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The Native Trouts of the Genus Salmo of Western North America
CItiEt'SW XHPYTD: RSOTLAITYWUAS 4 Monograph of ha, TEMPI, AZ The Native Trouts of the Genus Salmo Of Western North America Robert J. Behnke "9! August 1979 z 141, ' 4,W \ " • ,1■\t 1,es. • . • • This_report was funded by USDA, Forest Service Fish and Wildlife Service , Bureau of Land Management FORE WARD This monograph was prepared by Dr. Robert J. Behnke under contract funded by the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, the Bureau of Land Management, and the U.S. Forest Service. Region 2 of the Forest Service was assigned the lead in coordinating this effort for the Forest Service. Each agency assumed the responsibility for reproducing and distributing the monograph according to their needs. Appreciation is extended to the Bureau of Land Management, Denver Service Center, for assistance in publication. Mr. Richard Moore, Region 2, served as Forest Service Coordinator. Inquiries about this publication should be directed to the Regional Forester, 11177 West 8th Avenue, P.O. Box 25127, Lakewood, Colorado 80225. Rocky Mountain Region September, 1980 Inquiries about this publication should be directed to the Regional Forester, 11177 West 8th Avenue, P.O. Box 25127, Lakewood, Colorado 80225. it TABLE OF CONTENTS Page Preface ..................................................................................................................................................................... Introduction .................................................................................................................................................................. -
Is This a Sea Trout Or a Brown Trout? This Was the Question That Accompanied a Photograph on Social Media Recently, Alongside a Rather Large Trout
Is this a sea trout or a brown trout? This was the question that accompanied a photograph on social media recently, alongside a rather large trout. And the answer is... well, it’s complicated, but interesting. Denise Ashton tackles a tricky one O start with what may not be lake) brown trout. Being brown and Tobvious: we think that sea spotty is a much better camouflage in trout and brown trout are the same the river than standing out, all bright species, Salmo trutta. A sea trout is and shiny silver. a brown trout that has decided to Once the obvious sliver colour go to sea and in order to do so, it has gone, there are some clues that has been through a process of will tell you it is a sea trout, but they ‘smoltification’. This process means are not absolutely reliable. The most trout change in some amazing ways: obvious is size. One reason that sea for example, they become silvery by trout follow the often-risky strategy producing guanine crystals on their of going to sea is because the food scales, their eyes enlarge and their supply at home is poor, but the internal organs adapt to cope with benefits must outweigh the costs. the moves between fresh and In order to grow big and produce seawater. It is the distinctive silvery lots of eggs to pass on genes to the colour that most people associate SHARMAN PAUL next generation (most sea trout are with sea trout, so a silver trout is female), it pays to go to sea to grow a sea trout and a brown trout is… It is the distinctive silvery large. -
Extinction Rates in North American Freshwater Fishes, 1900–2010 Author(S): Noel M
Extinction Rates in North American Freshwater Fishes, 1900–2010 Author(s): Noel M. Burkhead Source: BioScience, 62(9):798-808. 2012. Published By: American Institute of Biological Sciences URL: http://www.bioone.org/doi/full/10.1525/bio.2012.62.9.5 BioOne (www.bioone.org) is a nonprofit, online aggregation of core research in the biological, ecological, and environmental sciences. BioOne provides a sustainable online platform for over 170 journals and books published by nonprofit societies, associations, museums, institutions, and presses. Your use of this PDF, the BioOne Web site, and all posted and associated content indicates your acceptance of BioOne’s Terms of Use, available at www.bioone.org/page/terms_of_use. Usage of BioOne content is strictly limited to personal, educational, and non-commercial use. Commercial inquiries or rights and permissions requests