DOCSLIB.ORG

Drosera Sp: a Critical Review on Phytochemical and Ethnomedicinal Aspect

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Drosera Sp: a Critical Review on Phytochemical and Ethnomedicinal Aspect International Journal of Pharmacy and Biological Sciences-IJPBSTM (2019) 9 (1): 596-601 Online ISSN: 2230-7605, Print ISSN: 2321-3272 Research Article | Biological Sciences | Open Access | MCI Approved UGC Approved Journal Drosera Sp: A Critical Review on Phytochemical and Ethnomedicinal Aspect Rakesh Goswami1, Tanmoy Sinha2* and Kishore Ghosh3 1 Department of Bio-Chemistry, Vidyasagar University, Medinipur, West Bengal 721102. 2 Department of Botany, Cytogenetic and Molecular Biology Section, University of Burdwan. 3Department of Botany, University of Burdwan. Received: 10 Oct 2018/ Accepted: 8 Nov 2018/ Published online: 01Jan 2019 Corresponding Author Email: [email protected] Abstract Day by day medicinal plant research and their phytometabolites drawing interest in medical sciences due to loyal medicinal and pharmacological values. Drosera is a very well-known insectivorous plant and it is consists of near about 170 species throughout the world. Phytochemical profiling of this species has revealed the presence of highly valuable phytochemicals like Quercetin, Hyperoside, Isoquercitrin and Naphthoquinones etc. We utilized logical writing and scientific literature from electronic search engine such as Spinger link, science direct, Pub Med, Scopus and BioMed central as well as relevant books, websites, scientific publications and dissertation as a source of information. According to recent research information, these compounds are strongly associated with anti-cancerous, anti- microbial and also anti-inflammatory activities. This review intends to investigate the published report regarding phytochemicals, ethnomedicinal and pharmacological viewpoints and put forth the therapeutic potential of Drosera. Future research can be directed to extensive investigation about phytochemistry, clinical trials and pharmacokinetics acquiring safety data so as to add new dimensions to therapeutic utilization of Drosera. Keywords Drosera, Phytometabolites, Medicinal values. ***** INTRODUCTION Sm.ex. Wild have been reported at different Drosera or Sundew plant is a very well-known locations. It has been reported that these species insectivorous plant and as well as medicinal plant, have highly therapeutic properties like recovery of consists of approximately 170 species in all over the memory loss, overall body weakness, improvement world. In India Drosera indica L. family-Droseraceae, of defective eyesight, and help in fertilization in Drosera burmannii Vahl and Drosera peltata J.E. human and also curing of early aging etc [1]. Charles DOI: https://doi.org/10.21276/ijpbs.2019.9.1.76 Tanmoy Sinha* et al 596 www.ijpbs.comor www.ijpbsonline.com ISSN: 2230-7605 (Online); ISSN: 2321-3272 (Print) Int J Pharm Biol Sci. Darwin discovered the carnivorous nature of other 4. Bladder traps suck in prey with a bladder that Drosera species, wrote: “At this present moment I generates an internal vacuum. care more about Drosera than the origin of all the 5. Lobster-pots, also known as eel traps, force prey species in the world”. Basic research says that to move towards a digestive organ with inward- Droseraceae is a small family of mostly herbaceous pointing hairs [5]. plants with potential medicinal values. Glandular hair Naturally Drosera has various potential medicinal of this plant plays major role to catch the insects and components like naphthoquinones and plambagin, make digestion the tissues of insects with proper ramentaceone etc. Another study revealed that enzymes. [2, 3]. Among the genus – Droseramagnifica naphthoquinones and ramentaceone has is the largest carnivorous plant in the world [4]. potentialanti-cancer activity, to destroy the breast Various researches proved that carnivores a plant cancer cell in proper way. As per another research have some basic mechanism which helps to catch the plambagin derivatives also used for healing, insects properly. The insect trapping mechanisms are hyperglysamia, malaria, hypolipidemia etc (6, 7). LC– as follows:- NMR, NMR and LC–MS and LC–DAD quantification 1. Pitfall traps (pitcher plants) trap prey in a rolled study on Drosera peltata reported presence of leaf that contains a pool of digestive enzymes or flavonoids and ellagic acid. Ellagicacid also plays an bacteria. important role in oxidative stress through reducing 2. Flypaper traps