ISIS: the Terrorist Group That Would Be a State
Total Page:16
File Type:pdf, Size:1020Kb
Load more
Recommended publications
-
Lessons from the Rise and Demise of the Self-Declared Caliphate of the Islamic State in Syria and Iraq
IN A BROKEN DREAM: LESSONS FROM THE RISE AND DEMISE OF THE SELF-DECLARED CALIPHATE OF THE ISLAMIC STATE IN SYRIA AND IRAQ TAL MIMRAN* I. INTRODUCTION ......................................................................77 II. THE PRINCIPLE OF SOVEREIGNTY AND THE INTERNATIONAL LEGAL ORDER.............................................79 III. THE CASE STUDYTHE ISLAMIC STATE BETWEEN 2014 AND 2017.......................................................................91 IV. THE DREAM OF THE CALIPHATE AND STATEHOOD................99 A. The Criteria for Statehood............................................100 1. Permanent Population............................................101 2. Defined Territory ....................................................102 3. Effective Government .............................................102 4. Capacity to Enter into Relations with Other States ............................................................103 B. What’s Recognition Got To Do with It? ........................103 V. FUNCTIONALISM, DETERRITORIALIZATION, AND THE ISLAMIC STATE IN THE AGE OF THE RISE OF NSAS............112 VI. CONCLUSION........................................................................127 I. INTRODUCTION The Islamic State in Iraq and Syria (Islamic State)1 is a terrorist organization that took over significant territories, in the context of the Syrian civil war,2 and declared itself a caliphate in June 2014.3 It transformed from a minor terrorist group into an alleged quasi-state, presenting capabilities and wealth like no * Doctorate -
Ncos Stepping up to Lead - Page 14 COMMENTARY Thoughts for the New Year – Today by Col
C M Y K Vol. 36, No. 06 Friday, February 6, 2009 NCOs stepping up to lead - page 14 COMMENTARY Thoughts for the New Year – today by Col. William Francis deep breath and said that he had to get back 6th Mission Support Group Commander to his load as he had a ways to go before he could stop for the day. He bent down picked The other day I saw a man pulling a trail- up the trailer and strained off into the dis- er fully loaded down the slow lane of Dale tance. As I watched him slowly fade from Mabry, he was struggling mightily against sight I wondered how long it would take an unbelievable load and so I pulled over him to get where he was going and why he and approached him. As I got close, he was did not just stop, put the trailer down and breathing hard, sweat dripping from his face, leave his burdens right there on the side of his clothes drenched with sweat and I asked the road. And then I realized that I have to him if he needed help, if he was OK. He fight not to do the same thing, I do not actu- said, he was fine, that he did not need any ally pull around a heavily loaded old trailer help and in fact that he did this everyday (and thankfully there is not a man pulling throughout the year. At this point he pulled a trailer everyday down Dale Mabry) but I the trailer off of the road out of traffic, wiped will cling to things that slow me, that burden his brow and explained to me that when me, that discourage me if I am not careful. -
The Use of Helicopters Against Guerrillas the Israeli Model
JEMEAA - FEATURE The Use of Helicopters against Guerrillas The Israeli Model DR. TAL TOVY ince its establishment, the State of Israel has been facing a bloody struggle against terrorism and guerrilla warfare, in addition to four conventional wars.1 The Israeli war against guerrilla fighters or terrorists began almost Simmediately after the War of Independence. Palestinian terrorists attempted to infiltrate Israel from the surrounding Arab countries and perform sabotage ac- tions near the border, which were little more than lines drawn on a map and proved wholly inadequate in stopping the infiltrations. After the 1967 war, most terrorists crossed over from Jordan. Following the “Black September” conflict in 1970 and up until 1982 (Operation Peace for Galilee), most terrorists infiltrated through the Lebanese border. In the 1980s and 1990s, Israel fought against the Shiite Amal Movement and Hezbollah organization in Lebanon. Since October 2000, Israel