DOCSLIB.ORG

Van Hoyweghen 1..197

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Van Hoyweghen 1..197 welfare care & care & care & welfare Ine Van Hoyweghen is a postdoctoral research fellow welfare at the University of Maastricht. Ine Van Hoyweghen Risks in the Making In recent decades, insurance companies, scientists and the public have debated the potential use of genetic testing in the insurance industry. With Risks in the Making, Ine Van Hoyweghen alters the terms of the debate, moving it from abstract, theoretical grounds to the question of how insurance companies actually work. Through an empirical Risks in the Making ethnographic study of life insurance, Van Hoyweghen reveals fascinating Travels in Life Insurance and Genetics and important details about insurance practices and risk management, underscoring the diversity of insurance markets, underwriting practices Van Hoyweghen and strategies. By doing so, this book opens up an important examination of today’s risk selection procedures in the insurance industry for not only those directly connected to the field, but a wider audience who may be interested in understanding how the impact of developments in the life sciences in today’s core institutional practices can be interrogated through sociological inquiry. ISBN-13 978 90 5356 927 6 ISBN-10 90 5356 927 8 www.aup.nl A U P A U P Risks in the Making CARE & WELFARE Care and welfare are changing rapidly in contemporary welfare states. The Care & Welfare series publishes studies on changing relationships between citizens and professionals, on care and welfare governance, on identity politics in the context of these welfare state transformations, and on ethical topics. It will inspire the international academic and political debate by developing and reflecting upon theories of (health) care and welfare through detailed national case studies and/or international com- parisons. This series will offer new insights into the interdisciplinary theory of care and welfare and its practices. series editors Jan Willem Duyvendak, University of Amsterdam Trudie Knijn, Utrecht University Monique Kremer, Netherlands Scientific Council for Government Policy (Wetenschappelijke Raad voor het Regeringsbeleid – WRR) Margo Trappenburg, Utrecht University, Erasmus University Rotterdam previously published Jan Willem Duyvendak, Trudie Knijn and Monique Kremer (eds.), Policy, People, and the New Professional. De-professionalisation and Re-profession- alisation in Care and Welfare, 2006 (ISBN 978 90 5356 885 9) Risks in the Making Travels in Life Insurance and Genetics Ine Van Hoyweghen Cover design: Sabine Mannel, NEON Design, Amsterdam Layout: JAPES, Amsterdam ISBN-13 978 90 5356 927 6 ISBN-10 90 5356 927 8 NUR 741 / 756 © Amsterdam University Press, Amsterdam 2007 All rights reserved. Without limiting the rights under copyright reserved above, no part of this book may be reproduced, stored in or introduced into a retrieval system, or transmitted, in any form or by any means (electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording or otherwise) without the written permission of both the copyright owner and the author of the book. Contents Preface 7 I Risky Business: The Collision of Genetics and Life Insurance 9 Genetics and Society 9 Reconstructing Risky Business 15 Risky Travels 22 Making Risk, Enacting the Social 24 II “Genetics Is Not the Issue”: Insurers on Genetics and Life Insurance 27 Introduction 27 A Public Relations Problem 27 From Playing Defence to a Proactive Approach 33 The Politics of Waiting 41 Conclusion 44 III Risky Bodies Stage 1: Constituting the Underwriting Practice 49 Introduction 49 The Non-Medical Appetiser of the Table 50 Positioning the Product: The Medical Questionnaire 56 Conclusion 64 IV Risky Bodies Stage 2: Governing by Numbers 67 Introduction 67 Categorising Risky Bodies 72 Measuring Risky Bodies 84 Conclusion 93 V Risky Bodies Stage 3: The Art of Underwriting 97 Introduction 97 The Relevance of Judgement 98 The Manoeuvrability of the Final Risk Appraisal 105 At the End of the Day 113 Conclusion 116 VI Risky Bodies Future Stage? Risk Carriers and Risk Takers 119 Introduction 119 Lifestyle as Predictive Health Information 121 The Involuntary Character of Genetic Risks 131 Risk Carriers vs. Risk Takers 133 Side Effects of a Genetic Essentialism 134 Conclusion 136 5 VII Towards Experimental Learning 141 Learning by Travelling 141 The Organisation of Voice to Stimulate Learning Processes 141 Risk Taking as Experimental Learning with Genetics 154 Glossary 161 Notes 165 Bibliography 177 Index 193 6 contents Preface Everybody's a mad scientist, and life is their lab. We're all trying to experiment to find a way to live, to solve problems, to fend off madness and chaos. David Cronenberg AIDS, gene crops, BSE, stem cells… In an uncertain society like ours we can never demand too much from science to provide conclusive solu- tions to these issues. Faced with prevailing uncertainties, we need fresh policy perspectives. This book reports on a journey through one of these current issues: the use of genetic testing in insurance. In an effort to find new openings, the