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The Geology of the Oamaru District, North Otago," and Written by Professor James Park, of Otago University, Dunedin

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The Geology of the Oamaru District, North Otago, IJ bd Ml' '^^. ''i^o. ^ > h- '^3:ai\ 4^ # NEW ZEALAND. Pepavfm«?nt M fc\ of "3Rine&. GEOIjOaiCAL SIJUVBY BRA:N^CH[. (P. G. MORGAN, Director). BULLETIN No. 20 (New Series). ho THE GEOLOGY OF THE OAMARU DISTRICT NORTH OTAGO (EASTERN OTAGO DIVISION). BY JAMES PARK, F.G.S., Dean of the Mining Faculty, Otago University, Dunedin. ISSUED UNDER THE AUTHORITY OF THE HON. W. D. S. MaoDONALD, MINISTER OF MINES. WELLINGTON. BY AUTHORITY : MARCUS P. MARKS, GOVERNMENT PRINTER. 1918. Dlvisiorv , Otogo LccrvADist. , Oarruxru, District, Eastei-rvOta^o vet . accoTTLpany BxMetxrv mZO P.G.MORGAN. DIRECTOR. GEOLOGICAL MAP — :Bvlleti-rb2l°E0. Table Top Hill JSTcJ Oamaru Creek ' . ^ Landon Creek C 8 '8753 p P G MORGAN Section alon g Line EF, Papakaio and Oamaru Survey Districts. - DIRECTOR — ical — Reference to Geolo i^ Colours. A wamoa Sync/ine RECENT AND Branch of Waiareka Creek YOUNGER PLEISTOCENE River gravels, forming river flats and low terraces 800' Oamaru Creek Grant Stream OLDER PLEISTOCENE High level gravels The Sea AWAM AN Blue marine clays and sandy shell beds Section alon g Line CD. Awamoko and Oamaru Survey Districts. HUrCHINSONIAN Greensands and gleuconitic sandstones Deborah (= Hutchinson's Quarry) Limestone Awamoa Syncline OTOTARAN Deborah (^Mineral) Tuffs Waiareka Anticline Ui Z Oamaru Stone _ Kaiarero Creek Kakanui River Cape Wan brow O Waiareka Creek Main South M o WAIAREKAN Waiareka tuffs and minor lava flows. (pillow lavas).-- Awamoa Creek Main Trunk RIy. NG SEIdersl/e blue clays, micaceous sandstones, quartzose^ A PARAN with lignite seam.- The Sea igrits and conglomerates S 11 Section alon g Line AB, Oamaru Survey District. — Basaltic s/l/s and dykes below Oamaru Stone SCALES HORIZONTAL — VERTICAL CHAINS 80 ao 160 24-0 CHAINS FEET 1000 500 1000 2000 3000 FEET I— I- i -1— I — I I I I -1— I I I I I I IZ KILOMETRE I '/i 5 KILOMETRES METRES 100 50 1000 METRES I I I I I I ITTTi-- —I Hlllllllll Drawn.i)fG.KEam!,, 1316. - . To accompany BjJ/s/.in m2I, Gishorrt^ and WhxitaUan' Subdivisions. Rcuikumara, Dixision. Flawkes Baj Land Di sir icf Reference Reads shown dute ==*==S5: GEOLOGICAL MAP OF Tracke „ „_ „.^''".='' Trigonom.etH.cal Stations ,, j> - C ©IBfi' Edges ofBush „ „_ 7<H>/^v^ Swamp „ „_ ""ji.^.-*- mm P.G.MORGAN. Water RcLces „ „ _ ~J^-~~^, -Scale of Chains Waterfalls and Dams „ „_ .-^J^"^ Springs „ _ _„ - -^ Compiled fraTD. data obtained from. theLands and Survcf Dcpartmenl BoreJvoles « „_ ® and from additional surveys hy JRAdams. J.Henderson ^M.Ong'U/ of the GwLogical Survey Bran^ of the Mines Department. distribution of the NOTE.—In order to exhibit the probable Geology ty J.KAdams, JHenderson- and M.Ongley. older rocks, portions o£ Mr. J. H. Adams's areas of superficial rocks have been coloured to indicate the underlying rocks, ' Reference to Geolo ical Colours and S ign but bis boundaries are still shown by dotted lines. g Outcrops with observed strike and dip RECEKT AND JFIuvlaMIe and estuarlne gravele, eands and silts. I LATE pleistocene! BeBth deposits and raised Iwaches. Aorial tuff. L UPPER MIOCENE Outcrops with no observed strike and dip.