use sticky mucilage. mechanism [8, 9]. So as per research it can be say that 3. Snap traps utilize rapid leaf movements. Drosera has various valuable chemical components which can be uses in human welfare. Anti-inflammation Anti- Cancer Anti-Oxidant DROSERA SP Anti-Microbial Fig-1: Schematic diagram of role of Drosera in human health Morphological and Geographical description of their future survival (11). According to different Drosera species: habits Drosera species can be divided in to five Sundews are basically perennial herbaceous plants, natural things like temperate sundews, pygmy basically 1 and 100 cm (0.39 and 39.37 in) in height, sundews, subtropical sundews, tuberous sundews depending on the species. In the case of Drosera and the petiolaris complex (12). Geographical erythrogyne heights is up to 3 m (9.8 ft) because it is distribution shows that Drosera species has been a climbing species (10). The name Drosera is derived spared in some parts of the Northeastern region, from the Greek word meaning ‘dewdrops’. These Deccan peninsular region, Southern India and along plants usually show remarkable tolerance to high- regions in West Bengal (13, 14). Geographical stress habitats and have acquired adequate research proposed that three species of Drosera was reproductive property on the evolutionary trend for found in India i.e., D. burmaniiVahl., D. indica L. and International Journal of Pharmacy and Biological Sciences Tanmoy Sinha* et al 597 www.ijpbs.com or www.ijpbsonline.com ISSN: 2230-7605 (Online); ISSN: 2321-3272 (Print) Int J Pharm Biol Sci. D. peltata and among them two are in Meghalaya whereas some other species of Drosera favor to grow i.e., D. burmanii and D. peltata. Evolution also in shaded environments like D. adelae, D prolifera, D. noticed in Drosera species according to temperature schizandra (7, 15). like D. burmaniiand D. peltata habited in deserts Fig-2: Photograph of Drosera sp was captured from Bolpur in West Bengal. Fig-3: Collection area of Drosera sp in India and west Bengal Major Phoytochemicals and their medicinal processes of liver disease. In this case recent study properties: proved that methanol extract of Drosera burmannii Based on the phytochemical research of different contributed to its iron chelation activity to reduce Drosera species, it has remarkable pharmacological the free iron activity. Various phyto-constituents, like and medicinal properties like: phenols, flavonoids, carbohydrates, tannins, A) Antioxidant activity: alkaloids and ascorbic acid are reported in Drosera Another research revealed that Drosera burmannii and as well as purpurin, catechin, tannic madagascarien flavonoids extracts like quercetin acid, reserpine, methyl gallate and rutin were found (IC50 0.8 μg/ml), hyperoside (IC50 0.15 μg/ml) and in Drosera burmanniiafter HPLC detection. These isoquercitrin (IC50 0.7 μg/ml) contributed in chemicals are excellent for iron chelatinization [17]. In- antioxidant activity [16]. Another research confined vitro study revealed that ethanolic extract was rich in that free iron typically leads to the formation of flavonoid than aqueous extract, which played import excess free radicals and additional iron deposition in role in cancer cell line by inhibiting the antioxidant the liver contributes to the oxidative pathologic activity of the cancer cell [18]. Further study on mice, International Journal of Pharmacy and Biological Sciences Tanmoy Sinha* et al 598 www.ijpbs.com or www.ijpbsonline.com ISSN: 2230-7605 (Online); ISSN: 2321-3272 (Print) Int J Pharm Biol Sci. also shown that ethanolic and aqueous extracts of plant species e.g. Drosera and Plumbago. Another Drosera burmanniia successfully inhibit the tumor research their said that plumbagin induces the cell ( in cancer cell line) through reducing some apoptosis in Her2-overexpressing breast cancers potential anti-oxident blood parameters like catalase through the mitochondrial-mediated pathway [23]. (CAT), superoxide dismutase (SOD), glutathione Another plumbagin mediated research proposed (GSH), malondialdehyde (MDA), peroxidase (P), that plumbagin induces apoptosis through gradually reduced the levels of all parameters [19] inactivation of NF-kB. Bcl-2 mediated pathway [24]. B) Anti-Inflammation Activity: D) Antimicrobial Activity: Regarding anti-inflammation research of Drosera Oral infection or carries mainly caused by the shown that Drosera rotundifolia and Drosera bacteria mainly Streptococcuss. Bacterial infection madagascariensis has anti-inflammation