Compasses, Meetings and Maps: Three Recent Media Works
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Downloaded from http://www.mitpressjournals.org/doi/pdf/10.1162/leon.2006.39.4.334 by guest on 23 September 2021 Compasses, Meetings and Maps: Three Recent Media Works ABSTRACT The article explores possible Rachel O’Reilly cultural approaches to new- PLACE, GROUND AND PRACTICE media art aesthetics and criticism through an in-depth appraisal of recent works by three contemporary practition- ers from Asia and the Pacific: Lisa Reihana, Vernon Ah Kee and Qiu Zhijie. Particular atten- he past decade has seen distinctive conceptual, which are instantly recognizable to tion is paid to the issues of T place, location and cultural material and political inquiries within the domain of indige- the international traveler—into a practice in their work, issues nous and intercultural new-media arts in Australia and the Pa- continuous, revolving, clockwise currently under-examined in cific [1]. Indigenous notions of place connect self and history pan of short takes. Within this rep- new-media art discourse. The to land, spirit to geography, and narratives to navigation in resentation of circumnavigation, analysis pays close attention to complex, highly diverse spatial practices that operate very dif- the strongest site of familiar dwell- the operationality of the works, ferently from Cartesian representations and imaginings. While ing seems to exist in the relation- the influence of pre-digital aesthetic histories and the richly the relationship of new-media art practices, and indeed of in- ship between the artist and his locative and virtual schemas of dividual artists, to cultural praxis is not straightforward, prac- camera. The constant ground of the indigenous epistemologies that titioners making and pursuing a field of inquiry that continues artist’s self pragmatically displaces serve to meaningfully expand to draw its conceptual references, terminologies and histories a need for lived place, and expe- Euro-American notions of locative media art. of activity from European and American histories of art and rience is “local” only upon his technology have opened up important questions about the body, which navigates within a frag- cultural assumptions of what new-media practice is. Qui Zhi- mented field of international vi- jie (China), Lisa Reihana (New Zealand) and Vernon Ah Kee sions and experiences. Discussing (Australia) are useful points of reference when working to con- these video landscapes–cum–temporal self-portraits, Qiu Zhi- sider notions of place and virtuality as these are understood jie speaks of the importance of the compass to ancient Chi- within contemporary new-media practice. In their videos and nese culture, understood as divining navigation by bringing installations, these artists point to a complicated set of rela- the heaven’s magnetic forces into dialogue with the earth’s tionships between place and artistic expression within new- plane. The artist’s conceptualization of “landscapes,” in which media arts—a field that has perhaps not yet fully accounted the body and technology figure prominently, highlights a num- for cultured engagements with media technologies and place- ber of key aesthetic, epistemological and representational con- informed histories of aesthetics in its focus upon the narrowly cerns in seeing and reading place in networked culture. technological new. Landscape, while questioning the mobility of identity within trans-local experiences and exchanges, points to the subtle conjoining of metaphor and math that is at the core of con- DIFFERENCE NAVIGATORS ceptual approaches to place in media arts discourse. Landscape Chinese artist Qui Zhijie, a seasoned traveler, records in Land- locates an experience of global culture within a very specifi- scape (1999) his experience of key city centers, public trans- cally “Chinese” history of technology. Navigational practices port systems, restaurant interiors, marketplaces, parks and are an interesting referent here, because their comparative museum spaces with a portable camcorder. In the work’s open- study reveals great discrepancies in the actual tools, meta- ing sequence, time-lapse photography of a public park in physical assumptions and computational systems used by some China is used to represent local meaning in fast-forward. Peo- of the most reputed navigators of land and ocean [3]. The ple walk hurriedly past the camera as slight changes in the lack of any foundational mathematic or trans-cultural princi- weather and the flow of traffic accumulate in the viewer’s mind ples of spatial practice through which the competency and ac- to indicate the nature of the everyday in that location. The curacy of specific, highly functional and spiritually elaborate way in which this fixed shot captures and compresses local ways of seeing and reading place might be investigated [4] ex- inhabitants’ movements and interactions over time suggests pands locative discourse in significant ways. Here we might initially that the artist understands “place” as a function of alternatively appreciate “place” in sociological terms, as a