DOCSLIB.ORG

Universidade Federal Do Amazonas Instituto De Ciências Biológicas Programa Multi-Institucional De Pós-Graduação Em Biotecnologia

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Universidade Federal Do Amazonas Instituto De Ciências Biológicas Programa Multi-Institucional De Pós-Graduação Em Biotecnologia UNIVERSIDADE FEDERAL DO AMAZONAS INSTITUTO DE CIÊNCIAS BIOLÓGICAS PROGRAMA MULTI-INSTITUCIONAL DE PÓS-GRADUAÇÃO EM BIOTECNOLOGIA JULIANA LUIZA VARJÃO LAMEIRAS PRODUÇÃO DE SORO HIPERIMUNE PARA Potamotrygon motoro Müller & Henle, 1841 (CHONDRICHTHYES – POTAMOTRYGONINAE): VERIFICAÇÃO DA REAÇÃO-CRUZADA FRENTE ÀS PEÇONHAS DE OUTRAS ESPÉCIES DE ARRAIAS E DA NEUTRALIZAÇÃO DAS ATIVIDADES EDEMATOGÊNICA E MIOTÓXICA Manaus 2018 JULIANA LUIZA VARJÃO LAMEIRAS PRODUÇÃO DE SORO HIPERIMUNE PARA Potamotrygon motoro Müller & Henle, 1841 (CHONDRICHTHYES – POTAMOTRYGONINAE): VERIFICAÇÃO DA REAÇÃO-CRUZADA FRENTE ÀS PEÇONHAS DE OUTRAS ESPÉCIES DE ARRAIAS E DA NEUTRALIZAÇÃO DAS ATIVIDADES EDEMATOGÊNICA E MIOTÓXICA Tese apresentada à Universidade Federal do Amazonas como requisito para obtenção do título de Doutora pelo Programa Multi- institucional de Pós-graduação em Biotecnologia. Área de concentração: Biotecnologia para Saúde. Orientadora: Professora Dra. Maria Cristina dos Santos – UFAM Coorientador: Professor Dr. Oscar Tadeu Ferreira da Costa – UFAM Manaus 2018 ' Poder Executivo Ministerio da Educa�ao Universidade Federal do Amazonas Programa Multi-lnstitucionalde P6s-Graduacao em Biotecnologia 226a. ATADEDEFESADETESE No dia 27 de mar90 (ter9a-feira) de 2018, as 9hs, 11a sala de aula do Bloco ''G'', Setor Sul - UFAM. Juliana Luiza Varjao Lameiras defendeu sua Tese de Doutorado intitulada ''Produ�ao de Soro Hiperimune para Potamotrygon motoro Miiller & Henle, 1841 (Chondrichthyes - potamotrygoninae): verifica�ao da rea'rao-cruzada frente as pe'ronhas de outras especies de arraias e da neutraliza�ao das atividades edematogenica e miotoxica. '' Banca de Examinadores: Membros Parecer AIssina tura I I / ! --. Aprovada (f) Assinatura: ;· c:?M· <.... � � (__ _C, ..._,·, .\ f Prof a. Dra. Maria Cristina dos Santos - (Presidente) Reprovada ( ) CPF: 1.0'61J.f4 ( . t 7 C f ,_ o 2.. I \ .. Aprovada -�- Assinatufa: ���· i Prof. Dr. Wuelton Marcelo Monteiro- FMT/ AM Reprovada ( ) CPF: Cl.\ J . �\c\:Q . 1- �t1 - C E: .,,-- "'· ' Aprovada (. .>") Assinatura: \ e';,_fy(/,C��L� Prof. Dr. Jose Fernando Marques Barcellos- UFAM Reprovada ( ) CPF: ,, \e),0;>.f \ !I,,( b� J-.,,.,...�5 t J Aprovada (><') Assinatur:_ j� · .. Profa. Dra. Tatiana Nayara Liborio Kimura - UFAM Reprovada ( CPF: ) 6��- .... G':!J,r3 _· ::1'3, _ _ O--c:1Q Aprovada (xJ Assinatura: _, j.,� /F 7 l. - ) Ir; / J <_) I ;Lt) Prof. Dr. Luiz Carlos de Lima Ferreira- FMT/AM Reprovada ( ) CPF: 0 3.1. I l 1�' l t '7" � Manaus, 27 de mar90 de 2018. ResultadoFinal: Aprovado( a)( X,) Reprovado( a)( ) • . • � .. .. • * .•. CoordenadorPPGBIOTEC/UFAM ...... ...................................... ....................... ...................................................... ... ..................... ................................... ... ...................................................................... ... ..... ....... ...................... ... ... .................. .............. ........................ .......... ......................... .................................. ................ .... .................. ... ..... ..... .. ... Av.Gal.RodrigoOtavioJordaoRamos,3000,Coroado,CampusUniversitario,BlocoMSetorSul,UFAM CEP:69077-000 - Manaus/AMTelefones:(92)99128-7527e-mail:ppg_biotec.ufam@yahoo.com.br • Ficha Catalográfica Ficha catalográfica elaborada automaticamente de acordo com os dados fornecidos pelo(a) autor(a). Lameiras, Juliana Luiza Varjão L228p Produção de soro hiperimune para Potamotrygon motoro Müller & Henle, 1841 (Chondrichthyes – Potamotrygoninae): verificação da reação-cruzada frente às peçonhas de outras espécies de arraias e da neutralização das atividades edematogênica e miotóxica / Juliana Luiza Varjão Lameiras. 