activity. In based research proved that oral pathological this research HPLC experiment showed that presence infections inhibited by extract of Drosera peltata. In of myricetin-3-O-galactoside, quercetin, ellagic acid. this study plumbagin obtained from Drosera peltata These chemicals possess anti-inflammatory by TLC method inhibit the growth of oral mechanism via their ability to inhibit reactive oxygen bacteriological infections gradually and shown higher or nitrogen compound [20]. Another study shown that MIC rate on Streptococcus mutans, Streptococcus quercetin extracts from Drosera peltataplaying sobrinus, Streptococcus rattus, Streptococcus import role in anti-inflammation activity
Load more

Recommended publications
  • "National List of Vascular Plant Species That Occur in Wetlands: 1996 National Summary."
    Intro 1996 National List of Vascular Plant Species That Occur in Wetlands The Fish and Wildlife Service has prepared a National List of Vascular Plant Species That Occur in Wetlands: 1996 National Summary (1996 National List). The 1996 National List is a draft revision of the National List of Plant Species That Occur in Wetlands: 1988 National Summary (Reed 1988) (1988 National List). The 1996 National List is provided to encourage additional public review and comments on the draft regional wetland indicator assignments. The 1996 National List reflects a significant amount of new information that has become available since 1988 on the wetland affinity of vascular plants. This new information has resulted from the extensive use of the 1988 National List in the field by individuals involved in wetland and other resource inventories, wetland identification and delineation, and wetland research. Interim Regional Interagency Review Panel (Regional Panel) changes in indicator status as well as additions and deletions to the 1988 National List were documented in Regional supplements. The National List was originally developed as an appendix to the Classification of Wetlands and Deepwater Habitats of the United States (Cowardin et al.1979) to aid in the consistent application of this classification system for wetlands in the field.. The 1996 National List also was developed to aid in determining the presence of hydrophytic vegetation in the Clean Water Act Section 404 wetland regulatory program and in the implementation of the swampbuster provisions of the Food Security Act. While not required by law or regulation, the Fish and Wildlife Service is making the 1996 National List available for review and comment.
    [Show full text]
  • Chapter 4. Experimental Pollinations Within and Between Members of the Drosera Peltata Complex (Droseraceae)
    Chapter 4. Experimental pollinations within and between members of the Drosera peltata complex (Droseraceae) 4.1 Introduction The study of plant breeding systems has taxonomic and evolutionary implications. Inter-taxon compatibility, measured by seed set following cross pollinations, has been used to define taxon limits. Individuals that are cross­ compatible and produce fertile offspring are considered to be conspecific, or belong to the same species, whereas those that do not are considered separate species. This is known as the biological species concept (Mayr and Ashlock 1991~ Mayr 1993). The phylogenetic species concept approach also defines taxa by their gene flow, and estimates evolutionary relationships between entities. It is considered that unimpeded gene flow occurs within species, but that reproductive barriers prevent gene flow between species (Mayr 1993). The nature and extent of these reproductive barriers are considered to be commensurate in scale to the evolutionary divergence between the taxa of interest (Nixon and Wheeler 1990). Reproductive isolation mechanisms may exist that prevent gene flow between indi vidual plants or plant populations. These mechanisms may operate prior to pollination, between pollination and fertilization or post-fertilisation (Levin 1971). For example, otherwise reproductively compatible taxa may grow allopatrically, or may be sympatric but with non-overlapping flowering seasons, which prevents gene flow. Sympatlic congeners may also have floral morphologies that allows access by some pollinators but not others, preventing heterospecific pollen transfer. Prezygotic reproductive barriers prevent heterospecific pollen from germinating on the stigmas, or chemically inhibit pollen tube growth in the style. Postzygotic reproductive barriers may occur so that hybrid zygotes fail to develop.
