Inter-American Institute for Cooperation on Agriculture Washington, D.C.

IICA Honors Outstanding U.S. Contributions to Agriculture IICA Honors Outstanding Contributions to Agriculture

Table of Contents

Letter from Director General ...... 3

Letter from U.S. Secretary of Agriculture ...... 4

Introduction ...... 5

Honorees ...... 6

U.S. Agricultural Institutions ...... 16

About IICA ...... 18

Acknowledgements ...... 19

Inter-American Institute for Cooperation on Agriculture (IICA) 1775 K Street N.W. Suite 320 Washington, D.C. 20006 (202) 458-3767 www.iicawash.org Felipe P. Manteiga, Representative in the U.S.

2 INTER-AMERICAN INSTITUTE FOR COOPERATION ON AGRICULTURE Director General

IICA’s founding 60 years ago represents the achievement of a long-cherished inter-American aspiration. The year was 1942 and the Second World War had made it necessary to find alternatives for the production of strategic tropical crops. In response, a research and education institute was created. In 1979, this institute was transformed, with a new Convention, into a technical cooperation agency specializing in agriculture and rural well-being. Since its very inception, the visionaries who fostered the creation of IICA recognized the importance of promoting mutual understanding among the leaders of agriculture. Now, at the beginning of this millennium, the Institute has received new mandates from the General Assembly of the Organization of American States and from the Third Summit of the Americas which, rightfully, underscore the role IICA should play in the hemispheric dialogue and in building consensus on the larger issues of development and poverty alleviation in rural areas. After 60 years, we at IICA are rededicating ourselves to reducing social inequities and alleviating rural poverty by promoting sustainable rural development and modernization of the rural sector. Today, 34 IICA Offices work to meet the needs of member countries in areas of trade and agribusiness development, sustainable rural development, agricultural health and food safety, technology and innovation, education and training, and information and communication. The United States has had a special relationship with IICA since it served as one of the founding members. IICA’s Office in Washington, D.C., has played a key role in the development and success of the Institute. Today, the Washington Office houses the new Directorate of Strategic Partnerships, which has been tasked with forging and coordinating alliances with strategic international partners to strengthen the financial and technical base of the Institute. Most importantly, it serves to channel the collective strengths of some of the best and most creative thinking in agriculture and rural development to the rest of the countries of the hemisphere. We express our thanks and appreciation to the Government and people of the United States of America for continued support during these 60 years.

Dr. Chelston W.D. Brathwaite Director General IICA

INTER-AMERICAN INSTITUTE FOR COOPERATION ON AGRICULTURE 3 U.S. Secretary of Agriculture

4 INTER-AMERICAN INSTITUTE FOR COOPERATION ON AGRICULTURE Introduction

I know of no pursuit in which more real and important services can be rendered to any country than by improving its agriculture, its breed of useful animals, and other branches of a husbandman’s cares. George Washington, 1794

s the Inter-American Institute for Cooperation on Agriculture (IICA) approached its 60th anniversary, the IICA Office in the USA sought an appropriate way to Acommemorate this important milestone. Created in 1942, IICA today represents the agricultural progress and aspirations of 34 countries of the Western Hemisphere. Under the leadership of IICA’s Director General Chelston W.D. Brathwaite, IICA Offices in each of its Member States has developed unique anniversary celebrations. The IICA Office in the U.S. decided to honor IICA’s 60 years of promoting rural prosperity in the Americas by recognizing the achievements of the individuals and institutions in the United States that have enriched agriculture across the Americas. Nominations, requested from our colleagues in government, academia and the private sector, resulted in a list of highly accomplished and distinguished individuals. The individuals and institutions presented here represent a broad range of contributions to the many facets of agriculture and rural life, along with many others whose work has enriched the lives of others throughout the hemisphere and around the globe. We gratefully acknowledge the organizations that helped us in this endeavor, especially the National Association of State Departments of Agriculture, the National Association of State Universities and Land-Grant Colleges, and the National Agricultural Library. Thanks to these groups and others who assisted us in promoting the idea of recognizing eminent Americans in agriculture and identifying many of the individuals in the following pages.

Felipe P. Manteiga Representative in the U.S.

INTER-AMERICAN INSTITUTE FOR COOPERATION ON AGRICULTURE 5 Honorees

Perry F. Adkisson directed the USDA Office of Foreign Hugh Hammond Bennett and Ray F. Smith Agricultural Relations and was a member Hugh Hammond Perry Adkisson and of the Inter-American Tropical Agriculture Bennett is known Ray Smith have revo- Committee, which selected the Turrialba as the father of soil lutionized green farm- field office’s location. conservation for his ing with their leader- career-long efforts to ship in the develop- Alice Atwood combat soil erosion Adkisson ment of Integrated Alice Atwood, a and reverse declin- Pest Management leader in botani- ing yields. Bennett (IPM) for which cal bibliography, helped establish the they won the World developed the Plant Soil Erosion Service in the Department of Food Prize in 1997. Science Catalog dur- Interior and became its first director in 1933. Providing a sustain- ing her almost 40 He focused on reforming farming practices able method to control years (1904-1942) at to combat erosion. His efforts, coupled with agricultural pests, the Bureau of Plant the devastation of the Dust Bowl in the Smith IPM brings together Industry and the early 1930s, led to the 1935 creation of the the effective use of Department of Agriculture library. The cata- Soil Conservation Service, now the Natural biological controls, organic compounds, crop log, a unique reference work, is still in use Resources Conservation Service, in the management techniques, and some use of at the National Agricultural Library. Written Department of Agriculture. Bennett received chemical pesticides. IPM enables farmers with S.F. Blake and based on the catalog, many honors during his lifetime, and in 2000 to increase profit margins and reduce nega- her Geographical Guide to the Floras of the was named a charter inductee in the USDA tive environmental impact. Adkisson and World remains a significant publication. Hall of Heroes. Smith helped develop IPM programs for “Miss Atwood’s Catalog” also was a prede- fruit, citrus, alfalfa, soybeans, grain sorghum, cessor to the Bibliography of Agriculture, Clarence Birdseye cotton, peanuts and rice. As a result, the and served as a model for future agricultural Clarence Birdseye United States has reduced its insecticide use bibliographies. revolutionized food by half. Both men have worked to promote processing and mar- IPM globally through their work with the Henry M. Beachell keting by transform- Consortium for International Crop Protection Henry Beachell’s ing the frozen food and the FAO Expert Panel on Integrated Pest contributions to industry. As a fur Control. Today, IPM principles are applied rice farming have trader in Labrador, on food crops around the world. revolutionized rice he noted that when production around the Eskimos preserved their food during artic Ralph Herbert Allee world. Beachell spent winter, the thawed food tasted better than Ralph Herbert 32 years heading the that which had been frozen in the warmer Allee, IICA’s second U.S. Department of temperatures of fall or spring. This led Director General, Agriculture’s rice Birdseye to develop improved methods established the breeding program where he developed of quick freezing, which inhibit large ice organization’s head- varieties that would thrive in the southern crystals from forming and retain the cellular quarters in Turrialba, states and withstand mechanized farming. structure of the food. In 1924 he became Costa Rica. During After retiring from USDA, he went to the one of the founders of General Foods his tenure from 1943 International Rice Research Institute where, Company, later bought by Postum Company, to 1960, Allee was instrumental in the forma- in 1963, he developed IR8, a fast-maturing which became General Foods Corporation. tion of many key IICA programs. He estab- high-yield variety that dramatically increased Birdseye’s invention also led to the birth of lished the graduate school at Turrialba and rice production when it was released to Asian the refrigerated shipping industry and set the initiated the organization’s first agricultural farmers three years later. He spent 20 years foundation for non-traditional agricultural development projects outside Costa Rica. His refining and improving IR8’s pest resistance trade in perishables. efforts were crucial in establishing IICA’s and cooking qualities. Although IR8 has been first regional offices in Uruguay, Cuba and modified and adapted to different climates, Peru for the southern, northern and Andean it remains the basis for 70 percent of the rice zones. Before heading IICA, Allee grown globally. In 1996, Beachell shared the World Food Prize with Gurdev Khush.

