Girls Incorporated of Lynn STEM Career Book
Girls Incorporated of Lynn STEM Career Book
June 2020
STEM Peer Leader Advisor: Samantha Sargent
Created by STEM Peer Leaders: Michelle Acevedo, Niara Hairston, Annie Kay Joseph, Luisa Laboy, Michelle Lesperance, Anaya Martinez
This book was made possible with the generous support of the following: Life Science Cares, PwC Charitable Foundation Inc. Reimagine Grant, Boston Scientific, National Grid, Boston Scientific Foundation
Table of Contents
1) Our STEM Heroes
Rebecca Cole (1846 – 1922) Annie Easley (1933 – 2011) Katherine Johnson (1918 – 2020) Ellen Ochoa (1958 – Present) Antonia Novello (1944 – Present) Radia Perlman (1951 – Present) Chien – Shiung Wu (1912 – 1997)
2) STEM Careers A through Z
A - Audiologist B - Biochemist C - Chemical Engineer D - Data Scientist E - Electrical Engineer F - Forestry G - Geologist H - Herpetologist I - Immunologist J - Journalist, Science K - Kindergarten Science Teacher L - Lab Technician M - Marine Biologist N - Neonatologist O - Oceanographer P - Petroleum Engineer Q - Quality Assurance Manager R - Research Scientist S - Software Architect T - Transportation Engineer U - Urban Statistician V - Volcanologist W - Weather Forecaster X - X-Ray Technician Y - Yarder Engineer Z - Zoologist
3) Interviews with Local Women in STEM
Samantha Lozzi – Deloitte Jolvan Morris – Integrated Statistics, Inc. Nancy Wolk – Chandra X-Ray Observatory Emily Duwan – Northeastern University Marine Science Center Nicki Sirianni – WGBH / Design Squad Amanda Marshall – General Electric Erin Corbett – Nasdaq Mallory Lopez – Spaulding Rehab Demi Fox – NOAA Marine Debris Program Robercy Tapia – Cell Signaling Technology
Who are our STEM Heroes?
Rebecca Cole (1846 – 1922)
Rebecca Cole was born in Pennsylvania as one of five children. Cole began her education at the Institute for Colored Youth graduating in 1863. She went on to attend the New England Female Medical College. After completing her thesis and graduating, she became the second formally trained black woman doctor in the United States. Cole obtained a second medical degree in 1867 when she graduated from the Woman’s Medical College of Pennsylvania. Cole practiced medicine in New York, South Carolina, Pennsylvania, North Carolina, and Washington D.C. Cole was a strong advocate for the poor, routinely making house calls to lower class neighborhoods in Philadelphia and Washington D.C. Years later, her work with the poor led to a well-publicized dispute with scholar W.E.B. DuBois. Cole did not believe his conclusion that blacks were dying of Tuberculosis because of their ignorance of proper hygiene. In 2015, Cole was chosen as an Innovators Walk of Fame honoree.
Annie Easley (1933 – 2011)
Annie J. Easley was born in Alabama in a time when racial segregation was prevalent. After her career ended in pharmacy, she was looking for another job and read an article about “human computers”. This was the start of her 34-year career with NASA. When Easley was hired, she was one of only four African American employees at the lab. Evolving with the technology changes, Easley had the opportunity to support a number of NASA’s programs, developing and implementing code used in researching energy- conversion systems and analyzing alternative power technology. Her contributions to the Centaur Project framed the technological foundation for launching future satellites and space vehicles, including the 1997 launch of Cassini to Saturn. In the 1970s, Easley returned to school to earn her Mathematics degree from Cleveland State, while continuing to work full time. Later in her career, she had the opportunity to take on the additional role of equal employment opportunity (EEO) counselor to address issues of gender, race, and age in discrimination complaints at the lowest level. Easley never set out to be a role model or trailblazer and retired in 1989.
Katherine Johnson (1918 – 2020)
Katherine Johnson was born in West Virginia, her mother was a teacher and her father was a farmer. After graduating high school at 14, Katherine Johnson was 15 years old when she enrolled at West Virginia State University in 1933. She was one of three African American students attending the University. At 18 years old, she graduated with a degree in Math and French. She later went on to earn a graduate degree in mathematics and in 1953 at the age of 35, she was contracted as a research mathematician at the Langley Research Center with the National Advisory Committee for Aeronautics (NACA), the agency that preceded NASA. Johnson was one of the first African American women to work at NASA in the 50s, a time when racial segregation was very present in the US society. During her career, Johnson joined an all-male flight research team on which her computations influenced every major space program, including Project Mercury and Apollo 11, the well documented Neil Armstrong and Buzz Aldrin mission to the moon. Johnson worked for NASA for more than 30 years, retiring in 1986. As a teacher and research mathematician, she co-authored over 25 scientific papers. In 2015, President Obama awarded her the Presidential Medal of Freedom for her lifetime work as a pioneering physicist, mathematician, and space scientist. Additionally, in 2016 she was the main character of the movie Hidden Figures.