    [Show full text]
  • Status of Insectivorous Plants in Northeast India
    Technical Refereed Contribution Status of insectivorous plants in northeast India Praveen Kumar Verma • Shifting Cultivation Division • Rain Forest Research Institute • Sotai Ali • Deovan • Post Box # 136 • Jorhat 785 001 (Assam) • India • [email protected] Jan Schlauer • Zwischenstr. 11 • 60594 Frankfurt/Main • Germany • [email protected] Krishna Kumar Rawat • CSIR-National Botanical Research Institute • Rana Pratap Marg • Lucknow -226 001 (U.P) • India Krishna Giri • Shifting Cultivation Division • Rain Forest Research Institute • Sotai Ali • Deovan • Post Box #136 • Jorhat 785 001 (Assam) • India Keywords: Biogeography, India, diversity, Red List data. Introduction There are approximately 700 identified species of carnivorous plants placed in 15 genera of nine families of dicotyledonous plants (Albert et al. 1992; Ellison & Gotellli 2001; Fleischmann 2012; Rice 2006) (Table 1). In India, a total of five genera of carnivorous plants are reported with 44 species; viz. Utricularia (38 species), Drosera (3), Nepenthes (1), Pinguicula (1), and Aldrovanda (1) (Santapau & Henry 1976; Anonymous 1988; Singh & Sanjappa 2011; Zaman et al. 2011; Kamble et al. 2012). Inter- estingly, northeastern India is the home of all five insectivorous genera, namely Nepenthes (com- monly known as tropical pitcher plant), Drosera (sundew), Utricularia (bladderwort), Aldrovanda (waterwheel plant), and Pinguicula (butterwort) with a total of 21 species. The area also hosts the “ancestral false carnivorous” plant Plumbago zelayanica, often known as murderous plant. Climate Lowland to mid-altitude areas are characterized by subtropical climate (Table 2) with maximum temperatures and maximum precipitation (monsoon) in summer, i.e., May to September (in some places the highest temperatures are reached already in April), and average temperatures usually not dropping below 0°C in winter.
    [Show full text]
  • Brooklyn, Cloudland, Melsonby (Gaarraay)
    BUSH BLITZ SPECIES DISCOVERY PROGRAM Brooklyn, Cloudland, Melsonby (Gaarraay) Nature Refuges Eubenangee Swamp, Hann Tableland, Melsonby (Gaarraay) National Parks Upper Bridge Creek Queensland 29 April–27 May · 26–27 July 2010 Australian Biological Resources Study What is Contents Bush Blitz? Bush Blitz is a four-year, What is Bush Blitz? 2 multi-million dollar Abbreviations 2 partnership between the Summary 3 Australian Government, Introduction 4 BHP Billiton and Earthwatch Reserves Overview 6 Australia to document plants Methods 11 and animals in selected properties across Australia’s Results 14 National Reserve System. Discussion 17 Appendix A: Species Lists 31 Fauna 32 This innovative partnership Vertebrates 32 harnesses the expertise of many Invertebrates 50 of Australia’s top scientists from Flora 62 museums, herbaria, universities, Appendix B: Threatened Species 107 and other institutions and Fauna 108 organisations across the country. Flora 111 Appendix C: Exotic and Pest Species 113 Fauna 114 Flora 115 Glossary 119 Abbreviations ANHAT Australian Natural Heritage Assessment Tool EPBC Act Environment Protection and Biodiversity Conservation Act 1999 (Commonwealth) NCA Nature Conservation Act 1992 (Queensland) NRS National Reserve System 2 Bush Blitz survey report Summary A Bush Blitz survey was conducted in the Cape Exotic vertebrate pests were not a focus York Peninsula, Einasleigh Uplands and Wet of this Bush Blitz, however the Cane Toad Tropics bioregions of Queensland during April, (Rhinella marina) was recorded in both Cloudland May and July 2010. Results include 1,186 species Nature Refuge and Hann Tableland National added to those known across the reserves. Of Park. Only one exotic invertebrate species was these, 36 are putative species new to science, recorded, the Spiked Awlsnail (Allopeas clavulinus) including 24 species of true bug, 9 species of in Cloudland Nature Refuge.
