institutions presented here represent a broad range of contributions to the many facets of agriculture and rural life, along with many others whose work has enriched the lives of others throughout the hemisphere and around the globe. We gratefully acknowledge the organizations that helped us in this endeavor, especially the National Association of State Departments of Agriculture, the National Association of State Universities and Land-Grant Colleges, and the National Agricultural Library. Thanks to these groups and others who assisted us in promoting the idea of recognizing eminent Americans in agriculture and identifying many of the individuals in the following pages. Felipe P. Manteiga Representative in the U.S. INTER-AMERICAN INSTITUTE FOR COOPERATION ON AGRICULTURE 5 Honorees Perry F. Adkisson directed the USDA Office of Foreign Hugh Hammond Bennett and Ray F. Smith Agricultural Relations and was a member Hugh Hammond Perry Adkisson and of the Inter-American Tropical Agriculture Bennett is known Ray Smith have revo- Committee, which selected the Turrialba as the father of soil lutionized green farm- field office’s location. conservation for his ing with their leader- career-long efforts to ship in the develop- Alice Atwood combat soil erosion Adkisson ment of Integrated Alice Atwood, a and reverse declin- Pest Management leader in botani- ing yields. Bennett (IPM) for which cal bibliography, helped establish the they won the World developed the Plant Soil Erosion Service in the Department of Food Prize in 1997. Science Catalog dur- Interior and became its first director in 1933. Providing a sustain- ing her almost 40 He focused on reforming farming practices able method to control years (1904-1942) at to combat erosion. His efforts, coupled with agricultural pests, the Bureau of Plant the devastation of the Dust Bowl in the Smith IPM brings together Industry and the early 1930s, led to the 1935 creation of the the effective use of Department of Agriculture library. The cata- Soil Conservation Service, now the Natural biological controls, organic compounds, crop log, a unique reference work, is still in use Resources Conservation Service, in the management techniques, and some use of at the National Agricultural Library. Written Department of Agriculture. Bennett received chemical pesticides. IPM enables farmers with S.F. Blake and based on the catalog, many honors during his lifetime, and in 2000 to increase profit margins and reduce nega- her Geographical Guide to the Floras of the was named a charter inductee in the USDA tive environmental impact. Adkisson and World remains a significant publication. Hall of Heroes. Smith helped develop IPM programs for “Miss Atwood’s Catalog” also was a prede- fruit, citrus, alfalfa, soybeans, grain sorghum, cessor to the Bibliography of Agriculture, Clarence Birdseye cotton, peanuts and rice. As a result, the and served as a model for future agricultural Clarence Birdseye United States has reduced its insecticide use bibliographies. revolutionized food by half. Both men have worked to promote processing and mar- IPM globally through their work with the Henry M. Beachell keting by transform- Consortium for International Crop Protection Henry Beachell’s ing the frozen food and the FAO Expert Panel on Integrated Pest contributions to industry. As a fur Control. Today, IPM principles are applied rice farming have trader in Labrador, on food crops around the world. revolutionized rice he noted that when production around the Eskimos preserved their food during artic Ralph Herbert Allee world. Beachell spent winter, the thawed food tasted better than Ralph Herbert 32 years heading the that which had been frozen in the warmer Allee, IICA’s second U.S. Department of temperatures of fall or spring. This led Director General, Agriculture’s rice Birdseye to develop improved methods established the breeding program where he developed of quick freezing, which inhibit large ice organization’s head- varieties that would thrive in the southern crystals from forming and retain the cellular quarters in Turrialba, states and withstand mechanized farming. structure of the food. In 1924 he became Costa Rica. During After retiring from USDA, he went to the one of the founders of General Foods his tenure from 1943 International Rice Research Institute where, Company, later bought by Postum Company, to 1960, Allee was instrumental in the forma- in 1963, he developed IR8, a fast-maturing which became General Foods Corporation. tion of many key IICA programs. He estab- high-yield variety that dramatically increased Birdseye’s invention also led to the birth of lished the graduate school at Turrialba and rice production when it was released to Asian the refrigerated shipping industry and set the initiated the organization’s first agricultural farmers three years later. He spent 20 years foundation for non-traditional agricultural development projects outside Costa Rica. His refining and improving IR8’s pest resistance trade in perishables. efforts were crucial in establishing IICA’s and cooking qualities. Although IR8 has been first regional offices in Uruguay, Cuba and modified and adapted to different climates, Peru for the southern, northern and Andean it remains the basis for 70 percent of the rice zones. Before heading IICA, Allee grown
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