The GEF International Waters Conference, Cairns October 24 – 25 th 2009

InternationalInternational WaterWater Law:Law:thethe UNUN GAGA ResolutionResolution && TARMTARM Governance:Governance: UNESCO-IAH- ISARM

AmbassadorAmbassador ChuseiChusei YamadaYamada ShammyShammy PuriPuri

Cairns Oct 2009 CodificationCodification ofof InternationalInternational LawLaw forfor transboundarytransboundary aquifersaquifers byby thethe UnitedUnited NationsNations

Cairns Oct 2009 CodificationCodification

 SourcesSources ofof InternationalInternational LawLaw  InternationalInternational TreatiesTreaties  CustomaryCustomary InternationalInternational LawLaw  International custom, as evidence of a general practice accepted as law ( Article 38,1,b of the Statute of the International Court of Justice)

Cairns Oct 2009 WorldWorld TransboundaryTransboundary AquifersAquifers

Cairns Oct 2009 ScopeScope ofof ApplicationApplication

 (a)(a) UtilizationUtilization ofof AquifersAquifers  (b)(b) OtherOther ActivitiesActivities LikelyLikely toto havehave anan ImpactImpact onon AquifersAquifers  (c)(c) Protection,Protection, PreservationPreservation && ManagementManagement ofof AquifersAquifers

Cairns Oct 2009 PressuresPressures onon aquifersaquifers

Cairns Oct 2009 DefinitionsDefinitions

 PermeablePermeable waterwater --bearingbearing geologicalgeological formationformation underlainunderlain byby aa lessless permeablepermeable layerlayer &&  TheThe waterwater containedcontained inin thethe saturatedsaturated zonezone ofof thethe formationformation

Cairns Oct 2009 SovereigntySovereignty

 EachEach Aquifer Aquifer State State has has sovereignty sovereignty over over the the portionportion of of a a transboundary transboundary aquifer aquifer located located withinwithin itsits territory.territory.  ItIt shall shall exercise exercise its its sovereignty sovereignty in in accordance accordance withwith internationalinternational lawlaw andand thethe presentpresent articles.articles.

Cairns Oct 2009 MajorMajor PrinciplesPrinciples

 EquitableEquitable andand reasonablereasonable utilizationutilization  ObligationObligation notnot toto causecause significantsignificant harmharm  ObligationObligation toto cooperatecooperate

Cairns Oct 2009 AnAn example..example..

Cairns Oct 2009 UNUN ResolutionResolution 63/12463/124 DecemberDecember 1111 20082008

 TakesTakes notenote ofof thethe draftdraft articlesarticles  EncouragesEncourages thethe StatesStates concernedconcerned toto makemake appropriateappropriate arrangements,arrangements, takingtaking intointo accountaccount thethe provisionsprovisions ofof thethe draftdraft articlesarticles  DecidesDecides toto considerconsider thethe finalfinal formform ofof thethe draftdraft articlesarticles

Cairns Oct 2009 ThankThank youyou ……

AcknowledgementAcknowledgement

UNESCOUNESCO InternationalInternational AssociationAssociation ofof HydrogeologistsHydrogeologists EconomicEconomic CommissionCommission forfor EuropeEurope FrancoFranco SwissSwiss GeneveseGenevese AquiferAquifer AuthorityAuthority GuaraniGuarani AquiferAquifer SystemSystem ProjectProject BGRBGR CooperatingCooperating HydrogeologistsHydrogeologists

ChuseiChusei YAMADAYAMADA

Cairns Oct 2009 GovernanceGovernance

 Convergence of increasing climate variability with 2009 crises i n food & finance ….  The technologies for freshwater are generally in place  Actions is awaited ….

 2009 World Water Day was devoted to transboundary water

Cairns Oct 2009 ApproachApproach

 SomeSome historyhistory –– transboundarytransboundary waterswaters inin ancientancient timestimes  GlobalGlobal distributiondistribution ofof aquifersaquifers resourcesresources  TheThe mattermatter ofof governancegovernance  AA ““trialoguetrialogue ”” -- roles,roles, rules,rules, regulationsregulations && financefinance  BuildingBuilding thethe TARMTARM knowledgeknowledge pyramidpyramid -- lessonslessons  WhereWhere dodo wewe needneed action?action?  SomeSome messagesmessages

Cairns Oct 2009 AncientAncient wisdomwisdom

Cairns Oct 2009 ISARMISARM ProgrammeProgramme (2000(2000 –– 2009):2009): Multi disciplinary integrated approach

Inventory process well advanced, 70 in Americas, >30 in Africa, 90 in Europe, ?? In Asia UN GA Rosolution: Use of Transboundary Aquifers

Sharing countries will work together… to ensure the Current focus, till the continued, sound functioning culmination of the of aquifer systems and will Programme reduce the risks to the integrity of an aquifer system

Cairns Oct 2009 ScienceScience toto policypolicy inin thethe IHPIHP TransitionTransition ofof IHPIHP ’’ss phases:phases: 1990 -1995 IHP IV Hydrology and Water Resources Sustainable Development in a Changing Environment

1996 -2001 IHP -V Hydrology and Water Resources Development in a Vulnerable Environment

