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The Reign and Reception of Queen Elizabeth II: a Post-Diamond-Jubilee Retrospect Vláda a Veřejné Vnímání Královny Alžběty II

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The Reign and Reception of Queen Elizabeth II: a Post-Diamond-Jubilee Retrospect Vláda a Veřejné Vnímání Královny Alžběty II Jihočeská univerzita v Českých Budějovicích Pedagogická fakulta Katedra anglistiky Bakalářská práce The Reign and Reception of Queen Elizabeth II: A Post-Diamond-Jubilee Retrospect Vláda a veřejné vnímání královny Alžběty II. v retrospekci po diamantovém výročí vlády Vypracovala: Markéta Pavlíčková ČJu-AJu-SZu Vedoucí práce: Mgr. Renata Janktová, M.A. České Budějovice 2021 Prohlašuji, že svoji bakalářskou práci jsem vypracovala samostatně pouze s použitím pramenů a literatury uvedených v seznamu citované literatury. Prohlašuji, že v souladu s § 47b zákona č. 111/1998 Sb. v platném znění souhlasím se zveřejněním své bakalářské práce, a to v nezkrácené podobě - v úpravě vzniklé vypuštěním vyznačených částí archivovaných pedagogickou fakultou elektronickou cestou ve veřejně přístupné části databáze STAG provozované Jihočeskou univerzitou v Českých Budějovicích na jejích internetových stránkách, a to se zachováním mého autorského práva k odevzdanému textu této kvalifikační práce. Souhlasím dále s tím, aby toutéž elektronickou cestou byly v souladu s uvedeným ustanovením zákona č. 111/1998 Sb. zveřejněny posudky školitele a oponentů práce i záznam o průběhu a výsledku obhajoby kvalifikační práce. Rovněž souhlasím s porovnáním textu mé kvalifikační práce s databází kvalifikačních prací Theses.cz provozovanou Národním registrem vysokoškolských kvalifikačních prací a systémem na odhalování plagiátů. V Českých Budějovicích dne …. Markéta Pavlíčková Abstract The bachelor thesis analyses the reign of Queen Elizabeth II from the perspective of public opinion in Great Britain. It identifies and assesses critical milestones during Queen Elizabeth II’s reign and their impact on her public image and reception. The thesis focuses on the critical milestones from the tragic death of Princess Diana till the last affairs in 2020. The research includes a survey carried out in the United Kingdom, where chosen respondents answered a few questions about how they see the Queen nowadays. Key words: Elizabeth II, reign, Jubilee, British monarchy, public opinion, image Anotace Bakalářská práce analyzuje vládu královny Alžběty II. z pohledu veřejného vnímání britské veřejnosti. V bakalářské práci jsou zmíněny a vytyčeny důležité události z vlády královny Alžběty II a jejich následný dopad na veřejné vnímání královny. Vybrané důležité události jsou soustředěny do moderních dějin královské rodiny – od tragické smrti princezny Diany až po události v královské rodině v roce 2020. Praktická část zahrnuje i výzkum provedený ve Spojeném království, kde vybraní respondenti zodpověděli několik otázek ohledně jejich současného vnímání královny. Klíčová slova: Alžběta II, vláda, výročí vlády, britská monarchie, veřejný názor, vyobrazení Acknowledgment I would like to thank to Mgr. Renata Janktová, M.A. for her patience and ongoing support. I am also grateful to my friends from the United Kingdom, who allowed me to carry the research for my bachelor thesis. Poděkování Děkuji paní Mgr. Renatě Janktové, M.A. za její trpělivost, vstřícnost a neutuchající podporu. Dále děkuji svým přátelům ze Spojeného království, kterým jsem vděčná za možnost uskutečnit výzkum v rámci praktické části mé bakalářské práce. Table of Contents 1 Introduction ............................................................................................................... 6 2 The Early Life and Characterization of Elizabeth II ................................................. 7 2.1 Early Life of Queen Elizabeth II ....................................................................... 7 2.2 The Queen’s Role .............................................................................................. 9 2.3 The Coronation and the New Elizabethan Era ................................................ 11 3 The Important Milestones ....................................................................................... 14 3.1 How the Death of Princess of Wales Shattered the Monarchy ....................... 14 3.2 The First State Visit to the Republic of Ireland .............................................. 18 3.3 Scottish Referendum 2014 .............................................................................. 21 3.4 Brexit ............................................................................................................... 24 3.5 Meghan and Harry ........................................................................................... 27 3.6 The Queen’s Role in Tragic Incidents ............................................................. 30 4 The Diamond Jubilee .............................................................................................. 