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National Quali Cations 2019 X837/75/11 History

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National Quali Cations 2019 X837/75/11 History National Qualications 2019 NX837/75/115 History MONDAY, 13 MAY 1:00 PM – 3:20 PM Total marks — 80 SECTION 1 — SCOTTISH CONTEXTS — 29 marks Attempt ONE part. SECTION 2 — BRITISH CONTEXTS — 25 marks Attempt ONE part. SECTION 3 — EUROPEAN AND WORLD CONTEXTS — 26 marks Attempt ONE part. Write your answers clearly in the answer booklet provided. In the answer booklet you must clearly identify the question number you are attempting. Use blue or black ink. Before leaving the examination room you must give your answer booklet to the Invigilator; if you do not, you may lose all the marks for this paper. © *X8377511* B/PB SECTION 1 — SCOTTISH CONTEXTS PARTS A. The Wars of Independence, 1286–1328 pages 04–05 B. Mary Queen of Scots, and the Reformation, 1542–1587 pages 06–07 C. The Treaty of Union, 1689–1715 pages 08–09 D. Migration and Empire, 1830–1939 pages 10–11 E. The Era of the Great War, 1900–1928 pages 12–13 SECTION 2 — BRITISH CONTEXTS PARTS A. The Creation of the Medieval Kingdoms, 1066–1406 pages 14–15 B. War of the Three Kingdoms, 1603–1651 pages 16–17 C. The Atlantic Slave Trade, 1770–1807 pages 18–19 D. Changing Britain, 1760–1914 pages 20–21 E. The Making of Modern Britain, 1880–1951 pages 22–23 SECTION 3 — EUROPEAN AND WORLD CONTEXTS PARTS A. The Cross and the Crescent: the Crusades, 1071–1192 page 24 B. ‘Tea and Freedom’: the American Revolution, 1774–1783 page 25 C. USA, 1850–1880 page 26 D. Hitler and Nazi Germany, 1919–1939 page 27 E. Red Flag: Lenin and the Russian Revolution, 1894–1921 page 28 F. Mussolini and Fascist Italy, 1919–1939 page 29 G. Free at Last? Civil Rights in the USA, 1918–1968 page 30 H. Appeasement and the Road to War, 1918–1939 page 31 I. World War II, 1939–1945 page 32 J. The Cold War, 1945–1989 page 33 page 02 [BLANK PAGE] DO NOT WRITE ON THIS PAGE page 03 SECTION 1 — SCOTTISH CONTEXTS — 29 marks MARKS Part A — The Wars of Independence, 1286–1328 Attempt the following five questions using recalled knowledge and information from the sources where appropriate. 1. To what extent was the death of the Maid of Norway the main reason for the succession problem facing Scotland between 1286 and 1292? 9 (Use recalled knowledge to introduce then present a balanced assessment of the influence of different factors and come to a reasoned conclusion.) Source A explains why Balliol and the Scots were angered by the actions of Edward I by 1296. Source A After Balliol was crowned, Edward insulted him by treating him like one of his barons and not as his equal. He annoyed the Scots by ordering Balliol to attend ceremonies at his court in England, which emphasised that Edward was superior. However, Edward had made the competitors for the Scottish throne agree that he was the overlord of Scotland. The Scots were furious that Edward interfered in Scottish legal judgements. The Treaty of Birgham agreed that Scotland would keep its own laws and so Edward was not respecting Scotland’s concerns. 2. How fully does Source A explain the reasons why Balliol and the Scots were angered by the actions of Edward I by 1296? 6 (Use the source and recall to reach a judgement.) 3. Explain the reasons why Wallace lost the support of many Scottish nobles between 1297 and 1305. 6 page 04 MARKS Sources B and C are about the relationship between Bruce and the church in Scotland. Source B Bruce murdered Comyn in church but Bishop Wishart did not punish him for this act of sacrilege. Instead Wishart helped Bruce to become king, giving him robes for his coronation and a banner which had belonged to the last king of Scots. Wishart took timber Edward had given him to repair the cathedral roof and used it to make weapons to attack castles held by the English. Edward later imprisoned him for eight years. Source C Bruce was aided throughout by Scottish churchmen. Bishop Lamberton had agreed to support him in a secret pact. Bishop Wishart pardoned him after the murder of Comyn. Three bishops attended his coronation at Scone where he was dressed in royal robes supplied by Wishart. Wishart was active for Bruce against Edward, even seizing the castle at Cupar like a man of war. The English called him the ‘bad bishop’. 4. Compare the views of Sources B and C about the relationship between Bruce and the church in Scotland. 4 (Compare the sources overall and/or in detail.) 5. Describe the events leading to the signing of the Treaty of Edinburgh – Northampton between Scotland and England, 1314 to 1328. 