book explores this from an empirical sociological angle – by studying the insurance industry from the inside. It explores medical underwriting practices and how insurers make insurance risks. I highlight the many experiments, oscillations and balancing acts in- surers face in order to arrive at “proper” insurability rates, as a matter of trial and error. My own methodological approach also capitalises on this experimental character and, as such, the travel metaphor has been used throughout the book. By identifying insurance risk selection as assem- blage work, the book creates spaces for negotiation on the insurability of people. From there, I make an appeal for “risk taking” in insurance in dealing with the uncertainties of genetics. Such “risk taking” might take the form of an experimental learning policy during the process of risk making. The book provides empirical arguments for this new policy per- spective. It is an edited version of my Ph.D. thesis, which was defended at the Catholic University of Leuven (Belgium) in 2004. Many people supported me during this trip. Special thanks are first and foremost to my thesis advisors, Rita Schepers and Klasien Horst- man. They provided the essential moral and intellectual support, lis- tened patiently to my doubts and enthusiasms and helped whenever I momentarily lost track. Many friends and colleagues offered invaluable advice and support over the years. First, I would like to mention my co- travellers of the Department of Sociology at the Catholic University of Leuven: Lesley Hustinx, Anja Declercq, Hans Neefs, Yota Mokos, Jaak Billiet and many others. The NWO-club – Gerard de Vries, Klasien Horstman, Rein Vos, Dick Willems, Ruth Benschop, Marianne Boenink and Myra van Zwieten – offered the kind of learning, disturbing discus- sions and new insights I sometimes desperately needed. My stay at the SATSU in York was equally stimulating in many respects. I gratefully acknowledge Andrew Webster for acting as my local supervisor there. Special mention goes to Femke Merkx. I greatly benefited from discus- sions about our insurance people. Also thanks to my co-experimenters in 7 the “Ethnography of Genomics” group at the University of Maastricht. It always feels great to return home and reminisce about our travels in genomics world. I am especially grateful to all those I met in the world of insurance. I owe much to many people there, for guiding me through the insurance landscape and for co-exploring it and sharing their valu- able insights. My sincere thanks to all the underwriters, medical advi- sors, actuaries, managers and board members for their cooperation. Furthermore, I could not have even started this journey without the Scientific Fund of Flanders (FWO), which created the financial condi- tions that helped launch me out into this world. Financial support to publish the book was provided by a number of organisations. Substantial funding was awarded through a grant from the Brocher Foundation (www.brocher.ch). I also received generous support from the Dutch As- sociation of Insurers. This book also received a grant from the Nether- lands Organisation for Scientific Research (NWO). I am deeply indebted to all of these organisations for making publication possible. I am grate- ful to Ton Brouwers who edited the text and improved the original. Most of all, I am grateful to my family, for being the cornerstone of this entire journey. My final and enormous thanks are to them. Ine Van Hoyweghen Maastricht, September 2006 8 preface I Risky Business: The Collision of Genetics and Life Insurance Genetics and Society Genome mapping, genetic testing, DNA banks, reproductive technolo- gies, pharmacogenetics – all of these reflect scientific breakthroughs and new opportunities in medicine that are both fascinating and disturb- ing. Over the past decade, the potential of genetics to help us understand and control health and disease in radically new ways has been widely discussed. Some observers view these spectacular advances as part of a larger process they refer to as “Genetic Revolution”. Others raise ques- tions as to its ethical, legal and social repercussions, suggesting that this genetic turn will lead to the creation of a genetic underclass. The fear of genetic discrimination continues to be exacerbated by on- going developments in genetic research. The Human Genome Project (HGP), a $1.9 billion global program to map and sequence all human genes, has been hailed as spurring a new golden age of medicine, nota- bly with respect to the prevention, diagnosis and treatment of many ma- jor diseases. This molecular genetics, or “new genetics”, allows us to understand which genes contribute to which diseases. Scientists say that currently there are about four thousand, generally rare diseases – like Huntington's disease, cystic fibrosis, and Duchenne muscular dys- trophy – with so-called genetic markers that can identify people who are at risk of contracting them. Prominent genetic researchers, such as Francis Collins, anticipate that it will soon be possible to test for a variety of susceptibility genes and consider appropriate prevention strategies.