Ellen Ochoa (1958 – Present)
Ellen Ochoa was born in California. Ochoa received her Bachelor of Science degree in Physics from San Diego State University. She then went on to get her Master of Science and Doctorate degrees at Stanford University. In 1990 and 1991, she was selected by NASA and became the world’s first Hispanic female astronaut. As a mission specialist and flight engineer, Ochoa is a veteran of four space flights. Ochoa has also served as former director of the Johnson Space Center. Ochoa was named the Vice Chair of the National Science Board for the 2018 – 2020 term and currently chairs the committee evaluating nominations for the National Medal for Technology and Innovation.
Antonia Novello (1944 – Present)
Antonia Novello was born and raised in Puerto Rico. Novello was primarily raised by her mother, as her father died when she was eight. At birth, Novello was diagnosed with congenital megacolon, a birth defect in which nerves are missing from parts of the intestine. This required frequent trips to the hospital. It was this experience that left such an impact on her wanting to become a doctor. Novello excelled in education and graduated from high school at the age of 18. She received her Bachelor of Science degree from the University of Puerto Rico in Rio Piedras and her Doctor of Medicine degree from the University of Puerto Rico School of Medicine. Shortly after, she moved to Michigan to continue her medical studies. In 1990 she served as 14th Surgeon General of the United States, focusing her attention on the health of women, children and minorities. This made her the first woman, first person of color, and first Hispanic to serve as Surgeon General. Additionally, Novello served as Commissioner of Health for the State of New York from 1999 to 2006. In 2014, Novello retired from her position as an Executive Director of Public Health Policy at Florida Hospital – Orlando.
Radia Perlman (1951 – Present)
Radia Perlman was born in Virginia, but grew up in New Jersey. Both of her parents worked as engineers for the United States government. Perlman completed her undergraduate education at MIT, obtaining her Bachelor of Science degree in Mathematics. She later went on to obtain her Master of Science in Mathematics and PhD in Computer Science. Perlman is most famous for her invention of the Spanning Tree Protocol (STP), which is fundamental to the operation of network bridges to locate loops in the local area network (LAN), while working for Digital Equipment Corporation. Perlman has co-authored multiple articles and books and has more than 100 issued patents. Due to this, she is noted as “Mother of the Internet”.
Chien-Shiung Wu (1912 – 1997)
Chien-Shiung Wu was born in China with a name that means heroes and outstanding figures. At age 11, she left her hometown to attend boarding school for classes for high school and for teacher training. Wu studied at National Central University, where she led protests including a sit-in. After graduation, she became a researcher at the Institute of Physics. Wu decided to leave her family to travel to the United States and pursue graduate studies. She received her PhD in Physics from the University of California- Berkeley. During World War II, Wu became a faculty member at Smith College, however, there was no opportunity for research. Several years later, she joined the Manhattan Project’s Substitute Alloy Materials (SAM). This was the U.S. Army’s secret project to develop the atomic bomb. After the war, she continued her research at Columbia where she and two male colleagues disproved a law of symmetry in physics called the “principles of conservation of parity”. Both of her male colleagues went on to receive a Nobel Prize in 1957, while Wu’s contributions went unrecognized.
A is for Audiologist Overview: Health care professionals who examine people for hearings loss and related issues such as balance, tinnitus, and auditory disorders.
Key Requirements: Excellent communication skills, teamwork, care and compassion and moral code of ethics
Subjects to Study in High School: Anatomy, Physiology, Child Development and Psychology
Minimum Degree: Doctorate Degree
Training and Other Qualifications: American Board of Audiology Board Certified and American Speech-Language Hearing Association credentialing
Median Salary: $78,000
Projected Job Growth: 16% from 2018 to 2028
Related Occupations: Therapist, Physician Assistant, Social Work, Optometrist
B is for Biochemist Overview: A biochemist studies the chemistry of living processes by collecting, analyzing, and interpreting the results at molecular and cellular levels such as cell development, reproduction, death, and even metabolism.