2018 96 f.: il. color; 31 cm. Orientadora: Maria Cristina dos Santos Coorientador: Oscar Tadeu Ferreira da Costa Tese (Doutorado em Biotecnologia) - Universidade Federal do Amazonas. 1. Potamotrygonídeos. 2. ferrão. 3. envenenamentos. 4. antiveneno. 5. soroneutralização. I. Santos, Maria Cristina dos II. Universidade Federal do Amazonas III. Título Aos meus pais, Bernardo e Rosanei, às minhas irmãs, Luciana e Bárbara, às minhas sobrinhas, Bia e Luiza ao meu esposo, Oscar, aos meus avós, Oscarino e Lídia, e às minhas tias, Lídia e Ana Maria, com muito carinho. Amo vocês! AGRADECIMENTOS • À minha orientadora e ‘Mãe Científica’ Professora Doutora Maria Cristina dos Santos, por todo o conhecimento e apoio e por ter um papel fundamental na minha formação profissional e pessoal. Agradeço pela paciência, pelos esclarecimentos nos meus momentos de dúvida e por ter confiado a mim a realização deste projeto. • Ao Coordenador Técnico Leonardo Matos e às técnicas Andressa Encarnação e Tania Sumita do Biotério Central do Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas da Amazônia (INPA) pela apoio técnico recebido no cuidado com os animais dos experimentos. • À valiosa assistência técnica da Sra. Erilene Carmo dos Santos a ao colega Evandro Pessoa nos protocolos histológicos. • À Professora Doutora Michella Lasmar, ao Doutor Allyson Guimarães, à Mestra Cacilda Satomi Yano e ao Professor Doutor Paulo Nogueira pelas valiosas contribuições. • Aos amigos do Laboratório de Imunoquímica, Rafael Sousa e Luana Santana pela ajuda em todos os momentos. • Às amigas Valéria Mourão, Carolina Scheffer, Ilia Gilmara e Thaís Pereira pela carinho e apoio. É muito bom ter a amizade de vocês! • Aos meus pais e melhores amigos, Bernardo Lameiras e Rosanei Varjão, que sempre estiveram ao meu lado. • Às minhas tias, Lídia Lameiras e Ana Maria Lameiras, que sempre me incentivaram a estudar e que nunca me deixaram desistir. • E, finalmente, agradeço ao meu esposo, Professor Doutor Oscar Costa, pela carinho, compreensão, dedicação, paciência, enfim, por tudo. Agradeço a ele, que me acompanhou nas coletas, nos experimentos e me apoiou tantas vezes, discutiu meus resultados comigo, ouviu minhas indagações e me ajudou tanto. Muito obrigada, meu amor! RESUMO Arraias pertencentes à subfamília Potamotrygoninae são peixes cartilaginosos que ocorrem nas bacias hidrográficas da América do Sul. Esses animais são providos de ferrões na base da cauda, próprios para a sua defesa. O ferrão é coberto por uma bainha tegumentar contendo glândulas mucosas e de veneno. As vítimas costumam sofrer envenenamentos por arraias geralmente quando pisam no dorso do animal, escondido sob a areia, na beira da praia. Por consequência, a arraia movimenta a cauda abruptamente e introduz o ferrão no indivíduo, causando uma laceração extremamente dolorida, que geralmente leva à necrose do tecido. Os acidentes costumam ocorrer em lugares distantes, isolados, geralmente sem atendimento médico adequado e, portanto, quase sempre não são notificados. Não há uma terapia definida e eficaz para os envenenamentos por arraias e os profissionais de saúde geralmente não recebem treinamento adequado para cuidar deste tipo de acidente. O tratamento é baseado no uso de analgésicos, anti-inflamatórios e antibióticos, pois ainda não existe antídoto específico. Embora os procedimentos médicos sejam capazes de controlar o quadro clínico dos pacientes, a neutralização das toxinas seria a conduta ideal para impedir a indução dos sinais e sintomas apresentados nos envenenamentos por arraias de água doce. No intuito de obter um imunobiológico capaz de neutralizar as principais atividades apresentadas pelas vítimas, o presente estudo