6 INTER-AMERICAN INSTITUTE FOR COOPERATION ON AGRICULTURE Honorees

Norman E. Borlaug Albert “Scaff” Brown George Washington Norman Borlaug’s Albert L. “Scaff” Brown worked on rural Carver work to feed the hun- development in Latin America through both George Washington gry ignited what is government and private consulting concerns. Carver produced known today as the He spent 18 years as a foreign service offi- great accomplish- “Green Revolution.” cer with the U.S. Agency for International ments in agricultural In 1970, he became Development. Brown’s last post was as chief research and in race the only agricultural of the rural development office for Latin relations in the United scientist to win the America and the Caribbean. There he guided States. Born a slave Nobel Peace Prize. Having seen the devasta- USAID support to modernize agriculture in 1864, he became one of the pre-eminent tion of crop failures during the Dust Bowl, and to establish non-traditional exports as scientists of his day. Carver is remembered he dedicated his life’s work to promoting the options for the rural poor. Mr. Brown’s most especially for his work with peanuts, from benefits of high-yield farming. More than enduring legacy was his development of which he made more than 300 products, anyone, Borlaug’s work helped ensure that, the agency’s project design and evaluation including a milk substitute, face powder, except in sub-Saharan Africa, global food system. From 1986 until he retired in 1994, printer’s ink and soap. He also created more production has expanded faster than human as executive vice president of Chemonics than 75 products from pecans and over 100 population, averting mass starvation and International, he continued to promote the from sweet potatoes. In 1896, he joined the helping feed over a billion people. He began eradication of rural poverty through competi- faculty of Tuskegee Institute (now Tuskegee his work in Mexico at what evolved into tive agriculture. University) where he began to focus on soil the International Maize and Wheat Center. conservation and improved crop production. There he helped develop dwarf spring wheat Howard G. Buffett In the 1920s, he worked to improve race especially suited to high-yield farming and Howard G. Buffett is relations, working with organizations like the cereals insensitive to the hours of light in Chairman of Lindsay Commission on Inter-Racial Cooperation and a day. His work later took him to Latin Manufacturing, a the YMCA. Three years before his death in America, Asia, Africa, India and Pakistan. worldwide leader in 1943, he gave his life’s savings to Tuskegee Borlaug continues to lead the advocacy of the manufacturing of Institute, which used the funds to establish scientific solutions to address food security agricultural irriga- a research foundation in his name. Carver and hunger. tion products. He also received many awards for his accomplish- serves as President ments, and in 1951, the George Washington Earl N. Bressman of The Howard G. Carver National Monument was established Earl N. Bressman Buffett Foundation, a private foundation that on 210 acres of the Missouri farm where he served as IICA’s first supports conservation initiatives. Buffett was born. Director General actively supports numerous conservation (1942-1943). Working efforts and his writings and wild life photog- Robert F. Chandler, Jr. from offices in raphy focus on seeking sound economic and Robert Chandler, Jr., Washington D.C., political solutions to the problem of feeding through his efforts as Bressman achieved a growing population while preserving the founding director of legal representation world’s biodiversity. His book, On the Edge: the International Rice for IICA in the United States and Costa Rica Balancing Earth’s Resources, explores the Research Institute and managed the approval and ratification partnership between biodiversity and high (IRRI), led the devel- of the Multilateral Convention of IICA. He yield agricultural production. Mr. Buffett opment of high-yield was responsible for the structuring of IICA’s has received the Aztec Eagle Award from rice plants. These new research and education programs, as well as the President of Mexico, the highest honor varieties, increased the physical construction in 1943 of the first bestowed to a foreign citizen by the Mexican rice production in Asia by 66 percent, avert- field office, located in Turrialba, Costa Rica. government. ing a potential famine. After 10 years with He established five program areas: agricul- IRRI, he became founding director of the tural engineering, animal production, ento- Asian Vegetable Research and Development mology, plant production and soils. Center in Taiwan. There he headed efforts to develop varieties of vegetables suitable to the tropics. He worked with The Near East Foundation, the Ford and Rockefeller