has struggled against widespread military uprisings in the West Bank and the Gaza Strip. To counter these activities, the Israel Defense Forces (IDF) uses various opera- tional methods. Special Forces have raided known terrorist bases and routine se- curity activities have been conducted along the borders and in the major cities. A third method has been targeting specific terrorist leaders or installations in the Middle East and in Europe. Most operations of the first and third categories are still classified. The IDF has launched a few large attacks targeting terrorist infra- structure—for example Karameh and Litany—with the most extensive one being the Lebanon War (1982), at least initially. In these large-scale operations, Israel has deployed massive infantry, armor, and artillery forces. -
The Context for Iraq's Reconstruction
The ReconstructionThe of Iraq after 2003 eginning in 2003, diverse and significant actors, both domestic and international, engaged MENA DEVELOPMENT REPORT Bin reconstruction activities in Iraq. The total budget committed to Iraq’s reconstruction was unprecedented among postconflict operations mobilized by the international community. Despite the vast sums of money spent, and the implementation of its many projects and programs, the donors and the Iraqi people view the reconstruction efforts in Iraq in a negative light. The Reconstruction of Iraq after 2003: Learning from Its Successes and Failures focuses on the period between 2003 and 2014—that is, after the United States–led invasion and overthrow of the Saddam Public Disclosure Authorized The Reconstruction Hussein regime, and before the sudden rise of the Islamic State of Iraq and the Levant (ISIL), also known as Daesh. This book assesses several dimensions of Iraq’s reconstruction. First, it considers the response of key international actors, such as the United Nations, the World Bank, the United States, of Iraq after 2003 and other bilateral donors—specifically, the European Union, Japan, and the United Kingdom—as well as nongovernmental organizations. Second, it analyzes the process and results of the reconstruction Learning from Its of key sectors (electricity, oil, education, and health), and the interventions geared to institution building and governance reform. Successes and Failures Pursuing effective reconstruction within the context of conflict and fra gility is a formidable challenge because of the uncertain, fluid, and complex environment. Based on the experience in Iraq, how can the international community support the effectiveness and durability of reconstruction? This book identifies lessons in seven areas and offers four recommendations for international and domestic actors and citizens engaged in recon struction activities. -
The Causes and Consequences of Terrorism in the 21St Century: the Iraqi Case
Research Publisher: Manuscript central Available Online at www.ijcrr.info International Journal of Contemporary Research and Review ISSN 0976 – 4852 https://doi.org/10.15520/ijcrr.v10i01.678 February, 2019|Volume 10|Issue 02| Section: Social Sciences The Causes and Consequences of Terrorism in the 21st Century: The Iraqi Case Amer Adil HADI Istanbul Aydin UniversitySocial science: MA Email id: [email protected] Corresponding Author: Amer Adil HADI Received: 2019-01-23; Accepted 2019-02-24, Publish Online 2019-02-25 Abstract: This thesis outlines main causes and consequences of terrorism in the world and specifically in Iraq. The hypothesis of the thesis is that terrorism is the phenomenon that created a lot of impacts in Iraq. Global terrorism in the 21st century has become one of the biggest domestic and international challenges for Iraq. It summarizes transformation of terrorism and the impacts that mark how it is evolved. Terrorism can backfire to a certain level in the political aims of terrorist factions and also reduce the willingness to make territorial and political concessions by targeted population. The evidence of terrorism effectiveness is somehow sparse. The nature of terrorism is being manifested clearly in our everyday life based on the number of victims it claims. The term “terrorism” stated since during the French Revolution in 1789, by the new region to consolidate its powers and intimidate all opponents. Most of the members of the regime were equally strong patriots of the old monarchy. The term was totally of a different connotation and was associated with the purpose of maintaining justice and democracy against the old order which was perceived to be tyrannical and corrupt. -