4 [Now go to SECTION 2 starting on page 14] page 05 MARKS SECTION 1 — SCOTTISH CONTEXTS — 29 marks Part B — Mary Queen of Scots, and the Reformation, 1542–1587 Attempt the following five questions using recalled knowledge and information from the sources where appropriate. 6. To what extent was the ‘Rough Wooing’ the main reason for the tensions between Scotland and England by 1559? 9 (Use recalled knowledge to introduce then present a balanced assessment of the influence of different factors and come to a reasoned conclusion.) 7. Describe events leading to the Treaty of Edinburgh, 1559 to 1560. 4 8. Explain the reasons why Mary faced difficulties on her return to Scotland from France in 1561. 6 Source A explains the reasons why Mary, Queen of Scots’ marriage to Darnley caused problems for her. Source A Mary, Queen of Scots and Darnley were married in July 1565. The marriage caused divisions among the Scottish lords who rebelled against Mary resulting in the Chaseabout Raid. Although Mary successfully restored order in Scotland she lost the support of important nobles involved in the rebellion such as Moray and Argyll. The marriage then deteriorated quickly when Darnley demanded the Crown Matrimonial and Mary refused. This caused tension between Mary and Darnley and led to more Scottish nobles disliking Darnley as Mary’s choice of husband. 9. How fully does Source A explain the reasons why Mary, Queen of Scots’ marriage to Darnley caused problems for her? 6 (Use the source and recall to reach a judgement.) page 06 MARKS Sources B and C are about why Elizabeth I kept Mary, Queen of Scots a prisoner. Source B Mary was held captive by Elizabeth I for almost 19 years. During this time she was implicated in plots to overthrow Elizabeth and put herself on the throne. Elizabeth therefore could not allow her rival to be set free. One possible solution would be to kill Mary, but this would cause international outcry. It could cause further problems for Elizabeth if she were to give the idea that queens could be executed. Source C Whilst Mary, Queen of Scots was imprisoned by Elizabeth I she was thought to be involved in secret plans to replace her. So Elizabeth had to keep her cousin locked up. Mary could not be executed because it would not look good for Elizabeth if she was to allow another queen to be killed. If Mary was to be executed there would be strong opposition from France and Spain, which Elizabeth wished to avoid. 10. Compare the views of Sources B and C about why Elizabeth kept Mary, Queen of Scots prisoner. 4 (Compare the sources overall and/or in detail.) [Now go to SECTION 2 starting on page 14] page 07 MARKS SECTION 1 — SCOTTISH CONTEXTS — 29 marks Part C — The Treaty of Union, 1689–1715 Attempt the following five questions using recalled knowledge and information from the sources where appropriate. 11. To what extent was the failure of the Darien Scheme the most important reason for the worsening relations between Scotland and England by 1707? 9 (Use recalled knowledge to introduce then present a balanced assessment of the influence of different factors and come to a reasoned conclusion.) 12. Describe the arguments used by supporters of the Union in Scotland. 4 Source A explains the arguments used by many Scots against the Union with England. Source A Strong opinions were expressed on both sides of the Union debate. Opponents claimed that Union would lead to a rise in Scottish taxes. It was argued that, in the aftermath of Union, Scottish businesses would not be able to compete with stronger English businesses. Others expressed fears that Union would create a united British Parliament which would not reflect Scottish views as it would be dominated by English MPs. Some feared that Union would lead to the end of Scotland’s identity as an independent nation. 13. How fully does Source A explain the reasons why many Scots argued against Union with England? 6 (Use the source and recall to reach a judgement.) 14. Explain the reasons why the Treaty of Union was passed by the Scottish Parliament. 6 page 08 MARKS Sources B and C are about the economic effects of the Union in Scotland. Source B The Treaty of Union, which came into effect on the 1st of May 1707, was very significant. The Union damaged the Scottish linen industry as it found it was unable to compete with the English linen industry. East coast fishing suffered because of the introduction of a tax on salt. Brewing, paper-making and Dundee candle-making all did badly in the aftermath of the Union. Source C The Treaty of Union was to result in big political and religious changes for Scotland. It was also to have some major economic effects.
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