Taxonomical Studies on the Lichen Genus Platygramme (Graphidaceae) in China
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The Lichenologist 45(2): 145–151 (2013) 6 British Lichen Society, 2013 doi:10.1017/S0024282912000709 Taxonomical studies on the lichen genus Platygramme (Graphidaceae) in China Ze-Feng JIA and Klaus KALB Abstract: In the present paper, seven species of the lichen genus Platygramme are reported from China. Two of these, Platygramme pudica and P. platyloma, are new to China and two species, Platy- gramme hainanensis and P. lueckingii, both from a tropical rain forest in Hainan Island, are described as new to science. The new species belong to a group within Platygramme, which is characterized by concealed discs, while the type species, P. caesiopruinosa, and some others have widely open discs. Descriptions and the known distribution of each species are given and a working key to the Chinese species is provided. Key words: lichenized fungi, lirellae, Ostropales, taxonomy Accepted for publication 17 September 2012 Introduction pale brown transversely septate or muriform ascospores. The family Graphidaceae, with 1200 species In a study of the genus Platygramme for the (now also including Thelotremataceae), is one Flora Lichenum Sinicorum, Miao et al. (2007) of the largest groups of crustose lichens and reported two species from China, namely P. has a wide distribution in tropical regions. discurrens (Nyl.) Staiger, which was also The family belongs to Ostropales, which is reported as Graphis discurrens from Hong the largest order within Ostropomycetidae Kong (Nylander 1863), and P. pachyspora (Lumbsch & Huhndorf 2007; Kirk et al. (Redinger) Staiger, described as a new 2008; Mangold et al. 2008). Staiger (2002) record for China. Subsequently, Platygramme revised the spore-based generic system es- muelleri was added by Li (2010). In the pres- tablished by Muller Argoviensis (1880a, b, ¨ ent paper, Platygramme pudica and P. platy- 1882) for the family Graphidaceae, and rein- loma are reported from China for the first troduced several genera with a revised con- time, and the two species Platygramme haina- cept, including the genus Platygramme Fe´e. nensis and P. lueckingii are described as new to Platygramme is a tropical and subtropical science. taxon, which is characterized by lirelliform ascomata, an apically or laterally carbonized proper exciple often wedge-like in appear- Materials and Methods ance, an inspersed hymenium and greyish to The lichen specimens were examined with a dissecting microscope (TECH XTS-20 and AIGO Digital Viewer Z-F. Jia: College of Life Sciences, Shandong Agricul- GE-5) and a compound microscope (OLYMPUS CHB- tural University, Taian, 271018, Shandong Province, 213) for morphological and anatomical studies. Hand- China. cut sections mounted in tap water were routinely exam- K. Kalb (corresponding author): Lichenologisches In- ined. Amyloidity of the ascospores was tested using stitut Neumarkt, Im Tal 12, D-92318 Neumarkt, Lugol’s solution. Spot tests with KOH (20%) were Germany and University of Regensburg, Institute for performed on the thallus surface and on thin thallus Botany, Universita¨tsstraße 31, D-93040 Regensburg, sections. The chemistry was determined by thin-layer Germany. Email: [email protected] chromatography (TLC) using standard methods. Downloaded from http:/www.cambridge.org/core. Universitaetsbibliothek Regensburg, on 13 Sep 2016 at 12:07:34, subject to the Cambridge Core terms of use, available at http:/www.cambridge.org/core/terms. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/S0024282912000709 146 THE LICHENOLOGIST Vol. 45 Key to the species of Platygramme from China 1 Ascospores with transverse septa, 5–25(–30) Â 5–8 mm..................... ........................... Platygramme discurrens (Nyl.) Staiger Ascospores submuriform or muriform . 2 2(1) Ascospores 1 per ascus, longer than 100 mm when mature . 3 Ascospores 2–8 per ascus, shorter than 100 mm when mature . 5 3(2) Echinocarpic acid present, ascospores 150–180 Â 18–25 mm; disc concealed, labia covered by thallus . .......... Platygramme pudica (Mont. & Bosch.) M. Nakan. & Kashiw. Lichen compounds absent . 4 4(3) Lirellae conspicuously open, disc visible; ascospores 110–160 Â 18–25 mm....... ......................Platygramme muelleri (A. W. Archer) Staiger Lirellae closed to slightly open, disc concealed, with thick labia; ascospores 120– 180 Â 25–35 mm............................................... ........... Platygramme platyloma (Mu¨ ll. Arg.) M. Nakan. & Kashiw. 5(2) Ascospores submuriform, 45–80 Â 12–18 mm; disc very narrow . ...................... Platygramme pachyspora (Redinger) Staiger Ascospores muriform, shorter than 50 mm; disc concealed, labia covered by thallus. 6 6(5) Ascospores 8 per ascus, 30–50 Â 6Á5–13Á0 mm........................... ......................... Platygramme hainanensis Z.F. Jia & Kalb Ascospores 2(4) per ascus, 35–45 Â 11Á0–15Á5 mm........................ ........................... Platygramme lueckingii Z.F. Jia & Kalb The Species unbranched, filiform, up to 1Á0–1Á5 mm wide. Asci cylindrical, 110–150 Â 15–25 Platygramme hainanensis Z.F. Jia & mm, 8-spored. Ascospores greyish brown, Kalb sp. nov. oblong to ellipsoid, muriform, 8–9 Â 1–3- MycoBank No: MB801119 locular, 30–50 Â 6Á5–13Á0 mm, I+ red-brown. Sicut P. australiensis sed sporis minoribus differt. Hypothecium brownish, 8–15 mm high. Typus: China, Hainan Island, Mt. Wuzhishan, 18920 N, 109680 E, alt. 680 m, 28 August 2008, coll. Chemistry. No lichen compounds detected. Jing Li HN081281 (HMAS-L—holotypus). Etymology. The specific epithet ‘hainanensis’ (Fig. 1A–D) refers to the type locality of the new species, Thallus corticolous, crustose, pale white to Hainan Island. greenish, unevenly thickened, tightly attached Remarks. Platygramme hainanensis is char- to the substratum. acterized by the conspicuous, closed, promi- Apothecia elongate, 1–10 mm long, 0Á2– nent, apically-carbonized lirellae with closed 0Á4 mm wide, simple or rarely slightly disc and thick labia, the muriform ascospores branched, prominent, with basal thalline (30–50 m long), and by the absence of margin, black, curved and straight, often m rounded at the ends, not striate, scattered lichen compounds. It is distinguished from P. australiensis Staiger & Malthes-Leicht by over the thallus, labia covered with thin white smaller ascospores. pruina; disc concealed. Proper exciple apically to laterally carbonized. Epithecium 8–10 mm Additional specimens examined. China: Hainan:Mt. thick, brownish. Hymenium colourless, in- Wuzhishan, 790 m, 2009, Li Jing HN216 (HMAS-L); spersed, 130–180 mm high, I-- . Paraphyses 730 m, 2009, Li Jing HN233 & HN 233-1 (HMAS-L). Downloaded from http:/www.cambridge.org/core. Universitaetsbibliothek Regensburg, on 13 Sep 2016 at 12:07:34, subject to the Cambridge Core terms of use, available at http:/www.cambridge.org/core/terms. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/S0024282912000709 2013 Platygramme in China—Jia & Kalb 147 Fig.1. Platygramme hainanensis ( Jing Li HN081281). A, habit; B, cross-section of an apothecium; C, ascus contain- ing ascospores; D, ascospore. Scales: A ¼ 1 mm; B ¼ 50 mm; C ¼ 50 mm; D ¼ 50 mm. In colour online. Platygramme lueckingii Z.F. Jia & Kalb mm high, I-- . Paraphyses unbranched, filiform, sp. nov. up to 1Á0–1Á5 mm wide. Asci cylindrical, 90– 110 Â 13–25 mm, 2-spored. Ascospores grey- MycoBank No: MB801120 ish, oblong to ellipsoid, muriform, 8–9 Â 1– Sicut P. hainanensis sed ascis 2-sporis differt. 3-locular, 35–45 Â 11Á0–15Á5 mm, I+ weakly Typus: China, Hainan Island, Mt. Jianfengling, 18710 N, 108830 E, alt. 740 m, 1 October, 2008, Li blue. Hypothecium brownish, 8–15 mm high. Jing HN081395 (HMAS-L—holotypus). Chemistry. No lichen compounds detected. (Fig. 2A–C) Etymology. The new species is named in Thallus corticolous, crustose, yellowish honour of our colleague and friend Dr green to greenish, thin, tightly attached to Robert Lu¨cking for his many contributions the substratum. to the knowledge of Graphidaceae. Apothecia elongate, lirelliform, 1–5 mm Remarks. Platygramme lueckingii is charac- long, 0Á3–0Á4 mm wide, simple, often terized by the conspicuous, closed, erumpent branched, erumpent to prominent, with to prominent, apically carbonized lirellae with basal thalline margin, black, curved and closed disc and thick labia, the muriform straight, often rounded at the ends, not ascospores (35–45 mm long), and the ab- striate, scattered over the thallus, labia sence of lichen products. It is distinguished covered with white pruina; disc concealed. from P. hainanensis by the 2-spored asci. At Proper exciple apically wedge-shaped, carbon- present the new species is known only from ized. Epithecium 8–10 mm thick, brownish. Mt. Jianfengling, Hainan Island, which is Hymenium colourless, inspersed, 110–160 situated in the tropical parts of China. Downloaded from http:/www.cambridge.org/core. Universitaetsbibliothek Regensburg, on 13 Sep 2016 at 12:07:34, subject to the Cambridge Core terms of use, available at http:/www.cambridge.org/core/terms. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/S0024282912000709 148 THE LICHENOLOGIST Vol. 45 Fig.2.Platygramme lueckingii (Li Jing HN081395). A, habit; B, cross-section of an apothecium; C, ascospores. Scales: A ¼ 1 mm; B ¼ 50 mm; C ¼ 50 mm. In colour online. Platygramme discurrens (Nyl.) Staiger Specimens examined. China: Hainan: Mt. Wuzhishan, 680–800 m, 2009, Li Jing HN220-1, HN226-1 (HMAS- Biblioth. Lichenol. 85: 361 (2002).—Graphis discurrens L). Yunnan: Menglun County, 560 m, 1981, Jiang Yu- Nyl., Ann. Sci. Nat., Bot. se´r. 4, 19: 358 (1863b).— Mei 1015-3 (HMAS-L); 650 m, 1981, Jiang Yu-Mei Phaeographina discurrens (Nyl.)