teve por objetivo analisar a neutralização, por soros hiperimunes, das atividades edematogênica e miotóxica induzidas pela peçonha da arraia Potamotrygon motoro. Os soros foram obtidos em camundongos Balb/c por meio de imunização intradérmica usando-se ou o extrato do dorso ou do ferrão de P. motoro adsorvidos em adjuvante hidróxido de alumínio. Por análise de Dot-ELISA e Western Blot, foi possível verificar que o extrato do dorso foi tão imunogênico quanto o extrato do ferrão, induzindo a altos títulos de anticorpos, que reagiram com antígenos homólogos (da mesma espécie) e heterólogos (extrato do dorso ou do ferrão das espécies Paratrygon aiereba, Plesiotrygon iwamae, Potamotrygon orbignyi e Potamotrygon schroederi, todas de água doce), indicando que ambos os tipos de extrato poderiam ser usados na produção de antiveneno para tratar vítimas de envenenamento por arraias de água doce. A partir daí, foi verificado o poder dos soros hiperimunes em neutralizar, in vivo, as atividades edematogênica e miotóxica induzidas pelo extrato do ferrão de P. motoro por meio de dois protocolos: soroneutralização e vacinação. O primeiro consistiu em injetar a peçonha no músculo gastrocnêmio de camundongos Balb/c, e, em seguida, ministrar ou o soro antidorso ou o soro antiferrão via plexo venoso oftálmico. Já, o segundo consistiu em imunizar os camundongos com o extrato do dorso ou do ferrão adsorvidos em hidróxido de alumínio e desafiá-los com a peçonha do ferrão via intramuscular. Os gastrocnêmios foram removidos para análise histopatológica e esterológica e o sangue, coletado via plexo venoso oftálmico para dosagem de citocinas, PCR e CK. Os soros antidorso e antiferrão não neutralizaram a atividade edematogênica, mas os protocolos de soroneutralização e vacinação neutralizaram parcialmente o dano tecidual induzido pela peçonha do ferrão. A rabdomiólise sistêmica só foi neutralizada 100% nos animais vacinados com o extrato do ferrão. A análise das citocinas indicou que o protocolo de soroneutralização induziu a liberação de citocinas dos perfis Th1, Th2, Th17 e Treg, enquanto o protocolo de vacinação induziu à uma resposta Th1. Os resultados indicam que
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Stingray Bay: Media Kit
    STINGRAY BAY: MEDIA KIT Stingray Bay has been the talk of the town! What is it? Columbus Zoo and Aquarium guests and members will now have the opportunity to see stingrays up close and to touch these majestic creatures! The Stingray Bay experience will encourage visitors to interact with the Zoo’s brand new school of stingrays by watching these beautiful animals “fly” through the water and dipping their hands in the water to come in contact with them. Where is located? Located in Jungle Jack’s Landing near Zoombezi Bay, Stingray Bay will feature an 18,000-gallon saltwater pool for stingrays to call home. Staff and volunteers will monitor the pool, inform guests about the best ways to touch the animals and answer questions when the exhibit opens daily at 10 a.m. What types of stingrays call Stingray Bay home? Dozens of cownose and southern stingrays will glide though the waters of Stingray Bay. Educational interpreters will explain the role of these stingrays in the environment. Stingrays are typically bottom feeders with molar-like teeth used to crush the shells of their prey such as crustaceans, mollusks, and other invertebrates. I’m excited to touch the stingrays, but is it safe? Absolutely! The rays barbs have been carefully trimmed off their whip-like tails. The painless procedure is similar to cutting human fingernails. Safe for all ages, the landscaped pool features a waterfall and a wide ledge for toddlers to lean against when touching the rays. This sounds cool! How much does it cost? Admission to Stingray Bay is free for Columbus Zoo and Aquarium Gold Members and discounted for Members.