should be directed to the individual publisher as copyright holder. BioOne sees sustainable scholarly publishing as an inherently collaborative enterprise connecting authors, nonprofit publishers, academic institutions, research libraries, and research funders in the common goal of maximizing access to critical research. Articles Extinction Rates in North American Freshwater Fishes, 1900–2010 NOEL M. BURKHEAD Widespread evidence shows that the modern rates of extinction in many plants and animals exceed background rates in the fossil record. In the present article, I investigate this issue with regard to North American freshwater fishes. From 1898 to 2006, 57 taxa became extinct, and three distinct populations were extirpated from the continent. Since 1989, the numbers of extinct North American fishes have increased by 25%. From the end of the nineteenth century to the present, modern extinctions varied by decade but significantly increased after 1950 (post-1950s mean = 7.5 extinct taxa per decade). -
David Starr Jordan
CUT-THROAT TROUT: Salmo clarkii (Richardson). TAHOE TROUT: Salmo henshawi (Gill and Jordan). CRESCENT TROUT: Salmo crescentis (Jordan and Seale). THE TROUT AND SALMON OF THE PACIFIC COAST With Drawings from Nature by Sekko Shimada By David Starr Jordan TROUT It is now just a hundred original parentage, no doubt, was fron years ago that Meri- some sort of a land-locked salmon; their wether Lewis and Wil- original birthplace perhaps not a thousand liam Clark, encouraged miles from the Baltic Sea. Since that by Thomas Jefferson, time of their birthday, very long ago the Roosevelt of those trout have traveled up and down the riv- days, crossed the great ers, down into the sea and up another divide and explored the river, until they have reached from Scot- waters which we now call Columbia. land to Chihuahua, from Montana to the It was in the headwaters of the Co- Pyrenees, and whoever seeks them hon- lumbia that these explorers first met with estly anywhere in all this range shall find the true trout in America. William Clark, exceeding great reward. Whether he who was a judge of fine fishes, found it catches trout or not, it does not matter good, and thirty years later, when Sir he will be a better man for the breath John Richardson published his noble work of the forests and the wash of the moun- on the animals of the North, "Fauna- tain streams in which the trout makes its Boreali-Americana," he named this Co- home. lumbia River trout Salmo clarkii. CUT-THROAT TROUT. -
Trout and Other Game Fishes of British Columbia
THE TROUT AND OTHER GAME FISHES OF BRITISH COLUMBIA BY J. R. DYMOND DEPARTMENT OF BIOLOGY, UNIVERSITY OF TORONTO III ustra ted by E. B. S. LOGIER ROYAL ONTARIO MUSEUM OF ZOOLOGY, TORONTO PUBLISHED BY THE DEPARTMENT OF FISHERIES OTTAWA F. A. ACLAND PRINTER TO THE KING'S MOST EXCELLENT MAJESTY 1932 Price, $1.00 CONTENTS PAGE .!,CK~OWLEDGMENT .... .. 4 :_;--fRODuCTION- Salmon, trout and char. 5 \\'hat constitutes a distinct kind or species of trout? . 6 Discussion of classification adopted. 8 Identification of species.. ... 8 Key to the fishes described in this publication. 11 ~ROCT- _TEELHEAD: Description ......... .... 13 Life-history and habits . .. .. 14 K..U!LOOPS TROUT: Description. .. .. ............ ..... ..... .... .. ...... 17 Life-history and habits. ...... .. 19 ?I!ountain Kamloops trout ...... .......... .... .. ..... .. .. 26 Ccr-THROAT TROUT: Coastal cut-throat trout.. ...... .. .. .. .. ........ ....... 28 Description. ...... ........ ...... ..... 28 Life-history and habits ..... ......... ....... ...... 29 Yellowstone cut-throat trout ... .. ...... ........ 30 Description ..................................... ... 31 Life-history and habits . ......... .. .. .............. 32 Mountain cut-throat trout ..... .... .. .. ..... ........... .. 32 Description ............ ................. ... .. 33 Food and other habits .. .. ..... .. .. ... ........... 34 HYBRID TROUT ... .... 35 :\ TLA~nC SALMON .. 35 BROW); TROUT .. 36 C "=_-\R- DOLLY VARDE~: Description. ................... ...... .. .. ............ 37 Habits . ................. -
Montana Statewide Fisheries Management Program and Guide