The Rhetoric of Perpetual Warfare: a Political Discourse Analysis of the Obama Administration’S Legitimation of U.S
University of Tennessee, Knoxville TRACE: Tennessee Research and Creative Exchange Masters Theses Graduate School 8-2016 The Rhetoric of Perpetual Warfare: A Political Discourse Analysis of the Obama Administration’s Legitimation of U.S. Drone Strikes Douglas Ray Oeser University of Tennessee, Knoxville, [email protected] Follow this and additional works at: https://trace.tennessee.edu/utk_gradthes Part of the Sociology Commons Recommended Citation Oeser, Douglas Ray, "The Rhetoric of Perpetual Warfare: A Political Discourse Analysis of the Obama Administration’s Legitimation of U.S. Drone Strikes. " Master's Thesis, University of Tennessee, 2016. https://trace.tennessee.edu/utk_gradthes/4013 This Thesis is brought to you for free and open access by the Graduate School at TRACE: Tennessee Research and Creative Exchange. It has been accepted for inclusion in Masters Theses by an authorized administrator of TRACE: Tennessee Research and Creative Exchange. For more information, please contact [email protected]. To the Graduate Council: I am submitting herewith a thesis written by Douglas Ray Oeser entitled "The Rhetoric of Perpetual Warfare: A Political Discourse Analysis of the Obama Administration’s Legitimation of U.S. Drone Strikes." I have examined the final electronic copy of this thesis for form and content and recommend that it be accepted in partial fulfillment of the equirr ements for the degree of Master of Arts, with a major in Sociology. Lois Presser, Major Professor We have read this thesis and recommend its acceptance: Stephanie Bohon, Michelle Brown Accepted for the Council: Carolyn R. Hodges Vice Provost and Dean of the Graduate School (Original signatures are on file with official studentecor r ds.) The Rhetoric of Perpetual Warfare: A Political Discourse Analysis of the Obama Administration’s Legitimation of U.S. -
Recipe for Perpetual War by Robert Wing and Coleen Rowley
Originally published as “Recipe Concocted for Perpetual War is a Bitter One.” Consortium News. consortiumnews.com Recipe for Perpetual War by Robert Wing and Coleen Rowley Last October marked the 16th anniversary of our unending war – or military occupation – in Afghanistan, the longest conflict on foreign soil in U.S. history. The cost to human lives in our current cycle of U.S.-initiated “perpetual wars” throughout the Middle East and Africa is unthinkably high. It runs well into millions of deaths if one counts – as do the Nuremberg principles of international law – victims of spin-off fighting and sectarian violence that erupt after we destroy governance structures. Also to be counted are other forms of human loss, suffering, illness, and early mortality that result from national sanctions, destruction of physical, social, and medical infrastructure, loss of homeland, refugee flight, ethnic cleansing, and their psychological after-effects. One has to witness these to grasp their extent in trauma, and they all arise from the Nuremberg-defined “supreme crime” of initiating war. Waging aggressive war is something America is practiced in and does well, with justifications like “fighting terrorism,” “securing our interests,” “protecting innocents,” “spreading democracy,” etc. – as has every aggressor in history that felt the need to explain its aggressions. Yet few gathered across the country in October, much less gave a thought of lament to the harm we are doing. It’s a topic we’d like to forget. Recalling that domestic opposition to the Vietnam War grew exponentially over the similar (but far shorter) timespan of that aggression, one might wonder what has changed. -
Redalyc.Covert Action and Its Necessity in 21St Century Counter