    [Show full text]
  • Telephone Triage Algorithms Pediatric After-Hours Version Anatomical Grouping - Alphabetical Listing
    Telephone Triage Algorithms Pediatric After-Hours Version Anatomical Grouping - Alphabetical Listing Anatomical Group and Title Vomiting Without Diarrhea Abdomen Symptoms Worms - Other Than Pinworms Abdominal Injury Abdominal Pain - Female Arm and Leg Symptoms Abdominal Pain - Male Arm Injury Constipation Arm Joint Swelling Diarrhea Arm Pain Diarrhea Diseases from Travel Cast Symptoms And Questions Diarrhea On Antibiotics Finger Injury Feeding Tube Questions Leg Injury Food Allergy - Diagnosed Leg Joint Swelling Food Poisoning Leg Or Foot Swelling Food Reactions - General Leg Pain GI Symptoms Multiple - Guideline Selection Limp Hepatitis A Exposure Ring Stuck on Finger or Toe Hernia - Inguinal Splint Symptoms And Questions Hernia - Umbilical Toe Injury Hiccups Menstrual Cramps Motion Sickness Nausea Pinworms Spitting Up (Reflux) Stools - Blood In Stools - Unusual Color Swallowed Foreign Body Swallowed Harmless Substance Vomiting Blood Vomiting on Meds Vomiting With Diarrhea AfterHours Telephone Triage Algorithms - Standard Page 1 of 8 Copyright 1994-2019 Schmitt Pediatric Guidelines LLC Tuesday, May 21, 2019 Anatomical Group and Title Bites / Stings Breathing or Chest Symptoms Animal Bite Anaphylaxis Animal or Human Bite Infection on Antibiotic Asthma Attack Follow-Up Call Avian Influenza Exposure Bed Bug Bite Breast Symptoms (Female) - After Puberty Bee or Yellow Jacket Sting Breast Symptoms (Female) - Before Puberty Fire Ant Sting Breast Symptoms (Male) Human Bite Breastfeeding - Mother's Breast Symptoms Insect Bite or Illness Jellyfish
    [Show full text]
  • Injuries and Envenomation by Exotic Pets in Hong Kong Vember CH Ng, Albert CH Lit, of Wong *, ML Tse, HT Fung
    Original Article Injuries and envenomation by exotic pets in Hong Kong Vember CH Ng, Albert CH Lit, OF Wong *, ML Tse, HT Fung ABSTRACT effects, and six cases with mild effects. All major effects were related to venomous snakebites. There Exotic pets are increasingly popular Introduction: were no mortalities. in Hong Kong and include fish, amphibians, reptiles, and arthropods. Some of these exotic Conclusion: All human injuries from exotic pets animals are venomous and may cause injuries to arose from reptiles, scorpions, and fish. All cases of and envenomation of their owners. The clinical major envenomation were inflicted by snakes. experience of emergency physicians in the management of injuries and envenomation by these exotic animals is limited. We reviewed the clinical Hong Kong Med J 2018;24:48–55 features and outcomes of injuries and envenomation DOI: 10.12809/hkmj176984 by exotic pets recorded by the Hong Kong Poison 1 VCH Ng, FHKCEM, FHKAM (Emergency Medicine) Information Centre. 2 ACH Lit, FRCSEd, FHKAM (Emergency Medicine) Methods: We retrospectively retrieved and reviewed 2 OF Wong *, FHKAM (Anaesthesiology), FHKAM (Emergency Medicine) 1 cases of injuries and envenomation by exotic pets ML Tse, FHKCEM, FHKAM (Emergency Medicine) 3 HT Fung, recorded by the Hong Kong Poison Information FRCSEd, FHKAM (Emergency Medicine) Centre from 1 July 2008 to 31 March 2017. 1 Hong Kong Poison Information Centre, United Christian Hospital, Kwun Results: There were 15 reported cases of injuries Tong, Hong Kong 2 Accident and Emergency Department, North Lantau Hospital, Tung and envenomation by exotic pets during the study Chung, Lantau, Hong Kong period, including snakebite (n=6), fish sting (n=4), 3 Accident and Emergency Department, Tuen Mun Hospital, Tuen Mun, This article was scorpion sting (n=2), lizard bite (n=2), and turtle Hong Kong published on 5 Jan bite (n=1).