2019-2027 Montana Statewide Fisheries Management Program and Guide THE OUTSIDE IS IN US ALL d>K&KEdEd^ ^ddt/&/^,Z/^DE'DEdWZK'ZDE'h/WZd/͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͘ ϰ /EdZKhd/KEEWhZWK^͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͘͘ ϰ DKEdE͛^&/^,Z/^Z^KhZ^͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙ ϱ &/^,Z/^DE'DEdWZK'ZD͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙ ϭϭ Yhd/,/ddWZK'ZD͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͘ ϯϯ tdZZZd/KEE^^WZK'ZD͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͘ ϰϱ Yhd//Es^/s^W/^WZK'ZD͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙ ϱϮ ^ddt/&/^,Z/^DE'DEdWZK'ZDE'h/WZd//͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙ ϱϲ <KKdE/Z/sZZ/E'͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙ ϱϵ ^Khd,&KZ<&>d,Z/sZZ/E'͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙ ϳϵ ^tEZ/sZZ/E'͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͘͘ ϴϱ &>d,Z/sZZ/E'͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͘ ϵϱ hWWZ>Z<&KZ<Z/sZZ/E'͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙ ϭϬϱ >Z<&KZ<Z/sZ&>/EdͬZK<Z/E'͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙ ϭϭϯ ><&KKdZ/sZZ/E'͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͘͘ ϭϮϵ /ddZZKKdZ/sZZ/E'͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͘ ϭϰϬ D/>>Z<&KZ<Z/sZZ/E'͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͘ ϭϰϵ >KtZ>Z<&KZ<Z/sZZ/E'͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͘͘ ϭϱϵ ZZK<Z/sZZ/E'͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͘ ϭϳϲ ZhzZ/sZZ/E'͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͘ ϭϴϰ sZ,Z/sZZ/E'͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͘ ϭϵϬ /',K>Z/sZZ/E'͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙ ϭϵϱ Kh>ZZ/sZZ/E'͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͘͘ ϮϬϯ :&&Z^KEZ/sZZ/E'͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͘͘ ϮϬϳ D/^KEZ/sZZ/E'͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͘ ϮϭϮ '>>d/EZ/sZZ/E'͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͘ Ϯϭϴ hWWZD/^^KhZ/Z/sZZ/E'͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙ ϮϮϰ D/^^KhZ/Z/sZʹZKZEZ/E'͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͘ Ϯϯϲ 2 ^D/d,Z/sZZ/E'͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͙͘ -
Basic Identification of Common Game and Non-Game Fishes of North Carolina
BASIC IDENTIFICATION OF COMMON GAME AND NON-GAME FISHES OF NORTH CAROLINA Prepared for use as an Instructional Tool for Wildlife Enforcement Officer Basic Training Chad D. Thomas Fisheries Biologist NORTH CAROLINA WILDLIFE RESOURCES COMMISSION DIVISION OF INLAND FISHERIES Raleigh, North Carolina 2000 ii TABLE OF CONTENTS Lesson Purpose and Justification .....................................................................................1 Training Objectives ...........................................................................................................1 Legal Definitions of Fishes ................................................................................................2 Anatomical Features of Fishes..........................................................................................3 Key to Families of North Carolina Fishes........................................................................5 Description of Common Game and Non-game Fishes..................................................10 Mountain Trout (Family Salmonidae) Brook Trout (Salvelinus fontinalis) ..................................................................... 10 Rainbow Trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss).............................................................. 10 Brown Trout (Salmo trutta) ................................................................................. 11 Kokanee (Oncorhynchus nerka) .......................................................................... 11 Sunfish (Family Centrarchidae) Largemouth bass (Micropterus salmoides)......................................................... -
Extinction Rates in North American Freshwater Fishes, 19002010