Key Requirements: Ability to analyze data and review processes and critical thinking
Subjects to Study in High School: Biochemistry, Chemistry, Foreign Language, Microbiology, Molecular Genetics, and Physical Chemistry
Minimum Degree: Bachelor's Degree
Training and Other Qualifications: Publishing scientific journal articles
Median Salary: $70,000 Projected Job Growth: 6% from 2018 to 2028 Related Occupations: Academic Researcher, Analytical Chemist, Biotechnologist, Clinical Scientist, Forensic Scientist, Medicinal Chemist
C is for Chemical Engineer Overview: Uses chemistry, physics, mathematics, and biology to solve problems that involve the use of fuel, drugs, food and many other products.
Key Requirements: Ability to analyze and review data
Subjects to Study in High School: Trigonometry, Physics, Computer Science, and Calculus
Minimum Degree: Bachelor’s Degree
Training and Other Qualifications: Professional Engineer License
Median Salary: $97,500
Projected Job Growth: 6% from 2018 to 2028
Related Occupations: Biomedical Engineers, Chemical Technician, Nuclear Engineers
D is for Data Scientist Overview: Data scientists are analytical experts who utilize their skills in both technology and social science to find trends and manage data. They use industry knowledge, contextual understanding, skepticism of existing assumptions – to uncover solutions to business challenges.
Key Requirements: Excellent communication skills, ability to analyze data and create and review processes
Subjects to Study in High School: Computer Programming, Statistics, and Mathematics
Minimum Degree: Bachelor’s Degree
Training and Other Qualifications: Certified Analytics Professional
Median Salary: $113,000
Projected Job Growth: 28% from 2018 to 2028
Related Occupations: Data Architect, Data Analyst, Data Engineer
E is for Electrical Engineer Overview: Creates electrical systems, components, materials, and applications using electricity.
Key Requirements: Critical thinking skills, problem solving skills, and communication skills
Subjects to Study in High School: Physics, Chemistry, Geometry, Calculus, Computer Science, and Trigonometry
Minimum Degree: Bachelor's Degree
Training and Other Qualifications: Energy Efficiency Management Certificate Program
Medium Salary: $95,000
Projected Job Growth: 2% from 2018 to 2028
Related Occupations: Environmental Engineer, Chemical Engineer
F is for Forestry Overview: Plan, maintain, and preserve forests and forest resources for public and private use.
Key Requirements: Analytical skills, critical thinking skills, and communication skills
Subjects to Study in High School: Natural Resource Management, Plant and Soil Science, and Computer Applications
Minimum Degree: Bachelor's Degree
Training and Other Qualifications: Wildlife and Forestry Conservation Undergraduate Certificate, Forestry License
Salary: $61,000
Projected Job Growth: 3% from 2018 to 2028
Related Occupations: Agricultural Worker Supervisor, Conservation Scientist, Firefighter, and Logger
G is for Geologist Overview: Studies the composition, structure, and other physical attributes of the earth, including rocks and minerals.
Key Requirements: Analytical skills, communication skills, and teamwork
Subjects to Study in High School: Chemistry, Physics, Geometry, Biology, and Environmental Science
Minimum Degree: Bachelor’s Degree
Training and Other Qualifications: Geologist License
Salary: $91,000
Projected Job Growth: 14% from 2016 to 2026
Related Occupations: Environmental Lawyer, Archeologist, Environmental Analyst
H is for Herpetologist Overview: Zoologist who studies reptiles and amphibians, as well as the conservation of these species.
Key Requirements: Observation skills, communication skills, and decision-making skills
Subjects to Study in High School: Chemistry, Physics, Calculus, Computer Science, and Biology
Minimum Degree: Bachelor’s Degree
Training and Other Qualifications: Master Herpetology Online Program
Salary: $56,000
Projected Job Growth: 5% from 2018 to 2028
Related Occupations: Zoology, Serpentology, and Zookeepers
I is for Immunologist Overview: Manage the treatment of patients with diseases specifically involving the immune system.
Key Requirements: Critical thinking, analysis, and attention to detail
Subjects to Study in High School: Biology, Chemistry, Physics, and Statistics
Minimum Degree: Doctorate Degree
Training and Other Qualifications: License to practice
Median Salary: $100,000
Projected Job Growth: 8% for 2018 to 2028
Related Occupations: Physician, Research Scientist, Allergist
J is for Journalist, Science Overview: Provide analysis, context, and perspective by exploring a discovery’s social and political implications. Science journalism serves as a major route by which sometimes-complex scientific issues are communicated to a broad audience.
