CONTRIBUTORS
A Bhagwati Department of Medicine President, Urological Society of India Honorary Physician LLRMMedical College (2008-2009) Rhatia Hospital, Wockhardt Hospitals and Meerut, Uttar Pradesh, India President, Indian Medical Association Motiben Dalvi Hospitals (2007-2008) S-nt. Adil Farooq Mumbai, Maharashtra, India Council Member, World Medical Aditya Prakash Misra Association(WMA) A Kader Sahib Senior Consultant, Physician Consultant Cardiologist Ajinkya Borhade Jessa Ram Hospital, Hospital and Ayesha Hospital Apollo New Delhi, India PG, DNB, Medicine Trichy,Tamil Nadu, India Sundaram Arulrhaj Hospitals AG Unnikrishnan Thoothukudi, Tamil Nadu, India A Muruganathan Endocrinologist and CEO Adjunct Professor Head of Patient Care AKAgarwal ThmilNadu Dr MGR Medical University Research and Education Professor and Head Tirupur, Thmil Nadu, India Chellaram Diabetes Institute School of Medical Science and Research Pune, India A RVijayaku mar Maharashtra, (SMS & R) Rtd. HODand Professor Medicine Agam Vora Sharda Hospital and University India Coimbatore Medical College and Asst. Hon. & In Charge - Dept of Chest & Greater Noida, Uttar Pradesh, PSGInstitute of Medical Science and TB, Dr. RNCooper Muni. Gen. Hospital, Singh Research, Coimbatore Mumbai, Maharashtra, India Akashdeep Consulting Physician Professor Associate Professor GKNMHospital, Coimbatore Department of Chest & TB Department of Pulmonary Medicine Member, Research Committee KiSomaiya Dayanand Medical College and Hospital Association of Physicians of India Medical College, Mumbai Ludhiana, Punjab, India Xolkata, West Bengal Maharashtra, India Alaka Deshpande Organizing Chairman APICON2013 Ajai Kumar Garg Coimbatore, Tamil Nadu, India Professor of Medicine Assistant Professor Grant Medical College Aarathy Kannan Department of General Medicine Mumbai, Maharashtra, India Physician and Diabetologist School of Medical Science and Research Sundaram Arulrhaj Hospitals (SMS&R),Sharda Hospital and University Alakendu Ghosh Greater Noida, Uttar Pradesh, India Thoothukudi, Tamil Nadu, India Professor and Head Department of Rheumatology Abhaya Narayana H Ajay Duseja Institute of Post Graduate Medical Resident Department of Hepatology Education and Research! Maulana Azad Medical College Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education Research 55KM Hospital Rahadur Shah Zafar Marg and India Kolkata, West Bengal, India New Delhi, India Chandigarh, Abiola Ibraheem Ajay Kumar Alpana Raizada Morehouse School of Medicine Urogenital Surgeon Assistant Professor Atlanta, GA, USA Chairman, Admin and Grievances Department of Medicine Comm., MCI Division of Nephrology Adhip Mitra Member, Ethics Comm. of MCIand World University College of Medical Sciences ExProfessor Medical Association (University of Delhi) x GTB Amal
Cardiologist Dilshad Consultant Amar SAARC Association Institute Cardiological Formerly Past Seth Ambreen Kolkata, Professor Jaipur, Amit Consultant King Santokba iaswant (SDM Mumbai,
Ananda Department Senior Anil Meerut, Nephrology Senior
Anil Dum Gastroenterology) Hospital PGME&R, Indraprastha Yatharth Chief New Preventive
Hospital,
Medicine
Hospital
President
Edward GS
C
Chaturvedi
Delhi, H) Dum
Ku
Gupta
Consutant
Pazare
Cardiac
Anand
Rajasthan, Consultant
Consultant
Garden,
Medical West
of mar
Rai
Uttar
Bagchi Kolkata,
Wellness
Maharashtra,
and
Noida, Durlabhji
Ilyakat
SSKM
Specialized and
Cardiovascular
Radiologist
Health of
India
Update—2015
Speciality
of Memorial
Society
Barierjee Apollo
Bengal,
Head
Physicians
Pradesh,
Society
Interventional
Cardiology
Delhi,
College
Hospital Life Uttar
West
India
(Hepatology Physician
Super
Memorial
Hospital
of
Style
India
Hospital India
Hospital
Pradesh,
Bengal, Hospital,
India India
India
and
of
Specialty
Sciences
Disease and
India
Hospital
India
and
and
India
and
LS
Anil
Jamshedpur, Anil Senior Gurgaon, Visiting Jharkhand, ACM Consultant
Tata Regional iamshedpur, Aniruddha Nucleomed, President, Nuclear Department Anish Ex-Head Consultant Anish Pune, Annil Research Department Jammu, Critical Pushpanjali NCR
Fellow Anuj Professor Govt. Postgraduate Medicine Medical New Anup Member Department Professor Lucknow, BBDCODS, Kishanganj, Professor MGM
Hans
Kumar
DC) Main
Delhi,
Delhi,
Maheshwari
Maharashtra, Medical
Mahajan
Physician
Gupta V
Kumar Medical
Care Nuclear
Medicine
Jammu of
Council Faculty, Gupta
Haryana,
Associate
Executive
and
Uttar Hospital and of
RSSDI
Cardiodiabetologist
Chapter Department India
Interventional BBD
B India