Extinction Rates in North American Freshwater Fishes, 1900–2010 Author(s): Noel M. Burkhead Reviewed work(s): Source: BioScience, Vol. 62, No. 9 (September 2012), pp. 798-808 Published by: University of California Press on behalf of the American Institute of Biological Sciences Stable URL: http://www.jstor.org/stable/10.1525/bio.2012.62.9.5 . Accessed: 21/09/2012 12:59 Your use of the JSTOR archive indicates your acceptance of the Terms & Conditions of Use, available at . http://www.jstor.org/page/info/about/policies/terms.jsp . JSTOR is a not-for-profit service that helps scholars, researchers, and students discover, use, and build upon a wide range of content in a trusted digital archive. We use information technology and tools to increase productivity and facilitate new forms of scholarship. For more information about JSTOR, please contact [email protected]. University of California Press and American Institute of Biological Sciences are collaborating with JSTOR to digitize, preserve and extend access to BioScience. http://www.jstor.org Articles Articles Extinction Rates in North American Freshwater Fishes, 1900–2010 NOEL M. BURKHEAD Widespread evidence shows that the modern rates of extinction in many plants and animals exceed background rates in the fossil record. In the present article, I investigate this issue with regard to North American freshwater fishes. From 1898 to 2006, 57 taxa became extinct, and three distinct populations were extirpated from the continent. Since 1989, the numbers of extinct North American fishes have increased by 25%. From the end of the nineteenth century to the present, modern extinctions varied by decade but significantly increased after 1950 (post-1950s mean = 7.5 extinct taxa per decade). -
Call Numbers for Salmonidae
CALL NUMBERS FOR SALMONIDAE Use this chart for the special breakdown of QL638.S2. The names in boldface represent authorized Library of Congress subject headings. Works on ciscoes, salmon, trout, and whitefish using these common names but covering species within one genus will be classed under the specific genus. Made-up example: Title: Guide to trouts. Subjects: Cutthroat (Oncorhynchus clarkii), rainbow trout (O. mykiss), and Apache trout (O. apache). Class under: Oncorhynchus (.S25) Works on ciscoes, salmon, trout, and whitefish covering species which belong to more than one genus but which fall collectively under one of these common names will be classed under the Cutter for the common name. Made-up example: Title: Guide to trouts. Subjects: Cutthroat trout (Oncorhynchus clarkii), brown trout (Salmo trutta), and lake trout (Salvelinus namaycush). Class under: “trout” (.S216) The fishes are arranged by scientific (Latin) nomenclature. Only the most current standard scientific (Latin) name is given. Obsolete and debated scientific names are numerous. Adjustments to taxonomical classification are not uncommon, including reclassification to a different genus. The previous or alternative versions of common (vernacular) names are shown. Be aware that some market names (those used commercially) are scientifically incorrect. For brevity, this table excludes some species and races, particularly under Coregonus and Salvelinus. ARLIS Call Numbers for Salmonidae under QL638 Salmonidae Salmonidae (in general or two or more genuses) .S2 Coregonidae -
Maine's Coldwater Game Fish Poster
Maine’sMaine’s ColdwaterColdwater GameGame FishFish Brown Trout Brook Trout Landlocked Salmon Togue Splake Arctic Charr Lake Whitefish Rainbow Trout Rainbow Smelt Cusk Maine Department of All in for the Maine Outdoors. Inland Fisheries and Wildlife mefishwildlife.com Maine’s Coldwater Game Fish COMMON NAME: BROWN TROUT COMMON NAME: EASTERN BROOK TROUT OTHER NAMES: GERMAN BROWN TROUT, BROWNIE, LOCH LEVEN TROUT, SAIBLING OTHER NAMES: SQUARETAIL, BROOKIE, SPECKLED TROUT SCIENTIFIC NAME: Salmo trutta SCIENTIFIC NAME: Salvelinus fontinalis ORIGIN: Introduced ORIGIN: Native ADULT SIZE: Normal size is 14-20 inches and 1-2 pounds. Browns occasionally reach 10 pounds. ADULT SIZE: Size varies greatly, depending on water temperature, productivity, and food sources. The statewide average length of 3-year-old brook trout in Maine lakes is 13.3 inches. However, IDENTIFICATION: Usual coloration is light brown or tawny with pronounced black spots on the back, same-age trout from different lakes range from 7.5 to 17.5 inches in length. Stream populations sides and head. Spots are often surrounded with reddish halo, along with reddish spots on the sides. are typically slower growing than lake populations. Some high elevation trout populations mature Color is highly variable and browns are occasionally