Innovative Electrical Engineering for a Low Carbon City
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THE HONG KONG INSTITUTION OF ENGINEERS ELECTRICAL DIVISION The 30th Annual Symposium Thursday 18th October 2012 INNOVATIVE ELECTRICAL ENGINEERING FOR A LOW CARBON CITY at Ballroom Sheraton Hotel Nathan Road Kowloon Hong Kong SYMPOSIUM PROGRAMME 08.30 Registration and Coffee 09.00 Welcome Address – Ir Albert W.K. To Chairman, Electrical Division, The HKIE 09.05 Opening Address – Ir Raymond K.S. Chan Senior Vice President, The HKIE 09.10 Keynote Speech – Mr Liam G. O’Sullivan Programme Director Low Carbon London, UK 1. Green Power System Development 09.40 Operation & Maintenance Initiatives and Practices of the Standalone PV System on Town Island – Mr Raymond Ho, Engineer I – Mr Wilson K.W. Chan, Engineer II East & West Region CLP Power Hong Kong Limited 10.00 Contributing Towards a Low Carbon City – Green Initiatives by HK Electric – Ir Raymond W.M. Choi Chief Customer Services Engineer The Hongkong Electric Co. Ltd. 10.20 Discussion 10.40 Coffee Break - 1 - 2. Innovative Projects and Initiatives 11.10 Generation Dispatch Methodology under Low Carbon Emission Scenario – Dr Y.H. Hou Assistant Professor Department of Electrical & Electronic Engineering University of Hong Kong 11.30 Zero Carbon Building and its Key Carbon Neutrality Strategies – Ir Dr G.Y. Li Senior Manager (Research) Construction Industry Council – Ir Dr Raymond M.H. Yau, Director Ove Arup & Partners Hong Kong Ltd. 11.50 Latest Technologies of Lighting Design to Achieve Low Carbon Living – Mr Kelon K.K. Yan Manager, Lighting Division Megaman (HK) Electrical & Lighting Ltd. 12.10 Discussion 12.30 Lunch 3. Energy Efficient Railway System 14.10 Fully Automatic Operation (FAO) System Design in South Island Line (East) Project – Ir C.L. Leung Chief E&M Engineer Projects Division MTR Corporation Limited - 2 - 14.30 Design Considerations for High Speed Train – Ir C.S. Chan, Acting Project Manager – Rolling Stock – Ms Sha Wong, Engineering Manager – Rolling Stock & Signalling Projects Division MTR Corporation Limited 14.50 Discussion 15.10 Coffee Break 4. Towards Low Carbon Excellence 15.40 New Baseline on Energy Efficiency of Electrical Installations for Low Carbon Development – Ir Dominic S.K. Lau, Senior Engineer – Ir David W.H. Li, Engineer Electrical & Mechanical Services Department The Government of the HKSAR 16.00 Introducing Carbon Audit for Greener Government Sewage Treatment Facilities in Hong Kong – Dr Daniel T.W. Tang Senior Chemist Drainage Services Department The Government of the HKSAR 16.20 Discussion 16.45 Summing Up – Ir Dr K.M. Leung Symposium Chairman Electrical Division, The HKIE Closing Address – Ir F. Chan, JP Director Electrical & Mechanical Services Department The Government of the HKSAR - 3 - Acknowledgement The Electrical Division of The Hong Kong Institution of Engineers would like to express its sincere appreciation and gratitude to the following persons and organizations for their contributions to the Symposium : Speakers / Authors Mr Liam G. O’Sullivan Mr Kelon K.K. Yan Ir F. Chan, JP Ir C.L. Leung Ir Raymond K.S. Chan Ir C.S. Chan Mr Raymond Ho Ms Sha Wong Mr Wilson K.W. Chan Ir Dominic S.K. Lau Ir Raymond W.M. Choi Ir David W.H. Li Dr Y.H. Hou Dr Daniel T.W. Tang Ir Dr G.Y. Li Ir Dr Raymond M.H. Yau Sponsors Siemens Ltd. CLP Power Hong Kong Ltd. The Hongkong Electric Co., Ltd. Junefair Engineering Co. Ltd. Kum Shing Group The Jardine Engineering Corporation Ltd. Best Honor Electrical Ltd. C&K Instrument (HK) Ltd. Keystone Electric Wire & Cable Co. Ltd. Alstom Grid Ltd. MTR Corporation Ltd. Greenland Engineering Co., Ltd. Mitsubishi Electric (Hong Kong) Ltd. Meiden Pacific (China) Ltd. TE Connectivity Hong Kong Ltd. Wenden Engineering Service Co., Ltd. Metrix Engineering Co., Ltd. Chat Horn Engineering Ltd. FSE Engineering Group Ltd. Beghelli Asia Pacific Ltd. Schneider Electric (Hong Kong) Limited The Hong Kong & Kowloon Electric Trade Association Hong Kong Electrical Contractors’ Association Ltd. - 4 - 30TH ANNUAL SYMPOSIUM ORGANIZING COMMITTEE Symposium Chairman : Ir Dr K.M. Leung Members : Ir Albert W.K. To Ir Geoffrey L. Chan Ir C.L. Leung Ir Siu-Kwong Ho Ir Sai-King Ho Ir T.K. Chiang Ir C.L. Wong Ir Mandy M.Y. Leung Ir Steve K.K. Chan Hon. Secretary and Treasurer : Ir Y.K. Chu Note : All material in this booklet is copyright and may not be reproduced in whole or in part without written permission from The Hong Kong Institution of Engineers. The views expressed are not necessary those of the Electrical Division or the Institution. - 5 - Paper No. 1 OPERATION & MAINTENANCE INITIATIVES AND PRACTICES OF THE STANDALONE PV SYSTEM ON TOWN ISLAND Speakers : Mr Raymond Ho, Engineer I Mr Wilson K.W. Chan, Engineer II East & West Region CLP Power Hong Kong Limited OPERATION & MAINTENANCE INITIATIVES AND PRACTICES OF THE STANDALONE PV SYSTEM ON TOWN ISLAND Mr Raymond Ho, Engineer I Mr Wilson K.W. Chan, Engineer II