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Unesco-Iah-Isarm The GEF International Waters Conference, Cairns October 24 – 25 th 2009 InternationalInternational WaterWater Law:Law: thethe UNUN GAGA ResolutionResolution && TARMTARM Governance:Governance: UNESCO -IAH -ISARM AmbassadorAmbassador ChuseiChusei YamadaYamada ShammyShammy PuriPuri Cairns Oct 2009 CodificationCodification ofof InternationalInternational LawLaw forfor transboundarytransboundary aquifersaquifers byby thethe UnitedUnited NationsNations Cairns Oct 2009 CodificationCodification SourcesSources ofof InternationalInternational LawLaw InternationalInternational TreatiesTreaties CustomaryCustomary InternationalInternational LawLaw International custom, as evidence of a general practice accepted as law ( Article 38,1,b of the Statute of the International Court of Justice) Cairns Oct 2009 WorldWorld TransboundaryTransboundary AquifersAquifers Cairns Oct 2009 ScopeScope ofof ApplicationApplication (a)(a) UtilizationUtilization ofof AquifersAquifers (b)(b) OtherOther ActivitiesActivities LikelyLikely toto havehave anan ImpactImpact onon AquifersAquifers (c)(c) Protection,Protection, PreservationPreservation && ManagementManagement ofof AquifersAquifers Cairns Oct 2009 PressuresPressures onon aquifersaquifers Cairns Oct 2009 DefinitionsDefinitions PermeablePermeable waterwater --bearingbearing geologicalgeological formationformation underlainunderlain byby aa lessless permeablepermeable layerlayer && TheThe waterwater containedcontained inin thethe saturatedsaturated zonezone ofof thethe formationformation Cairns Oct 2009 SovereigntySovereignty EachEach AquiferAquifer StateState hashas sovereigntysovereignty overover thethe portionportion ofof aa transboundarytransboundary aquiferaquifer locatedlocated withinwithin itsits territory.territory. ItIt shallshall exerciseexercise itsits sovereigntysovereignty inin accordanceaccordance withwith internationalinternational lawlaw andand thethe presentpresent articles.articles. Cairns Oct 2009 MajorMajor PrinciplesPrinciples EquitableEquitable andand reasonablereasonable utilizationutilization ObligationObligation notnot toto causecause significantsignificant harmharm ObligationObligation toto cooperatecooperate Cairns Oct 2009 AnAn example..example.. Cairns Oct 2009 UNUN ResolutionResolution 63/12463/124 DecemberDecember 1111 20082008 TakesTakes notenote ofof thethe draftdraft articlesarticles EncouragesEncourages thethe StatesStates concernedconcerned toto makemake appropriateappropriate arrangements,arrangements, takingtaking intointo accountaccount thethe provisionsprovisions ofof thethe draftdraft articlesarticles DecidesDecides toto considerconsider thethe finalfinal formform ofof thethe draftdraft articlesarticles Cairns Oct 2009 ThankThank youyou …… AcknowledgementAcknowledgement UNESCOUNESCO InternationalInternational AssociationAssociation ofof HydrogeologistsHydrogeologists EconomicEconomic CommissionCommission forfor EuropeEurope FrancoFranco SwissSwiss GeneveseGenevese AquiferAquifer AuthorityAuthority GuaraniGuarani AquiferAquifer SystemSystem ProjectProject BGRBGR CooperatingCooperating HydrogeologistsHydrogeologists ChuseiChusei YAMADAYAMADA Cairns Oct 2009 GovernanceGovernance Convergence of increasing climate variability with 2009 crises i n food & finance …. The technologies for freshwater are generally in place Actions is awaited …. 2009 World Water Day was devoted to transboundary water Cairns Oct 2009 ApproachApproach SomeSome historyhistory –– transboundarytransboundary waterswaters inin ancientancient timestimes GlobalGlobal distributiondistribution ofof aquifersaquifers resourcesresources TheThe mattermatter ofof governancegovernance AA ““trialoguetrialogue ”” -- roles,roles, rules,rules, regulationsregulations && financefinance BuildingBuilding thethe TARMTARM knowledgeknowledge pyramidpyramid -- lessonslessons WhereWhere dodo wewe needneed action?action? SomeSome messagesmessages Cairns Oct 2009 AncientAncient wisdomwisdom Cairns Oct 2009 ISARMISARM ProgrammeProgramme (2000(2000 –– 2009):2009): Multi disciplinary integrated approach Inventory process well advanced, 70 in Americas, >30 in Africa, 90 in Europe, ?? In Asia UN GA Rosolution: Use of Transboundary Aquifers Sharing countries will work together… to ensure the Current focus, till the continued, sound functioning culmination of the of aquifer systems and will Programme reduce the risks to the integrity of an aquifer system Cairns Oct 2009 ScienceScience toto policypolicy inin thethe IHPIHP TransitionTransition ofof IHPIHP ’’ss phases:phases: 