INTER-AMERICAN INSTITUTE FOR COOPERATION ON AGRICULTURE 7 Honorees

foundations and the U.S. Agency for Thad Cochran Eligio “Kika” de la Garza International Development. Chandler has Thad Cochran has Eligio “Kika” de la received numerous international awards, served in the U.S. Garza served 32 years including the World Food Prize, and the Senate for more than in the U.S. House Presidential End Hunger Award. 20 years, creating a of Representatives. strong legacy in agri- When he became César Chávez culture, education, Chairman of the César Chávez was and wildlife conserva- Committee on hailed as “a spe- tion. He wrote key Agriculture, he was cial prophet for the provisions in the farm the first Hispanic world’s farm work- bills of 1985, 1990, and 1996 and authored to chair a standing committee since 1917. ers.” He was a farm the legislation creating the marketing loan Under his leadership, the Agriculture worker from child- program for cotton and rice, considered one Committee passed three omnibus farm bills hood who struggled of the most successful agriculture programs and other measures to assist agriculture, to empower, protect, ever enacted. He has helped fund agricul- encourage rural economic development and and enfranchise those forgotten ones who ture, forestry and aquaculture facilities at improve human nutrition. His committee labor to create America’s bounty. Raised in several universities. Cochran also helped established target prices for goods, created migrant camps, Chávez left school after the create a program for sharing U.S. agri- disaster assistance for farmers and ranchers sixth grade. However, his lack of formal edu- cultural know-how through the Cochran who lost production to natural disasters, and cation did not hinder his fight to improve the Fellowship Program. The program, run by formulated programs to distribute govern- lives of farm workers. In 1962 he founded the Department of Agriculture’s Foreign ment-owned commodities to impoverished the National Farm Workers Association, Agricultural Service, has provided non-aca- citizens. He also worked to strengthen envi- which in 1966 became the United Farm demic training in the U.S. for 7,600 partici- ronmental protection for agricultural lands. Workers and represented up to 50,000 work- pants from 81 countries. In 1978 he received the Order of the Aztec ers. His goal was to provide better pay and Eagle from Mexican President José López safer working conditions through organizing Alain de Janvry Portillo, which is the highest honor Mexico the union and through non-violent protests. Alain de Janvry, can bestow on a foreigner. In 1994, Chávez was posthumously awarded one of the world’s the Medal of Freedom, America’s highest leading agricultural Ray A. Goldberg civilian honor. development econo- Ray Goldberg devel- mists, is professor oped agribusiness Mary-Dell Chilton of Agriculture and analytical concepts Mary-Dell Chilton led Resource Economics that became the key a team that developed at the University inspiration in trans- the first genetically of California, Berkeley. His more than forming U.S. and engineered commer- 150 published articles, several books and global agri-food sys- cial crops. Chilton monographs reflect the concerns driving his tems. Together with John H. Davis, he devel- and her colleagues research: alleviating poverty by focusing oped the Agribusiness Program at Harvard modified tobacco on the welfare of rural households and the Business School and headed the program plants to be resistant search for programs and policies that will for almost 30 years. He has authored and to crown gall disease. The disease com- reduce the incidence of poverty. His research supervised the development of over 1000 monly afflicts broad-leaved plants such as efforts include work on demand analysis, case studies on the global food system. grapes, stone fruits and ornamentals. Their land reform, rural development, and manag- Goldberg also was the founding president of method involved inserting a foreign gene ing conflict between aid and trade. His find- the International Agribusiness Management through a bacterium that normally affects ings and advocacy to eradicate rural poverty Association. One of Goldberg’s current the host plant. Her current research focuses have successfully shifted the focus from challenges is devising better ways to inform on improving the technology for introducing solely agricultural solutions to a more com- consumers about the safety and improved new genes into plants. Chilton was elected to prehensive approach to the rural economy. nutritional value of new foods, as more the National Academy of Sciences in 1985. He has been an advisor to the governments genetically modified, environmentally sound She received the Benjamin Franklin Award of the Dominican Republic, India, Mexico, products are available. for Life Sciences in 2002, joining laure- Ecuador, Argentina, Columbia and Chile. ates that include Alexander Graham Bell, Thomas Edison, Albert Einstein and Stephen Hawking.

8 INTER-AMERICAN INSTITUTE FOR COOPERATION ON AGRICULTURE Honorees

Claudio Gonzalez-Vega until it was abolished in 1993. He sponsored and development pioneered participatory Claudio Gonzalez- legislation assisting the Women, Infants research techniques and narrowed the gap Vega directs the rural and Children feeding programs. Hall has between research and farmers in developing finance program at received U.S. and worldwide recognition for countries. Ohio State University. his efforts on behalf of the world’s poor and The program is rec- hungry. Leslie R. Holdridge ognized globally as a Leslie R. Holdridge leader in the analysis Arnel R. Hallauer is best known for his and promotion of rural Arnel R. Hallauer’s invention in 1947 financial markets in developing countries and work with quantita- of the Life Zones of economies in transition. His well articulated tive genetics in plant the World ecological analysis and advocacy played a central role breeding has led to classification system in transforming the Latin American and the development as a way to interpret Caribbean rural financial industry from one of superior corn and explain the great based on subsidized and unsustainable solu- hybrids worldwide. diversity of tropical ecosystems. Holdridge’s tions to one guided by market driven, com- His achievements work was based on “biotemperature” (all petitive approaches where micro and small provided a clearer understanding of the temperatures above freezing and plant dor- producers could access improved financial inheritance of quantitative traits and allowed mancy) rather than degrees latitude or meters services. for the development of more effective breed- of elevation as were previously used. The ing methods. Since the 1960s, he has added Holdridge Life Zone model has been used Carlos M. Gutierrez valuable traits like drought tolerance and extensively throughout the tropical coun- Carlos M. Gutierrez, chairman and CEO of disease and insect resistance to U.S. Corn tries of Central and South America and the Kellogg Company, heads the world’s largest Belt lines by crossing them with exotic vari- Caribbean as a frame of reference for agri- producer of cereal and a leading producer eties. Hallauer’s research has had a global cultural improvement experiments. NASA of many other foods. The company has pro- impact on plant breeding programs, and he incorporated Holdridge’s work in its models jected annual sales of more than $9 billion. has assisted maize scientists all over the of climate change. Holdridge served as direc- Gutierrez began his almost 30-year career world. In 1989, Hallauer was elected to the tor of IICA from 1951 to 1952 and headed its with Kellogg in 1975 as a sales representa- National Academy of Sciences and received department of natural resources until 1960. tive in Mexico City. Gutierrez is a co-trustee the Agronomic Achievement Award of the of the W.K. Kellogg Foundation Trust. One American Society of Agronomy. In 1992, Virginia H. Holsinger of the world’s largest private foundations he was inducted in the USDA Agricultural Virginia H. Holsinger’s for more than 60 years, the W.K. Kellogg Research Service Science Hall of Fame. work with dairy prod- Foundation has awarded grants in the U.S., ucts has enriched the Latin America, the Caribbean and southern Peter E. Hildebrand health of needy people Africa to reduce poverty, improve health and Peter E. Hildebrand worldwide. She cre- empower people to help themselves. directs the interna- ated a whey-soy drink tional programs of mix that replaces non- Tony P. Hall the Institute of Food fat dry milk in interna- Tony P. Hall serves and Agricultural tional food donation programs. Holsinger’s as U.S. Ambassador Sciences at the most widely-know effort is the development to the United Nations University of Florida. of the enzyme treatment that makes milk agencies in Rome. Hildebrand joined digestible for those with lactose intoler- Hall has been nomi- the University following 15 years of living ance. She also led a team that developed a nated three times for abroad and working on development pro- corn-soy blend that delivers the full nutri- the Nobel Peace Prize grams. He developed many of the ideas that tional needs of hungry people and is easily for his efforts to alle- are the foundation for the Farming Systems prepared without cooking, a product saving viate world hunger and improve international Research and Extension methodology, and lives in refugee camps and disaster centers human rights. As a congressman, he was a he was the founding president of the global around the world. Holsinger has received founding member of the Select Committee Association for Farming Systems Research many honors from USDA, as well as from on Hunger and served as its chair from 1989 and Extension. Hildebrand’s research on the American Chemical Society, the Institute farming systems, gender analysis, small-farm of Food Technologists and others. livelihood systems and tropical conservation