Virmani Crosslay
Guwahati,
Bihar, of
Jharkhand,
Medicine of
Jharkhand,
Medicine of
Chandorkar
Department
Bhattacharya Head
Head College
Medicine College
Nephrology
General
Medicine Pradesh,
University
and
of
PHFI
and
India
India
India
Committee
(2014-16)
India
Kashmir,
Hospital
(CCEBDM/CCGDM/
Specialist
Assam,
Medicine
India
India
India
Consultant
Cardiologist
o
General
India
India
Anupam
Associated
Apurba Professor
Department Lady Arindam New
Department Head RG Arindam Kolkata, In-Charge, Senior Kishanganj, Registrar MGM Arulrhaj Thoothukudi, Aruna Sundaram Kolkata, Associate Bangur
Physician
Arup and Department
Hamdard Jaipur Arvind Jaipur, Professor Department Tirunelveli, Durgapur, Rheumatology IU Tirunelveli AS Director
Professor
City Kar
Mohan
Research,
Delhi, Hardinge
Ku
Medical
Resident Diabetes Medical
Nigam
Rajasthan,
Medical Institute
Gupta Kumar West
West
mar
and
Prakash
Ghosh
Ghosh and
Institute
Professor
in
Arulrhaj Diabetes West
Hospitals
India
Medical
Bihar,
Tamil
of
of
of
Medicine,
of
Consultant
Kundu Tamil
Bengal,
Bengal,
HOD
Medical
College
New Medicine
Medicine
Obstetrics
Clinic
College
Medicine
Mukherjee
College
Research Bengal,
of
India Nadu,
India
of
Neurosciences
Hospitals Medicine
Unit Nadu,
Delhi,
College,
Medical
India
India
College
and
India
India
Physician
and and
Centre
India
India
Hospital
Gynecology
In-charge
Sciences
and Contributors xi I
Asha Moorthy Associate Director Brig. Ambika P Mohanty Department of Cardiology (Therapeutic Endoscopist & Professor; Medicine Saveetha Medical College Endosonologist) Medical Superintendent Chennal, Tamil Nadu, India Medanta Institute of Digestive & All India Institute of Medical Sciences Hepatobiliary Sciences (AIIMS), Bhubaneswar, Odisha, India Ashish Bhalla Sec-38, Gurgaon, Haryana, India Additional Professor (Internal Medicine) Brigadier Vasu Vardhan Medicine,Post Department of Internal B Rama Chandra Reddy Professor and Head of Medical Education Graduate Institute Professor of Medicine Department of Internal Medicine Research, and Kurnool, A.P. India Armed Forces Medical College Chandigarh, India Pune, Maharashtra, India Banshi Saboo Ashish Kumar Rai Consultant C Govindaraju Junior Resident (Medicine) Diabetologist and Metabolic Physician Final Year Postgraduate Student Patna Medical College and Hospital Ahmedabad, India General Medicine Patna, Bihar, India Gujarat, Coimbatore Medical College Hospital Ashish Nandwani Bhupendra Chaudhary Coimbatore, Tamil Nadu, India Consultant Senior Consultant Neurologist C S Agrawal Department of Nephrology and Renal Head, Department of Neurosciences Head Transplantation Jaswant Rai Speciality Hospital Neurology M2danta-The Medicity Meerut, Uttar Pradesh, India Gurgaon, Haryana, India Sir Ganga Ram Hospital Bibhuti Saha New Delhi, India Ashok KDas Professor Channarayapattana, Karnataka, India Senior Professor of Medicine and Head and Head Department of Tropical Medicine Department of Endocrinology Charles T Roberts Calcutta School of Tropical Medicine ondicherry nstitute of Medical Sciences DiabetOmics, Inc. Kolkata, West Bengal, India Puducherry, India 2345 NW Amberbrook Drive B.G. Hilisboro, OR Ashok KTaneja Nagar 97006 Senior Cardio-Diabetologist Kalapet, Puducherry and Member Charu Jani Organ Transplantation Autho.Committee, Formerly, Professor and Head Senior Physician, Saifee Hospital Government of Haryana Department of Endocrinology and Mumbai, Maharashtra, India Haryana, India Medicine JIPMER Ashok Kumar ihingan Col. R Nair Puducherry, India For Constant Research & Development Sr Adv. Medicine and Nephrology Chairman, Delhi Diabetes Research Center Binay Karak CH (WC), Chandimandir, Haryana, India Founder President, Diabetes Education & Senior Consultant Neurologist Research Foundation, and Cal. Surender Kumar Neurology Clinic Juvenile Diabetes Association of India Hony. Endocrinologist to the President Patna, Bihar, India Ashu Bhasin of India Bipin Sethi President, SAARCDiabetes Association Department of Neurology Chairman AIIMS,New Delhi, India Consultant, Endocrinology Department Asian Healthcare Foundation Hyderabad, India of Endocrinology Sir Ganga Ram Hospital Asim Khan BR Bansode New Delhi, India Senior Resident Physician and Cardiologist Consultant Editor, Indian Journal of Sawai ManSingh Medical College (SMS) Dr BAMHospital, C. Rly Endocrinology, Chapter Chair Jaipur; Rajasthan, India Mumbai, Maharashtra, India India AACE xii Medicine Update—2015 I