Key Requirements: Good verbal and written skills, computer literacy, and objectivity
Subjects to Study in High School: English and Communications
Minimum Degree: Bachelor’s Degree
Training and Other Qualifications: Project Management Certificate
Median Salary: $35,000
Projected Job Growth: -10% for 2018 to 2028
Related Occupations: Correspondents, Communications, Public Relations
K is for Kindergarten Science Teacher Overview: A kindergarten teacher who specializes in the science field.
Key Requirements: Critical thinking, attention to detail, compassion, verbal and written skills
Subjects to Study in High School: Psychology, Sociology, Early Childhood Education, Chemistry, and Biology
Minimum Degree: Bachelor’s Degree
Training and Other Qualifications: Teaching license
Median Salary: $55,000
Projected Job Growth: 3% for 2018 to 2028
Related Occupations: Librarians, School Counselors, Social Workers
L is for Lab Technician Overview: Skilled workers that work with complex systems or perform highly technical mechanical or diagnostic tests in medical or scientific labs.
Key Requirements: Critical thinking, analysis, and attention to detail
Subjects to Study in High School: Biology, Chemistry, Physics, and Pre-Calculus
Minimum Degree: Associate Degree
Training and Other Qualifications: Bachelor’s Degree suggested
Median Salary: $45,000
Projected Job Growth: 11% for 2018 to 2028
Related Occupations: Chemical Technicians, Phlebotomist
M is for Marine Biologist Overview: A marine biologist studies organisms and ecosystems in the ocean and other saltwater environments.
Key Requirements: Critical thinking, analytical thinking, and teamwork
Subjects to Study in High School: Math, Chemistry, Physics, Biology, and Marine Biology
Minimum Degree: Bachelor's Degree
Training and Other Qualifications: Scuba Diving Certification
Median Salary: $62,000
Projected Job Growth: 5% for 2018 to 2028
Related Careers: Zoologist, Aquatic Biologist
N is for Neonatologist Overview: Neonatology is a subspecialty of pediatrics that consists of the medical care of newborn infants, especially the ill or premature newborn. It is a hospital-based specialty and is usually practiced in neonatal intensive care units.
Key Requirements: Gentle, patient, team oriented, critical thinking, attention to detail, and communication
Subjects to Study in High School: Early Childhood Education, Psychology, Sociology, Biology, and Chemistry
Minimum Degree: Doctorate Degree
Training and Other Qualifications: Research
Median Salary: $160,000
Projected Job Growth: 7% for 2018 to 2028
Related Occupations: Pediatricians, Nurse Practitioners
O is for Oceanographer Overview: Study water, sea life, weather and climates, which helps preserve the natural resource of oceans and coastal waters.
Key Requirements: Map skills, computer skills, critical thinking skills, written and verbal communication
Subjects to Study in High School: Physics, Biology, Chemistry, and Geology
Minimum Degree: Bachelor’s Degree
Training and Other Qualifications: Field and/or lab experience, state licensure
Median Salary: $65,000
Projected Job Growth: 8% for 2018 to 2028
Related Careers: Marine Chemist
P is for Petroleum Engineer Overview: Design and develop methods for extracting oil and gas from deposits below the Earth’s surface.
Key Requirements: Problem solving, critical thinking, and teamwork
Subjects to Study in High School: Algebra, Trigonometry, Calculus, and Science
Minimum Degree: Bachelor’s Degree
Training and Other Qualifications: Internships
Median Salary: $138,000
Projected Job Growth: 3% for 2018 to 2028
Related Careers: Oil and Gas careers
Q is for Quality Assurance Manager
Overview: Quality Assurance Managers are responsible for ensuring consistent quality of production processes by developing and implementing sustainable automated manufacturing practice (GAMP) systems.
Key Requirements: Excellent communication skills, ability to analyze data and create and review processes
Subjects to Study in High School: Calculus, Statistics, Business Communications, and Human Resources Management
Minimum Degree: Bachelor's Degree
Training and Other Qualifications: Certified Biomedical Auditor (CBA) Certified Calibration Technician (CCT), Food Safety and Quality Auditor (CFSQA), Manager of Quality / Organizational Excellence (CMQ/OE)
Median Salary: $86,000
Projected Job Growth: 18% from 2018 to 2028
Related Occupations: Project Manager Quality Manager, Manager, Quality Engineer Quality Manager
R is for Research Scientists
Overview: Designing, undertaking and analyzing information from controlled laboratory-based investigations, experiments and trials.
