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Belajar Gambas

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Belajar Gambas I. BELAJAR GAMBAS Pada pertemuan kali ini kita akan belajar salah satu pemrograman dalam Linux. Ada banyak pemrograman dalam Linux seperti halnya pada Windows, tapi yang akan kita bahas sekarang adalah Gambas. Gambas, Apaan tuh? Boleh dikatakan Gambas adalah Visual basic-Nya Linux. Anda yang telah mengenal Visual Basic di windows pasti akan sangat familiar dengan scrip dalam Gambas, meskipun tidak semua skrip sama. Gambas murni proyek open source di bawah naungan GPL(General Public License). Jadi sifatnya Open source alias Free. Instalasi Gambas Kalau dalam Linux Anda tidak terinstal gambas maka Anda dapat mendownload di URLnya, http://gambas.sourceforge.net. Jika paketnya sudah anda dapatkan maka langkah pertama yang harus dilakukan Adalah dengan perintah : $ tar -xjpvf gambas-xxx.tar.bz2 , atau $tar xzpvf gambas-xxx.tar.gz kemudian lakukan konfigurasi dan instalasi dengan perintah berikut: $cd gambas-xxx $./configure $make $make install tunggu beberapa saat hingga proses selesai. pastikan tidak ada kesalahan pada saat penginstalan. Menjalankan Gambas Untuk menjalankan Gambas dapat dilakukan dengan beberapa cara, bisa melalui konsol atau melalui menu start > gambas. Jika sudah terinstal maka cara berikut bisa Anda lakukan: tekan kombinasi tombol Alt+F2 > ketikan gambas lalu tekan enter, maka jendela kerja gambas akan muncul seprti pada gambar1. Komponen dalam Gambas Ketika menjalankan Gambas, yang pertama muncul adalah jendela selamat datang. pada jendela ini ada beberapa pilihan seperti New project untuk membuat projek baru, Open project untuk membuka projek yang sudah kita buat, Recent project untuk membuka projek yang terakhir kita buka, Exsample untuk melihat contoh -contoh yang telah tersedia. kalau Anda pusing atau gak semangat tinggal quit aja. Jika kita pilih pilihan new project maka akan muncul wizard Create a new project untuk menentukan tipe proyek dan tempat dimana kita akan menyimpan proyek kita. pilih tombol Next dan pilih Create a Graphical Project lalu tekan tombol Next. Ketikan nama project pada Select The Name of Project dan Judul Project pada Select the title of the project. Pilih direkori tempat project kita akan disimpan lalu tekan Next dan OK. Setelah tahap demi tahap selesai maka akan tampil jendela Area kerja yang Gambas. Coba Anda lihat Mirip Visual Basic khan? Gb1. Area Kerja Gambas Menu Jendela menu merupakan area kerja utama pembuatan aplikasi. pada jendela ini terdapat Menu File untuk membuat projec, membuka projec, dan menyimpan project. Menu Project adalah area kerja untuk melakukan kompilasi, package program, dan penambahan komponen. untuk Menu lainnya bisa anda eksplorasi sendiri. Jika perlu bantuan bisa lewat menu help. Gb2. Tampilan Menu ToolBox Toolbox standarnya berisi komponen -komponen yang merupakan sarana untuk membentuk user interface seperti label, text, table, combo, radiobutton, button dan lain -lain. Untuk menambhkan objek pada toolbox dapat dilakukan dengan cara klik pada menu Project > Component > lalu pilih tab Component. Gb3. Tampilan Toolbox Form Jendela ini merupakan tempat untuk meletakan objek atau kontrol yang dibutuhkan seperti label, button, text, combo, table dan lain sebagainya. Untuk menambahkan form dengan klik kanan pada project > New > Form. Gb4. Tampilan Form Jendel Properties Berisi daftar properti untuk objek( Form atau kontrol) yang dipilih dan berfungsi untuk mengatur karakteristiknya, seperi nama, ukuran, dan lain -lain. Gb5. Tampilan Properti Jendela Layout Merupakan tempat untuk menuliskan kode -kode utuk objek yang dibuat. Jendela ini bisa dimunculkan melalui menu View atau dengan menekan Ctrl+W. Gb6. Jendela Kode II. Membuat Program Mungkin Anda sudah bosan dengan teori teori di atas dan sudah tidak sabar untuk belajar membuat program. OK yang harus Anda lakukan terlebih dahulu adalah dengan memasang telinga, mata dan pikiran. Dengarkanlah bisikan yang ada dalam pikiran, lalu kerjakan dan praktikan program di bawah ini. 2.1 Program Text-Radio Dalam beberapa tutorial pemrograman mungkin Anda akan mendapatkan pada program pertama dengan membuat ªHellowordº atau ªHello duniaº, tapi di sini Anda akan langsung disuguhkan dengan program yang ªwahº. Anda mestinya akan tahu apa makna dari kata wah tersebut. Program pertama ini kita akan belajar bagaimana menggunaan TexBox, RadioButton, CheckBox serta event pada masing -masing kontrol. 