D Nageshwar Reddy Dukhabandhu Naik GCKhilnani President Assistant Professor Professor World Endoscopy Organisation Department of Endocrinology, Diabetes Department of Pulmonary Medicine and Chairman and Chief of Gastroenterology and Metabolism Sleep Disorders Asian Institute of Gastroenterology Christian Medical College All India Institute of Medical Sciences 6-3-661, Somajiguda, Vellore, Tamil Nadu, India New Delhi, India Hyderabad, India Dutta TK Geeta Kampani Senior Professor, Medicine David Penman Senior Physician & Associate Professor Head of the Department of Hematology Assistant Professor Safdarjung Hospital & Vardhman Mahavir Jawaharlal Institute of Postgraduate Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, Critical Medical College, New Delhi, India Medical Education and Research Care and Sleep Puducherry, India Department of Medicine Girish Bobby Kapur Emeritus Editor, JAPI Associate Professor Medicine & University of Minnesota, USA Ex-assistant Professor Pediatrics Department of Medicine Deepak Amarapurkar Associate Chief for Academic Affairs, Expert group committee on GDM Emergency Medicine Department of Gastroenterology and Ministry of Health Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Hepato logy Government of India and Indian Council Texas, USA Bombay Hospital and Medical Research of Medical Research Centre, Mumbai, India New Delhi, India Gourav Bhattacharya
Deepak KJumani G D Sharma Postgraduate Trainee Consultant Sexual Health Physician and Professor PG Department of Medicine Counselor Mumbai, India Department of General Medicine Shri Ramachandra Bhanj (SCB)Medical SMS&R,Sharda Hospital and University College Dharmesh Patel Greater Noida, Uttar Pradesh, India Cuttack, Odisha, India Consultant G Manoharan Gourdas Choudhuri Respiratory Physician, City Clinic Professor and Head Vadodara, Gujarat, India Director and Head Department of Medicine Department of Gastroenterology and Dhruv Bibra Karpagam Faculty of Medical Sciences Hepatobiliary Sciences and Research Senior Consultant Fortis Memorial Research Institute Coimbatore, Tamil Nadu, India Delhi Pain Management Center Gurgaon, Haryana, India Clinical Associate professor Department of Global Health K Dinesh Khullar Govind Makharia UW Consultant Professor Director and Head of the Department International Training and Education Department of Gastroenterology and Nephrology and Renal Transplant Center for Health (I-TECH),India Human Nutrition (Medicine), Max Hospital, Saket All India Institute of Medical Sciences New Delhi, India 6 Narasimulu President (AIIMS),New Delhi, India Dipanjan Bandyopadhyay Indian Rheumatology Association Gurgaon, Haryana, India Professor Former Professor and HOD, NIMS Gurinder Mohan Department of Medicine and Senior Consultant, Rheumatologist, GVN Professor and Head Medical Superintendent cum Medical Center and Vice Principal Yashoda Hospital Department of Medicine SGRDIMS&R Institute of Postgraduate Medical Sonajiguda, Hyderabad, Telangana, India Education and Research Amritsar Punjab, India Kolkata, West Bengal, India 6 P Dureja Director Gurpreet Singh Wander Divya Delhi Pain Management Center Professor and Head PG Student New Delhi, India Department of Cardiology Contributors xiii I
Dayanand Medical College and Hospital Joy Chakraborty KVGKTiIak DMC Heart Institute Unit HERO Jyotirmoy Pal Consultant Physician Punjab, India Ludhiafla, Professor Visakhapatnam, India Gursaran Sidhu Department of General Medicine Leena Singh Consultant Physician College of Medicine and Sagar Managing Director Dutta Hospital Sidhu Hospital DHRC Punjab, India Kolkata, West Bengal, India Dhanbad, Jharkhand, India
KNagesh Hardeep Singh Malhotra Lekha Adik-Pathak Consultant Department of Neurology Physician and Director Head of the Department of Cardiology Nagesh Hospital Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujib Medical Manab Kumar Ghosh Sahay Clinic and Research Centre University Assistant Professor Telangana, India Dhaka, Bangladesh Department of Tropical Medicine Manotosh Panja Calcutta School of Tropical Medicine Madhucharida Kar Kolkata, West Bengal, India Director Interventional Cardiology Clinical Director Belle View Hospital, Kolkata, India Department of Medical Oncology and Manabendra Nayak Mathew Thomas Hematooncology Senior Consultant Peerless Hospital and Department of Medicine Professor Hospitals Internal Medicine and Hematology Visiting Medical Oncologist, SGCRI Downtown Guwahati, Assam, India KIMSHospital and CSIMedical College Thakurpukur, Kolkata, India Postgraduate Teacher Trivandrum, Kerala, India