    [Show full text]
  • Drosera Indica L
    Available online at www.ijpcr.com International Journal of Pharmaceutical and Clinical Research 2017; 9(5): 386-392 doi: 10.25258/ijpcr.v9i5.8601 ISSN- 0975 1556 Research Article In Vitro Preliminary Phytochemical Screening and Free Radical Scavenging Ability of Drosera indica L. K R Asha1, S Hemmalakshmi1, S Priyanga1, K Devaki1,2* 1Department of Biochemistry, Karpagam University, Coimbatore- 641 021 2Department of Bioinformatics, Karpagam University, Coimbatore- 641 021 Available Online: 25th May, 2017 ABSTRACT Aim: The present study is carried out to explore the preliminary phytochemical screening and free radical scavenging activity of the whole plant Drosera indica L. Methods: a) Phytochemical screening - The qualitative analysis of secondary metabolites is carried out by the standard qualitative methods. b) In vitro free radical scavenging activity of the ethanolic and aqueous extract of the whole plant Drosera indica L is used for the analysis .Various concentrations (100 – 500mcg/ml) of the ethanol and aqueous extracts of Drosera indica L. are used in the various antioxidant assay methods such as reducing power, ferric reducing antioxidant power assay (FRAP), nitric oxide (NO) radical,2,2’ azinobis-3 ethylbenzothiozoline-6 sulfonic acid (ABTS+) radical, hydroxyl radical (OH.), 1,1-diphenyl-2-picryl hydroxyl (DPPH) radical , super oxide radical and hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) is carried out with the standard protocols. In all the assays ascorbic acid is used as the standard antioxidant. Results: Phytochemical screening of the plants reveal the presence of numerous chemicals including flavanoids, tannins, polyphenols, cardiac glycosides and saponins. The ethanolic extract of Drosera indica L. shows better ability to scavenge ,1,1-diphenyl-2-picryl hydroxyl( DPPH)radical, hydroxyl radical, hydrogen peroxide, nitric oxide radical and superoxide radical.
    [Show full text]
  • Butterfly Plant List
    Butterfly Plant List Butterflies and moths (Lepidoptera) go through what is known as a * This list of plants is seperated by host (larval/caterpilar stage) "complete" lifecycle. This means they go through metamorphosis, and nectar (Adult feeding stage) plants. Note that plants under the where there is a period between immature and adult stages where host stage are consumed by the caterpillars as they mature and the insect forms a protective case/cocoon or pupae in order to form their chrysalis. Most caterpilars and mothswill form their transform into its adult/reproductive stage. In butterflies this case cocoon on the host plant. is called a Chrysilas and can come in various shapes, textures, and colors. Host Plants/Larval Stage Perennials/Annuals Vines Common Name Scientific Common Name Scientific Aster Asteracea spp. Dutchman's pipe Aristolochia durior Beard Tongue Penstamon spp. Passion vine Passiflora spp. Bleeding Heart Dicentra spp. Wisteria Wisteria sinensis Butterfly Weed Asclepias tuberosa Dill Anethum graveolens Shrubs Common Fennel Foeniculum vulgare Common Name Scientific Common Foxglove Digitalis purpurea Cape Plumbago Plumbago auriculata Joe-Pye Weed Eupatorium purpureum Hibiscus Hibiscus spp. Garden Nasturtium Tropaeolum majus Mallow Malva spp. Parsley Petroselinum crispum Rose Rosa spp. Snapdragon Antirrhinum majus Senna Cassia spp. Speedwell Veronica spp. Spicebush Lindera benzoin Spider Flower Cleome hasslerana Spirea Spirea spp. Sunflower Helianthus spp. Viburnum Viburnum spp. Swamp Milkweed Asclepias incarnata Trees Trees Common Name Scientific Common Name Scientific Birch Betula spp. Pine Pinus spp. Cherry and Plum Prunus spp. Sassafrass Sassafrass albidum Citrus Citrus spp. Sweet Bay Magnolia virginiana Dogwood Cornus spp. Sycamore Platanus spp. Hawthorn Crataegus spp.