    [Show full text]
  • Database of Bibliography of Living/Fossil
    www.shark-references.com Version 16.01.2018 Bibliography database of living/fossil sharks, rays and chimaeras (Chondrichthyes: Elasmobranchii, Holocephali) Papers of the year 2017 published by Jürgen Pollerspöck, Benediktinerring 34, 94569 Stephansposching, Germany and Nicolas Straube, Munich, Germany ISSN: 2195-6499 DOI: 10.13140/RG.2.2.32409.72801 copyright by the authors 1 please inform us about missing papers: info@shark-references.com www.shark-references.com Version 16.01.2018 Abstract: This paper contains a collection of 817 citations (no conference abstracts) on topics related to extant and extinct Chondrichthyes (sharks, rays, and chimaeras) as well as a list of Chondrichthyan species and hosted parasites newly described in 2017. The list is the result of regular queries in numerous journals, books and online publications. It provides a complete list of publication citations as well as a database report containing rearranged subsets of the list sorted by the keyword statistics, extant and extinct genera and species descriptions from the years 2000 to 2017, list of descriptions of extinct and extant species from 2017, parasitology, reproduction, distribution, diet, conservation, and taxonomy. The paper is intended to be consulted for information. In addition, we provide data information on the geographic and depth distribution of newly described species, i.e. the type specimens from the years 1990 to 2017 in a hot spot analysis. New in this year's POTY is the subheader "biodiversity" comprising a complete list of all valid chimaeriform, selachian and batoid species, as well as a list of the top 20 most researched chondrichthyan species. Please note that the content of this paper has been compiled to the best of our abilities based on current knowledge and practice, however, possible errors cannot entirely be excluded.
    [Show full text]
  • Envenimations Par Poissons Tropicaux En Nouvelle-Calédonie
    UNIVERSITE DE NANTES FACULTE DE MEDECINE Année 2012 N° 062 THESE pour le DIPLOME D’ETAT DE DOCTEUR EN MEDECINE Qualification en MEDECINE GENERALE par Amandine COQUET HOUDAYER née le 07 janvier 1984 à Saint Martin Boulogne Présentée et soutenue publiquement le 17 septembre 2012 Envenimations par poissons tropicaux en Nouvelle-Calédonie Etude rétrospective de cas sur 18 mois (janvier 2009 à juillet 2010) Evaluation des pratiques au Service d’Accueil des Urgences du Centre Hospitalier Territorial de Nouvelle-Calédonie JURY : Président : Monsieur le Professeur François RAFFI Directeur de thèse : Monsieur le Docteur Claude MAILLAUD Monsieur le Professeur Michel MARJOLET Monsieur le Professeur Gilles POTEL Monsieur le Docteur Thierry PETELET 1 RESUME: Les envenimations par poissons tropicaux représentent un motif fréquent de consultation en Nouvelle- Calédonie. Les raies armées, poissons-pierres, rascasses et ptérois sont principalement responsables des accidents. Nous avons colligé rétrospectivement les dossiers des passages aux urgences du Centre Hospitalier Territorial de Nouvelle-Calédonie de janvier 2009 à juillet 2010 pour ce motif, soit 51 piqûres de raie, 9 de poisson-pierre, 14 de rascasse et aucune de ptérois, afin de déterminer les caractéristiques cliniques de ces accidents. Nos résultats apparaissent comparables à ceux de la littérature. Un protocole codifie la prise en charge de ces envenimations aux urgences du CHT de Nouméa. Tous critères confondus, l’adhésion du personnel soignant du service à ce protocole apparait être de 44,2% aux mesures de première intention préconisées de manière systématique, et de 33,5% aux mesures à adapter au cas par cas. Néanmoins, les complications de ce type d’accident ne semblent pas plus fréquentes dans notre série que dans celles de la littérature.
