INTEGRATED STATE WATER PLAN FOR WEST FLOWING RIVER BASIN IN MAHARASHTRA VOLUME II: INTEGRATED PLAN
GOVERNMENT OF MAHARASHTRA WATER RESOURCES DEPARTMENT
INTEGRATED STATE WATER PLAN FOR
WEST FLOWING RIVER BASIN IN
MAHARASHTRA
VOLUME – II : INTEGRATED PLAN
KOKAN IRRIGATION DEVELOPMENT CORPORATION, THANE
MARCH 2018
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GOVERNMENT OF MAHARASHTRA WATER RESOURCES DEPARTMENT
INTEGRATED STATE WATER PLAN FOR WEST FLOWING RIVER BASIN IN MAHARASHTRA VOLUME II: INTEGRATED PLAN
INTEGRATED STATE WATER PLAN FOR WEST FLOWING
RIVER BASIN IN MAHARASHTRA
VOLUME - II
INTEGRATED PLAN
(Upto year 2030)
CHAPTERS 12-25
KOKAN IRRIGATION DEVELOPMENT CORPORATION, THANE
GOVERNMENT OF MAHARASHTRA WATER RESOURCES DEPARTMENT
MARCH 2018
2
GOVERNMENT OF MAHARASHTRA WATER RESOURCES DEPARTMENT
INTEGRATED STATE WATER PLAN FOR WEST FLOWING RIVER BASIN IN MAHARASHTRA VOLUME II: INTEGRATED PLAN
Contents
Contents...................................................................................................................................................3 Glossary.................................................................................................................................................12 12 Water for Energy...............................................................................................................................
12.1 Conventional energy projects............................................................................................25
12.1.1 Hydro power generation...........................................................................................25 12.1.2 Thermal power generation.......................................................................................27 12.1.3 Nuclear power generation........................................................................................27 12.1.4 Gas based power generation...................................................................................28
12.2 Renewable sources of power generation .........................................................................28
12.2.1 Small hydro projects.................................................................................................29
13 Traditional Water Devices................................................................................................................
13.1 Preamble ..............................................................................................................................33 13.2 An Overview of the Traditional Devices............................................................................36
13.2.1 Emergence of Different Initiatives............................................................................36 13.2.2 Variety of the Structures...........................................................................................37 13.2.3 Participatory Approach.............................................................................................37
13.3 Present Status of the Devices in the Sub Basins ............................................................38 13.4 Some significant structures in WFR basin .......................................................................38 13.5 Maji Malgujari Tanks/Kharland Schemes..........................................................................38
13.5.1 Introduction……………………………………………………………………………………………………….38
13.5.2 Historical Background ..............................................................................................39 13.5.3 Major Features of Kharland Schemes .....................................................................40 13.5.4 Present Scenario......................................................................................................40 13.5.5 Recommendation of different commissions /committees: .......................................44
13.6 Suggestions and recommendations .................................................................................44 13.7 Executive Summary ............................................................................................................44
14 Development and Management of Galper Land ............................................................................
14.1 Introduction..........................................................................................................................45 14.2 Present Status of Galper land............................................................................................45
14.2.1 Ownership of these lands.........................................................................................45 14.2.2 Types of Galper Lands:............................................................................................45 14.2.3 Rules for allotting these lands:.................................................................................46 14.2.4 Availability and Utilisation of Galper Land:...............................................................48 14.2.5 Crops grown on Galper land:...................................................................................48 14.2.6 Revenue Collection:.................................................................................................48 14.2.7 Agricultural Production and employment generation...............................................48 14.2.8 Difficulties faced in utilising Galper land for cultivation:...........................................48
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GOVERNMENT OF MAHARASHTRA WATER RESOURCES DEPARTMENT
INTEGRATED STATE WATER PLAN FOR WEST FLOWING RIVER BASIN IN MAHARASHTRA VOLUME II: INTEGRATED PLAN
14.3 Recommendations of study groups / commission / committees: .................................49 14.4 Recommendations/Suggestions for better utilization of Galper land. ..........................49 14.5 ‘Development Plan’ of Galper Land...................................................................................50
14.5.1 The objective............................................................................................................50 14.5.2 Guidelines for Preparation of ‘Development Plan’...................................................50
14.6 Allotting Galper land ...........................................................................................................52 14.7 Management of Galper land ...............................................................................................53 14.8 Disposal of lands in beds of rivers / nallas ......................................................................55 14.9 Physical and Financial planning........................................................................................55 14.10Action Points .......................................................................................................................55
15 Diversion of Irrigated Land for Non- Agricultural Activity............................................................
15.1 Introduction..........................................................................................................................56 15.2 Present Status .....................................................................................................................56 15.3 Recommendations / Suggestions......................................................................................57
16 Water Quality.....................................................................................................................................