INTER-AMERICAN INSTITUTE FOR COOPERATION ON AGRICULTURE 9 Honorees

Floyd P. Horn Edward F. Knipling Alex McCalla Floyd Horn is the Raymond C. Bushland Alex McCalla Administrator of Drs. Edward Knipling is Professor of the Agricultural and Raymond Agricultural Research Service of Bushland are ento- Economics, Emeritus, the U.S. Department mologists renowned at the University of Agriculture. In for their development of California, that role he oversees Knipling of the Sterile Insect Davis. After join- national and inter- Technique (SIT), ing the faculty at the national research in improved crop and an environmentally University of California, Davis in 1966, he livestock production, pest management, sound way to control became Dean of the College of Agricultural livestock diseases, food safety and biotech- pests that threaten Economics in 1970. Additionally, McCalla nology, human nutrition, and sustainable livestock and crop served as study director of the first review agriculture. In 2001 he served in the White production. They of the International Agricultural Research House Office of Homeland Security as the began developing Centers of the Consultative Group in first Director of Food, Agriculture and Water Bushland the technique in the International Agricultural Research. He also Security, thus helping to secure the safety 1940s while work- chaired the Group’s Technical Advisory of the American food supply as well as the ing in a U.S. Department of Agriculture Committee. As Director of the World one-sixth of all American jobs that are tied laboratory in Texas. The technique uses the Bank’s Agricultural and Natural Resources to agriculture. Horn has always promoted release of sterile male pests to reduce the Department from 1994 to 1999, McCalla broad-based international cooperation, espe- reproductive capability of the species. SIT revitalized the Bank’s rural development cially with Latin America, South Africa, has been used to eradicate populations of agenda. He also co-authored the book, the Former States of the Soviet Union, and screw worm, which can decimate cattle and Agricultural Policies and World Markets the Middle East. He was honored in both other livestock, as well as pests that threaten and led a congressionally mandated study 1992 and 1999 for his initiative and excel- fruit, vegetables and fiber crops. In 1954, SIT published in 1986 titled Export Embargoes, lence in developing innovative research eliminated the screw worm population on Surplus Disposal and U.S. Agriculture. programs, with Presidential Rank Awards for the island of Curacao in only seven weeks. Meritorious Service. He also received the Knipling and Bushland received the World Barbara McClintock Doctoris Honoris Causa from Universidad Food Prize in 1992 for their work. Barbara McClintock Autónoma de Nuevo León in 1995, and the won the Nobel Prize Alfonso Reyes Golden Medallion of Honor Richard G. Lugar in Medicine in 1983 for his contributions to research, in 1999. Richard G. Lugar, for her discovery U.S. Senator from 30 years earlier of Austin, Oliver and Leslie Hubbard Indiana since 1976, “jumping genes.” The Hubbard brothers, Austin, Oliver and has a long history in Studying the rela- Leslie, revolutionized the poultry industry in agriculture. He man- tionship between the 1920s with the development of chickens ages his family’s 604- plant reproduction and genetic mutations in resistant to pullorum, a costly and persistent acre farm producing maize, McClintock discovered that genes disease. Later the brothers focused on poul- corn, soybeans and move around within chromosomes. She also try genetics, developing the New Hampshire walnuts. As Chair of the Senate Agriculture showed how certain genes were responsible Red, a popular meat and egg chicken in the Committee, he built bi-partisan support for for the expression or suppression of specific 1950s. They continued to work on enhancing federal farm program reforms and the 1996 characteristics such as the color of leaves or both egg and meat strains, leading to dramat- Farm Bill. Lugar has promoted broader risk kernels. Her work did not reflect the com- ic improvements in productivity, feed con- management options of farmers, research mon wisdom of molecular biology at the version and hardiness. They helped expand advancements, increased export opportuni- time and was widely ignored until years later availability of wholesome, low-cost protein ties and higher net farm income. He also led when its impact was better understood. She to people around the world. In their later initiatives to streamline the Department of was the third woman elected to the National years, they continued to support initiatives to Agriculture, reform the food stamp program Academy of Sciences and the first to become improve living conditions in underdeveloped and require daily price reporting by packers. president of the Genetics Society of America. countries. Today, almost half the world’s Additionally, he led 1996’s successful oppo- In addition to the Nobel Prize, she was chickens have lineage that traces back to sition to efforts to replace the school lunch awarded the National Medal of Science by Hubbard Farms. program with block grants. In 1998, Lugar President Nixon and was the first to receive authored a law providing funding for com- the MacArthur Foundation Grant. petitive agricultural research grants.

10 INTER-AMERICAN INSTITUTE FOR COOPERATION ON AGRICULTURE Honorees

Peter McPherson safe use of new tools in molecular biology Frank J. Mulhern Peter McPherson, for crop and livestock improvement. During Frank J. Mulhern now the President his career, Mackenzie worked at many inter- headed the of Michigan State national agriculture research centers includ- Agricultural Research University, has found ing the International Center for Maize and Service’s Animal success in academia, Wheat Improvement, the International Rice Health Division when banking, govern- Research Institute, the Asian Vegetable and the landmark 1966 ment, and law with Development Center in Taiwan, and served Laboratory Animal one unifying theme: on the Board of Trustees of the International Welfare Act was promoting the development of third world Potato Center. passed. Mulhern led and supported the writ- and developing countries. As head of the ing of the first regulations and standards that U.S. Agency for International Development Foster E. Mohrhardt made enforcement of the act possible. He (USAID), he managed missions in 70 coun- Foster E. Mohrhardt later received the Albert Schweitzer Medal tries, and oversaw peak funding for agricul- led the moderniza- for his dedicated implementation of the act tural development. One of the founders and tion of U.S. agri- despite inadequate funding. Mulhern also co-chairs of the Partnership to Cut Hunger cultural libraries had a leadership role in cooperation between in Africa, McPherson has linked America’s when he directed Mexico and the United States from 1947 to farmers with efforts to increase food produc- the transition of the 1952 to halt a massive outbreak of foot and tion in Africa by harnessing the power of U.S. Department of mouth disease. Mulhern became the first information technology and biotechnology. Agriculture’s library Administrator of USDA’s Animal and Plant He is the recipient of many honors includ- into the National Health Inspection Service. ing the UNICEF Award for Outstanding Agricultural Library in 1962. Mohrhardt Contribution to Child Survival and the directed the library from 1954 to 1968. John S. Niederhauser U.S. Presidential Certificate of Outstanding Under his tenure, the library was housed John S. Niederhauser, Achievement. McPherson is the current in a new building in Beltsville, Maryland, the 1990 recipient of chairman of the Board for International Food its catalog published in book form, and the World Food Prize, and Agricultural Development (BIFAD). computerization of its catalog and indexing has been a decades- This influential institution advises the U.S. begun. Mohrhardt was a founder and first long leader in potato Government on its foreign aid to support president of the International Association of research. Niederhauser rural development primarily through the sci- Agricultural Librarians and Documentalists. discovered that ence and technologies of the U.S. land grant Mexico was the place colleges and universities. C. Manly Molpus of origin of the pathogen that causes potato C. Manly Molpus is late blight, which caused the Irish famine in David R. MacKenzie a world leader of the the 1840s. He led efforts to develop blight David R. MacKenzie, U.S. agri-food com- resistant potatoes that require fewer chemical a respected scientist, munity. He serves fungicides, enabling farmers to grow them author, adminis- as President and with reduced cost and risk. Niederhauser trator and policy CEO of the Grocery aided in the development of strong national analyst, directed Manufacturers of potato development programs in Mexico, the Northeastern America, the world’s Pakistan, Colombia, India and Turkey. These Regional Association largest association of food, beverage and countries doubled or tripled their potato acre- of State Agricultural packaged goods companies. Together, these age and productivity. He founded several Experiment Stations. In that position, he companies represent annual U.S. sales of international organizations dedicated to shar- also served as vice-chair of the Homeland more than $460 billion and employ 2.5 mil- ing and promoting the efforts of the scientists Agro-Security Task Force, whose purpose is lion workers. He advises major agri-food working on potato programs. These include to protect U.S. agriculture and food systems organizations including the Stedman Center the International Potato Center in Lima, from terrorist attack. Previously, he had been for Nutritional Studies at Duke University Peru, and the Regional Cooperative Potato the national program leader for biotechnolo- and the Center for Food and Nutrition Policy. Program linking Mexico, Central America, gy programs with USDA’s Cooperative State He is a director of the Congressional Hunger Panama and the Caribbean. Research, Education, and Extension Service. Center and in 2001 was appointed to the MacKenzie gave particular attention to the USDA/USTR Agriculture Policy Advisory Committee for Trade.