Madhumanti Panja DNBMedicine and Family Medicine Meghna Gupta Madhur Rai Maneesh Bhargava Student Medical Administrator Assistant Professor Adesh Institute of Medical Sciences and MGM Institute of Health Sciences Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, Critical Research (AIMSR) Former CMO and CEO Care and Sleep Bathinda, Punjab, India International Sahaja Yoga Centre Mangesh Tiwaskar MK Daga Navi Mumbai, Maharashtra, India Consultant Physician & Diabetologist, Director, Professor Madhura S Prasad Umrao Multi Speciality Hospital & Department of Medicine and I/C Medical Research Centre, Mira Road, Mumbai VGM Hospital Institute of ICU Gastroenterology Asian Heart Institute & Research Centre, Maulana Azad Medical College BKC,Mumbai, India Coimbatore, Tamil Nadu, India New Delhi, India Madhuri Behari Manish Goel Mohammad Asim Siddiqui Department of Medicine Professor Apollo Centre for Obesity, Diabetes & All India Institute of Medical Sciences Department of Neurology Endocrinology (ACODE) (AIIMS) All India Institute of Medical Sciences Indraprastha Apollo Hospital New Delhi, India New Delhi, India New Delhi, India Manish Maj. Gen. Velu Nair Mohan V Fellow Senior Consultant Chairman & Chief Diabetologist, Critical Care Medicine Department of Medicine and Dr Mohan’s Diabetes Specialities Indraprastha Apollo Hospitals Hematology CentreMadras Diabetes Research New Delhi, India DGAFMS Foundation ICMRAdvanced Center for New Delhi, India Manisha Dwivedi Genomics of Type 2 Diabetes Malladi VSSubbalaxmi Department of Gastroenterology and Dr Mohan’s Diabetes Specialities Center Health Organization Collaborating Associate Professor (Infectious Diseases) Hepatology World Center for Non-Communicable Diseases Department of General Medicine Moti Lal Nehru Medical College Prevention and Control Nizam’s Institute of Medical Sciences Allahabad, Uttar Pradesh, India International Diabetes Federation Centre Hyderabad, Telangana, India Manisha Sahay of Education Mamun-AI-Mahtab Professor and Head Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India Associate Professor Department of Nephrology Department of Hepatology Osmania Medical College and General Mohanjeet Kaur Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujib Medical Hospital Consultant Physician University Hyderabad, Telangana, India Shri Raghunath Hospital Dhaka, Bangladesh Consultant Nephrologist Ludhiana, Punjab, India Contributors xv Molly M Thabah All India Institute of Medical Sciences Om Prakash Kaira New Delhi, india ssociate Professor Professor of Medicine Department of Medicine zrneflt Nidhi Sharma - ,vaharIaI Institute of Postgraduate Division of Nephrology dical Education and Nihal Thomas University College of Medical Sciences (University of Delhi), GTBHospital, 5sch (JIPMER) Professor and Head Dilshad Garden, Delhi, India uducherry, India Department of Endocrinology, Diabetes MR Behera and Metabolism P Kar Christian Medical College Assistant Professor Director Professor of Medicine & Postgraduate Department of Medicine Vellore, Tamil Nadu, India Gastroenterologist,Department of SCBMedical College Medicine,Maulana Azad Medical College, :uttack, Odisha, India Nirag Tupkar New Delhi, India Department of Medicine Munish Prabhakar Downtown Hospitals P Krishna Prasanthi Physician, Diabetes and Sr Thnsultant Guwahati, Assam, India Consultant Physician and Diabetologist Dventive Cardiology. Medical Director Harshitha Hospital and Best’s Diabetic Gurgaon, Harayana, India Privat Hospital Niteen D Karnik Care Center Tirupati, Andhra Pradesh, India MV Padma Srivastava Professor rofessor Medicine & I/C MICU Palaniappen )epdrtment of neurology Department of Medicine Managing Director of Medical Sciences Seth GS Medical College & KEMHospital All India Institute Dr V Palaniyappen’s Diabetes Specialities New Delhi, India Parel, Mumbai, Maharashtra, India Center and Sri Sakthi Vinayakar Multispecialitity Mythri Shankar NKSingh Hospital Nuclear Medicine Physician Director Guziliamparai, Dindigul (DT),Tamil Nadu, Special Interest PET-CT Imaging and Diabetes and Heart Research Centre India DEXABonedensitometry [DHRCJ Pankaj Agarwal Head and Senior Consultant Dhanbad, Jharkhand, India Nuclear Medicine Consultant Endocrinologist Apollo International Hospital NKSoni Hormone Care and Research Center Bengaluru, Karnataka, India Consultant and Head Ghaziabad, Uttar Pradesh, India Narendra Kotwal Cardiodiabetologist Partha Sarathi Karmakar Prof and HOD Endocrinology Army Department of Internal