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Crow Indian Recipes and Herbal Medicines / Alma Hogan Snell; Edited by Lisa Castle; 14 Foreword by Kelly Kindsher

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Crow Indian Recipes and Herbal Medicines / Alma Hogan Snell; Edited by Lisa Castle; 14 Foreword by Kelly Kindsher 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 1 2 3 4 5 6 at table 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 1 2 3 4 5 A Taste of 6 7 8 9 10 Heritage 11 12 13 Crow Indian 14 15 Recipes & Herbal 16 17 Medicines 18 19 20 21 22 n 23 24 25 alma hogan snell 26 27 Edited by 28 lisa castle 29 30 Foreword by 31 kelly kindscher 32 33 university of nebraska press lincoln & london 34 1 2 3 4 5 6 © 2006 by Alma Hogan Snell 7 All rights reserved 8 Manufactured in the United States of America 9 ∞ 10 All photographs are by Lisa M. Castle. 11 Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data 12 Snell, Alma Hogan. 13 A taste of heritage: Crow Indian recipes and herbal medicines / Alma Hogan Snell; edited by Lisa Castle; 14 foreword by Kelly Kindsher. 15 p. cm.—(At table) 16 Includes bibliographical references and index. isbn-13: 978-0-8032-9353-3 (pbk.: alk. paper) 17 isbn-10: 0-8032-9353-4 (pbk.: alk. paper) 18 1. Indian cookery. 2. Crow Indians—Food. 19 3. Medicinal plants. I. Castle, Lisa. II. Title. 20 III. At table series. tx715.s669 2006 21 641.59` 297—dc22 2006000821 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 1 2 3 4 5 In memory of Pretty Shield 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 1 2 3 4 5 Contents 6 7 8 9 List of Illustrations viii 10 Foreword ix 11 Acknowledgments xiii 12 Editor's Introduction xv 13 Author's Introduction xix 14 Map xxii 15 16 part one. A Taste of Heritage Foods 1 17 1. Plant Foods 3 18 2. Meats 67 19 3. Breads 96 20 part t wo. Plant Medicines and Healing 105 21 4. Three Favorite Medicinal Plants 107 22 5. Snakebite 123 23 6. More Medicinal Plants 128 24 7. Other Ways of Healing 152 25 26 part thr ee. Beauty and Love 161 27 8. Beauty Secrets 162 28 9. Love Medicines 173 29 Conclusion 178 30 Appendix: Plant List 179 31 References 183 32 Index 185 33 34 1 2 3 4 5 6 Illustrations 7 8 9 10 Wild carrot 13 11 Cattails 16 12 Salsify 19 13 Yucca 20 14 Currants 36 15 Elderbush 38 16 Chokecherries 40 17 Rose 52 18 Rose hips 53 19 Catnip 61 20 Yarrow 108 21 Echinacea 115 22 Flax 132 23 Showy milkweed 140 24 Monarda 140 25 Mullein 142 26 Prairie coneflower 145 27 Purple prairie clover 146 28 Sage 147 29 Skunkbush 167 30 31 32 33 34 1 2 3 4 5 Foreword 6 7 Kelly Kindscher 8 9 10 11 In southern Montana, across the Crow Reservation, past fields of 12 wheat and sugar beets, past cattle grazing on golden hills, past the 13 St. Frances Xavier Mission and cabins rented to trout fisherman, and 14 past the turnoff to the Yellowtail Dam, lies the Snell family home. I 15 first drove there after my friend Robyn Klein told me that I needed to 16 meet Alma Snell. Alma wanted to write a book on traditional Crow 17 food recipes and herbal medicines, and she was looking for assis- 18 tance. Much of my ethnobotanical work has involved studying and 19 honoring Native American traditional knowledge, so I knew Robyn 20 was right. I made arrangements to visit Alma at her home, nestled in 21 the red sandstone foothills of the Big Horn Mountains and surround- 22 ed by ponderosa pines. I wanted to ask about her cookbook and tell 23 her about Lisa Castle, a new graduate student who had come to work 24 with me at the University of Kansas. Lisa had been an educator at the 25 Denver Botanic Gardens, and I thought would likely be interested in 26 helping with this project. 27 I hadn't been with Alma long before I realized that she is the most 28 loving, positive person I have ever met. She was full of energy and de- 29 termined to get her book published quickly because friends and rel- 30 atives were already asking for it. I said that I would gladly help facili- 31 tate the book's coming together. 