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Research Proposal
    Effects of Contract Farming on Productivity and Income of Farmers in Production of Tea in Phu Tho Province, Vietnam Anh Tru Nguyen MSc (University of the Philippines Los Baños) A thesis submitted in fulfilment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy in Management Newcastle Business School Faculty of Business and Law The University of Newcastle Australia February 2019 Statement of Originality I hereby certify that the work embodied in the thesis is my own work, conducted under normal supervision. The thesis contains no material which has been accepted, or is being examined, for the award of any other degree or diploma in any university or other tertiary institution and, to the best of my knowledge and belief, contains no material previously published or written by another person, except where due reference has been made. I give consent to the final version of my thesis being made available worldwide when deposited in the University’s Digital Repository, subject to the provisions of the Copyright Act 1968 and any approved embargo. Anh Tru Nguyen Date: 19/02/2019 i Acknowledgement of Authorship I hereby certify that the work embodied in this thesis contains a published paper work of which I am a joint author. I have included as part of the thesis a written statement, endorsed by my supervisor, attesting to my contribution to the joint publication work. Anh Tru Nguyen Date: 19/02/2019 ii Publications This thesis comprises the following published article and conference papers. I warrant that I have obtained, where necessary, permission from the copyright owners to use any third party copyright material reproduced in the thesis, or to use any of my own published work in which the copyright is held by another party.
    [Show full text]
  • The Johansen Tests for Cointegration
    The Johansen Tests for Cointegration Gerald P. Dwyer April 2015 Time series can be cointegrated in various ways, with details such as trends assuming some importance because asymptotic distributions depend on the presence or lack of such terms. I will focus on the simple case of one unit root in each of the variables with no constant terms or other deterministic terms. These notes are a quick summary of some results without derivations. Cointegration and Eigenvalues The Johansen test can be seen as a multivariate generalization of the augmented Dickey- Fuller test. The generalization is the examination of linear combinations of variables for unit roots. The Johansen test and estimation strategy { maximum likelihood { makes it possible to estimate all cointegrating vectors when there are more than two variables.1 If there are three variables each with unit roots, there are at most two cointegrating vectors. More generally, if there are n variables which all have unit roots, there are at most n − 1 cointegrating vectors. The Johansen test provides estimates of all cointegrating vectors. Just as for the Dickey-Fuller test, the existence of unit roots implies that standard asymptotic distributions do not apply. Slight digression for an assertion: If there are n variables and there are n cointegrating vectors, then the variables do not have unit roots. Why? Because the cointegrating vectors 1Results generally go through for quasi-maximum likelihood estimation. 1 can be written as scalar multiples of each of the variables alone, which implies
    [Show full text]
  • A Cointegrated VAR and Granger Causality Analysis F
    CBN Journal of Applied Statistics Vol. 2 No.2 15 Foreign Private Investment and Economic Growth in Nigeria: A Cointegrated VAR and Granger causality analysis F. Z. Abdullahi1, S. Ladan1 and Haruna R. Bakari2 This research uses a cointegration VAR model to study the contemporaneous long-run dynamics of the impact of Foreign Private Investment (FPI), Interest Rate (INR) and Inflation rate (IFR) on Growth Domestic Products (GDP) in Nigeria for the period January 1970 to December 2009. The Unit Root Test suggests that all the variables are integrated of order 1. The VAR model was appropriately identified using AIC information criteria and the VECM model has exactly one cointegration relation. The study further investigates the causal relationship using the Granger causality analysis of VECM which indicates a uni-directional causality relationship between GDP and FDI at 5% which is in