Medicine Professor Hospital R&RDelhi, India Yasoda Superspeciality Hospital and Department of General Medicine Heart Institute RG Kar Medical College Narotam BhaIla Ghaziabad, Uttar Pradesh, India Kolkata, West Bengal, India Professor Department of Medicine NP Singh Paturi V Rao SGRDIMS&R Chairman Senior Professor and Head Amritsar Punjab, India Department of Medicine and Allied Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism Narsingh Specialities Verma Nizam’s Institute of Medical Sciences Senior Consultant in Nephrology Professor of Department of Physiology University Pushpanjali Crosslay Hospital KingGeorge Medical University Hyderabad, Telangana, India Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh India NCRDelhi, India Pawan Rawal Neeraj Parakh Olumide Gbolahan Consultant in Gastroenterology ssistant Professor Morehouse School of Medicine Fortis Memorial Research Institute epartment of Cardiology Atlanta, GA, USA Gurgaon, Haryana, India xvi Medicine Update—2015 Pawan Tiwari Armed Forces Medical Services (AFMS) Type 2 Diabetes Senior Resident Doctor of Science (Honoris Causa) Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India Department of Pulmonary Medicine and Surgeon to His Holiness Dalai [ama Radhika Jindal Sleep Disorders Executive Vice Chairman Apollo Centre for Obesity, Diabetes & All India Institute of Medical Sciences Chairman, Surgery and Allied Surgical Endocrinology (ACODE) New Delhi, India Specialities Director, Institute of Minimal Access, Indraprastha Apollo Hospital Payal Jam Metabolic and Bariatric Surgery New Delhi, India Assistant Professor Max Healthcare Institute Ltd. Ragini Singh Department of General Medicine New Delhi, India School of Medical Science and Research Senior Resident Department of (SMS&R) Prashant Bendre Pathology Sharda Hospital and University Department of Cardiology and Department of Medicine and Clinical Greater Noida, Uttar Pradesh, India Nephrology, Jaswant Rai Speciality Hematology Hospital, Meerut, Uttar Pradesh, India Pt. BDSharma PGIMS PC Bhattacharyya Rohtak, Haryana, India Senior Consultant and Head Prashant Nasa Department of Medicine Specialist Raj Kumar Downtown Hospitals Critical Care Medicine Professor and Head Formerly NMC Speciality Hospital Department of Respiratory Allergy and Professor and Head Dubai, United Arab Emirates (UAE) Applied Immunology, and Department of Medicine National Center of Respiratory Allergy, Prashant Prakash Gauhati Medical College Asthma and Immunology (NCRAAI) Associate Professor Guwahati, Assam, India Vallabhbhai Patel Chest Institute, PG Department of Medicine Postgraduate teacher University of Delhi, New Delhi, India SN Medical College DNB Medicine and Family Medicine Agra, Uttar Pradesh, India Rajeev Agarwala PD Pahwa Department of Cardiology and Praveen Gupta Senior Consultant Physician, Nephrology Director and Head of Dept. Neurology Gurgaon, Haryana, India Jaswant Rai Speciality Hospital Artemis Hospital Meerut, Uttar Pradesh, India Pikee Saxena Gurgaon, Haryana, India Professor Praveen Path Rajeev Gupta Department of Obstetrics and VGM Hospital Institute of Head Gynecology Gastroenterology Coimbatore, Tamil Department of Medicine and Director Lady Hardinge Medical College and Nadu, India Research Associated Hospitals President, Association of Physicians of Fortis Escorts Hospital New Delhi, India India (API) Jaipur, Rajasthan, India PKSasidharan PS Ghalaut Rajesh Chawla Professor and Head Head Senior Consultant Department of Medicine Department of Medicine and Clinical Respiratory Medicine and Critical Care Government Medical College Hematology Indraprastha Apollo Hospitals Kozhikode, Kerala, India New Delhi, India Q Fatima Pradeep Chowbey Associate Professor, Pathology Rajesh Gothi Sardar Patel Medical College (SPMC) Padma Shri Awarded by the President of Senior Consultant Bikaner, Rajasthan, India India Radiologist Honorary Laparoscopic Surgeon to the Radha V Saket City Hospital and South Delhi President of India Madras Diabetes Research Foundation Ultrasound and X-ray Clinic Honorary Laparoscopic Surgeon to ICMRAdvanced Center for Genomics of New Delhi, India Medical Drofessor SGRDIMS&R, Associate Rheumatology Rathindra Department Department New Hanjeet Max Randeep (okata, Department Hospital, Hospital, Command Ramesh Honorary Tnakurpukur, Bengaluru, Ramakant Medical Incharge Rakesh ECHS Rakesh Medical Ludhiana, Davanand Unit DM Rakendra epartment Rajiv Medicine, Sciences research Rajiv 5 5 c-38,GUrgaofl, European EndoscoPist