INTER-AMERICAN INSTITUTE FOR COOPERATION ON AGRICULTURE 11 Honorees

Wilson Popenoe and other tropical regions. Raun also served percent. In Africa, he promoted agroforestry Wilson Popenoe as executive director of the MidAmercia as a way of replenishing depleted soils. The can be credited International Agricultural Consortium, devel- 150,000 small farmers using the method have with bringing many oping research partnerships between the five seen yield increases as great as 400 percent. tropical foods onto consortium universities and their counter- Sanchez has been named chair of the United the tables of those in parts in Mexico. Nations Task Force on World Hunger. He non-tropical countries won the World Food Prize in 2002. and with improv- Harold M. Riley ing the economy of Harold M. Riley’s G. Edward Schuh those tropical producer countries. As an career has been dedi- G. Edward Schuh is agricultural explorer for the U.S. Department cated to improving recognized interna- of Agriculture, he traveled to research and food and agricultural tionally as an expert obtain cuttings or seeds of choice varieties marketing systems in economics and of fruits such as avocado, mango, papaya, in Latin America. agriculture. He cur- and cherimoya. His Manual of Tropical and Through field rently directs the Subtropical Fruits, first published in 1920 research, advisory Freeman Center and reprinted most recently in 1974, is still and training programs in Brazil, Costa Rica, for International considered the standard work on the subject. Columbia, Ecuador and Mexico, he made a Economic Policy at the Hubert H. After leaving USDA, he worked for United major contribution in developing an appro- Humphrey Institute of Public Affairs, Fruit Company, founding the company’s priate framework for analyzing marketing University of Minnesota. Additionally, he Lancetilla Agricultural Experiment Station systems, identifying constraints, and outlin- chaired the Board for International Food in Honduras. He also was the founding ing action programs for marketing improve- and Agricultural Development (BIFAD). director of Escuela Agrícola Panamericana ment. Riley’s emphasis on the importance of Schuh was a program advisor for the Ford in Honduras. Zamorano, as this center of a multi-disciplinary approach is exemplified Foundation in Brazil. He served as Deputy excellence is popularly known, has trained by his work at Michigan State University. Under Secretary for International Affairs generations of highly respected agricultural There, work on marketing systems develop- and Commodity Programs at the U.S. leaders in Latin America and the Caribbean ment brought together faculty and students Department of Agriculture and as direc- and has served as a global model. Popenoe’s from the colleges of agriculture, business and tor of agriculture and rural development at achievements were honored with numerous communications in collaborative projects in the World Bank. Schuh has received five awards from the United States and countries Puerto Rico, Columbia, Brazil, Costa Rica professional awards from the American throughout Latin America. and Bolivia. Riley provided significant help Agricultural Economics Association and sin- to the development of the Inter-American gular recognition for his work in Brazil. Ned S. Raun Center for Marketing, and his research has Ned S. Raun has man- provided resource for training materials Nevin S. Scrimshaw aged international used throughout the hemisphere. Because Nevin Scrimshaw agriculture research of Riley’s work, millions of lives have been founded and heads the programs through- improved as export growth creates jobs and International Nutrition out Latin America, sustainable incomes for rural families. Foundation, where he Africa and Asia continues his lifelong for over 40 years. Pedro Sanchez work of reducing Working through the Pedro Sanchez has world hunger and Rockefeller Foundation, Raun developed enriched literally thou- finding creative local livestock research and training programs in sands of lives around solutions to nutrient deficiencies. In 1949, he Mexico, Colombia and other Latin American the world through his became the founding director of the Institute countries. He participated in the founding work to transform of Nutrition of Central America and Panama. of the Centro Internacional de Agricultura depleted soil into While there, he developed INCAPARINA, Tropical in Cali, Colombia, where he also productive agricul- a food made from cotton-seed flour and directed the beef production systems pro- tural land. As leader maize to provide an affordable native protein gram. With Winrock International, Raun of North Carolina State’s Rice Research source for children suffering from kwashi- directed the development of research and Team in Peru, Sanchez helped Peruvians orkor, a deadly disease attacking children education programs in Sub-Saharan Africa become rice self-sufficient within three years. whose diets are protein poor. In 1967, he In Brazil, Sanchez headed a soil manage- developed BALAHAR, made from peanut ment effort that enriched 75 million acres of flour and wheat, which helped alleviate a previously infertile soil, increasing yields 60