Key Requirements: Math skills, critical thinking, communication and writing skills, teamwork skills, and planning skills
Subjects to Study in High School: Physics, Organic and Inorganic Chemistry
Minimum Degree: Bachelor’s Degree
Training and Other Qualifications: Computer Scientist, Specialist - Data Scientist, Advanced Analytics Version 1.0
Minimum Salary: $74,000
Projected Job Growth: 16% from 2018 to 2028
Related Occupations: Psychologist, Industrial Psychologist, Environmental Science and Protection Technician
S is for Software Architect
Overview: A software engineer is a person who applies the principles of software engineering to the design, development, maintenance, testing, and evaluation of computer software
Key Requirements: Excellent organizational and leadership abilities, and great computer skills
Subjects to Study in High School: Geometry, Algebra, Calculus, and Trigonometry
Minimum Degree: Bachelor's Degree
Training and Other Qualifications: TOGAF 9 (The Open Group), Zachman Certified (Enterprise Architect)
Median Salary: $152,000
Projected Job Growth: 21% from 2018 to 2028
Related Occupations: Architect, Software Engineer
T is for Transportation Engineering
Overview: Plan, design, operate and maintain everyday systems such as streets and highways. They are also responsible for larger projects such as airports, ports, mass transit systems, and harbors.
Key Requirements: Good speaking, organizational and decision-making, and interpersonal skills
Subjects to Study in High School: Math, Chemistry, and Physics
Minimum Degree: Bachelor’s Degree
Training and Other Qualifications: Professional Engineering (PE) License
Median Salary: $67,000
Projected Job Growth: 11% from 2016 to 2026
Related Occupations: Architectural and Engineering, Construction Manager, Geoscientists, Nuclear Engineer
U is for Urban Statistician Overview: Analyze information and data from a variety of sources such as market research studies, censuses, and environmental impact studies to determine the significance of the data.
Key Requirements: Good speaking, organizational skills, decision-making, and interpersonal skills
Subjects to Study in High School: Biology, Agriculture, Business, Economics, Engineering, and Psychology
Minimum Degree: Master’s Degree
Training and Other Qualifications: Professional Engineering (PE) License
Median Salary: $75,000
Projected Job Growth: 11% from 2018 to 2028
Related Occupations: Cartographers and Photogrammetrists
V is for Volcanologist Overview: Monitor activity around active volcanoes. They use a variety of tools, such as seismographs to measure earthquakes or other seismic activity and GPS devices to measure changes in a volcano's height.
Key Requirements: Data analysis, attention to detail, and comfort in high risk situations
Subjects to Study in High School: Biology, Chemistry, Physics, Earth Science, Algebra, Trigonometry, and Pre-Calculus.
Minimum Degree: Bachelor's degree
Median Salary: $91,000
Projected Job Growth: 10% for 2014 to 2024
Related Occupations: Geologist, Geochemist, Oceanographer, and Paleontologists
W is for Weather Forecaster
Overview: Broadcast weather conditions, forecasts, or severe weather warnings to the public via television, radio, or the Internet or provide this information to the news media.
Key Requirements: Attention to detail, data analysis, and objective
Subjects to Study in High School: Physics, Chemistry, Earth Science, Geology, Pre- Calculus, and Calculus
Minimum Degree: Bachelor’s Degree
Median Salary: $94,000
Project Job Growth: 8%
Related Occupations: Research and development in the physical, engineering, and life sciences
X is for X-Ray Technician
Overview: Take x-rays on your organs, tissues, and bones to see if there are any problems. Some types of scans can even see blood vessels.
Key Requirements: Ability to operate and maintain x-ray machines, prepare patients for x-ray procedures, and assist physicians with x-ray image evaluation
Subject to Study in High School: Math, Chemistry, and Basic Imaging Physics
Minimum Degree: Associate Degree
Training and Other Qualifications: ARRT Certification & Registration
Median Salary: $64,000
Projected Job Growth: 9% from 2018 to 2020
Related Occupations: Radiology Technologist, Ultrasound Technician
Y is for Yarder Engineer
Overview: Operate lift and pull loads using power-operated cable equipment.