- argiilaccou: Series. [Mudstono. IWaipaoi Outcrops with vertical bedding 1 Shalj mudstone and sandilone. Fluvialilo, delUiia, and marine Untonformily. ---1 Outcrops with horizonlal bedding. -. 1 I Unoonforniily(P). Uncontormily. LOWER MIOCENE i [ Mudstone, argillaceous sandstone, ( Mangalu Strles. CRETACEOUS Conglomerate bands -j (Ormond Ssrlei. U neon form it jr. sandstone, greensandslono, and clay- Enlinet Gas Vents LOWER PLIOCENE i Limestone, tuTaceous and calcareous sandstone, and I Conipil£dajjddraymbyRJ(>awford.t909-Addj.ti4>ns^fyS£Exrrh.73/Z To ctccompany BuUMin, N921.GUhoT-ne and, WhtUatiUu SuhdTvi.'iions. Rfuikuntara Division, Ha^ykrn Bay Land Distruf Hawk^:-< Land RfMihtmarn Division . Boa- D,str,ct To ,ucompa„y BuUelmN921. GMorne and matatuiu Suhdxyuions. To txi:roinpmiy Bit^^Mirt Ni'21, Gishorne and mmUitulu- SubdivUions. B.iutkum/jTu DivUum . Ho^^hcs Bay Land Di-^fru- To accoT/tp Triqorwmetricai, Staiii Ed^es ofBush Water Races Railwa^i iVaterfh.Hj and Dams Conmiled from data obtaxnrd from the Lands and Surf^Depoi-iment, Shafta and Drives and from additional surveys by JMsndnrson. and MOn^ley of the Geological Survey BrancK of the Mirt£s Departmem. Geology hy J'.Henderson and MOrtgley, Boreholes I 6336 - Reference to Geolog ical Colours and Si gns ' Outoropi wilh obtarved strike and dip ^^ RECENT AND 1 Ftuvlatllo and estuar ns efaveli, iands a nd Outcropa witl) no obsorvGd strlko and dip. + S1II..I 1 1 To ArBi Series. LATE PLEISTOCENE} Bc&ch depostts and rolsert beachss. Ae rl»1 ii.n) 1 1 LOWER MIOCENE { Outcrops with vertical bedding f Ormond Series. [ Mudslone, areillaeooussandsl Walpaoi Series. "=' LOWEft PLIOCENE Outcrops with iioriionlal bedding „..,...,. FliKialllc, „.....,™, deltaic, nn tl marine gravels, Ba "11 1 veins Noae, sills. Quarti '••l.L 1 Unconformity. Unconformity. Extinct Qaa Vents - EOCENE IP) 1 .._ ...^.C 1 ^^^ ConY'daiajtdd/-aymbyaEHamj,I3ia. Faults 8 , To itrcnitipt 7iv BiiHfiin m>21.Gishm-r„- and WhatxiUUu Subdirinous. R,u,kuriuua Division. Ha,vkfx Buj Lniul District i-^ l\' ^i ' ^- ; i^"^ i^xc/ / Otoriga, @ Ji .<?-i^ i^ ,1 1}%^ / / --Japaponul \^j/* , lis ©564^-^ ^- V'Wl.^ TlJi^Vl i^!^ ^: y' "" f i \ ; ® Kopantuati \ \ T -^-^J^ (fl""" b >" 'f ( ^iA > 4/ .^ ^ "^?^ ' . 1 , ^-«..JMMiS?Mii4 j^ \ ^?3 X/ t^^^Mr Stn \ .^ '^^ y ^j^lt ><:, •1 > %%^ kJM^:^ N 1 >^': I-^ r/ B ^ ,*; ^ if 'M I GEOLOGICAL MAP OF k wmwm wmmti P.G.MORGAN Corrxpxled from. da.t<x obtained frvm OnLanda and Sun-ey Department and m/m additional surveys by J:Bendereon, and M.Ongley of the Gwlogical Survay Branch of the Mines Department Geology "by jJfeTiderson and M'.Ongltr^. 1: 6^360 - Reference to Geolog ical Colours and Si ijins Oulorofw Willi obsened slrike nnd dip UPPER MIOCENE ' Oulerops with no obwiired sirilie and dip .. Oulorops witii vertical bedding, fOfmond Series. Outcropi witii horliontal bedding. Limeslone. tufaccous mudatone. Quariz veins. .._ - None LOWER MIOCENE - Unconformily, Eirincl Oas Vents Faiills ^:-<^ CompjMi and drawnhy G E-Harria. ISJ , To accompany BnJlpJ.ijhN921.Gisbome and, Wh.at^.tutw SvhdivisioTts. Ruiiki'mara Dixision,. Hayvkc.^ Boa' Land Districf GEOLOGICAL MAP OF Roads shown Oius >c TVacita „ , jyi^crwmetrical Staiions-- „ „ _ C *^ Ed^esofBuBh „ „_^'^Vv/>rw \mmih Swajnp mm „__„_ *hdliL-* P G.MORGAN. - *3^-~ - Scale of Ciiains WcU^rRoLce^ „ „ _ ,. Waterfalla and Dottu ^i-^-r^ „ „ _ CampUed ft-um. data, obtained from thx Lands and Survey Department H h : 5/.rr.7tsr,s __..,_ _„_ ^ H and from additional surveys byJKAdams.dHeTidersont^M.OngUy Sorclialea „. _ „_ « of the GtologixaX Survey Brarich of the Mirxes DepartmerU. Geoloffy hy JEAda.