16.1 Preamble: Water Quality.....................................................................................................58 16.2 Water Pollution ....................................................................................................................59
16.2.1 Domestic Water Pollution.........................................................................................59 16.2.2 Industrial Water Pollution .........................................................................................60 16.2.3 Control on pollution due to release of untreated effluent –......................................60 16.2.4 Water Pollution due to Irrigated Agriculture.............................................................61
16.3 Water Quality Monitoring Agencies...................................................................................62
16.3.1 NationalWaterQualityMonitoringProgram ...............................................................62 16.3.2 Monitoring network in Maharashtra – GEMS and MINARS.....................................63
16.4 Water Quality Index.............................................................................................................65
16.4.1 WQI for surface water ..............................................................................................66 16.4.2 WQI for Groundwater...............................................................................................67 16.4.3 Water Quality for Drinking........................................................................................70 16.4.4 Water Quality for Irrigation .......................................................................................71
16.5 Water Quality Analysis for Surface Water ........................................................................74 16.6 Water Quality Analysis for Groundwater..........................................................................79 16.7 Polluted River Stretches.....................................................................................................82 16.8 Summary and Recommendations .....................................................................................85
16.8.1 Commission/Committees and their Recommendations...........................................85 16.8.2 Overview of the Difficulties, Gaps, Suggestions and Recommendations................86 16.8.3 Action Points and Recommendations–....................................................................87
17 Recycle and Reuse of Water............................................................................................................
17.1 Prologue...............................................................................................................................89
17.1.1 Quantity of effluent generated after urban and industrial use of water -..................90 17.1.2 Regenerated water after use in irrigated agriculture................................................91
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GOVERNMENT OF MAHARASHTRA WATER RESOURCES DEPARTMENT
INTEGRATED STATE WATER PLAN FOR WEST FLOWING RIVER BASIN IN MAHARASHTRA VOLUME II: INTEGRATED PLAN
17.1.3 Effluent generated from Industrial use.....................................................................91 17.1.4 Effluent generated from Domestic use.....................................................................91 17.1.5 Treatment of effluent prior to its release in rivers ....................................................92
17.2 Status in West Flowing River Basin ..................................................................................93
17.2.1 Industrial Water use .................................................................................................93 17.2.2 Domestic use of Water.............................................................................................94 17.2.3 Waste Water management ......................................................................................96 17.2.4 Irrigation from reuse of effluent................................................................................97
17.3 Way forward.........................................................................................................................98
18 Prevention of Losses........................................................................................................................
18.1 Preamble ..............................................................................................................................99
18.1.1 Losses can be classified in the following manner....................................................99 18.1.2 Factors affecting the Losses....................................................................................99
18.2 Measurements Losses........................................................................................................99 18.3 Conveyance and Distribution Systems...........................................................................100 18.4 Seepage, Leakage and Siltation.......................................................................................100 18.5 Reduction and Control of Losses....................................................................................101
19 Evaporation Control .........................................................................................................................
19.1 Preamble ............................................................................................................................103 19.2 Evaporation........................................................................................................................103 19.3 Evaporation Losses ..........................................................................................................103
19.3.1 Instrumentation in the Godavari Basin...................................................................103 19.3.2 Indirect Measurement of Evaporation....................................................................104 19.3.3 Reservoirs..............................................................................................................105 19.3.4 Conveyance System …………………………………………………………….106 19.3.5 Field Application...........................................................................................................
19.4 Remedial Measures for Evaporation Control .................................................................106 19.5 Recommendation of Study Group / Commissions / Committees ................................108
20 Land Acquisition for Irrigation Infrastructure Dams (Displacement of Project Affected
Persons), Rehabilitation and Resettlement (R & R) ......................................................................
20.1 Introduction and Background..........................................................................................111 20.2 Historical antecedents ......................................................................................................111 20.3 Guiding criteria’s for conducting Land acquisition of R&R: ........................................112 20.4 Past Experiences...............................................................................................................112 20.5 Administration, Law and Policy in Maharashtra ............................................................112 20.6 Government of Maharashtra's Approach to R & R ........................................................113
20.6.1 The R & R Act, 1976 ..............................................................................................113 20.6.2 Maharashtra Project affected Persons Rehabilitation Act 1986. ...........................114
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GOVERNMENT OF MAHARASHTRA WATER RESOURCES DEPARTMENT
INTEGRATED STATE WATER PLAN FOR WEST FLOWING RIVER BASIN IN MAHARASHTRA VOLUME II: INTEGRATED PLAN
20.6.3 Right to Fair Compensation and Transparency in Land Acquisition, Rehabilitation and
Resettlement, 2013:...............................................................................................115
20.6.4 IBRD policy on involuntary resettlement................................................................116 20.6.5 Environmental Impact Assessment (EIA) notification and resettlement plan
(Environment Protection Act, 1986):......................................................................117
20.7 Conclusions:......................................................................................................................120 20.8 An overview of the difficulties, gaps, suggestions and recommendations................120
21 Drought Mitigation............................................................................................................................
21.1 Introduction........................................................................................................................123 21.2 Definitions..........................................................................................................................123 21.3 Climate change /global warming: ....................................................................................124 21.4 Agroclimate Zones ............................................................................................................125
21.5 Rainfall………………………………………………………………………………………...125
21.6 Various Commissions/Committees and their recommendations in respect of draught management/mitigation:....................................................................................126
22 Disaster Management: Risk Assessment and Aversion...............................................................
22.1 Introduction........................................................................................................................130 22.2 Legal Framework for Risk Assessment and Disaster Management ............................130
22.2.1 The Disaster Management Act, 2005 ....................................................................130 22.2.2 National Disaster Management Guidelines, Preparation of State Disaster
Management Plans, 2007......................................................................................130
22.2.3 The Report of the High Powered Committee on Disaster Management, Department of
Agriculture and Cooperation, Ministry of Agriculture, Government. of India..........131