12 INTER-AMERICAN INSTITUTE FOR COOPERATION ON AGRICULTURE Honorees

famine in India. He also devised a method, during the Depression and World War II. Suarez was part of a team that in 1997 iden- now used throughout Central and Latin Stanley also directed the first national study tified and created a vaccine for H5N1, a America, to iodize local salt to prevent goi- of rural housing and the consumer purchase new avian influenza strain that crossed over ter. In 1975, he organized the World Hunger survey. Her guidance helped address gaps to humans with deadly results. His work Program for the United Nations University in nutritional knowledge and launch edu- there helped ensure that the H5N1 influenza and directed the Program’s food and nutri- cational programs in Brazil, Venezuela and did not cause a global pandemic, as other tion activities until 1998. Scrimshaw was the Mexico. influenza strains have done. Suarez has also World Food Prize laureate in 1991. developed a rapid diagnostic test that can be John D. Strasma performed by labs that do not routinely work Rodney Sharp John D. Strasma, on influenza viruses. The test is being used in Rodney Sharp helps Professor Emeritus live bird markets in Virginia and the north- people in agriculture at the University eastern United States. For his work on avian survive economically of Wisconsin, flu, Suarez received a Presidential Early uncertain times. As an Department of Career Award for Scientists and Engineers. agriculture economist Agricultural and for the Colorado State Applied Economics, H. David Thurston University Cooperative has made many con- H. David Thurston Extension, he has tributions to the university’s Land Tenure has made valuable provided direct assistance to farmers and Center. Among his many achievements, contributions in over ranchers, teaching thousands how to keep Strasma served as Chief of Party of the 46 years of teaching clear financial records and create enterprise, Center’s programs in Chile for four years and research on root partial and whole-farm budgeting. Through and helped set the terms of Nicaraguan and tuber crops like his involvement with the Farm Management bonds offered to land owners as compensa- potatoes and cassava. Team, Sharp also provided in-depth finan- tion for property taken under Sandinista gov- Thurston has worked cial management workshops teaching skills ernment land reforms. He also directed the to identify practical, for individuals to evaluate their economic University’s Center for Development, which sustainable ways to manage plant disease in health. He designed software programs to serves the mid-career educational needs of traditional farmer systems. He has written complement the Integrated Farm Financial development staff from around the world. books on this topic as well as slash/mulch Statements developed by Oklahoma State Governments around the globe continue to agricultural systems and tropical plant dis- University. With Sharp’s additions, producers seek his expertise on land reform, taxation, eases. After 11 years in Colombia, South can compute break-even prices and evaluate public finance and international trade. Prior America, as a member of an interdisciplinary the price and profit potential of alternative to joining the university, Strasma worked team of Rockefeller Foundation scientists, he production and marketing strategies. Under with the Peruvian Ministry of Finance, the joined Cornell University’s Plant Pathology his leadership, the group developed a con- United Nations Institute in Senegal and UN and International Agriculture Program. ference designed to provide tools to USDA Secretariat in New York, the University Under his guidance, many students have agencies and others to support non-tradition- of Chile and the Federal Reserve Bank of participated in interdisciplinary courses on al, innovative resource-based enterprises. Boston. In 1999, he received the McCain/ tropical agriculture in Latin America and the Fulbright Distinguished Faculty Chair in Caribbean. Thurston has supported efforts Louise Stanley Property Systems at the Centre of Property allowing more than a thousand Cornell Louise Stanley institutionalized the study Studies, University of New Brunswick. students to participate in an annual two- of home economics at the federal level week field trip to the Western Hemisphere and was a driving force in its acceptance David L. Suarez tropics. He established a working group on as an academic discipline. She became David L. Suarez has mulch-based agriculture and served five the first woman to head a bureau in the completed research years as chairman of the board of directors U.S. Department of Agriculture when she explaining how chick- of the Consortium for International Crop was named chief of the Bureau of Home ens and turkeys con- Protection. Economics in 1923. During her tenure, the tract avian influenza Bureau developed four basic diet plans for and made contribu- families of different income levels. These tions to new vaccines plans were used widely by the government to treat the disease. Working with the U.S. Department of Agriculture’s Agricultural Research Service,

INTER-AMERICAN INSTITUTE FOR COOPERATION ON AGRICULTURE 13 Honorees

Norman Uphoff Christine Vladimiroff Morris D. Whitaker Norman Uphoff Christine Vladimiroff Morris D. Whitaker directs the Cornell works to eliminate has spent almost International Institute hunger in the United 30 years promoting for Food, Agriculture States and around the and developing pro- and Development globe. Vladimiroff grams in economics (CIIFAD), continuing chairs the Board of and rural develop- his 25 years of work Directors of Bread ment. Whitaker has in rural development. for the World, an worked in most Latin His focus has been on advocacy organization American coun- community-based natural resource manage- seeking justice for the hungry by advocating tries, with the bulk of his efforts in Brazil, ment, sustainable agriculture, and local insti- their needs to lawmakers. She previously Ecuador, Panama, Bolivia and the Dominican tutions. Through CIIFAD, Uphoff works to served seven years as President and CEO Republic. He is the author of seven books enhance social and human potential as well of Second Harvest, a national network of and numerous other publications. His ideas as seeking technical, agricultural and policy food banks feeding hundreds of thousands on the economic policies of water resources success. Most CIIFAD programs focus on of hungry people throughout the country. management, especially as a vital component constrained and vulnerable agroecosystems. She serves, by presidential appointment, on of rural development, have helped reduce However, in Southeast Asia, he works on the Food Security Advisory Committee. A farmers’ dependence on the public sector for improving the stagnating yields of irrigated Benedictine nun, Vladimiroff is prioress at their irrigation needs. Whitaker’s work has rice and wheat cropland that provides grains the Mount Saint Benedict Monastery in Erie, provided a model in many developing coun- for almost 20 percent of the world’s popula- Pennsylvania. tries. His work also provided guidance for tion. In addition to his work with CIIFAD, reorganization of public sector water agen- he directs the International Agriculture Henry A. Wallace cies into new roles in planning, technical Program at Cornell University where he is a Henry A. Wallace assistance and applied research. While serv- Professor of Government. Uphoff has served was instrumental in ing as director of the Utah State University as a consultant to many organizations includ- the founding of IICA. Office of International Programs and Studies, ing the World Bank, USAID, the United He pioneered the idea Whitaker effectively linked the capabilities Nations, FAO, The Ford Foundation, CARE, of “complementary of the land-grant university system with the and the Consultative Group on International agriculture,” focused needs of people across the Americas. Agricultural Research. on encouraging countries to produce Saul T. Wilson Jose Vincente-Chandler crops that would not Saul Wilson has Jose Vincente-Chandler compete, but complement each other in the improved human designed agricultural Americas and compete in global markets. health through his production systems In 1943, Wallace, as Vice President of the achievements in vet- specifically for condi- United States, placed the first stone of the erinary epidemiology tions in Puerto Rico headquarters for the Inter-American Institute and public health. In and the Caribbean. of Agricultural Sciences (today’s IICA). In more than 50 years While working at the addition to his international achievements, as a scientist, Wilson USDA Soil and Water Wallace became a major figure in the devel- helped control and Conservation Research Laboratory in Puerto opment of hybrid corn. He founded the Hi- eradicate bovine tuberculosis, hog cholera, Rico, he developed systems for efficient pro- Bred Corn Company, now called Pioneer Hi- African swine fever, pseudo-rabies, and duction of beef and milk on all-grass rations Bred, which is the world’s largest seed corn exotic Newcastle disease. While he was in steep pastures and tropical humidity, as and soybean company. As U.S. Secretary of Director of the National Program Planning well as high-density, full-sunlight coffee Agriculture (1933-1940), Wallace created Staff of USDA/APHIS Veterinary Services, production. Vincente-Chandler also created many of the federal farm programs still in procedures and policies were developed for solutions to address problems of grow- existence today. licensing the veterinary biological products ing rice and plantains for domestic needs. by recombinant DNA technology. Methods Vincente-Chandler was inducted into the were also developed that increased the gene Agricultural Research Service Hall of Fame pool of cattle that were free of foot-and- in 1988. mouth disease. In 1990