Key Requirements: Critical thinking and logic to solve problems
Subjects to Study in High School: English, Math, Science, and Social Studies
Minimum Degree: Bachelor’s Degree
Training and Other Qualifications: Certified Information Systems Security Professional (CISSP)
Median Salary: $101,500
Projected Job Growth: 4% from 2018 to 2028
Related Jobs: Order Engineer
Z is for Zoologist
Overview: Zoologists may study a particular species or group of species, either in the wild or in captivity. Zoologists study animals and their interactions with ecosystems. They study their physical characteristics, diets, behaviors, and the impacts humans have on them.
Key Requirements: Have a love for animals and understand animal behavior
Subjects to Study in High School: Physics, Environmental Science, Calculus, AP Chemistry, and AP Biology
Minimum Degree: Bachelor’s Degree
Training and Other Qualifications: At least 5 General Certificate of Secondary Exam (GCSE) grade (A-C/1-3) and 2 A level/ three H grade
Median Salary: $60,000
Projected Job Growth: 4% in 2014
Related Jobs: Park Naturalists and Aquarist
A is for Accountant or Auditor Meet Samantha Lozzi Auditor at Deloitte Fun Fact: Sam grew up in Lynn, MA
Overview: Accountants are responsible for a wide variety of finance-related tasks that are primarily associated with preparing financial records of a company. An accountant maintains, analyzes and prepares accounting records, financial statements, financial reports and information (assets, liabilities, revenue, expenses, tax liability, etc.) and assesses the accuracy, completeness, and conformance with applicable standards (i.e. Generally Accepted Accounting Principles). Auditors review the financial statements and records of a company to ensure that accounting records are being recorded correctly (completeness and accuracy) and compliance with accounting standards. Auditors also ensure that there are appropriate control measures in place at the company.
Key Requirements: Strong analytical and problem-solving skills, detail and deadline-oriented, time management, organization skills, data entry management, general math skills, advanced Excel skills, communication skills, teamwork, confidentiality, integrity, and ethics
Subjects to Study in High School: Accounting, Business, and Economics
Minimum Degree: Bachelor’s Degree in Accounting
Training and Other Qualifications: Certified Public Accountant
Median Salary: $67,000
Projected Job Growth: 10%
Related Occupations: Accountant (various levels - entry level through manager or supervisory role), Auditor (various levels – entry level staff through partner), Controller, CFO, Financial Analyst, Financial Advisor, Internal Auditor, Government Accountant, Tax Accountant
E is for Environmental Scientist Meet Jolvan Morris Integrated Statistics, Inc. Fun Fact: Jolvan is originally from New Orleans, LA
Overview: Environmental scientists use their knowledge of the natural sciences to analyze environmental problems and develop solutions to them. The federal government and many state and local governments have regulations to ensure that there is clean air to breath and safe water to drink, and that human impacts to sensitive ecosystems are avoided or minimized. Environmental scientists do research and provide advice on how to develop and implement the best environmental policies and practices to protect the environment.
Key Requirements: Analytical skills, communication skills, problem solving skills, interpersonal skills, and self-discipline
Subjects to Study in High School: Chemistry, Biology, Physics, Geosciences, and Engineering
Minimum Degree: Bachelor’s Degree
Training and Other Qualifications: Classes and internships that include work in computer modeling, data analysis, and Geographic Information Systems (GIS)
Median Salary: $71,360
Projected Job Growth: 8%
Related Occupations: Environmental Engineer, Zoologist and Wildlife Biologist, Biochemist and Biophysicists, Conservation Scientist, and Microbiologist
I is for Imaging Scientist Meet Nancy Wolk Chandra X-Ray Observatory
Overview: Beautiful images from space bring curious minds forward and excite the public, but how real are these images? Imaging scientists take the raw data from telescopes and space observatories to create images for the public, but they use a variety of software tools to make the images as scientifically accurate as possible including removing telescope artifacts, colorizing the images in wavelength order and smoothing pixilation for presentation. Understanding instrument responses can help bring out the details in space that can’t be seen with the human eye.
Key Requirements: Understanding of basic physics and astronomy, electronic camera responses, and telescopes.
Subjects to Study in High School: Physics, Earth Sciences, Chemistry, Algebra, and Trigonometry
Minimum Degree: Bachelor’s Degree
Training and Other Qualifications: Photoshop and specific telescope data reduction techniques
Median Salary: $50,000
Projected Job Growth: Unknown
Related Occupations: Graphic design, data analysts, web design, and public engagement
M is for Marine Science Educator Meet Emily Duwan Northeastern University Marine Science Center Fun Fact: Emily has worked with Beach Sisters
Overview: We have such a connection to the ocean. We can have such a big impact on it, and it can affect us all so much. A Marine Science Educator teaches people of all ages about the ocean and what actions they can do to help some of the various problems that our ocean is facing. They can also connect scientists to other people so they can tell them about the important research they do. A lot of their time can be spent outside in different environments such as tidepools to show people all of the different animals that live there.
