Frost/Nixon L'heure De Vérité

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Frost/Nixon L'heure De Vérité Fiche pédagogique Frost/Nixon L'Heure de vérité Sortie en salles 18 février 2009 Film long métrage de fiction, Résumé l'animateur David Frost fait la USA/UK/France, 2008 tournée des chaînes pour leur proposer son projet. Il compte faire Fin juin 1972 éclate le scandale valoir sa réputation télévisuelle en Réalisation : Ron Howard ("The du Watergate. Durant les deux ans Angleterre pour trouver un Da Vinci Code", "The Missing", qui suivent, les révélations de deux financement qui lui permettrait de "EDtv", "Apollo 13"…) journalistes du Washington Post mettre sur pied son tournage et, conduisent le président Nixon à la surtout, de payer le cachet de Nixon Interprétes : démission. Cependant, aucun mot – la bagatelle de 600'000 dollars de Michael Sheen (David Frost), d'excuse présidentiel n'est adressé l'époque ! Le problème, c'est que Frank Langella (Richard au peuple américain. personne ne croit en ce bellâtre à la Nixon), En 1977, un animateur de TV mode, plus convaincant auprès de Kevin Bacon (Jack Brennan), britannique, David Frost, en poste ces dames que crédible dans le Oliver Platt (Bob Zelnick), dans une chaîne australienne où il genre de l'interview politique. Le Sam Rockwell (James Reston cartonne, décide de provoquer un projet ne trouve pas de financement. Jr.)… entretien en tête à tête avec l'ex- président, avec le projet de lui La petite équipe de conseillers Scénario et adaptation de sa arracher des aveux d'excuse devant politiques amateurs dont Frost propre pièce : Peter Morgan des millions d'Américains via le petit s'entoure voit d'un mauvais œil leur écran. patron s'endetter personnellement à Production : Ron Howard, toute allure. D'autant plus que, dans Brian Grazer, Eric Fellner, Tim Motivé par une grosse somme les premiers enregistrements, Nixon Bevan d'argent, et persuadé de saisir une s'en tire superbement bien tandis occasion de se réhabiliter auprès de que Frost, déconfit à l'écran, Version originale (anglais, ses concitoyens, Richard Nixon encaisse: Nixon donne de lui-même sous-titrée français/allemand). accepte le débat télévisé (quatre un portrait humain, voire Version française épisodes de 90 minutes), mais attendrissant. Pas du tout ce que le n'entend pas regretter quoi que ce camp Frost avait prévu. Durée : 2 heures 2 soit devant le monde. Chapeauté par Jusqu'à ce que, la veille du son conseiller (Kevin Bacon), toute dernier enregistrement, Frost reçoive Public concerné : une équipe de stratèges s'affairent en pleine nuit un étrange appel Age légal: 10 ans pour peaufiner les répliques téléphonique de Richard Nixon en Age suggéré: 14 ans présidentielles. personne. Il y est, entre autres, De son côté, excité à l'idée de question de cheeseburgers et de Nominations : faire exploser l'audimat américain chaussures italiennes… Nominations diverses (Oscars, avec ses retransmissions, Golden Globes, BAFTA…) ___________________________________________________ Adaptation de la pièce de théâtre Commentaires de Peter Morgan au titre éponyme, "Frost/Nixon" a créé l'événement aux Etats-Unis l'an dernier, année Disciplines et thèmes présidentielle oblige. Pour le journalistiques en retraçant confirmer, les nombreux sites fidèlement l'enquête du Washington concernés consacrés à la remémoration de la Post jusqu'à la démission du joute télévisuelle, de YouTube à président Nixon. Ce "Frost/Nixon" Histoire : Watergate.com… (voir ci-dessous prend aussi comme sujet le pouvoir les années 70 aux Etats-Unis, en nos activités pédagogiques). des médias, en mettant cependant Angleterre et en Australie, l'accent sur leur instrumentalisation, le scandale du Watergate (CIA, La genèse du film a été par les politiciens, autant que par les écoutes téléphoniques…), laborieuse. Bien sûr, il y avait la journalistes avides. Le film montre le système politique et la pièce, succès théâtral à Londres en que tous les coups sont permis en présidence des Etats-Unis, 2006 et 2007, et les 137 coulisses (intimidations, clauses Richard Nixon, l'"impeachment" représentations à Broadway la contractuelles strictes, déstabi- (Bill Clinton), même année, avec Michael Sheen lisations de toutes sortes, appât du les guerres du Cambodge et du et Frank Langella dans la même gain…) parce que l'enjeu est de Vietnam, distribution que dans le film. Mais le taille. A ce jeu télévisuel, les médias (Australie, Royaume- projet d'adaptation au grand écran l'instantanéité du moment pèse Uni et Etats-Unis): la télévision et intéressait passionnément plusieurs lourd: parce qu'elle simplifie, la TV la presse en particulier… réalisateurs prestigieux, parmi peut, en un moment, absoudre ou lesquels Martin Scorsese, Mike condamner, racheter ou défaire une Civilisation, langue et culture Nichols ("Charlie Wilson's war", "The réputation. Voyez le pouvoir américaine : Graduate"…), George Clooney réducteur d'un close-up, ou l'effet de les pays anglo-saxons dans les ("Good night and good luck"), Sam la présence d'une goutte de années 70 (Etats-Unis, Australie, Mendes ("Jarhead", "American transpiration sur une lèvre Royaume-Uni), beauty") ou Bennet Miller ("Capote"). présidentielle (à cause de cela, en la culture populaire américaine, Si les studios ont finalement retenu 1960, Nixon avait été donné perdant les présidents des Etats-Unis, Ron Howard, c'est certainement contre John F. Kennedy à la télé, le pouvoir et types de médias, parce que cet auteur de blockbusters alors qu'il avait été donné gagnant à les films sur Nixon et le consensuels est moins engagé la radio). En fait, malgré cet accent Watergate, politiquement que les autres. Du mis sur l'importance de l'événe- la pièce de Peter Morgan… coup, le film ne risquait pas de mentiel, il se pourrait bien que le tourner au règlement de compte par gagnant de ce face-à-face historique un traitement partial. ait finalement été, de l'aveu du Education aux citoyennetés : En sommes-nous vraiment scénario, l'inconscient. A la fois les secrets d'état, certains? C'est qu'en adaptant origine de la voix de Nixon dans un les écoutes téléphoniques, "Frost/Nixon" en 2008, Ron Howard état second (éméché ou les lobbys et le pouvoir, attire malgré tout l'attention du public somnambule ?) et manifestation à la reconnaissance et le pardon… sur une autre demande d'aveux travers son étrange coup de fil à présidentiels: ceux du gouvernement Frost, au milieu de la nuit du Education aux médias : Bush, et de George W. en particulier, vendredi de Pâques (sic), cette part les films sur les présidents et sur responsable de nombre de maux de rêve (envie de cheeseburger ou le Watergate en particulier, politiquement incorrects, d'écoutes de mocassins italiens ?) fait basculer le journalisme et les émissions de téléphoniques et de censures en tout l'histoire/Histoire en précipitant le divertissement… genre… Si le clownesque W., réveil – au sens littéral comme au partant de la Maison blanche par la figuré - du journaliste et la reprise en Droit : petite porte, reconnaissait à la fin de main de son émission : Frost réussit le droit des médias lors de son mandat "avoir commis quelques à basculer le discours politique - l'interview, erreurs", pas question pour lui de convenu, ressassé et codifié - du l'impeachment et la levée de considérer sa guerre en Irak un côté de l'humain, de celui des l'immunité, échec, ni de revenir sur ses élections réactions non maîtrisées, non la grâce présidentielle… truquées (en Floride en 2000, dans directement conscientes. Grâce à l'Ohio en 2004), ou sur d'autres Frost, le peuple américain est problèmes comme l'ouverture de soulagé et rassuré quant au bon l'honteux Guantanamo. fonctionnement de la conscience humaine. Grâce à "Frost/Nixon", le Enfin, "Frost/Nixon", c'est un peu spectateur comprend que le le retour du refoulé. "All The soulagement américain doit plus à President's Men" (1976) de Pakula l'inconscient (et la manifestation de avait fait triompher le son refoulé) qu'à la conscience. professionnalisme et la déontologie ___________________________________________________ Objectifs - Se familiariser avec la présidence de Richard Nixon (élection de 1968, réélection en 1972, scandale du Watergate, guerres du Cambodge et Vietnam, impeachment); - Comprendre les rapports de la presse (people ou d'information) - Repérer et comprendre les enjeux avec le pouvoir politique et être du débat politique en général, et de capable de formuler une critique du celui, télévisé, de Frost/Nixon en "Quatrième pouvoir" (la presse) et particulier; des médias aujourd'hui. ___________________________________________________ Pistes pédagogiques Guerre du Golfe. Sa fin de règne est la plus impopulaire de tous les I. Le président des Etats-Unis présidents américains. 1. Connaître le fonctionnement du g) président qui tenta de réformer, système politique américain entre autres, le système de santé (à travers ce schéma synthétique ), US, il fit passer de 16'000 à 500'000 savoir comment est élu le président le nombre de soldats envoyés au (dossier de Géopolitis) ou sur ce site Vietnam. et dire quel rôle est assigné au (a5, b4, c3, d1, e6, f7, g2) président. 3. Dans le film, le personnage de 2. Classer ces présidents des Etats- Richard Nixon souhaite dire que sa Unis selon leur règne chronologique: gouvernance ne se limite pas au George H. W. Bush, Bill Clinton, Watergate et à des anecdotes. Lyndon B. Johnson, John F. Chercher quelques réformes Kennedy, Richard Nixon, Ronald entreprises par Richard Nixon (à Reagan, George W. Bush. l'étranger (Vietnam, Cambodge…) (1. John F. Kennedy, 2. Lyndon B. comme dans sa politique intérieure). Johnson, 3. Richard Nixon, 4. Ronald Reagan, 5. George H. W. 4. Traduire le mot impeachment en Bush, 6. Bill Clinton, 7. George W. français ("mise en accusation" - Bush) apparue au XIVe siècle en Grande- Bretagne - et non pas Faire correspondre à chacun de "empêchement"), et dire dans quels ces présidents un élément marquant cas cette mesure peut être appliquée de leur gouvernance, parmi les à l'encontre du président des USA.
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