1. Jalankah program Gambas dan ikuti langkah -langkah seperti yang telah dijelaskan di atas 2. Buat tampilan sebagai berikut: Gb 2.1 Desain form Program Text-Radio 3. Atur masing -masing kontrol seperti dalam tabel berikut: NO. Objek Properti Nilai 1. Frame1 Text Masukan Kata/ Kalimat 2. Texbox1 Text (Kosongkan) 3. Frame2 Text Out Put 4. Label1 Text Gambas 5. Frame3 Text Warna 6. RadioButton1 Text Merah 7. RadioButton2 Text Biru 8. RadioButton3 Text Hijau 9. Frame4 Text Style 10. CheckBox1 Text Italic 11. CheckBox2 Text Bold 12. CheckBox3 Text Underline 4. Ketikan Kode berikut pada masing masing objek Arahkan pArahkan pointer mouse pada kontol textbox1, klik kanan dan pilih event lalu change. Ketikan kode berikut. PUBLIC SUB TextBox1_Change() label1.Text=textbox1.Text END Arahkan pointer mouse pada kontol RadioButton1, klik kanan , pilih event lalu pilh click. Ketikan kode berikut. PUBLIC SUB RadioButton1_Click() ©warna label1 =biru label1.ForeColor=&H5500FF& END Arahkan pointer mouse pada kontol RadioButton2, klik kanan , pilih event lalu pilh click. Ketikan kode berikut. PUBLIC SUB RadioButton2_Click() ©warna label1 =biru label1.ForeColor=&HAA0000& END Arahkan pointer mouse pada kontol RadioButton3, klik kanan , pilih event lalu pilh click. Ketikan kode berikut. PUBLIC SUB RadioButton3_Click() ©warna label1=hijau label1.ForeColor=&H005500& END Arahkan pointer mouse pada kontol CheckBox1, klik kanan , pilih event lalu pilh click. Ketikan kode berikut. PUBLIC SUB CheckBox1_Click() ©font dari label1 italic jika checkbox1 bernilai true(checkbox1 dicentang) label1.Font.Italic=checkbox1.Value END Arahkan pointer mouse pada kontol CheckBox2, klik kanan , pilih event lalu pilh click. Ketikan kode berikut. PUBLIC SUB CheckBox2_Click() ©font dari label1 tebal jika checkbox2 bernilai true(checkbox2 dicentang) label1.Font.Bold=checkbox2.Value END Arahkan pointer mouse pada kontol CheckBox3, klik kanan , pilih event lalu pilh click. Ketikan kode berikut. PUBLIC SUB CheckBox3_Click() ©font dari label1 underline jika checkbox3 bernilai true(checbox3 dicentang) label1.Font.Underline=checkbox3.Value END Catatan: Pastikan formnya sebagai start program. Caranya dengan klik kanan pada form tersebut dan pilih startup class. Jalankan dengan mengklik tombol run Coba Anda isikan dan hasilnya akan seperti gambar berikut. Gb 2.2 Hasil Eksekusi Program Text-Radio Pada Program yang telah kita buat ada beberapa hal yang perlu kita perhatikan, yaitu penggunaan event pada masing -masing objek atau kontrol. Ada dua event yang kita pelajari dari program yang telah kita buat yaitu event Change dan Click. Tidak semua Objek memiliki event yang sama sebagai contoh event change ini ada pada Textbox tetapi tidak dimilik oleh Button, Checkbox dan RadioButton. Event Change berarti pada saat terjadi perubahan pada kontol maka kode perintah yang ada di dalamnya akan dijalankan. Event Click berarti pada saat objek diklik maka kode perintah yang ada dalam kontol tersebut akan dijalankan. Demikian program pertama telah kita buat. Jika Anda belum puas maka lanjutkan pada pembuatan program berikutnya. Semangat terus pantang mundur. 2.2. Program Password Pada Program kali ini kita akan belajar menggunakan pesan 1. Buatlah tampilan sebagai berikut: Gb 2.3 Rancangan Form Program Password 2. Atur Properti Objek seperti pada tabel berikut: No. Objek Properi Nilai 1 Label1 Text Password 2. Textbox1 Text kosongkan Password True 3. Button1 Text &OK 4. Button2 Text &Keluar 3. Double klik pada tombol OK dan ketikan kode berikut: PUBLIC SUB Button1_Click() ©melihat isi teksbox jika "addsafar" maka menuju pernyataan case IF textbox1.Text="addsafar" THEN SELECT CASE message.Question("Password Anda benar, Ingin mengulang lagi ?","yes","no") CASE 1 textbox1.Text="" CASE 2 ME.Close END SELECT ELSE message.Warning("password anda salah","ok") textbox1.text="" ENDIF END 4. Double klik pada tombo OK dan ketikna kode berikut: PUBLIC SUB Button2_Click() ME.Close END Coba Anda jalankan dengan mengklik tombol run. Ketikan password, jika password benar maka akan ditampilkan seperti gambar berikut: Gb 2.4. Pesan Jika Passwod benar Pada program di atas terdapat perintah message. Perintah ini adalah untuk menampilkan pesan seperti msgbox dalam Visual Basic. Option Question merupakan pilihan untuk ikon dalam pesan yaitu berupa Tanda tanya. Sedangkan Wanring akan menampilkan icon peringatan pada pesan. Pada program juga terdapta pernyataan Case dan If. Untuk klausa Case dan If akan dibahas pada Bab yang akan datang. 2.3. Program Aritmatika Untuk Program Gambas3 ini kita akan mencoba program yang mungkin akan mengingatkan Anda pada Pelajaran SD atau TK doeloe. Dalam hitung menghitung saya yakin Anda semua sudah pintar, tapi disini kita akan melatih logika kita dalam membuat program Aritmatika. Mudah kok. Gak ada basa basi lagi langsung saja praktekin, hayati setiap gerakan, setiap baris program dan renungkan apa yang dapat dipetik dari pelajaran ini :) 1. Buatlah rancangan Form seperti gambar dibawah ini: Gb 2.5. Desain Form untuk Program Gambas3 2. Atur masing masing kontrol No Objek Propeti Nilai 1. Label1 Text Bilangan 1 2. Label2 Text Bilangan 2 3. Label3 Text Operasi 4. Label4 Text Hasil 5. TextBox1
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