Key Requirements: Good communication skills, keen observational skills, deep interest and passion for the ocean
Subjects to Study in High School: Chemistry, Biology, Marine Biology, Ecology and/or Field Science
Minimum Degree: Bachelor’s Degree
Training and Other Qualifications: Certified Scuba Diver, experience working with youth
Median Salary: $55,000
Projected Job Growth: 5%
Related Occupations: Biochemist and Veterinarians
M is for Children’s Media Meet Nicki Sirianni WGBH / Design Squad Fun Fact: Nicki’s favorite theme song is Arthur
Overview: Many of the television shows, apps, and web games created for children actually have a goal to teach something new! Many television shows and games try to introduce kids to different areas of STEM such as environmental science, engineering, math, scientific thinking and more. When creating new educational shows or games, a person working in children’s media has to balance creating something that is educational and accurate with being entertaining and fun. The process of creating educational media involves creating new ideas with STEM experts, writing scripts, creating animation, filming episodes, designing games and testing all of the elements to make sure kids understand what you are trying to teach them!
Key Requirements: Great writing skills, strong organizational skills, creativity, and flexibility
Subjects to Study in High School: Biology, Earth/Environmental Science, Math, Photography, Film, Drawing or Art, and Education
Minimum Degree: Bachelor’s Degree
Training and Other Qualifications: Experience with Photoshop, Adobe Premiere or Film/Media Studies, Education Experience or Training
Median Salary: $60,000
Projected Job Growth: 4-6%
Related Occupations: Game developer, web developer, children’s television producer, script writer, marketing and communications, children’s book publisher, and children’s podcast producer
O is for Operations Leader Meet Amanda Marshall General Electric Fun Fact: Amanda is a Middle School Mentor and Board Member
Overview: In many of our country’s manufacturing plants, there are amazing machines and talented people that make complicated products. These products go into things we use every day, like aircraft engines on commercial airplanes and fighter jets! As an operations leader, you lead the people and processes used to manufacture these products. You spend a lot of time on the shop floor seeing the process first-hand and improve the way the parts are made, processes utilizing better technology, making efficient designs, and coaching your team.
Key Requirements: Strong commutation skills, problem solving skills, a good team member, willingness to learn, and an interest in making this better (process improvement)
Subjects to Study in High School: Physics, Calculus, Geometry, Statistics, and Algebra
Minimum Degree: Bachelor’s Degree
Training and Other Qualifications: Leadership training, Lean Training
Median Salary: $80,000
Projected Job Growth: 12.5%
Related Occupations: Mechanical Engineer, Process/Quality/Manufacturing Engineer, Environmental Health & Safety, and Supervisor
P is for Project Manager Meet Erin Corbett Nasdaq Fun Fact: Erin wanted to be a teacher until she took college courses
Overview: A project manager has the overall responsibility for the successful initiation, planning, design, execution, monitoring, controlling and closure of a project. Construction, architecture, information technology and many different industries that produce products and services utilize project managers. A project manager is responsible for making decisions, controlling risk and minimizing uncertainty for a project.
Key Requirements: Strong communication skills, organization skills, leadership, time management, critical thinking, budget management, computer skills, and team management
Subjects to Study in High School: Algebra, Calculus, Statistics, Writing, Public Speaking, Business Courses (Management, Marketing, Accounting etc.), and Computer Skills
Minimum Degree: Bachelor’s Degree
Training and Other Qualifications: PMP (Project Management Professional) Certification, Master’s Degree in Business Administration (MBA)
Median Salary: Starting salary: $50,000-$65,000, Experienced Project Managers: $70,000-$115,000
Projected Job Growth: 10-12%
Related Occupations: Program Manager, Management Consultant, Business Analyst, Product Manager, and Operations Manager
P is for Physical Therapist Meet Mallory Lopez Spaudling Rehab Fun Fact: Mallory has a twin sister
Overview: Physical Therapists (PT) are movement specialists who evaluate, treat and assist patients who are injured or ill to improve physical deficits and functional limitations. There are several aspects of the field ranging from pediatrics, orthopedics, neurological populations where physical therapists improve patient’s pain levels or objective disabilities in order to return to daily activities, work duties or recreational routines. The most rewarding component of the job is helping and healing people.