1990 -1995 IHP IV Hydrology and Water Resources Sustainable Development in a Changing Environment 1996 -2001 IHP -V Hydrology and Water Resources Development in a Vulnerable Environment 2002 -2007 IHP -VI Water Interactions: Systems at Risk and Social Challenges ISARM 2008 -2013 IHP -VII (operational) Water Dependencies: Systems under Stress and Societal Responses Cairns Oct 2009 GlobalGlobal AquiferAquifer distributiondistribution …… Cairns Oct 2009 UtilisationUtilisation ofof aquiferaquifer waterwater Cairns Oct 2009 Roles, Rules, Regulation & Finance Users, Irrig Ind Political forces Society Regulations Physical landscapes Management for ‘Community’variability Use & risks History & culture Climate S e c WaterSustainable Resource t o r t e n s i o From the n farmer to the s global markets Cairns Oct 2009 IF I’s Poverty alleviation , G E F O D A Economy AlmostAlmost allall countriescountries havehave transboundarytransboundary aquifersaquifers …… Middle Sarmatian-Pontian GWB . 22 2. Kupa 9. Backa & Banat 1. Dragonja 7. Sava 21. Upper Pannonian-Lower Pleistocene 3. Kupa 8 20. Central Serbia 10. Srem. 4. Una 11. West Serbia 19. East Serbia 5. Cetina 23 .Sarmatian & 24. Upper Jurassic -Lower Cret.GWB 16. Gaber-Nesla 6. Neretva 12. SW Serbia 17. Znepole 18. Tran 14. 13. 15. Zemen 43. Svilengrad 44. Topolograd 45. Malko Tarnovo 37. Nastan Sandansky 46. Rezovska 38. Smolyan Dojran 34. 41. Svilengrad Gevgelija 32. 39. .33 35 .Gotze Rudozem 42 .Orestiada 29. Delchev 40. Erma Reka 47. Meric 30.Pelagonija 36. Orvilos 28. & 31.Florina 25. 26.Pagoni Vjosa 27.Mourgana Cairns Oct 2009 Typologies of transboundary aquifers STATE A Border River STATE B Table Water Ground Im pe rm ea bl e L ay er Aquifer r aye e L abl me per Im S S T T rder A A Trans-Bo T T E E A B River Table Water Ground Im pe rm ea bl e L A S ay quifer TAT er E A r aye le L S eab T rm A pe S T Im T S E "Domestic" River A T A T A E T E B B Table Water Gro Ground und W ater Ta ble I mp er me Aquif ab er le Laye r Aquifer Impermeable Rock Formations yer L La i le ne ab o me S f er T C RECHARGE mp A on I S T f T E in ZONE A em T A E en B t Im ound p Gr ble er er Ta me at ab W le La C ye onf r in ed Impermeable Layer I A m qui pe f rm er e Cairns Oct 2009 ab le L C ay onfined Aquifer er Impermeable Layer ……..aquifers..aquifers comecome withwith ‘‘prepre fittedfitted ’’ storagestorage …… Cairns Oct 2009 GlobalGlobal InventoryInventory 3D bulk flow Cairns Oct 2009 KnowledgeKnowledge pyramidpyramid International Instruments: ILC Articles How do we transpose Global synthesis: WHYMAP the Articles aquifers into Sub regional initiatives & collaboration eg national Americas, SADC, SE Europe & others & regional national boundaries polices?? Joint multiple country identificationsCairns Oct 2009 of shared Country inventories of aquifers that extend across ItsIts inin thethe mindmind …… inflexibleinflexible == ineffectiveineffective Perception & Perception & representation representation Complex adaptive linear system Unpredictability predictable Adaptive management -processes & interactions Linear..(optimal) between parts of different planning temporal & spatial scale -’optimal’ output -experiment, monitoring, -command & control evaluation, feedback, & iterate planning -distributed & localised planning -top down central Organisation that deals with planning change Effective hierarchical EcoSystem Knowledge diversity=scientific + organisations wisdom -scientific knowledge Cairns Oct 2009 GovernanceGovernance inin AquifersAquifers forfor adaptiveadaptive managementmanagement How to incorporate this to policy to ensure that land owners get the benefit Cairns Oct 2009 MessageMessage toto taketake back..back.. TheThe ancientsancients recognisedrecognised transboundarytransboundary waterswaters TheThe sciencescience communitycommunity seemseem toto communicatecommunicate withwith easeease acrossacross boundariesboundaries CrossCross CommunityCommunity CollaborationCollaboration requiresrequires patiencepatience andand perceptivenessperceptiveness [CCC[CCC –– PP]PP] Regulations,Regulations, societysociety && economyeconomy operateoperate inin aa trialoguetrialogue –– recogniserecognise thethe tensionstensions // attractionsattractions InflexibleInflexible == ineffective;ineffective; linearlinear vsvs ,, complexcomplex adaptiveadaptive systemssystems Cairns Oct 2009 The valley of Susamyr in the Tien Shan mountanis… Thanks you for your attention ! Questions? Contact: [email protected] www.unesco.org/water/isarm www.iah.org/isarm Cairns Oct 2009.
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