32 Alma supplied me with bison jerky and plum ketchup for the long 33 trip back to Kansas. When I left, the evening light was golden on the 34 1 mixed-grass prairie. I drove through the Crow Reservation and then 2 south into the dark night of Wyoming. As I chewed on jerky topped 3 with tasty plum sauce, I considered the work I would be doing in help- 4 ing Alma publish her book. 5 Alma was taught the Crow traditions by her maternal grandmoth- 6 er, Pretty Shield. The knowledge gained from this education that was 7 further influenced by her Christian upbringing, formal food-service 8 training, and interest in herbalism makes Alma's understanding of 9 foods and herbs unique and this book uniquely important. 10 Crow ethnobotany has not been widely shared and is not wide- 11 ly known. Although scattered references to the edible and medici- 12 nal uses of plants by the Crow exist, the first published work on uses 13 of Crow plants was J. W. Blankinship's 1905 Native Economic Plants of 14 Montana, which lists Crow uses for thirteen plants.1 A more insightful 15 work was written by a Crow woman, Joy Yellowtail Toineeta, whose 16 1970 master’s thesis, titled Absarog-Issawua (From the Land of the Crow 17 Indians), is the most detailed ethnobotany of the Crow and discuss- 18 es sixty-four species of plants.2 Unfortunately, this work has nev- 19 er circulated beyond the few of us who have borrowed it from the 20 Montana State University library. Jeff Hart, a Harvard graduate stu- 21 dent, wrote Montana—Native Plants and Early People for a 1976 bicen- 22 tennial book project.3 He cataloged twenty-five Crow plants and their 23 uses. Together these three works form the heart of the previously pub- 24 lished record of Crow ethnobotany. 25 Outside of publications, it is well known that the Crows have a rich 26 tradition of plant use. Because generations of the Crow people have 27 inhabited their lands continuously, this information is steeped in 28 cultural heritage. Alma reveals many unique uses of plants from the 29 Crow tradition that have never been written about. More important 30 than listing the kinds of plants used by the Crows, she provides de- 31 tailed recipes showing how these plants were and are used to make 32 foods and medicines (with modern updates). Alma Snell’s book of- 33 fers us an important glimpse into the history and significance of Crow 34 ethnobotany. x foreword Notes 1 1. J. W. Blankinship, Native Economic Plants of Montana (Montana Agricultural College 2 Experiment Station, Bulletin 56, 1905): 3–36. 3 2. Joy Yellowtail Toineeta, “Absarog-Issawua (From the Land of the Crow Indians)” 4 (master’s thesis, Montana State University, 1970). 3. Jeff Hart, Montana—Native Plants and Early Peoples (Helena: The Montana 5 Historical Society, 1976). 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 foreword xi 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 1 2 3 4 5 Acknowledgments 6 7 8 9 10 11 The knowledge contained in this book has been gleaned from count- 12 less elders who have shared and helped me wherever I have been. Not 13 only have I learned from Grandma Pretty Shield and other Crow el- 14 ders but also from Lena Blue Robe Snell, One Woman Buck, and other 15 Assiniboine elders and people from all across the Great Plains. This 16 learning continues as my sisters and Eloise Pease, Annie Walks, and 17 so many others keep surprising me with new information. Thanks 18 to you all. 19 The making of this book has led to many pleasant reminiscences 20 about the old days from people all over the community. To the many 21 of you who have shared stories with me, I am grateful not only for 22 the knowledge but also for the chance to share laughter and friend- 23 ship. A ho. 24 This book crosses disciplinary boundaries between traditional 25 knowledge, herbalism, cooking, and botany and brings aspects of 26 them together. Many experts in each of these fields have given their 27 expertise (and sometimes their books) to me. Thanks go to Robyn 28 Klein (the first modern herbalist I’ve really known), Kelly Kindscher, 29 Bonnie Heidl, Bob Krumm, Thomas Elpel, and so many others.
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