RajeSh 9stitute ssociate Superspeciality Resident Delhi, HERO Gandhi Polyclinic, Goyal West College Roy Parikh Specialist Pun Kaur Specialist Dargad Powai, Bandra of and Of Professor Singh Cardiologist Centre, Punjab, Nath Diploma DirectOr(TheraPeutlc Hospital Jaipur Medical Singh India Karnataka, Singh DMC Palliative of of of Digestive Amritsar of & Cancer Bengal, Head Kolkata, Medicine Medicine Medical Endosonologist)Medanta Cardiology Jaipur, Mumbai, Sarkar (W) Heart Golden Haryana Delhi, India College (Air in Hospital Institute & Care, India Adult & at India India Punjab, Institute Rajasthan, Hiranandani oncology Force) India Hepatobiliary and Leelavati Hospital India SGCCRI and Respiratory and India Hospital and India S Asian Professor Maulana Hyderabad, Department Cologne, Rupjyoti Rupert DLR Education Clinical Kolkata, Joshi Department Institute Rudra Post-Doctoral Ruby Nutritionist Rohit Senior Ajmer, Indraprastha JLN Rohini Senior Rishab Department DHRC, Research Richa Lucknow, Allahabad, King Department Senior Ravindra Ravindra Moti Department Hepatology Ravi Anuradha Institute Medical George Clinic, Institute Kant Sound Lal Dargad Manaswita Prosad Consultant, Rajasthan, Resident Dhanbad, Immunology Physician Gerzer Handa Sharma West of Azad Germany Talukdar of Nehru Fellow and Uttar Kumar Gupta Postgraduate Telangana, Uttar Mumbai, Medicine of of College of of of Medical Apollo of Trainee Bengal, Medical of Research Goswami Gastroenterology Rheumatology Aerospace Medicine Neurology Pradesh, Gastroenterology Medical Gastroenterology Jharkhand, Pradesh, India Garg Rheumatologist Hospitals Maharashtra, University India College India College Medical India India Medicine India and and India Joshi Samika AIIMS, Senior Research Sameer Department Diabetology Diabetology Editor- President, Vivekananda Immediate Practice President, Sciences, Member, Davidson’s Samar Department Saul Thoothukudi, Sundaram Kolkata, Department National Professor Sachin Coimbatore, Coimbatore Department S All Chennai, Professor Dr S Jaswant (AIIMS), Department Meerut, S Nephrology Department New Bahadur Sinha Usha Nagendra MGR India Clinic, Kumar Delhi, Resident New in- Banerjee S Bhabalsure Vyas of West Medical Associate New Rai Medical Institute Uttar Joshi Tamil Editorial Kolkata, Shah ChieL Association DIPSI Arulrha) Medicine Principle Past Mumbai, Delhi, India of of Medical Speciality of Pal Tamil of of of Institute Boopathy Tamil Bengal, Delhi, Surgery Pradesh, Zafar Medicine Medicine Nadu, Medicine Medicine President, Cardiology Journal University College West of India Committee Nadu, Hospitals Nadu, and India Text Medical Marg College Maharashtra, India India of of Hospital Bengal, of India Contributors Clinical Medical Book India India RSSDI Clinical and Hospital Sciences of India the India I xvii xviii Sandeep Professor Postgraduate Sahaja In-charge: Metabolic Sandeep Director: MGM Sandhya Saridhya Navi Formal Sanjay KEM All Mumbai, Retired (AIIMS) Sanjay New Department Sanjay DM Karnal, Bharti All Professor (AIIMS), Department Atlanta, Sanjay JLN Morehouse Sanjiv Ajmer, Professor Department Santosh Consultant Saroj Patna, India India I Endocrinology Mumbai, Medical Hospital Delhi, Medicine Institute Yoga Hospital Mondal Dean Gupta Maheshwari Kaira Professor Bihar, Haryana, Rajasthan, Kumar Riain Institute Research GA, New Institute Rai and Gulati Satsangi India Kamath Singh Division, Disorders and India Centre Physician School of & of Department USA College of Unit & India Delhi, Maharashtra, Update—2015 Head of Prof Agarwal and Endocrinology Nephrology Seth Medicine Thakur India Health of of Nephrology Program, Head India Diabetes (AIIMS) of of BRIDE Medical India Medical G Medicine Medicine S Sciences Medical of International India and Medicine Sciences Sciences College, Sattik Assistant Department Satyabrata IPGMER Kolkata, Shalimar Ex All Medical Department (AIIMS), Shashank Joshi Consultant Grant Shefali Assistant Hospitals, Rheumatology Department Post Shibendu Chandigarh, Education Consultant Shilpa Kolkata, Department Shilpa Consultant New Maulana Mumbai, Shivani Consultant Vasant Department Medicine FIt Prof India LtRajanDhall Graduate Clinic, Delhi, Siddhanta Medical of Arora S West Khanna and College, Kunj, New Institute Professor India Swami Joshi Professor Medicine, Azad Mumbai Maharashtra, and R and Ghosh Endocrinologist Ganguly Physician, Lilavati of Nutritionist India SSKM of Joshi of India of Delhi, of Bengal, New College General