    [Show full text]
  • Alphabetical Index
    Alphabetical Index After-Hours Telehealth Triage Guidelines | Pediatric | 2021 9 Bottle-fed Weaning Questions Contraception - Birth Control Pills 911 Symptoms Bottle-feeding Questions Contraception - Birth Control Shot (Depo) A Breast Symptoms (Female) - After Puberty Contraception - Emergency Breast Symptoms (Female) - Before Contraception - Implant Abdominal Injury Puberty Contraception - IUD Abdominal Pain - Female Breast Symptoms (Male) Cough Abdominal Pain - Male Breastfeeding - Baby Questions COVID-19 - Diagnosed or Suspected Acne Breastfeeding - Mother's Breast Symptoms COVID-19 - Exposure Aggressive and Destructive Behavior or Illness Breastfeeding - Mother's Medicines and Cracked or Dry Skin Alcohol Use or Problems Diet Cradle Cap Allergic Reactions - Guideline Selection Breastfeeding - Weaning Questions Croup Altitude Sickness Breastfeeding (CANADA version) - Baby Croup on Steroid Follow-up Call Anaphylaxis Questions Crying - 3 Months and Older Animal Bite Breath-Holding Spell Crying - Before 3 Months Old Animal or Human Bite Infection on Breathing Difficulty (Respiratory Distress) Antibiotic Follow-up Call Breathing Noisy - Guideline Selection Cuts and Lacerations Ankle Injury Bronchiolitis Follow-up Call D Anxiety and Panic Attack Bruises Diabetes - High Blood Sugar Arm Injury Burns Diabetes - Low Blood Sugar Arm Joint Swelling C Diaper Rash Arm Pain Carbon Monoxide Exposure Diarrhea Asthma Attack Cast Symptoms and Questions Diarrhea Diseases from Travel Asthma Attack on Steroid Follow-up Call Cellulitis on Antibiotic Follow-up
    [Show full text]
  • Sharks, Jellyfish, Stingrays, Rip Currents
    This ebook is available for download at www.BeachHunter.net for FREE! How to Be Safe From Sharks, Jellyfish, Stingrays, Rip Currents And other Scary Things on Florida Beaches and Coastal Waters Protect Yourself and Your Family By David McRee Author of Florida Beaches: Finding Your Paradise on the Lower Gulf Coast Copyright © 2005 by David B. McRee. All rights reserved. No portions of this book may be reproduced or translated in any form, in whole or in part, without written permission from the author, David McRee. Short passages may be quoted without requesting permission when proper credit is given. If you downloaded this book for free, you may send a copy to your friends but you may NOT sell it or charge for it in any way. If you have a website and would like to offer this book to your visitors for free you may do so, but you must notify me that you are doing so, and give me credit on the download page as well as provide an active hyperlink to http://www.beachhunter.net on the download page. A note about copyright law: A writer's “expression” or particular arrangement of words or information is copyright protected. Facts are not protected by copyright. Inquiries should be directed to David McRee by sending email to: beachhunter@beachhunter.net Published by David McRee ISBN 0-9769885-1-8 Most photographs were taken by the author. Illustrations and a few photos are from www.clipart.com Media and press can find more information about the author and the author's work by visiting http://www.beachhunter.net and clicking on “media / press.” Disclaimer: Although the author has tried to make the information contained in this book as accurate as possible, he accepts no responsibility for any loss, injury, inconvenience, or death sustained by any person using this book.
    [Show full text]
  • Source Des Illustrations
    Source des illustrations L'auteur tient à remercier les musées, les laboratoires et organismes scientifiques, les auteurs et les photographes pour avoir bien voulu autoriser la reproduction des photos, schémas et illustrations figurant dans ce livre. Tout a été mis en œuvre pour retrouver les détenteurs de droits et leur demander l'autorisation de reproduction, à partir des sites internet suivants où les images ont été prélevées. Si certains ont été oubliés par mégarde ou oubli, il les prie de l'en excuser. -p.11. Serpent de mer géant. Olaus Magnus. Historia de gentibus septentrionalibus. 1555. Domaine public //commons.wikimedia.org -p.12. Kraken ou poulpe colossal attaquant un navire marchand. Pierre Denys de Monfort, 1810 //commons.wikipedia.org -p.13. Planche de ''monstres marins et terrestres'' des ''lieux et parties septentrionales''. Sebastian Münster, créée avant 1575, d'après la carte marine d'Olaus Magnus datée en 1544.//commons.wikimedia.org -p.22. Requin dormeur cornu. Ed Biermann. 2004 //commons.wikimedia.org -p.22. Tête de requin dormeur cornu. Richard Ling. 2007 //commons.wikimedia.org -p.22. Heterodontus portusjacksoni. Mark Norman/Museum Victoria // www.fishes ofaustralia.net.au/home/species/1982 //commons.wikimedia.org -p.22. Appareil vulnérant d'Heterodontus francisci. Gros plan d'une photo de Ed Bierman from California, USA. Horn shark, 2008 //commons.wikimedia.org -p.22. Aiguillat commun. NOAA //commons.wikimedia.org -p.23. Pastenague tropicale à points bleus. Taeniura lymma Jens Petersen. 2006 //commons.wikimedia.org -p.23. Pastenague commune. Tomas Willems & Hans Hillewaert. 2012 //commons. wikimedia.org -p.24. Extrémité caudale de raie armée.