Key Requirements: Listening skills, clinical reasoning, compassionate, realistic yet supportive and positive
Subjects to Study in High School: Anatomy, Chemistry, Biology, Physics, Statistics, Algebra, Geometry and Organic Chemistry
Minimum Degree: Doctorate Degree
Training and Other Qualifications: Undergraduate degree in Exercise Science or Bachelor’s in Rehabilitation Science followed by Graduate degree with a Doctorate in Physical Therapy
Median Salary: $87,953
Projected Job Growth: 34%
Related Occupations: Occupational Therapist, Speech and Language Therapist, Chiropractor, Physical Therapy Assistant, Exercise Physiologist, and Physician Assistant
R is for Regional Coordinator Meet Demi Fox NOAA Marine Debris Program Fun Fact: Demi grew up in South Florida
Overview: Millions of metric tons of marine debris enters the ocean each year. Debris, and especially plastics, have been found in the intestinal tracts of fishes, in the stomachs of great whales, in the beaks of albatrosses on remote Hawaiian Islands, and at depths of thousands of meters. Though marine debris is a worldwide problem, it is also a human problem, with human solutions. Within NOAA’s Marine Debris Program, ten Regional Coordinators work with partner organizations around the country to remove, research, and prevent marine debris.
Key Requirements: Strong verbal & writing skills, strong computer & analytical skills, self‐ motivated, energetic, strategic thinker, ability to work independently and in teams, experience working with diverse stakeholders, high attention to detail and ability to juggle multiple deadlines
Subjects to Study in High School: Biology, Chemistry, Physics, Statistics, Data Analysis, Speech, Public Speaking, Creative Writing and Marine Biology
Minimum Degree: Bachelor’s Degree
Training and Other Qualifications: First Aid/Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation (CPR)/Automated External Defibrillator (AED),Geographic Information System (GIS) and other mapping skills, Hazardous Waste Operations and Emergency Response (HAZWOPER), Foreign language skills
Median Salary: Variable (Depending on geographic location) as some coordinators are federal employees while others are contractors to NOAA
Projected Job Growth: Variable depending on geographic location
Related Occupations: Marine Biologist, Communications Specialist, and Grants Manager
R is for Research Associate Meet Robercy Tapia Cell Signaling Technology Fun Fact: Robercy is from New York
Overview: Exploring the world of science is a fascinating career with both lab-based and computer-based forms of research. Research Associates spend their careers focusing on a specific area of biology and/or chemistry. Researchers spend a lot of time either conducting experiments or analyzing the data. Since science is an ever-changing field, we must keep up to date with current scientific news by reading peer-reviewed journals. The most rewarding aspect of being a research associate has to be working on a project that could lead to the next important drug potentially curing a disease.
Key Requirements: Analytical mindset, deep interest in biology, detail-oriented
Subjects to Study in High School: Chemistry, Biology, Algebra, Calculus, Statistics, Computer Science
Minimum Degree: Bachelor’s Degree
Training and Other Qualifications: Biosafety training
Median Salary: $43,000
Projected Job Growth: Average 7%
Related Occupations: Biomedical Engineer, Forensic Scientists, Biochemist, Microbiologist
Recommended Resources from Our Local Women
• https://job-descriptions.careerplanner.com/Accountants.cfm • https://www.glassdoor.com/Job-Descriptions/Accountant.htm • https://www.topresume.com/career-advice/accountant-job-description • https://hiring.monster.com/employer-resources/job-description-templates/auditor- job-description/ • https://www.glassdoor.com/Job-Descriptions/Auditor.htm • https://nasba.org/licensure/gettingacpalicense/ ● NOAA Marine Debris Program ● NOAA Marine Debris Program Educational Resources ● NOAA Marine Debris Program In Your Region ● USAJobs (Resources to find a position as a Federal employee) ● Contract Holders for NOAA (Jobs) (Resources to work for the government as a contractor) ● https://bigfuture.collegeboard.org/careers/science-biological-scientists ● https://study.com/articles/How_to_Become_a_Biological_Scientist_Education_and _Career_Roadmap.html#:~:text=Step%201%3A%20Obtain%20a%20Bachelor's%2 0Degree&text=The%20first%20educational%20step%20to,physics%2C%20mathe matics%20and%20computer%20science. ● https://www.pmi.org/about/learn-about-pmi/what-is-project-management ● https://www.pmi.org/certifications/types/project-management-pmp