14 INTER-AMERICAN INSTITUTE FOR COOPERATION ON AGRICULTURE Honorees

USDA honored his contributions by creat- E. Travis York, Jr. midges flourish. Because tropical forests pro- ing a scholarship program in his name. The E. Travis York, Jr. vide habitat for as many as half of the spe- program attracts underrepresented groups in has spent a lifetime cies on earth, developing prudent uses of the the APHIS workforce to careers in veteri- strengthening the forests might halt their decline. Young was nary medicine and biological sciences. After land grant university one of the founders and now serves on the retiring from USDA, he returned to his alma system and its role board of the Tirimbina Rainforest Center, an mater, Tuskegee University, where he heads in both domestic and 800-acre rain forest preserve in Costa Rica, the international program in veterinary medi- international agricul- focused on research and education. Young is cine. Wilson has won many awards includ- tural development. curator of zoology and vice president of col- ing recognition of distinguished service by He has employed his lections, research, and public programs at the the Dominican Republic and Dominican talents as a scientist, educator, administrator Milwaukee Public Museum. Veterinary Medicine Association. and become a recognized leader in agricul- ture. In addition to supporting the mission Patricia Young Catherine E. O’Connor of land grant universities, York served as Patricia Young has Woteki an advisor to Presidents Kennedy, Johnson, directed World Food Catherine Woteki Nixon, Ford, Carter, and Reagan. In that Day activities in the serves as Dean capacity, he traveled widely to provide agri- United States since of Iowa State cultural assistance in countries throughout it was first observed University’s College Latin America, Asia and Africa. His analysis in 1981. World of Agriculture. In of the agricultural development challenges Food Day, designed 2002, her first year faced by the countries of Central America to increase aware- as dean, she helped and the Caribbean was a precursor to the ness, understanding implement several Caribbean Basin Initiative. He continues to and informed, year-round action to allevi- new initiatives including the Institute for focus on alleviating world hunger, particu- ate hunger, is observed on October 16 in Food Safety and Security and the Center for larly on expanding food production to meet recognition of the 1945 founding of the Integrated Animal Genomics. Woteki served rapidly growing needs, making food safer Food and Agriculture Organization of the as the first USDA Under Secretary for Food and more accessible, and increasing produc- United Nations. Young’s efforts also started Safety, responsible for developing U.S. tion efficiency to lower food costs. He has “Feeding Minds, Fighting Hunger,” a world- food safety policies through the President’s received many national and international wide educational initiative. Now available in Council on Food Safety and the Codex honors, with 7 awards or programs estab- 10 languages with many more planned, the Alimentarius Commission. Additionally, she lished in his name. program includes curricula for children and had oversight of national safety for meat, youth to help them understand the problem poultry and egg products regulated by the Allen M. Young of hunger and stimulate them to participate Food Safety Inspection Service. During Allen M. Young has in solutions. Young believes that long-term her tenure, implementation of the Hazard been a driving force impact of this work will create generations Analysis and Critical Control Points sys- in developing studies with more sensitivity to world hunger issues. tem resulted in major declines in pathogen on sustainable cocoa occurrences in meat and poultry products. production as well as Among other offices, Woteki served as rainforest education USDA Deputy Under Secretary for Research, and preservation. An Education and Economics and as director of expert on cocoa polli- the Food and Nutrition Board of the National nation, he is studying Academy of Sciences/Institutes of Medicine. the biological feasibility of cocoa produc- Policies established under her leadership tion in preserved tropical forests. His study have had a continuing impact on food safety attempts to recreate the conditions of cocoa’s and trade regulations. natural habitat and thereby reduce pests and disease. In his book, The Chocolate Tree, Young concluded that successful natural pol- lination of cocoa by insects called midges is tied to the ecology of the rainforest, where

INTER-AMERICAN INSTITUTE FOR COOPERATION ON AGRICULTURE 15 U.S. Agricultural Institutions

he strength of American agriculture is exem- tise in cereal and veterinary sciences. Utah State plified by the achievements of individuals University, Colorado State University and the Tlike those honored in this publication. Many University of Nebraska created the human capi- organizations and institutions also have enriched tal required to make deserts bloom. Ohio State our agricultural progress and knowledge. University led the transformation of agricultural One unique American system stands out above credit. Cornell University trained scientists and the rest: the U.S. state universities and land grant engineers and made possible the breakthroughs colleges. The tenacity and vision of Jonathan needed to make two ears of corn grow where Baldwin Turner from Illinois and Justin Smith only one had survived. The University of Georgia Morrill of Vermont changed the course of U.S. his- expanded the yields of cotton and peanuts in lands tory, and in so doing, world history. On the shoul- previously abandoned. Auburn University pro- ders of these two giants the university land grant vided urgently needed options in aquaculture to system was built when, on July 2, 1862, Abraham feed growing populations. North Carolina State Lincoln signed the first Morrill Act “in order to University led in soil sciences and integrated pest promote the liberal and practical education of the management. industrial classes in the several pursuits and profes- Tuskegee University preserved the tradition set sions in life.” by Booker T. Washington and George Washington Most of IICA’s honorees were blessed by the Carver in working with vulnerable rural communi- knowledge and training delivered by this power- ties. Pennsylvania State University maintained a ful system. Beyond U.S. borders, these effective continuous process to improve pedagogical instru- colleges and universities have generously shared ments in the agricultural disciplines. their bounty with the poor and hungry people of the We also acknowledge the courage and profes- world. Texas A&M University trained the innova- sional integrity demonstrated by many scholars in tors who built the modern Dominican Republic facing difficult issues, as demonstrated by faculty agriculture and agribusiness. Many agronomists and students at the University of Wisconsin’s Land and entrepreneurs who transformed Chilean agri- Tenure Center. And we recognize the University of culture were trained at, and received wise counsel Idaho for its science and outreach on the quintes- from, the University of California, Davis. Their sential Andean crop—the humble potato. collective success has now become a global model. We recognize the contributions of the MidAmerica Michigan State University launched the agricultural International Agricultural Consortium (MIAC) marketing revolution in the Americas and the agri- comprising five universities (Iowa State University, food chain analysis it pioneered forms an integral Kansas State University, University of Missouri, part of today’s rural development strategies. The University of Nebraska, Oklahoma State University) University of Florida and the University of Puerto for its research and development programs in Latin Rico paved the way to intensive tropical agriculture America and collaboration with Mexico on agricul- and the former reinforced another great institution, tural and natural resource programs. Zamorano. The Institute honors all the members of the Iowa State University provided unique exper- National Association of State Universities and Land