line with other studies. The result of Granger causality analysis also shows that some of the variables are Ganger causal of one another; the null hypothesis of non-Granger causality is rejected at 5% level of significance for these variables. Keywords: Cointegration, VAR, Granger Causality, FPI, Economic Growth JEL Classification: G32, G24 1.0 Introduction The use of Vector Autoregressive Models (VAR) and Vector Error Correction Models (VECM) for analyzing dynamic relationships among financial variables has become common in the literature, Granger (1981), Engle and Granger (1987), MacDonald and Power (1995) and Barnhill, et al. (2000). The popularity of these models has been associated with the realization that relationships among financial variables are so complex that traditional time-series models have failed to fully capture.
    [Show full text]
  • Testing Linear Restrictions on Cointegration Vectors: Sizes and Powers of Wald Tests in Finite Samples
    A Service of Leibniz-Informationszentrum econstor Wirtschaft Leibniz Information Centre Make Your Publications Visible. zbw for Economics Haug, Alfred A. Working Paper Testing linear restrictions on cointegration vectors: Sizes and powers of Wald tests in finite samples Technical Report, No. 1999,04 Provided in Cooperation with: Collaborative Research Center 'Reduction of Complexity in Multivariate Data Structures' (SFB 475), University of Dortmund Suggested Citation: Haug, Alfred A. (1999) : Testing linear restrictions on cointegration vectors: Sizes and powers of Wald tests in finite samples, Technical Report, No. 1999,04, Universität Dortmund, Sonderforschungsbereich 475 - Komplexitätsreduktion in Multivariaten Datenstrukturen, Dortmund This Version is available at: http://hdl.handle.net/10419/77134 Standard-Nutzungsbedingungen: Terms of use: Die Dokumente auf EconStor dürfen zu eigenen wissenschaftlichen Documents in EconStor may be saved and copied for your Zwecken und zum Privatgebrauch gespeichert und kopiert werden. personal and scholarly purposes. Sie dürfen die Dokumente nicht für öffentliche oder kommerzielle You are not to copy documents for public or commercial Zwecke vervielfältigen, öffentlich ausstellen, öffentlich zugänglich purposes, to exhibit the documents publicly, to make them machen, vertreiben oder anderweitig nutzen. publicly available on the internet, or to distribute or otherwise use the documents in public. Sofern die Verfasser die Dokumente unter Open-Content-Lizenzen (insbesondere CC-Lizenzen) zur Verfügung
    [Show full text]
  • What Macroeconomists Should Know About Unit Roots
    This PDF is a selection from an out-of-print volume from the National Bureau of Economic Research Volume Title: NBER Macroeconomics Annual 1991, Volume 6 Volume Author/Editor: Olivier Jean Blanchard and Stanley Fischer, editors Volume Publisher: MIT Press Volume ISBN: 0-262-02335-0 Volume URL: http://www.nber.org/books/blan91-1 Conference Date: March 8-9, 1991 Publication Date: January 1991 Chapter Title: Pitfalls and Opportunities: What Macroeconomists Should Know About Unit Roots Chapter Author: John Y. Campbell, Pierre Perron Chapter URL: http://www.nber.org/chapters/c10983 Chapter pages in book: (p. 141 - 220) JohnY. Campbelland PierrePerron PRINCETONUNIVERSITY AND NBER/PRINCETONUNIVERSITY AND CRDE Pitfalls and Opportunities:What MacroeconomistsShould Know about Unit Roots* 1. Introduction The field of macroeconomics has its share of econometric pitfalls for the unwary applied researcher. During the last decade, macroeconomists have become aware of a new set of econometric difficulties that arise when one or more variables of interest may have unit roots in their time series representations. Standard asymptotic distribution theory often does not apply to regressions involving such variables, and inference can go seriously astray if this is ignored. In this paper we survey unit root econometrics in an attempt to offer the applied macroeconomist some reliable guidelines. Unit roots can create opportunities as well as problems for applied work. In some unit root regressions, coefficient estimates converge to the true parameter values at a faster rate than they do in standard regressions with stationary variables. In large samples, coefficient estimates with this property are robust to many types of misspecification, and they can be treated as known in subsequent empiri- cal exercises.