Institute Gastroenterology Research Medical Division Medical Medicine Medicine Pulmonology, Sharma Kolkata, Fortis of Hospital Delhi, , and India Medical Maharashtra, India and Medicine Hospital Critical Bhatia College of and India (PGIMER) India India Medical Sir Sciences Dietitian ii Sleep Hospital Care Group India of VGM Shujaath Coimbatore, Gastroenterology Sidhartha Senior Senior SCB Diabetes Cuttack, Postgraduate Sirisha Associate Simhapuri Consultant SK Nellore, All Department SM (AIIMS), Tokyo, Toshiba Department Smita Principal Ahmedabad, Consultant SN Vidyapati Dr The Padmashree Adjunct SN Patna, SNN Alwarret, University SNN Alwarpet, Managing India Acharya India BC Arya Medical Narasingan Fazie Tamil Hospital Specialities Diagnostic Consultant Professor Roy Shah Japan K Bihar Andhra Odisha, General New Institute Professor Asif Investigator Professor, Akbar Das Marg, Hospitals Nadu National Rheumatologist Chennai, Director Chennai Nutritionist Tamil College of of Department Awardee Institute India India Delhi, M Gastroenterology Medical Pradesh, India Centre Dr. Hospital Back Clinic of in Nadu, Awardee India Rheumatology MGR Medicine Medical Tamil Museum of Sciences India India Medical of Nadu, Sciences Medicine and and Road 2345 ‘rinivasa SR Department Mittal SP ubharti SP Moti HeDatology SSKM Clinic, All :Iucation •uest umitra Department ‘uurnita Centre gathinda, Dikata, Kishori Senior Sofia n-charge, WBUHS, India College epartment Nehru ]]ahabad, Assistant Somak sDetOmics, me cerut, Decartmeflt CMS), oartment :sistant spartment stDoro,OR97oQ6 fessor Mittal Sondhi Misra India NW Lal Hospital Faculty Hospital Rajasthan, Institute Arora Consultant, Memorial Ram Uttar Tamil Nehru Medical Amberbrook of New Institute Kumar R Kalyani, Professor Bagchi and Ghosh Obesity Professor Punjab, Uttar Nagalla Medicine of of of of Inc. of Hospital of Pradesh, Delhi, Nadu, and Cardiology Research Medicine Gastroenterology Medical of Medicine Nephrology Medicine Pradesh, Das College India of West Postgraduate Hospital and India Research Diet India Medical India and and Drive India Lifestyle College Bengal, and Jawaharlal India Diabetes Center Nutrition Sciences Diseases Medical and Care Critical Fellow Suhail SMS India Nodal Program Nodal Senior Sudhir Jaipur, Unit SMS Consultant Senior Sudhir Department New Sudhakar Chief,Technology Marico Command Bengaluru, Subramanian Immunology) Senior School Kolkata, Subhasish Department Professor New Apollo lndraprastha Subhash Endocrinology 55KM Kolkata, Education Assistant Institute Subhankar Department Subhadeep Medical Head Medical Delhi, Officer, Delhi, Officer, S Professor Care Rajasthan, Professor Advisor Mehta Hospital Bhandari of Ltd Centre Siddiqui West West of Tropical Kumar Professor Mhaskar Hospital Physician India and Karnataka, Medicine Kamal India of Post College College of Haldar Stem Hemophilia of Apollo Banerjee Bengal, for Bengal, Shankar Medicine (Medicine (ACODE) Tropical Research! of Rheumatology Officer Graduate India Wangnoo Obesity, Medicine Medicine Guha Cell (Air & and and Hospital India India Hospital, India Research Force) Medicine and Diabetologist Hospital Program and Diabetes Medical Scientist & Clinical Medical Jaipur, & Assistant Swaroop Department Kakinada, Department Rangaraya SV Professor Kolkata, Assistant RG Suvrendu Department Chandigarh, Assistant Education Department Postgraduate Surinder New Professor Suresh Maulana Kolkata, Surendra Consultant Vallabhbhai Delhi, Physiology Department Consultant Pulmonary Head Sunil New Max Institute Metabolism Sujeet Tata Director Parel, Department Ramanamurty Kar Delhi, Health Memorial Delhi, K India Medical Mumbai, West Kumar Jha Chhabra Professor India Abhimanyoo Professor Azad Andhra Professor S of of Medical and Sankar Daga Rana India Physicians of and of of India India Endocrinology, of Medicine Patel Care of Institute Bengal, of Neurology Research Medicine General Medical Gastroenterology College Cardiorespiratory Hospital Critical Anesthesia Maharashtra, Pradesh, Chest Kar College India of College Medicine Pawar Care (PGIMER) Institute Medical Contributors India Diabetes Medicine India and I xix xx T Greenville, Assistant Greenville University Coimbatore TKartheek Chennai, GKNM Tarun Dr Department Coimbatore, Aditya Sr. Tiny Department Trivandrum, TR Pune, Head Department PRS Subharti Professor Department Udas Meerut, Professor Department RG Kolkata, Professor Sanjay Uday Department Medical Sri URK Lucknow, Director, Hyderabad, Geetha