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3 Issue-6 June- 2016 Pages - 73 Indian Farmer a Monthly Magazine ISSN 2394-1227 Volume: 3 Issue-6 June- 2016 Pages - 73 Indian Farmer A Monthly Magazine Volume: 3, Issue-6 June -2016 Sr. Full length Articles Page Editorial Board No. Nutraceuticals in Companion and Laboratory Animal Nutrition 386-392 1 T.Suganya, S.Senthilkumar, K.Deepa, G. Thirumalaisamy, K.Sasikala and J. Nikhil Kumar Tej Editor In Chief Modern Tools for Semen Evaluation of Farm Animals 2 393-397 Umesh Kumar and A. P. Gawande Dr. V.B. Dongre, Ph.D. 3 Applications of Next Generation Sequencing In Molecular Research 398-401 Manesh Kumar P, Uthrakumar A, Tamizhkumaran J, Varun A Editor 4 Consequences of Goitre in Farm Animals 402-405 Poobitha S, Ramajayan P, Tamizhkumaran J and Raghy Radhakrishnan Dr. A.R. Ahlawat, Ph.D. 5 Quality Assessment of Silage 406-410 Members K. Deepa, S. SenthilKumar, Thirumalaisamy. G, Thulasiraman. P, T. Suganya, K. Kalpana and M. R. Purushothaman Dr. Alka Singh, Ph.D. 6 Specialized Sire and Dam Lines: its Need and Advantages 411-415 Dr. K. L. Mathew, Ph.D. D.S.Gonge, Mayur R. Thul, RaginiKumari, Anjali Kumari and BeenaSinha Dr. Mrs. Santosh, Ph.D. 7 Antimicrobial Resistance: The Veterinary Use of Antimicrobials and Its 416-420 Dr. S. S. Patil, Ph.D. Implications For Human Health P. SenthilKumar, B.Balasundaram and G.Rajarajan Subject Editors 8 Housing Management Of Dairy Cow In Tropical Climate 421-425 Ranjana Sinha, Shiwani Tiwari, Indu Devi, Anjali kumari and Ashish Ranjan Agriculture 9 Subclinical ketosis in dairy cows: Causes and its management 426-430 Dr. R. S. Tomar, Ph.D Prasanta Boro, Binoy Chandra Naha, Ambadas Madkar,Chandra Prakash, Jyoti Patel and Jharna Chandrakar Veterinary Science 10 Mastitis Management of Dairy Animals at organized Dairy Farms 431-435 Dr. P. SenthilKumar, Ph.D. Shiwani Tiwari, Indu Devi, Ranjana Sinha, Anjali kumari, Shital Kumar Gautam and Narender Kumar Home Science 11 Agriculture and Rural Tourism in India 436-439 Dr. Mrs. Surabhi Singh, Ph.D. Kamlesh Yadav, Pratibha Yadav, Sanjay Singh Yadav and Alok Kumar Yadav Horticulture 12 The Present Status Of Poultry Industry In India: How Fat Our Chickens 440-445 Dr. Timur Ahlawat, Ph.D Are? Kapil Dev and Lalit 13 Goat and Sheep Farming System In India And Essential Housing 446-450 Manegemental Practices Kuladip Prakash Shinde and Shailesh Kumar Gupta 14 Effect Of Buffalo Milk On The Quality Of Different Dairy Product 451-454 Diwakar Mishra, Rashmi Bhardwaj, Simran Arora, George Dominic3and Partha Sarathi Swain 15 Management of Stray Cattle in Urban Area 455-459 T. K. S. Rao, S. Chaurasia, A. Singh and V. V. Gamit (Note: ‘Indian Farmer’ may not necessarily subscribe to the views expressed in the articles published herein. The views are expressed by authors, editorial board does not take any responsibility of the content of the articles) Indian Farmer 3(6):386-392; June-2016 Suganya et al Nutraceuticals in Companion and Laboratory Animal Nutrition T.Suganya1, S.Senthilkumar1, K.Deepa1, G. Thirumalaisamy2, K.Sasikala1 and J. Nikhil Kumar Tej2 1Department of Animal Nutrition, Veterinary College and Research Institute, Namakkal Tamil Nadu Veterinary and Animal Sciences University – 637 002 2Ph.D. Scholar, ICAR- National Dairy Research Institute, Karnal, Haryana-132 001 * Corresponding author: [email protected] Abstract Nutraceuticals are food products that are found to have nutritional and health benefits. Several nutraceuticals have been identified. S-adenosyl methionine (SAM-e), silymarin, omega-3 essential fatty acids, glucosamine (GLM), prebiotics and probiotics,superoxide dismutase (SOD), Glutathione, bioflavonoids, Dimethylsulphoxide (DMSO),methyl-sulfonyl-methane (MSM), Polysulfated Glycosaminoglycan (GAGPS), vitamin E, conjugated linoleic acid (CLA), cholesterol reducers, plant extract/essential oils and vitamin like compounds are some of the predominant nutraceuticals. SAM converts methionine to cysteine and maintains glutathione concentrations. It prevents apoptosis, modulates cytokine expression, decrease lipid accumulation, fibrosis and hepatocellular damage. Silymarin acts as anti-inflammatory and antifibrotic. Omega-3 essential fatty acids are considered to be anti-inflammatory. Prebiotics and probiotics improve host intestinal micro-flora. GLM and GAGPS have chondroprotective action. Free radical scavengers such as SOD, bioflavonoids, glutathione and Dimethylsuphoxide (DMSO) were found to effectively quench the oxygen-derived species (superoxide, hydrogen peroxide, hydroxyl radical). Vitamin E acts as chain blocker of lipid peroxidation. CLA is an anti-carcinogenic, and anti-athirogenic. Plant extracts such as garlic oil, methanol, organo essential oil etc. have been used attributed to their antimicrobial property. Despite of several advantages they