    [Show full text]
  • High-Dimensional Predictive Regression in the Presence Of
    High-dimensional predictive regression in the presence of cointegration⇤ Bonsoo Koo Heather Anderson Monash University Monash University Myung Hwan Seo† Wenying Yao Seoul National University Deakin University Abstract We propose a Least Absolute Shrinkage and Selection Operator (LASSO) estimator of a predictive regression in which stock returns are conditioned on a large set of lagged co- variates, some of which are highly persistent and potentially cointegrated. We establish the asymptotic properties of the proposed LASSO estimator and validate our theoreti- cal findings using simulation studies. The application of this proposed LASSO approach to forecasting stock returns suggests that a cointegrating relationship among the persis- tent predictors leads to a significant improvement in the prediction of stock returns over various competing forecasting methods with respect to mean squared error. Keywords: Cointegration, High-dimensional predictive regression, LASSO, Return pre- dictability. JEL: C13, C22, G12, G17 ⇤The authors acknowledge financial support from the Australian Research Council Discovery Grant DP150104292. †Corresponding author. His work was supported by Promising-Pioneering ResearcherProgram through Seoul National University(SNU) and from the Ministry of Education of the Republic of Korea and the Na- tional Research Foundation of Korea (NRF-0405-20180026). Author contact details are [email protected], [email protected], [email protected], [email protected] 1 1 Introduction Return predictability has been of perennial interest to financial practitioners and scholars within the economics and finance professions since the early work of Dow (1920). To this end, empirical studies employ linear predictive regression models, as illustrated by Stam- baugh (1999), Binsbergen et al.
    [Show full text]
  • On the Power and Size Properties of Cointegration Tests in the Light of High-Frequency Stylized Facts
    Journal of Risk and Financial Management Article On the Power and Size Properties of Cointegration Tests in the Light of High-Frequency Stylized Facts Christopher Krauss *,† and Klaus Herrmann † University of Erlangen-Nürnberg, Lange Gasse 20, 90403 Nürnberg, Germany; [email protected] * Correspondence: [email protected]; Tel.: +49-0911-5302-278 † The views expressed here are those of the authors and not necessarily those of affiliated institutions. Academic Editor: Teodosio Perez-Amaral Received: 10 October 2016; Accepted: 31 January 2017; Published: 7 February 2017 Abstract: This paper establishes a selection of stylized facts for high-frequency cointegrated processes, based on one-minute-binned transaction data. A methodology is introduced to simulate cointegrated stock pairs, following none, some or all of these stylized facts. AR(1)-GARCH(1,1) and MR(3)-STAR(1)-GARCH(1,1) processes contaminated with reversible and non-reversible jumps are used to model the cointegration relationship. In a Monte Carlo simulation, the power and size properties of ten cointegration tests are assessed. We find that in high-frequency settings typical for stock price data, power is still acceptable, with the exception of strong or very frequent non-reversible jumps. Phillips–Perron and PGFF tests perform best. Keywords: cointegration testing; high-frequency; stylized facts; conditional heteroskedasticity; smooth transition autoregressive models 1. Introduction The concept of cointegration has been empirically applied to a wide range of financial and macroeconomic data. In recent years, interest has surged in identifying cointegration relationships in high-frequency financial market data (see, among others, [1–5]). However, it remains unclear whether standard cointegration tests are truly robust against the specifics of high-frequency settings.