    [Show full text]
  • Structure, Biology and Chemistry of Plumbago Auriculata (Plumbaginaceae)
    Structure, Biology and Chemistry of Plumbago auriculata (Plumbaginaceae) By Karishma Singh A dissertation submitted in partial fulfillment of the academic requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy in Biolgical Sciences School of Life Sciences College of Agriculture, Engineering and Science University of Kwa-Zulu Natal Westville Durban South Africa 30 November 2017 i DEDICATION To my daughter Ardraya Naidoo, she has given me the strength and encouragement to excel and be a positive role model for her. “Laying Down the Footsteps She Can Be Proud To Follow” ii ABSTRACT Plumbago auriculata Lam. is endemic to South Africa and is often cultivated for its ornamental and medicinal uses throughout the world. Belonging to the family Plumbaginaceae this species contains specialized secretory structures on the leaves and calyces. This study focused on the micromorphological, chemical and biological aspects of the species. Micromorphological studies revealed the presence of salt glands on the adaxial and abaxial surface of leaves and two types of trichomes on the calyces. “Transefer cells” were reported for the first time in the genus. The secretory process of the salt glands was further enhanced by the presence of mitochondria, ribosomes, vacuoles, dictyosomes and rough endoplasmic reticulum cisternae. Histochemical and phytochemical studies revealed the presence of important secondary metabolites that possess many medicinal properties which were further analyzed by Gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MC) identifying the composition of compounds in the leaf and calyx extracts. A novel attempt at synthesizing silver nanoparticles proved leaf and calyx extracts to be efficient reducing and capping agents that further displayed good antibacterial activity against gram- positive and gram-negative bacteria.
    [Show full text]
  • Vascular Flora of the Possum Walk Trail at the Infinity Science Center, Hancock County, Mississippi
    The University of Southern Mississippi The Aquila Digital Community Honors Theses Honors College Spring 5-2016 Vascular Flora of the Possum Walk Trail at the Infinity Science Center, Hancock County, Mississippi Hanna M. Miller University of Southern Mississippi Follow this and additional works at: https://aquila.usm.edu/honors_theses Part of the Biodiversity Commons, and the Botany Commons Recommended Citation Miller, Hanna M., "Vascular Flora of the Possum Walk Trail at the Infinity Science Center, Hancock County, Mississippi" (2016). Honors Theses. 389. https://aquila.usm.edu/honors_theses/389 This Honors College Thesis is brought to you for free and open access by the Honors College at The Aquila Digital Community. It has been accepted for inclusion in Honors Theses by an authorized administrator of The Aquila Digital Community. For more information, please contact [email protected]. The University of Southern Mississippi Vascular Flora of the Possum Walk Trail at the Infinity Science Center, Hancock County, Mississippi by Hanna Miller A Thesis Submitted to the Honors College of The University of Southern Mississippi in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirement for the Degree of Bachelor of Science in the Department of Biological Sciences May 2016 ii Approved by _________________________________ Mac H. Alford, Ph.D., Thesis Adviser Professor of Biological Sciences _________________________________ Shiao Y. Wang, Ph.D., Chair Department of Biological Sciences _________________________________ Ellen Weinauer, Ph.D., Dean Honors College iii Abstract The North American Coastal Plain contains some of the highest plant diversity in the temperate world. However, most of the region has remained unstudied, resulting in a lack of knowledge about the unique plant communities present there.