    [Show full text]
  • Stingray Injury
    CLOSE ENCOUNTERS WITH THE ENVIRONMENT Aquatic Antagonists: Stingray Injury Dirk M. Elston, MD tingrays are widely distributed, espe- cially in warm water. They are common S in southern US waters, and roughly 750 stings are reported each year off the US coast.1 Most stingray injuries occur when a person accidentally steps on a ray as it lies on the sandy ocean bottom. Rays often blend into the background (Figure 1) and may cover themselves with sand for camouflage. When stepped on, they swing their tail in the direction of the foot in a defensive maneuver. Fishermen may sus- tain upper extremity injury when remov- ing a stingray from a net or fishing line. Severe pain is the most immediate symp- tom, but various systemic symptoms of Figure 1. Saltwater stingrays often blend with the underlying sand. envenomization also may occur. Systemic symptoms of envenomization may include severe radiating pain, edema, bleeding, hyperhi- the spine may be difficult to remove because of drosis, hypotension, salivation, nausea, vomiting, backward pointing barbs that embed the spine in headache, shortness of breath, muscle cramps, and the tissue. Exploration of the wound and surgical dysrhythmia. Symptoms are dependent on the spe- excision are commonly required. cies, the volume of the venom, and the underlying In an Australian study of 205 injuries related health of the victim. to marine animals, stingray injuries accounted for Rays live in both salt water and freshwater. 46 (22.4%) of the injuries.3 In another study in Although most injuries caused by stingrays occur tropical northern Australia, 9 of 22 fish-related in coastal regions of the tropics and subtropics, injuries were caused by stingrays.4 All patients stingrays also may be seen in aquarium keepers in reported severe pain.
    [Show full text]
  • Diving Medicine for Scuba Divers 4Th Edition 2012 Published by Carl Edmonds Ocean Royale, 11/69-74 North Steyne Manly, NSW, 2095 Australia Puddle@Bigpond.Net.Au
    !"#"$%&'()"*"$(&+,-&.*/01& !"#(-2& & & 345&6)"4",$& 789:& & ;-((&<$4(-$(4&6)"4",$& & ===>)"#"$%?()"*"$(>"$+,& 5th Edition, 2013 Diving Medicine for Scuba Divers 4th edition 2012 Published by Carl Edmonds Ocean Royale, 11/69-74 North Steyne Manly, NSW, 2095 Australia puddle@bigpond.net.au First edition, October 1992 Second edition, April 1997 Third edition January 2010 Forth edition January 2012 Fifth edition January 2013 National Library of Australia Catalogue 1. Submarine Medicine 2. Scuba Diving Injuries 3. Diving – physiological aspects Copyright: Carl Edmonds Title 1 of 1 - Diving Medicine for Scuba Divers ISBN: [978-0-646-52726-0] To download a free copy of this text, go to www.divingmedicine.info ! ! FOREWARD ! ! ! "#$%$&'! (&)! *+,(-+(.$/!01)$/$&1"2!$&!$.3!.4$5)!(&)!4$'467!51381/.1)!1)$.$9&2!4(3! 859%$)1)! (! /95&153.9&1! 9:! ;&9<61)'1! :95! .41! )$%$&'! =1)$/(6! 859:133$9&(6>! ?9<2! "#$%$&'! 01)$/$&1! @! :95! */+,(! #$%153"! $3! (! /9&)1&31)2! 3$=86$:$1)! (&)! 6$'4.15! 8+,6$/(.$9&! :95! .41! '1&15(6! )$%$&'! 898+6(.$9&>! A41! (+.4953! @! #53! B)=9&)32! 0/C1&D$1! (&)! A49=(32! 4(%1! )9&1! (&! 1E/1661&.! F9,! 9:! 859%$)$&'! (! /9=85141&3$%12! +31:+6!(&)!+8!.9!)(.1!5139+5/1!,(31!:95!.41!)$%15!$&!.41!:$16)>! ! A41!85131&.(.$9&!9:!.41!=(.15$(6!51:61/.3!.41!:(/.!.4(.!.41!(+.4953!(51!1E815$1&/1)! )$%153! (3! <166! (3! 381/$(6$3.3! $&! )$%$&'! =1)$/$&1>! A41$5! .4$&67! )$3'+$31)! 31&31! 9:! 4+=9+5! $3! 51:61/.1)! .459+'49+.! .41! .1E.! $&! 1=84(3$3$&'! $=895.(&.! $33+13! (&)! 9//(3$9&(667!F+3.!6$'4.1&$&'!.41!(/()1=$/!69()$&'!9&!.41!51()15>!A41$5!.51(.=1&.!9:!