MGR Consultant Sirohi Medicine Kar Deepti Hospital Nair Rao Chandra Maharashtra, Jeloka C Birla Hospital Gandhi Medical Medical Ghoshal West Tamil Sciences Uttar Professor Medical Consultant of Health Uttar South Rheumatology Medical Memorial of Tamil of South Telangana, Kerala, of of Update—2015 of of and Bengal, Pradesh, Nadu, Internal Nephrology Postgraduate Cardiology Medicine Medicine Ghosh Gastroenterology College Pradesh, University Carolina, System College Coordinator Nadu, of Carolina India India College Rheumatologist India Medicine Hospital India Medicine India and India India India Centre USA Hospital Hospital Institute of Associate Uttam V Department Aminjikarai, Kishanganj, Chairman MGM Vice Dr Dr (DIPSI) Vaibhav Diabetes International Pregnancy Member Varun Expert DH Rearch Dhanbad, VB DNB Department New Rajiv Consultant Research St Ved Ghaziabad, Department.of Chief Army VG Department VGM Gastroenterology New Vijay Associate Coimbatore, Patna, Patna Seshiah V Joseph’s Balaji RC Jindal Mohanprasad Seshiah Chairman Chaturvedi Resident Delhi, Gandhi Delhi, Medical Consultant Hospital Achari Hospital Kumar Review Goel Medical Fellow Bihar, Diabetes Agnihotri In Professor Centre Jharkhand, Study Professor Bihar Pregnancy and India Hospital India Chennai, Uttar of Diabetes of of Cancer Association Tamil India College Paul Committee-WHO Medicine Institute (R College Medical Internal Rheumatology Head Group India & Pradesh, Care Nadu, R) (Medicine) Institute Tamil India Research Study Centre and of (IADPSG) Oncology Medicine of India India Nadu, Hospital Diabetes Group, and Institute India India and Vijay Vijay Transplantation Chairman Vijay Department Gurgaon, Medanta-The Vikas Center, Head Associate Prof. MV Vimal Christian Department Army Vineet Ludhiana, Delhi, Senior Vinod Department Rajiv Sir Research Vinod New Jawaharlal Associate Mumbai, Vipin Senior Medical Department Puducherry, Crosslay Ghaziabad, GSVM Fortis Professor Kanpur, HN Hospital M Bodh Kher Delhi, and Gandhi Viswanathan Hospital Loomba India Mishra Upret Hospital, Consultant Hospital K KV Chennai, Viswanathan Consultant Medical Taiwar Uttar Education Shah Medical Haryana, Hospital Centre Chief Professor Maharashtra, Punjab, Professor of Institute India of Uttar for of of India of Cancer Medicine Medicity Pradesh, Research Nephrology Medicine Medical Diabetologist and Medicine College Diabetes Noida Tamil College Pradesh India Endocrinologist India and Research of Institute Diabetes and Nadu, (Formerly) Postgraduate Research India India Oncology and and and Pushpanjali and Referral India and Centre Hospital Research Renal xxi Contributors I Vivekanand iha Head of the Department Vishal RTandOn ssistant Professor Professor of Nephrology Physician Professor rmaColO/ University of Oxford Department of Medicine Govt. Medical College Executive Director Yadati Sathyanarayana Raju jammu, Jammu and Kashmir, India George Institute for Global Health New Delhi, India Professor Vishesh Agarwal Department of Medicine Resident Senior VKBahi Head of Unit 1 of Medicine rment Professor and Head Nizam’s Institute of Medical Sciences Seth GS Medical College and KEM Department of Cardiology Hyderabad, Telangana, India Mumbai, Maharashtra, India Hospital, All India Institute of Medical Sciences tshwanath Reddy U New Delhi, India Yogesh Asija Army Hospital Research and Referral Vitull KGupta VN Mishra Delhi, India ::sultant Physician Professor Hospital and Diabetes Care shcri Ram Department of Medicine YogeshKChawla Centre Pt. JNM Medical College and BRAM Director of Post Graduate Institute sociate Professor Hospital, Raipur, Chhattisgarh, India of Education and Research :esh Institute of Medical Sciences and Medical (PGIMER), Chandigarh, India earch (AIMSR) VR Pattabhi Raman Bathinda, Punjab, India Consultant Pulmonologist Yojana Gokhale Vivek I.oomba Kovai Medical Center and Hospital Professor of Medicine of Anesthesiology and Pain (KMCH) oartment In-charge of Rheumatology Services led icine Tamil Nadu, India Coimbatore, Lokmanya Tilak Medical College Henry Ford Hospital Sion, Mumbai, Maharashtra, India Detroit, Michigan, USA VS Prasadh Department of Internal Medicine Vivek Nangia GKNM Hospital Infectious Diseases (UK) Coimbatore, Tamil Nadu, India Director Department of Pulmonology, Sleep Y Bhasker Medicine and Medical Critical Care Rtd. Additional Director Fit Lt RajanDhall Fortis Hospital Department of Medical Education, Govt. Vasant Kunj, New Delhi, India of Andhra Pradesh