East & West Region Paper CLP Power Hong Kong Limited No. 1 ABSTRACT With the increasing PV installations in buildings for cleaner energy, many of which have been This paper provides a real case reference for the installed on the exterior walls or above building operation and maintenance of a standalone renewable canopies, it may not be always feasible to access energy system in Hong Kong. The system in this case these installations for routine checking. Failure study is the first commercial standalone renewable of one PV panel alone will suspend the output energy system in Hong Kong, located on Town Island. of a whole PV string. Prolonged failure may Due to remoteness of the Island, this renewable energy cause further damage to other PV panels. In system cannot be economically connected to the power extreme case, it may even result in a fire. grid and therefore has to operate in standalone mode Therefore, a method without accessing these to supply electricity. With construction works separated panels at close distance for problem identification into two stages, the first stage to provide 19.8kW peak is a clear preference. capacity of solar photovoltaic (PV) generation has been in operation since January 2010. Construction of the In this paper, a method using infrared (IR) second stage is in progress. This paper summarises the imaging or thermal imaging is discussed for PV experience gained from the operation and maintenance panel inspection. The method has been of the system thus far. It also shares a non-interrupt implemented at CLP Power Hong Kong since approach to potential fault identification by thermal July 2010 on different polycrystalline PV panels imaging (or infrared imaging), which can be applied with encouraging results. The advantage of the to other grid-connected PV systems as well. method is that it does not require disconnection of PV panels for output measurement and therefore is easy, yet effective and efficient to implement. In addition to this innovative method, 1. INTRODUCTION this paper also highlights our experience in the routine operation and maintenance of the PV In 2009, CLP Power Hong Kong Limited system using conventional practices. commissioned the first commercial standalone PV system on Town Island (also known as Dawn Figure 1 Stage 1 PV Yard of Town Island Island). As electricity demand on the Island Renewable Energy Supply Project grows, the PV system is now being expanded as the second and final stage development. By end 2012, a total of 180kW PV panels will be commissioned. With the PV system entering the operation phase, conventional engineering problems in failure prevention for PV panels are unavoidable. To provide a stable and reliable power source to serve the basic needs of residents on the Island, an effective approach to identify potential failures among hundreds of PV panels is necessary. - 1.1 - Operation & Maintenance Initiatives and Practices of the Standalone PV System on Town Island 2. MAJOR FAILURE MODE OF The effect of shading will be similar to the CRYSTALLINE-TYPE PV PANELS situation of a short-circuited PV cell. The shaded PV cell will generate less current, limiting the There are various reasons leading to crystalline- overall power. Usually, the partial shading is not type PV panel failure. The failure may be caused permanent and will cause less damage to the by a single PV cell fault in a panel or by the panel. mis-connection of panels, such assembling together different panels with different ratings. The output of the faulty panel and the string it is connected to will be affected. There are two 3. CONVENTIONAL MAINTENANCE main types of failure: open circuit fault and short METHOD FOR PV PANELS circuit fault. Compared with that of other major electrical In case of an open circuit fault, no output will equipment, e.g. transformers and switchgears, be generated from the PV panel and the PV the immediate effect of PV panel failure on the string voltage will be lower than the normal power system is less significant. Lower system range of values when disconnected from the PV output than the expected generation target (or array. When the faulty string is part of a carbon footprint target) is the most direct impact. connected array, the current will pass through However, the failure if unattended may develop the bypass diode of the failed panel. With inverter into a fire incident and cause severe damage. It maximum power point tracking in effect, the is therefore important to perform regular string voltage of the faulty string will align with maintenance to mitigate the risk. But in many others as set by the inverter. The voltage across smaller scale PV facilities, the maintenance the faulty string will be adjusted to a higher works are overseen by owners themselves who voltage than the actual maximum power point are generally lacking adequate technical voltage of that string, to meet the maximum knowledge and support, such as schools and array power.