-ms. J.Henderson, (xruiM-Onglfry — — Reference to Geological Colours e ndSi^ns Outcrops wltli observed strike and ip A- Oulorops with no observed strike a 1 dip-. V* RECENT AND iFluvliililB and eituirina graveli, sllls.l tandt and 1 1 (Ormond Series. LATE PLEISTOCENE Beecll deooslta and rdl^nd Anrl«l li.ff I 1 1 \ hmrh^ 1 LOWER PLIOCENE r r f J / Outcrops with vorlicnl bedding and calOBPWUs aandstono, and) 1 1 Llmoslono, turaceous LOWER MIOCENE^ 1 1 \ mudalone. Outcrops with horizontal beddlng.- WalpiOi Series. Quarlz veins None FARIV PI FISTnfiFNF Unconformity. Tai^hlll Ser/es. ( Conglomerate bands X UPPER MIOCENE i itfangalu Series. [Mudblone, argillaceou £«tinct Oas VoMb Unconformity. |Un,..,.„.. „«„.,., 8,„.„„d...„, .„a Unconformity, .I.,.1P CompJM and drawn byRJ&awfi^.ldOarAddztions &c hy Q.E.HaTrT£, 1917. To accompany BiiUeJirh N921, Gishonte ru\d V\liatatiUU' Subdivisions. Rfxukunuu-a^ Division, Ilawhes Bay Lund District T TI R Jl N — LETTER OF TRANSMITTAL. Geological Survey Office, Wellington, 12th December, 1917. SlE, I have the honour to transmit herewith Bulletin No. 20 (New Series) of the Geological Survey Branch of the Mines Department, entitled " The Geology of the Oamaru District, North Otago," and written by Professor James Park, of Otago University, Dunedin. It contains 124 pages of letterpress, and is illustrated by numerous plates, figures, and maps. The field-work in connection with the preparation of this bulletin was done by Professor Park, working single-handed, daring the summer of 1915-16. The results obtained are lucidly set forth in the following pages ; but it is desirable to state that although quite agreeing with most of the conclusions reached, I cannot follow Professor Park in all respects, more particularly in his views regarding the relative ages of the Oamaru and the Waitaki stones. Professor Park's report must be regarded as a very important con- tribution to the geological literature of New Zealand. In it special attention has been paid to the paheontology of the various stages of the Oamaruian System, and the lists of fossils given prove conclusively the Middle Cainozoic age of the whole of the system as developed in the Oamaru district. Practically the whole of the molluscan determinations recorded in this bulletin have been made by Mr. Henry Suter, of Christchurch, Consulting Palaeontologist to the Geological Survey. In like manner nearly all the Brachiopods have been named by Dr. J. Allan Thomson, Director of the Dominion Museum. I have the honour to be, Sir, Your obedient servant, P. G. MORGAN, Director, New Zealand Geological Survey. The Hon. W. D. S. MacDonald, Minister of Mines, Wellington. ———— —. ... .. CONTENTS. Letter of Transmittal Chapteb I. General Information. Page Acluiowledgments 1 Geological Literature . 4 General Description of District Outline of Geology . 9 General Geological Structure Classification . 10 Physiography . Geological History of Uamaru District . 10 Coast-line Chapter II. Paleozoic Rooks. Page Page Distribution 21 Arrangement 22 Character 21 Economic Minerals 22 Chaftsk III.—The Middle Cainozoic (Oamabuian System). Page Page Distribution .. 23 Stage-names 26 Character of Rocks .. 23 The Oaniaruian .Succession 26 Conditions of Deposition 23 Ago of the Oaniaruian 26 Fauna and Flora .
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