    [Show full text]
  • Zolfaghari-Tahvil Daneshgah 2.Pdf
    Determination of some hematologic effect the Persian Gulf blackfin stonefish, (Pseudosynanceia melanostigma), venom on albino mice blood Item Type thesis Authors Zolfaghari, Mohammad Publisher Islamic Azad University, Science and Research Branch, Tehran, Marine Biology Download date 05/10/2021 00:41:10 Link to Item http://hdl.handle.net/1834/36477 معاونت پژوهش و فن آوري به نام خدا منشور اخﻻق پژوهش با ياري از خداوند سبحان و اعتقاد به اين كه عالم محضر خداست و همواره ناظر بر اعمال انسان و به منظور پاس داشت مقام بلند دانش و پژوهش و نظر به اهميت جايگاه دانشگاه در اعتﻻي فرهنگ و تمدن بشري، ما دانشجويان و اعضاء هيات علمي واحدهاي دانشگاه آزاد اسﻻمي متعهد ميگرديم اصول زير را در انجام فعاليت هاي پژوهشي مد نظر قرار داده و از آن تخطي نكنيم: 1- اصل حقيقت جويي: تﻻش در راستاي پي جويي حقيقت و وفاداري به آن و دوري از هرگونه پنهان سازي حقيقت. 2- اصل رعايت حقوق: التزام به رعايت كامل حقوق پژوهشگران و پژوهيدگان )انسان، حيوان و نبات( و ساير صاحبان حق 3- اصل مالكيت مادي و معنوي: تعهد به رعايت كامل حقوق مادي و معنوي دانشگاه و كليه همكاران پژوهش 4- اصل منافع ملي: تعهد به رعايت مصالح ملي و در نظر داشتن پيشبرد و توسعه كشور در كليه مراحل پژوهش 5- اصل رعايت انصاف و امانت: تعهد به اجتناب از هرگونه جانب داري غير علمي و حفاظت از اموال، تجهيزات و منابع در اختيار 6- اصل رازداري: تعهد به صيانت از اسرار و اطﻻعات محرمانه افراد، سازمانها و كشور و كليه افراد و نهادهاي مرتبط با تحقيق 7- اصل احترام: تعهد به رعايت حريمها و حرمتها در انجام تحقيقات و رعايت جانب نقد و خودداري از هرگونه حرمت شكني 8- اصل ترويج : تعهد به رواج دانش و اشاعه نتايج تحقيقات و انتقال آن به همكاران علمي و دانشجويان به غير از مواردي كه منع قانوني دارد.
    [Show full text]
  • Dangerous Creatures of the Maltese Sea: Injuries and Treatment - Part 1
    REVIEW ARTICLE Dangerous creatures of the Maltese sea: Injuries and treatment - Part 1 Dr David James SAMMUT ABSTRACT which inhabit the sea and are cause of injuries. In this This article is intended to give information about article some of the most common dangerous creatures different organisms which inhabit the Maltese sea and are described together with the type of injury they inflict which are potentially harmful. Doctors working in the and its treatment. primary health setup and sometimes also in secondary care are often faced with injuries related to these ORGANISMS AND MECHANISMS organisms. The nature of the injury and its treatment OF INJURY is then discussed. Treatment however is not evidenced There are more than 300 species of fish which inhabit based as little if any studies have been conducted in this the central Mediterranean region (Sammut, 2001). To field of medicine. This first of two articles will review these one has to add the multitude of other species the well-known jellyfish stings and other less familiar ranging from microscopic organisms to coelenterates venomous organisms such as the bristle worm and the and worms. Nature has devised several forms and shapes sting ray. which have enabled the organisms to survive and evolve. All living creatures have to be able to find or catch KEY WORDS: food, and to defend themselves against predators and Stings, jellyfish, weever fish, bristle worm, sting rays attackers. Man is not spared from these mechanisms and thus is in the same danger of being injured if the marine INTRODUCTION environment is invaded. Malta is an archipelago of islands in the centre of Marine organisms defend themselves by many the Mediterranean.
    [Show full text]