cul- dwelling [2]. Thereafter, however, a close-up image of the turally specific assemblage of local realities, and “spatial prac- artist’s face links disparate international scenes—many of tices”—methods for knowing and practicing location—as variable concept-objects [5] subject to critical and compara- tive review. If Western maps are merely one means of expe- Rachel O’Reilly (curator), Video and New Media, Queensland Art Gallery Queensland Gallery of Modern Art, P.O. Box 3686, South Brisbane, QLD, Australia 4101. riencing the local, enabling mobility and constructing the E-mail: <[email protected]>. global, we might read Qiu Zhijie’s gesture as at least implic- itly grounded in an appreciation of the existence of other pos- Article Frontispiece. Lisa Reihana, Marakihau from Digital sible matrices and contemporaneous interpretive practices. Marae, limited edition color cibachrome photograph mounted The artist’s visualization of circumnavigation, beginning and on aluminum, 200 × 100 × 0.35 cm, 2001. (© Lisa Reihana. ending through the self, also recognizes the embodied na- Collection Queensland Art Gallery.) ture of belief invested in spatial practices in order for them ©2006 Rachel O’Reilly LEONARDO, Vol. 39, No. 4, pp. 334–339, 2006 335 Downloaded from http://www.mitpressjournals.org/doi/pdf/10.1162/leon.2006.39.4.334 by guest on 23 September 2021 Her representation in photographed form as part of Digital Marae is an inno- vation that has been accepted by the artist’s Maori community [8]. Kurangai- tuku appears in dual emotional states: saddened by the death of her exotic birds at the hands of Hatupatu, who covets her feather coat, and frustrated from a failed attempt to rip Hatupatu from his hiding PLACE, GROUND AND PRACTICE place behind a rock face [9]. She warns of the spiritual imbalance that accom- panies greed and retaliation. Marakihau (Article Frontispiece) is an ocean tani- wha, an ancestor usually represented in the form of a “merman” who embodies the ocean’s power. With a hollow tongue, Reihana’s female Marakihau is able to suck whole people and boats from the waves. Together the ancestors take up the four walls of the gallery space and look down onto viewers—the inhabitants of Reihana’s virtual marae—to create an aura of instruction and inspiration and a deeply physical sense of habitation within this ancestral experience and wisdom. In Maori epistemology, all living things are descended from the ancestors, which are embodied within particular moun- tains, rivers and lakes. Central to Maori community life, the traditional meet- ing place of the marae—both an area of sacred tribal ground and a physical architectural space—is a richly locative institution in that it is positioned in dia- logue with this spatialized, spiritual or- Fig. 1. Lisa Reihana, Hinewai from Digital Marae, limited-edition color cibachrome der. The marae generates a strong sense photograph mounted on aluminum, 120 × 140 × 0.35 cm, 2001. (© Lisa Reihana. of belonging for those affiliated with the Collection Queensland Art Gallery.) meeting house. Assemblies literally take place within the body of the ancestors [10]. The Wharenui (literally translated to be sense-making and truly operational. Pouwhenua was undertaken by men. Rei- as the big or main house) symbolizes the Here, Lisa Reihana’s work is of great hana has used contemporary color pho- ancestors’ body, the central roof beam its relevance. tographic techniques to render her Pou backbone, and the rafters its ribs. The Pou as lush, impassioned female charac- back wall represents death and darkness, ters, both as a tribute to the importance and the front doorway, usually facing east CYBER-MYTHOLOGIES of matriarchy in Maori culture and to the to greet the rising sun, represents life and Conjoining Maori and cyberculture contemporary dynamism of Maori lore. creation [11]. The architectural framing mythology, Lisa Reihana constructs cul- As reworked traditional stories, the fig- of spiritual landscapes before and behind turally salient, richly ordered interactive ures outline a series of archetypal narra- the marae presents concepts of enclosure meeting places. Her installation Digital tives concerned with risk and becoming, and cultural openness in concrete form, Marae (2001) suggests that the principles desire, greed and consequence. Mahuika, which are experienced and performed of virtual culture [6] extend usefully out- the anchor figure of the marae (Color with the body [12]. Public meetings, de- side material relationships to networked Plate G), symbolizes tradition in Maori bates and ceremonies are given an ulti- machines. Visitors to the artist’s recon- culture and is surrounded by smoke and mate expression in this context through ception of a traditional marae (Maori hot lava. Living in the underworld, she complex cultural protocols and oral tra- meetinghouse) greet four life-sized por- was tricked by her grandson into pass- ditions. Here landscape, architecture and traits of lustrous, spectacular women rem- ing on to him all the power that she pos- ancestral narratives engage the visitor iniscent of otherworldly characters from sesses in her fingernails [7].