UNISCI Discussion Papers ISSN: 1696-2206 [email protected] Universidad Complutense de Madrid España Díaz, Gustavo; Morave, Karov Covert Action and its Necessity in 21st Century Counter-Terrorism UNISCI Discussion Papers, núm. 11, mayo, 2006, pp. 99-114 Universidad Complutense de Madrid Madrid, España Available in: http://www.redalyc.org/articulo.oa?id=76701111 How to cite Complete issue Scientific Information System More information about this article Network of Scientific Journals from Latin America, the Caribbean, Spain and Portugal Journal's homepage in redalyc.org Non-profit academic project, developed under the open access initiative UNISCI DISCUSSION PAPERS Nº 11 (Mayo / May 2006) COVERT ACTION AND ITS NECESSITY IN 21 ST CENTURY COUNTER-TERRORISM AUTHOR:1 GUSTAVO DÍAZ UNISCI KAROV MORAVE 1. The Shortcomings of Passive Intelligence It can be said without doubt that today counter-terrorism has risen to become the greatest of priorities in terms of national security. Evidence of this is former Director of Central Intelligence (DCI) Porter J. Goss’s recent testimony to the US Senate Armed Services Committee that the global war on terrorism has become today’s dominant intelligence priority, with fundamental changes being made to the United States Intelligence Community to provide counter-terrorism and war-fighter support. These include the redirection of people and collection systems, as well as rapidly expanding programs, budgets, and capabilities. 2 An important element of this counter-terrorism war will inevitably be covert action (CA). Counter-terrorism though is neither a chess game against a single enemy, nor an attempt at completing a jigsaw puzzle, unless one accepts that the picture is fragmentary and dispersed, with many pieces that fit nowhere. -
'Islamic State' (ISIS)
Issue 23, April 2018 Middle East: The Origins of the ‘Islamic State’ (ISIS) Mediel HOVE Abstract. This article examines the origins of the ‘Islamic State’ or the Islamic State of Iraq and Sham or Levant (ISIS) in light of the contemporary political and security challenges posed by its diffusion of Islamic radicalism. The Arab Spring in 2011 ignited instability in Syria providing an operational base for the terrorist group to pursue its once abandoned Islamic state idea. Its growth and expansion has hitherto proved to be a threat not only to the Middle East but to international security given its thrust on world domination. It concludes that the United States of America’s activities in the Middle East were largely responsible for the rise of the Islamic State. Keywords: Islamic state, Islamic radicalism, international security, Middle East. Introduction The goal of this article was to examine the origins of the “Islamic State” (IS) or the Islamic State of Iraq and Sham (Syria) (ISIS), the Islamic State of Iraq and the Levant (ISIL) in light of the contemporary political Mediel HOVE and security challenges posed by its diffu- Research Associate, sion of Islamic radicalism in a drive to estab- International Centre for Nonviolence, lish the Islamic State in Syria and Iraq. This Durban University of Technology, is important given the fact that the roots of Durban, South Africa, and ISIS are under-examined in academic litera- Senior Lecturer, ture although they are tangentially covered History Department, University of Zimbabwe in the media. This study augments those E-mail: [email protected] studies that have attempted to examine the roots of ISIS such as Gulmohamad (2014). -
Measuring Army Deployments to Iraq and Afghanistan
CHILDREN AND FAMILIES The RAND Corporation is a nonprofit institution that helps improve policy and EDUCATION AND THE ARTS decisionmaking through research and analysis. ENERGY AND ENVIRONMENT HEALTH AND HEALTH CARE This electronic document was made available from www.rand.org as a public service INFRASTRUCTURE AND of the RAND Corporation. TRANSPORTATION INTERNATIONAL AFFAIRS LAW AND BUSINESS Skip all front matter: Jump to Page 16 NATIONAL SECURITY POPULATION AND AGING PUBLIC SAFETY Support RAND SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY Purchase this document TERRORISM AND Browse Reports & Bookstore HOMELAND SECURITY Make a charitable contribution For More Information Visit RAND at www.rand.org Explore the RAND Corporation View document details Limited Electronic Distribution Rights This document and trademark(s) contained herein are protected by law as indicated in a notice appearing later in this work. This electronic representation of RAND intellectual property is provided for non- commercial use only. Unauthorized posting of RAND electronic documents to a non-RAND website is prohibited. RAND electronic documents