do have limitations. Key words: Nutraceuticals, Companion animals, Health benefits INTRODUCTION dietary supplements with specific vitamins It is a term combining “nutrition” and and minerals, herbal extracts and “pharmaceutical”, is a food or food product scientifically engineered diets. Pet owners providing health and medical benefits, such are commonly used these supplements as preventing and treating disease.Such /herbs/botanicals for their animals. products may include isolated nutrients, Nutraceuticals are not subject to the same 386 | P a g e Indian Farmer 3(6):386-392; June-2016 Suganya et al testing and regulations as pharmaceutical Some products are prone to drugs. Therefore, their bioavailability and contamination (example), omega-3 fatty actual concentrations of active ingredients acids can be contaminated with can vary considerably. mercury, lead and polychlorinated Classification of Nutraceuticals biphenyls (PCBs),and herbal products 1. Nutrients: Substances which are may be contaminated with pesticides having established nutritional and herbicides. functions such as S-adenosyl methionine (SAM-e) vitamins, minerals, amino acids and Liver disease fatty acid etc. Oxidative stress plays a major role in 2. Herbals: Herbs(or) botanical products most forms of cellular damage, and is as concentrates and extracts. e.g. defined as an imbalance between aloevera, ehedra, garlic, Echinacea, oxidant and antioxidant systems. willow bark etc. The liver has many complex antioxidant 3. Dietary supplements:Substances systems, and glutathione plays a key derived from other sources. e.g. role. Glutathione has a very short half- pyruvate, chondroitinsulphate and life (around two to three hours), and steroid hormone precursors etc. glutathione levels decrease rapidly Kalia (2005) classified nutraceuticals following one to two days of anorexia. into seven groups The rate-limiting factor for glutathione 1. Dietary fibre production is the availability of cysteine, 2. Probiotics which is derived from the diet and the 3. Prebiotics methionine breakdown. 4. Poly unsaturated fatty acids. SAM-e is a key component in the 5. Antioxidant biochemical pathway that helps convert 6. Polyphenols methionine to cysteine, and, therefore, 7. Spices helps maintenance of glutathione Examples for Nutraceuticals concentrations. In addition to this key Chondroprotective agents include oral antioxidant function, SAM-e also plays a nutraceuticals and injectable role in preventing apoptosis in normal glycosaminoglycans. These products cells, modulating cytokine expression may inhibit mediators of inflammation and stabilizing membrane functions. and stimulate metabolic activity of In animal models of liver disease, SAM-e synoviocytes and chondrocytes. decreased lipid accumulation, fibrosis, The combination of glucosamine hepatocellular damage and increased hydrochloride, chondroitin sulfate and survival. manganese ascorbate (GCM) is a The main problem with providing SAM- commonly used nutraceutical in e is the pharmacokinetics – tablets are osteoarthritic companion animals. 387 | P a g e Indian Farmer 3(6):386-392; June-2016 Suganya et al enteric coated and should not be Cholesterol Reducers crushed or split. In addition, food Dietary supplementation of garlic inhibits absorption and, therefore, powder (3%) and copper (63 or tablets must be administered on an 180mg/kg diet) alters lipids and empty stomach. SAM-e has a short half- cholesterol metabolism. life and poor bioavailability. Omega -3 essential fatty acids. Side effects include nausea and poor Numerous health benefits have been appetite. attributed to an increased N-3 EFA Silymarin intake. These fatty acids have been Silymarin is the major beneficial active “essential” because mammals are not ingredient in milk thistle. able to synthesis these fat types and, Silymarin is useful for treating therefore, they must be supplied in the hepatobiliary disease due to its diet. In general, N-3 EFAs are antioxidant, anti-inflammatory and considered to be anti-inflammatory, antifibrotic properties. whereas N-6 EFAs can be pro- In-vitro and in-vivo studies suggest inflammatory. silymarin can protect the liver from a A large number of studies in both wide variety of toxins, including humans and dogs support claims of the acetaminophen, ethanol and aflatoxin, beneficial effects of supplementation as well as from viral, ischaemic and with omega-3 EFAs in heart disease, radiation-induced injury. cancer, chronic kidney disease, Administration of silymarin provided cognitive dysfunction, skin disease and complete protection against joint disease – and new studies are acetaminophen-induced liver toxicity in constantly being published. Felines, when given within four hours of The dogs supplemented with omega-3 toxin administration.
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