16 INTER-AMERICAN INSTITUTE FOR COOPERATION ON AGRICULTURE U.S. Agricultural Institutions

Grant Colleges and, in so doing, also acknowledges the contributions made by the unsung many work- ing in organizations dedicated to improving agri- culture here and abroad. Beyond those who launched and nurtured our current Era of Knowledge, one also finds out- standing institutions across the land. These groups include government agencies, private foundations, associations and corporations. They provide fund- ing, research, manpower, and expertise in fields from economics to entomology, genetic engineer- ing to conservation, veterinary medicine, food safe- ty and more. They improve agricultural practices at home and help other nations by sharing knowledge and technology. We honor their efforts and achieve- ments. and individual companies. In a very real sense, the entrepreneurs who shaped these groups have Government made possible the dissemination of agricultural Many government agencies—federal, state, knowledge and increasing opportunities for pros- local—have extended a friendly hand to agriculture perity. Through their investments, leadership and in the Americas. Of these, our selection process has commitment, these organizations have encouraged singled out: the U.S. Department of Agriculture, economic growth that leads to reduced poverty, (founded by President Lincoln in May, 1862 and increased food security, higher living standards and strengthened by one of IICA’s founders, Iowa’s hence a brighter and peaceful future for all citizens. Henry A. Wallace), the U.S. Department of State, A selected list represents the valuable contribu- the U.S. Agency for International Development, tions made by these outstanding organizations. One and the Departments of Agriculture in the fifty of them, the World Food Prize, inspired IICA’s rec- states and four territories, all members of the ognition to these great Americans. National Association of State Departments of • Ford Foundation Agriculture, for their contributions in supporting • Grocery Manufacturers of America agricultural prosperity in the U.S. and throughout • Kellogg Foundation the hemisphere. • Latin American Studies Association • Rockefeller Foundation Foundations and the Private Sector • Winrock International—Henry A. Wallace The agricultural community in the Americas Center for Agricultural and Environmental owes much to the work nurtured and supported Policy by foundations, non-profit groups and private sec- • World Cocoa Foundation tor organizations including both trade associations • The World Food Prize

INTER-AMERICAN INSTITUTE FOR COOPERATION ON AGRICULTURE 17 About IICA

he Inter-American Institute for access issues, agribusiness development, Cooperation on Agriculture is a agricultural health and food safety Tdevelopment organization that concerns, technological innovation and promotes food security, sustainable more broad-based holistic approaches agricultural development and prosperity to developing rural space that balance for the rural communities of the Americas. economic opportunity with environmental It seeks to support Member States in conservation. Developing policy their pursuit of progress and prosperity environments and direct actions to through the development of rural people reduce poverty and improve agricultural and agriculture so that they are more competitiveness are central to IICA competitive, technologically prepared, activities. environmentally sensitive and socially As an international public institution equitable. for the 21st Century, IICA has a mandate Founded on October 7, 1942, IICA is the to build new leadership capacities in specialized agency for agriculture and rural Member States in order to shape global well being of the Inter-American system. challenges into new opportunities that The Inter-American Board of Agriculture improve hemispheric understanding and acts as IICA’s governing body and is institutional governance. This means composed of representatives from its 34 forging new partnerships that are more Member States from Canada to Argentina responsive and provide greater investment and the Caribbean. IICA Headquarters opportunities for farmers, businessman is located in San José, Costa Rica and and rural families whose livelihoods provides technical services through its depend on agriculture. To this end, IICA network of country offices in each Member also works closely with other public State. There are also 14 nations in Europe and private institutions as well as civic and Asia that act as Observers to IICA organizations to develop new ways to proceedings and programs. work together so that no child is hungry IICA’s institutional outreach includes and that every family can attain its goals services related to trade and market for a better life.

18 INTER-AMERICAN INSTITUTE FOR COOPERATION ON AGRICULTURE Acknowledgements

Photographs:

• P. Adkisson, Henry Beachell, Robert F. Chandler, Jr., Ray Smith, courtesy of the World Food Prize Foundation. • Alice Atwood, courtesy of Special Collections, National Agricultural Library. • Clarence Birdseye, courtesy of Agrilink Foods. • Norman Borlaug, courtesy of The Carter Center. • Howard G. Buffett, courtesy of Buffett Images. • George Washington Carver, Photograph by Frances Benjamin Johnston. 1906. Reproduction Number: LC-J601-302. Courtesy of Prints and Photographs Division, Library of Congress. • César Chávez, courtesy of Walter P. Reuther Library, César E. Chávez • Senator Richard Lugar, courtesy of • John D. Strasma, courtesy of Foundation. Sen. Lugar. University of Wisconsin, Madison. • Mary-Dell Chilton, courtesy of • David R. MacKenzie, courtesy of • David H. Thurston, courtesy of Syngenta. University of Maryland. Cornell University. • Senator Thad Cochran, courtesy of • Barbara McClintock, courtesy • Norman Uphoff, courtesy of Norman Sen. Cochran. of National Agricultural Library, Uphoff. • Alain de Janvry, courtesy of Alain de Agricultural Research Service, U.S. • Christine Vladimiroff, courtesy of Janvry. Department of Agriculture. Mount Saint Benedict Monastery. • Eligio “Kika” de la Garza, courtesy • Peter McPherson, courtesy of • Henry A. Wallace, Negative No. BU of Library of Congress Hispanic Michigan State University. 16274, USDA History Collection, Division. • Foster E. Mohrhardt, courtesy Special Collections, National • Ray Goldberg, courtesy of Ray of National Agricultural Library, Agricultural Library. Goldberg. Agricultural Research Service, U.S. • E. Travis York, Jr., courtesy of • Claudio Gonzalez-Vega, courtesy of Department of Agriculture. University of Florida. Ohio State University. • C. Manly Molpus, courtesy of • Allen M. Young, courtesy of • Tony P. Hall, courtesy of Tony Hall Grocery Manufacturers of America. Milwaukee Public Museum. and U.S. Embassy, Rome. • Wilson Popenoe, courtesy of • Patricia Young, courtesy of Patricia • Arnel R. Hallauer, courtesy of Iowa ZAMORANO. Young. State University. • Pedro Sanchez, courtesy of • Leslie R. Holdridge, courtesy of University of California, Berkeley. Tropical Science Center, San José, • Edward G. Schuh, courtesy of Costa Rica. University of Minnesota.

INTER-AMERICAN INSTITUTE FOR COOPERATION ON AGRICULTURE 19 Inter-American Institute for Cooperation on Agriculture (IICA) 1775 K Street N.W. Suite 320 Washington, D.C. 20006 (202) 458-3767 www.iicawash.org