are protected under copyright law. Permission is required from RAND to reproduce, or reuse in another form, any of our research documents for commercial use. For information on reprint and linking permissions, please see RAND Permissions. This report is part of the RAND Corporation research report series. RAND reports present research findings and objective analysis that address the challenges facing the public and private sectors. All RAND reports undergo rigorous peer review to ensure high standards for research quality and objectivity. C O R P O R A T I O N Measuring Army Deployments to Iraq and Afghanistan Dave Baiocchi SUMMarY ■ How many soldiers have served in Key findings Iraq and Afghanistan? What has the troop mix looked • The Army has provided the bulk of U.S. -
The Experience of Second- Generation Iraqi Kurd
‘HOME’ AND ‘RETURN’ – THE EXPERIENCE OF SECOND- GENERATION IRAQI KURD RETERNEES TO KURDISTAN REGIONAL GOVERNMENT (KRG) Juan Ameen University of East London September 2018 1 Abstract! This research focuses on the experiences of migrants who have ‘returned’ to the Kurdish regions of Iraq from neighbouring countries and Europe. It addresses key issues in the field of Refugee Studies, including concepts of return, understandings of home and negotiations of identity and belonging among second generation Iraqi Kurdish returnees. Scholars and researchers have often used these terms loosely and sometimes interchangeably: critical analysis informed by this research suggests that they are related but are also distinct and specific. The second-generation Iraqi Kurds taking part in the study belong to the generation of migrants who were born in diaspora countries or moved to diaspora in their early childhood from the region of Iraqi Kurdistan. These second-generation migrants have a different understanding of ‘home’ to their parents. Their upbringing in diaspora countries and transnational links to ‘homeland’ create a tension between their constructions of ‘home’ and ‘belonging’. The empirical data for this study is based upon an in-depth qualitative study of the experiences of 20 Iraqi Kurd returnees in Kurdistan, most of whom were neither born nor grew up in the KRG region, and had little or no previous experience of their ‘homeland’. Interview themes involved home, transnational ties and attachments, identity and belonging. I propose that second-generation migrants are motivated to ‘return’ because of a strong sense of belonging and a need for identity in relation to a familial and/or ancestral ‘home’. -
Revolutionary War, Guerilla Warfare, and International Law Charles R
Case Western Reserve Journal of International Law Volume 4 | Issue 2 1972 Revolutionary War, Guerilla Warfare, and International Law Charles R. King Follow this and additional works at: https://scholarlycommons.law.case.edu/jil Part of the International Law Commons Recommended Citation Charles R. King, Revolutionary War, Guerilla Warfare, and International Law, 4 Case W. Res. J. Int'l L. 91 (1972) Available at: https://scholarlycommons.law.case.edu/jil/vol4/iss2/2 This Article is brought to you for free and open access by the Student Journals at Case Western Reserve University School of Law Scholarly Commons. It has been accepted for inclusion in Case Western Reserve Journal of International Law by an authorized administrator of Case Western Reserve University School of Law Scholarly Commons. 1972] Revolutionary War, Guerrilla Warfare, and International Law Charles R. King* I. INTRODUCTION ( HERE IS ALMOST universal agreement among international jurists that international law is woefully inadequate in deal- ing with modern conditions of warfare.' As one distinguished writer has pointed out: For the laws of war to com- mand respect and obedience they THE AUTHOR: CHARLES R. KING must be adequate for their func- (A.B., The University of Michigan; tion. It is essential that these NDEA IV Fellow, Vanderbilt Univer- rules should be applicable to the sity; J.D., The University of Michigan circumstances of modern warfare Law School) is a member of the Wash- and clearly and closely defined in 2 ington and Federal bars and is associated their application. with a Seattle law firm. This article will focus on some of the present inadequa- cies of the rules of warfare as they relate to guerrilla warfare and revolutionary war.