confused with landlocked salmon. and reproduce at lengths smaller than 6 inches. IDENTIFICATION: Color is variable, depending on habitat. Brook trout can be distinguished from other members of the trout family by the dark, wavy, worm-like line on their back and the white leading edges of their fins, including the tail. COMMON NAME: LANDLOCKED ATLANTIC SALMON OTHER NAMES: SEBAGO SALMON, OUANANICHE SCIENTIFIC NAME: Salmo salar COMMON NAME: LAKE TROUT, TOGUE OTHER NAMES: LAKER, GREY TROUT, MACKINAW ORIGIN: Native SCIENTIFIC NAME: Salvelinus namaycush ADULT SIZE: Average size is 16-18 inches and 1-1/2-2 pounds, but 3-5 pound fish are not uncommon. -
Occasional Papers of the Museum of Zoology
OCCASIONAL PAPERS OF THE MUSEUM OF ZOOLOGY UNIVERSITY OF MICHIGAN NOTES ON THE CUTTHROAT AND RAINBOW TROUTS WITH THE DESCRIPTION OF A NEW SPECIES FROM THE GILA RIVER, NEW MEXICO THE trouts of western North America have long provided rec- reation to the outdoorsman and perplexing problems to the systematic ichthyologist. The notorious variability of these fishes, in coloration as well as in body form and meristic char- acters, has led to the recognition of no less than 33 nominal species, many of them based on only 1 or a few specimens (Jordan, Evermann, and Clark, 1930: 56-59; Snyder, 1933, 1934, 1940). It is probable that the status of a number of these forms may never be securely clarified. The endless transplantation of stoclcs, with much interbreeding in hatcher- ies and in nature, has made it extremely difficult, often im- possible, for the specialist to identjfy specimens with assur- ance. Many stocks have been either extirpated or greatly modified through alterations of the environment and through the widespread stocking of exotic forms, which often eliminate the native trout or hybridize with them. A few species seem to have been exterminated. The emerald trout of Pyramid Lake, Nevada (Map I), Salmo smaragdus Snyder, rare even 35 years ago, is almost surely extinct. The royal silver trout, Salmo regalis Snyder, a species confined to the deep waters 2 Robert Rush Miller Occ. Papers of Lalre Tahoe, California and Nevada (Map l), has not been taken for many years and is presumed to be extinct. Angling enthusiast Richard S. Croker, of the California Division of Fish and Game, has assured me that Salmo everma~zniJordan and Snyder, which once abounded above the falls of Santa Ana River in southern California (Map I), disappeared about 1935, when he caught what may have been the last pure sample of this interesting species. -
Statewide Freshwater Rules Using Freshwater Rules 1 Read: the Statewide Freshwater Rules and Statewide Freshwater Species Rules
Washington Sport Fishing Rules: Effective May 1, 2014 - June 30, 2015 Statewide Freshwater Rules Using Freshwater Rules 1 Read: The Statewide Freshwater Rules and Statewide Freshwater Species Rules. Determine seasons and general rules applying to the species for which you intend to fish. Remember to check for emergency rules, which can be found by calling the WDFW Fishing Hotline at (360) 902-2500, by contacting statewide customer service at (360) 902-2700, or by visiting the WDFW website at http://wdfw.wa.gov. 2 Choose: The location you are going to fish and check that area for Special Rule listings. Special Rules are divided into six areas: Coastal Rivers, Puget Sound and Strait Rivers, Westside Rivers, Westside Lakes, Eastside Rivers, and Eastside Lakes. RIVERS lists rivers, streams, and beaver ponds. LAKES lists lakes, ponds, and reservoirs. For the purposes of this pamphlet, the COLUMBIA AND SNAKE RIVERS are rivers (not reservoirs), and any special rules that apply are listed in the Eastside Rivers section. See map below for additional infomation. Freshwater Rules Freshwater 3 If your area is listed in a Special Rules section: Read Special Rules Instructions on the bottom of page 16. If your area is NOT listed in the Special Rules for Westside Rivers, Eastside Rivers, Westside Lakes, and Eastside Lakes (pages 52-95), then all the Statewide Rules apply. In the Puget Sound, Strait, and Coastal Rivers sections ALL unlisted areas are CLOSED. 4 The following terms are used frequently in the Special Rules: Catch-and-release, Chumming, Daily Limit, Fly Fishing Only, Juvenile Only, Landlocked Salmon Rules, Minimum Size (min.