    [Show full text]
  • Okun's Law: Can It Still Be a Best Rule of Thumb? (Atime-Series Analysis)
    OKUN’S LAW: CAN IT STILL BE A BEST RULE OF THUMB? (A TIME-SERIES ANALYSIS) A Thesis Presented to the Faculty of California State Polytechnic University, Pomona In Partial Fulfillment Of the Requirements for the Degree Master of Science In Economics By Abdullah Alkraidees & Anees Ayaz 2014 SIGNATURE PAGE THESIS: OKUN’S LAW: CAN IT STILL BE A BEST RULE OF THUMB? (A TIME SERIES ANALYSIS) AUTHOR: Abdullah Alkraidees & Anees Ayaz DATE SUBMITTED: Spring 2014 Economics Department Dr. Carsten Lange _________________________________________ Thesis Committee Chair Economics Dr. Bruce Brown _________________________________________ Economics Dr. Craig Kerr _________________________________________ Economics ABSTRACT Since 1962, policy makers and economists consider Okun’s law as a pillar of mainstream economics. Keeping this point into consideration, the main goal of our research project is to find out a relationship between the unemployment rate and the GDP growth rate as proposed by Okun (1960). The paper also focuses on the short-run and long-run relationship between these two variables. For this purpose a time series data from 2001 to 2013 is used, and is divided into two time periods, on quarterly basis, 2001:Q1-2007:Q4 and 2008:Q1-2013:Q4. Time-series econometric techniques are applied on each period to find an association between unemployment rate and GDP growth rate including Augmented Dickey-Fuller (ADF) test for stationary analysis, Engle-Granger test of co- integration and Johansen test of co-integration for co-integration analysis, vector auto- regressive model (VAR), and vector auto-regressive model (VECM) for finding inter- dependencies between variables, and finally estimating a difference version of Okun’s law regression equation.
    [Show full text]
  • International Journal of African Development, Vol. 3, Issue 1
    Volume 3, Issue 1, Fall 2015 International Journal of African Development Volume 3, Issue 1, Fall 2015 Western Michigan University College of Arts & Sciences Department of Economics Center for African Development Policy Research Editorial Management Team 2015 Chief Editor, Sisay Asefa, PhD, Distinguished Service Professor of Economics and Director of the Center for African Development Policy Research, Western Michigan University Managing Editor, Lisa Whittaker, MA, Associate Professor of Aviation, Western Michigan University Managing Editor, Fredah Mainah, MBA, MA, PhD Candidate in Organizational Leadership and Instructor, Women and Gender Studies, Western Michigan University Associate Editors Amos Aduroja, PhD, MPH, FASHA, Associate Professor of Health Education Evaluation and Research, Western Michigan University Dolly Daftary, PhD, Assistant Professor of Social Work, Western Michigan University Glinda Rawls, PhD, Associate Professor of Counselor Education and Psychology, Western Michigan University Mariam Konate, PhD, Associate Professor of Gender and Women Studies, Western Michigan University Menelik Geremew, Ph.D., Assistant Professor of Business and Economics, Kalamazoo College Michael Schultz, MA, Part Time Instructor, Economics and Philosophy Departments, Western Michigan University Minerva Cruz, PhD, Assistant Professor in the School of Public Affairs and Administration, Western Michigan University Manuel Soque, PhD Student, Political Science Assistant Editors Bezawit Teshome Agiro, PhD student in Applied Economics, Western Michigan
    [Show full text]
  • Cointegration - General Discussion
    Coint - 1 Cointegration - general discussion Definitions: A time series that requires d differences to get it stationary is said to be "integrated of order d". If the dth difference has p AutoRegressive and q Moving Average terms, the differenced series is said to be ARMA(p,q) and the original Integrated series to be ARIMA(p,d,q). Two series Xtt and Y that are integrated of order d may, through linear combination, produce a series +\>> ,] which is stationary (or integrated of order smaller than d) in which case we say that \]>> and are cointegrated and we refer to Ð+ß ,Ñ as the cointegrating vector. Granger and Weis discuss this concept and terminology. An example: For example, if \]>> and are wages in two similar industries, we may find that both are unit root processes. We may, however, reason that by virtue of the similar skills and easy transfer between the two industries, the difference \]>> - cannot vary too far from 0 and thus, certainly should not be a unit root process. The cointegrating vector is specified by our theory to be Ð"ß "Ñ or Ð "ß "Ñ, or Ð-ß -Ñ all of which are equivalent. The test for cointegration here consists of simply testing the original series for unit roots, not rejecting the unit root null , then testing the \]>> - series and rejecting the unit root null. We just use the standard D-F tables for all these tests. The reason we can use these D-F tables is that the cointegrating vector was specified by our theory, not estimated from the data.
