By: Sina Vali Rad Mahyar Parsasirat Supervisor: Erik Loxbo 1 Blekinge Institute of Technology (BTH) Examiner: Sven Johansson October 2015 Abstract
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By: Sina Vali Rad Mahyar Parsasirat Supervisor: Erik Loxbo 1 Blekinge Institute of Technology (BTH) Examiner: Sven Johansson October 2015 Abstract Iran is a very vast country with about 80 million population that they are really fragmented. Providing electricity power for all the society which is duty of power ministry of Iran according to the resources and facilities. The thesis gives an overview of production of electrical energy in Iran and how the production is divided on different energy sources. At the present time there are 197 power plants are producing electricity to support the country that they are combination of 8 kind of different power plants which are thermal power plants, gas power stations, combined cycles, hydro power plants, biogas plants, wind power stations, solar plants and nuclear power stations. During the last decade Iran took care of renewable energy sources to produce electricity that cause wind power plants and solar power plants can take a small share from the total production. Although they are not play a serious role yet but the policy of the country is improving these kind of power plants. For each source the production principle is described briefly by help of a diagram and also there is a table of all power plants which are included details of each power plant like: name of power plant, state (location) , year of installation, nominal power, gross power, efficiency, consumption (fuel, water,…) and so on. For each kind of power plants there is a bar chart which compares the nominal power of all power plants at a glance and also there is a map that the location of each station has been marked on. Total data for production in a year has been presented. Also there is a list of power plants which they are under construction and will be ready in future. For transmitting electricity power in the country there are four kind of transmission lines which are: 400 KV, 230 KV, 132 KV and 66 KV. The development of each kind of transmission lines since 1963 is presented in a table and a chart. Also Iran has export and import electricity with 8 neighbor countries like: Iraq, Afghanistan, Azerbaijan, Turkmenistan, Turkey, Pakistan, Armenia and Nakhjavan. The range of exchange since 1993 is shown in a table and a chart. 1 Table of contents Abstract.....................................................................................................................................................1 Table of contents ......................................................................................................................................2 Introduction...............................................................................................................................................3 History of electricity in Iran .......................................................................................................................3 Producing electricity power in Iran ...........................................................................................................6 1. Thermal power plant..................................................................................................................6 2. Gas power plant .......................................................................................................................13 3. Combined cycle plant ...............................................................................................................25 4. Hydro power stations................................................................................................................33 5. Wind power plant......................................................................................................................40 6. Nuclear power plant...................................................................................................................44 7. Solar power plant.......................................................................................................................46 8. Biogas power plants...................................................................................................................49 Total overview of production.....................................................................................................................53 Production overview through the history..................................................................................................56 The power plants development and improvement for future...................................................................59 Transmission lines......................................................................................................................................61 Exchange Electricity with Neighboring Countries.......................................................................................67 Conclusion..................................................................................................................................................70 References and resources...........................................................................................................................71 2 Introduction In the research we are going to explain four major parts that they are: History of electricity in Iran, production, transmission and exchanging electricity. In history part we will consider about how electricity start its life and how improved during years in Iran. Contemporary history has divided to two part of before 1979 and after that.in 1979 a revolution has happened in Iran what has effected on everything. In the production part we will describe how electricity is producing in Iran. In fact Iran is producing electricity by using of different power plants like: thermal, gas, combined cycle, hydro, wind power, solar, nuclear and biogas.in this part all of these eight kind of power plants will be described at first as a general to be familiar that how they work. After that we have a table with various information about all the specific kind of power plants and then a chart which compares the nominal power of all the listed power plants together. And at the end there is a map that shows the position of the power plants. All the maps are created by ourselves. Since there were not published officially we search every plant one by one on the map and then marked their exact coordinates. Next part is transmission part which will explain the length of different kind of transmission lines and the way of their improvement during time by help of tables and charts. Also there is a map for 400 KV and 230 KV lines. The last part show us a table and a chart to describe the exchanged power electricity with neighboring countries. History of electricity in Iran Thomas Edison has opened his first institute of commercial electricity in New York City in 1882. Three years after that, in 1885, Iran imported a 3kilo watt generator for the purpose of providing the lightening of the royal palace. The generator has an “Otto” motor and it worked with the energy of burning coal. Fifteen years later Iran has imported a generator by 12 Horsepower in an “Otto-Deutz” motor and after that the government import another one by 25 horsepower 3 years later to improve the first station in 1906. In the same year the government has issued the license of building power electricity factory for selling to the public. The Industry of electricity was ready in 6 month. The purpose of the electricity was only for lightening and only for five or seven hours during nights. The generator of the industry had 400 KW power, three phase and 220/380 voltage and the electricity was connected to a distribution net by 800 diameter around the industry. Providing the lightening of the streets, distributing net, installation the net of homes and even 3 installation of the lamps were all the duties of the industry. The price of the electricity was based on number and power of the installed lamps (16, 25 or 32). From 1920 to 1930 some private sponsors were interested in producing electricity and many small industries appears in different cities. Even some companies and industries had their own power supplier. But all of these companies were not organized and work separately. In 25th of December of 1937 a steam power station started to work which was built in check and Slovakia to provide 24 hours electricity power in Tehran. The power station could provide 6400 KW electricity. Indeed the private sector were interested in producing power electricity since there were existed 32 private company in Tehran in 1962. From 1948 until 1955 during a first 7 years Improving plan the government bought numbers of diesel generators ( 50 , 100 , 150 KW ) and spread them out in the whole country.by the end of the 1955 the total power producer in the country was 40 MW and the rate of produced energy was about 200 GWH in year. During second 7 years Improving plan period (1955 – 1962) the Iran has divided to four area of power distribution and the projects of water power stations has started. Four of the most important achievement in this period are: 1. Dez Dam 130 MW 2. Karaj Dam 91 MW 3. White river Dam 35 MW 4. Tarasht thermal power plant 50 MW In 1962 the third Improving plan period started and government dedicated more budget to electricity power department. The goals in this period of plan were: 1. Providing power electricity for 8 big city (first priority) 2. Providing power electricity for 17 smaller city (second priority) 3. Providing small cities (third priority) During this period