2002 -2007 IHP -VI Water Interactions: Systems at Risk and Social Challenges ISARM 2008 -2013 IHP -VII (operational) Water Dependencies: Systems under Stress and Societal Responses

Cairns Oct 2009 GlobalGlobal AquiferAquifer distributiondistribution ……

Cairns Oct 2009 UtilisationUtilisation ofof aquiferaquifer waterwater

Cairns Oct 2009 Roles,Roles, Rules,Rules, RegulationRegulation && FinanceFinance

Regulations s From the e c S r e fo c farmer to the l t a o c r ti t global markets li e o n P s io Physical n landscapes s

d IF In Climate I’s g , ri G Ir E , variability & risks F rs O se D U Sustainable A Water Resource Society Management for ‘Community’ Use Economy

History & culture Poverty alleviation

Cairns Oct 2009 AlmostAlmost allall countriescountries havehave transboundarytransboundary aquifersaquifers ……

Middle Sarmatian-Pontian GWB . 22

2. Kupa 9. Backa & Banat

1. Dragonja 7. Sava 21. Upper Pannonian-Lower Pleistocene 3. Kupa 8 20. Central Serbia 10. Srem. 4. Una 11. West Serbia 19. East Serbia 5. Cetina 23 .Sarmatian & 24. Upper Jurassic -Lower Cret.GWB 16. Gaber-Nesla 6. Neretva 12. SW Serbia 17. Znepole 18. Tran 14. 13. 15. 43. 44. Topolograd 45. 37. Nastan Sandansky 46. Rezovska 38. Dojran 34. 41. Svilengrad Gevgelija 32. 39. .33 35 .Gotze Rudozem 42 .Orestiada 29. Delchev 40. Erma Reka 47. Meric 30.Pelagonija 36. Orvilos 28. & 31.Florina 25. 26.Pagoni Vjosa 27.Mourgana

Cairns Oct 2009 TypologiesTypologies ofof transboundarytransboundary aquifersaquifers

le STATE A ab T ver STATE B er r Ri at orde W B nd ou Gr ST r AT de E A le or ab s-B T ran ter S T r a TE A ifer TA ive d W STA Aqu TE R un B ro r G ye S a TA e L TE bl le er B a b Riv r T I ea " te mperm stic a eabl rm me W e Laye e uifer Do nd r p Aq " ou Im Gr er ay L le b Imp ea ermeab m le La er fer yer p qui Im A er ay L le b Imp ea ermeab m le L er ayer p Im

RECHARGE ST L ZONE AT ine E of C A onf inem nd le ST en ou ab AT t r T E G er B ST at AT W E A ST AT E B

e ater Tabl Ground W yer La able Imp me ermeab per le Laye Im ifer r Aqu s tion ma ifer For Conf Aqu ock ined A ed e R quife nfin abl r Co r rme aye pe Imp le L Im erme eab able L erm ayer Imp

Cairns Oct 2009 ……..aquifers..aquifers comecome withwith ‘‘prepre fittedfitted ’’ storagestorage ……

Cairns Oct 2009 GlobalGlobal InventoryInventory

3D bulk flow

Cairns Oct 2009 KnowledgeKnowledge pyramidpyramid

H o w w

t e d International r o a n t h s Instruments: A e p r o s i t i e ILC Articles n c l n t o e a s & t i o n Global synthesis: WHYMAP r a e g l p i o o n lic a e s l Sub regional initiatives & collaboration eg ? ? Americas, SADC, SE Europe & others Joint multiple country identifications of shared aquifers Country inventories of aquifers that extend across national boundaries

Cairns Oct 2009 ItsIts inin thethe mindmind …… inflexibleinflexible == ineffectiveineffective Perception & Perception & representation representation Complex adaptive linear system Unpredictability predictable Adaptive management -processes & interactions Linear..(optimal) between parts of different planning temporal & spatial scale -’optimal’ output -experiment, monitoring, -command & control evaluation, feedback, & iterate planning -distributed & localised planning -top down central Organisation that deals with planning change Effective hierarchical EcoSystem Knowledge diversity=scientific + organisations wisdom -scientific knowledge

Cairns Oct 2009 GovernanceGovernance inin AquifersAquifers forfor adaptiveadaptive managementmanagement

How to incorporate this to policy to ensure that land owners get the benefit

Cairns Oct 2009 MessageMessage toto taketake back..back..

 TheThe ancientsancients recognisedrecognised transboundarytransboundary waterswaters  TheThe sciencescience communitycommunity seemseem toto communicatecommunicate withwith easeease acrossacross boundariesboundaries  CrossCross CommunityCommunity CollaborationCollaboration requiresrequires patiencepatience andand perceptivenessperceptiveness [CCC[CCC –– PP]PP]  Regulations,Regulations, societysociety && economyeconomy operateoperate inin aa trialoguetrialogue –– recogniserecognise thethe tensionstensions // attractionsattractions  InflexibleInflexible == ineffective;ineffective; linearlinear vsvs ,, complexcomplex adaptiveadaptive systemssystems

Cairns Oct 2009 The valley of Susamyr in the Tien Shan mountanis…

Thanks you for your attention ! Questions? Contact: [email protected] www.unesco.org/water/isarm www.iah.org/isarm Cairns Oct 2009