33 5 Survey ..................................................................................................................... 37 5.1 Description and Methodology ......................................................................... 37 5.2 Results and Discussion .................................................................................... 38 5.3 Conclusion of the Research ............................................................................. 48 6 Conclusion .............................................................................................................. 49 7 List of References ................................................................................................... 51 8 List of Graphs .......................................................................................................... 58 9 Encloser ................................................................................................................... 59 1 Introduction The thesis will concentrate on the reception of Queen Elizabeth II during her reign. At the beginning, there is information about the early life of Elizabeth II. – her childhood, education, etc. Then the symbolic role and the powers of the Queen are explained and her accession to the throne with mentioning how the public received her as their Queen at that time. The important milestones of her reign chosen for this thesis come from the more recent years of her reign. It begins with the tragic death of Princess Diana, which shattered the public opinion. It continues with the remarkable visit to Ireland in 2011, then with the Scottish Referendum and Brexit, which shows the Queen in relation to political matters. In 2020, Prince Harry and his wife Meghan decided to withdraw from the Royal Family, which reminded of another important role of the Queen – to hold the family together. Lastly, the thesis concentrates on some tragic events that happened in the society, and the Queen’s role during such incidents. The thesis also describes the Diamond Jubilee celebrations in 2012, which were a great success at that time. It commemorated and celebrated the long reign of the Queen, offered a look back and it connected the past, present and the future. At the end of this bachelor thesis, there is a research carried out in the United Kingdom. Chosen respondents were asked to answer several questions about their view of the Queen in these days. 6 2 The Early Life and Characterization of Elizabeth II 2.1 Early Life of Queen Elizabeth II Her Majesty Queen Elizabeth the Second: Queen of the United Kingdom and of her other 15 Realms is only the fourth monarch of the Windsor dynasty (Marr, 2012). In 1917, the Royal Family changed their name from Saxe-Coburg-Gotha because of its German connections and the anti-German mood in the society during that time. It was said that other European aristocratic houses found this change of the dynasty name to a more English one ridiculous. However, it may have helped to calm down the mood among UK citizens (Harris, 2016, p. 25). Queen Elizabeth II was born at 2.40 a. m. on 21 April 1926 as the daughter of the Duke and Duchess of York (Marr, 2012, p. 78). Four years later, in 1930, her sister Margaret Rose was born (Erickson, 2004, p. 24). The Queen was raised during difficult historical times. There was an economic crisis and Adolf Hitler came to power in Germany in 1933. Young Lilibet (as her family used to call her) was in the public sight from a very young age; her photographs appeared in the newspapers from time to time, not only in the United Kingdom (Erickson, 2004, p. 23). However, nobody had probably expected that she would become queen one day, because her father was the second in line to claim the throne. It was expected that his brother will marry and bring other heirs of the throne. As for her education, thanks to her French governesses, the Queen learned how to speak French, which came in handy later in her life as the Queen (Harris, 2016, p. 18). However, the Duchess of York emphasized the skill of taking care of their future households when raising her daughters (Erickson, 2004, p. 26). We are still talking about the times when this was the main purpose of women in society, and therefore, women’s education was not so important. When the Queen was seven years old, the governess named Marion Crawford came to nurture and educate her. Marion Crawford was born in Scotland, and it is said that she emphasized well-behaving and strong morality in nurturing the Queen (Erickson, 2004, p. 25). These values can be seen in the Queen’s behaviour till nowadays. The Queen did not attend school but was educated at home, as explained above. The first Royal children who attended school were Prince Charles and Princess Anne, 7 Queen Elizabeth II’s children (Parker, 1991, p. 8). As Harris (2016, p. 26) describes, the Queen was educated only seven
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