    [Show full text]
  • Exploring the Uncertainty in Start-Ups from Bootstrapping, Effectuation and Scrum Perspective
    School of Innovation, Design and Engineering Exploring the uncertainty in start-ups from bootstrapping, effectuation and scrum perspective Athanasios Vatalis Thesis for the degree of Master Supervisor: Adesuwa Omorede in Innovation and Design Examiner: Yvonne Eriksson Course code: ITE500, 30hp Date: 2019-05-26 ABSTRACT The purpose of this thesis is to understand to what extent the principles of bootstrapping, effectuation and scrum are implemented together in a start-up and how do they relate to the uncertainty. By conducting a qualitative research method, the data were collected through semi-structured interviews and introspection. The findings of this study showed that two aggregated dimensions emerged – Internal Uncertainty and External Uncertainty. The empirical investigation showed that the mentioned principles, while utilized separately, cannot guarantee clear guidance in the entrepreneurship. However, a new approach offered by the thesis, which will contribute to Innovation and Design area, is to combine the bootstrapping, effectuation and scrum principles. Doing so, an entrepreneur’s possibilities to hunt the roller-coaster of uncertainties in a start-up phase and eliminate them dramatically increases. i | P a g e Acknowledgments I would first like to thank all professors and lecturers on the master in Innovation and Design programme at Mälardalen Högskolan. For the practical and theoretical advices, I would like to thank Madeleine Pilstrand – Idélab. Without our collaboration and the valuable information, which she provided, the thesis would not be as enriched as it is now. Although due to the confidential matters, I cannot indicate the names of the start- ups/companies I reached for the interviewing process, I would like to thank each of them for their keen attitude to be involved and provide the invaluable experience.
    [Show full text]
  • The Routledge Companion to Risk, Crisis and Emergency Management
    “Given the recent and continuing spate of major crises, this book should be read by every corporate executive, student of business, and EVERYONE connected with business.” Ian Mitroff, University of California Berkeley, US THE ROUTLEDGE COMPANION TO RISK, CRISIS AND EMERGENCY MANAGEMENT This volume provides a comprehensive, up-to-date overview of the latest management and organizational research related to risk, crisis, and emergency management. It is the first vol- ume to present these separate, but related, disciplines together. Combined with a distinctly social and organizational science approach to the topics (as opposed to engineering or finan- cial economics), the research presented here strengthens the intellectual foundations of the discipline while contributing to the development of the field. The Routledge Companion to Risk, Crisis and Emergency Management promises to be a de- finitive treatise of the discipline today, with contributions from several key academics from around the world. It will prove a valuable reference for students, researchers, and practi- tioners seeking a broad, integrative view of risk and crisis management. Robert P. Gephart, Jr. is Professor at the University of Alberta, School of Business. He has served as Associate Editor for Organizational Research Methods, and in 2015, received the Sage Career Achievement Award from the Research Methods Division of the Academy of Management. C. Chet Miller is C.T. Bauer Professor of Organizational Studies at the University of Houston. His research focuses on the functioning and effects of executive teams, the design of strategic decision processes within firms, and the use of seemingly impossible organiza- tional goals. His work has appeared in outlets such as Harvard Business Review and Academy of Management Journal.
    [Show full text]