    [Show full text]
  • Colchicine Induction of Tetraploid and Octaploid Drosera Strains from D. Rotundifolia and D. Anglica
    © 2021 The Japan Mendel Society Cytologia 86(1): 21–28 Colchicine Induction of Tetraploid and Octaploid Drosera Strains from D. rotundifolia and D. anglica Yoshikazu Hoshi1*, Yuki Homan1 and Takahiro Katogi2 1 Department of Plant Science, School of Agriculture, Tokai University, 9–1–1 Toroku, Higashi-ku, Kumamoto 862–8652, Japan 2 Graduate School of Agriculture, Tokai University, 9–1–1 Toroku, Higashi-ku, Kumamoto 862–8652, Japan Received September 21, 2020; accepted October 15, 2020 Summary Artificial tetraploid and octaploid strains were induced from the wild species of Drosera rotundifolia (2n=2x=20) and D. anglica (2n=4x=40), respectively. The optimal condition of colchicine-treatments for poly- ploid inductions was determined first. A flow cytometry (FCM) analysis showed that the highest mixoploid score of D. rotundifolia was 20% in the treatment of 0.3% for 2 days (d), or 0.5% for 3 d, while the highest mixoploid score of D. anglica was 20% in the treatment of 0.5% for 2 d. Next, to remove chimeric cells, adventitious bud inductions were carried out using the FCM-selected individuals in both species. One strain from a total of 360 colchicine-treated leaf explants in each species had pure chromosome-double numbers of 2n=40 (tetraploid) in D. rotundifolia and 2n=80 (octaploid) in D. anglica. In both species, the guard cell sizes of the chromosome- doubled strains were larger than those of the wild types. The leaves of the chromosome-doubled strains of D. ro- tundifolia were larger than those of the wild diploid D. rotundifolia, while the leaves of the chromosome-doubled strains of D.
    [Show full text]
  • The First Record of the Boreal Bog Species Drosera Rotundifolia (Droseraceae) from the Philippines, and a Key to the Philippine Sundews
    Blumea 61, 2016: 24–28 www.ingentaconnect.com/content/nhn/blumea RESEARCH ARTICLE http://dx.doi.org/10.3767/000651916X691330 The first record of the boreal bog species Drosera rotundifolia (Droseraceae) from the Philippines, and a key to the Philippine sundews F.P. Coritico1, A. Fleischmann2 Key words Abstract Drosera rotundifolia, a species of the temperate Northern Hemisphere with a disjunct occurrence in high montane West Papua, has been discovered in a highland peat bog on Mt Limbawon, Pantaron Range, Bukidnon carnivorous plants on the island of Mindanao, Philippines, which mediates to the only other known tropical, Southern Hemisphere Drosera location in New Guinea and the closest known northern populations in southern Japan and south-eastern China. Droseraceae A dichotomous key to the seven Drosera species of the Philippines is given, and distribution maps are provided. Malesia Mindanao Published on 15 March 2016 Northern Hemisphere - Tropics disjunction Philippines INTRODUCTION Drosera rotundifolia L. (the generic type) is a temperate, winter dormant species that is widespread in the Northern The Philippines are rich in carnivorous plants, with about 47 Hemisphere, from Pacific North America across large parts of species known from the islands, most of which belong to the northern America and Europe to Siberia and the Kamchatka pitcher plant genus Nepenthes L. This genus has more than 30 Peninsula, South Korea and Japan. It is the Drosera spe- species in the Philippines, all except Nepenthes mirabilis (Lour.) cies covering the largest range, spanning the entire Northern Druce endemic to the country. Most species occur on Mindanao Hemisphere from 180° Western Longitude to about 180° East, and Palawan, while several are confined to a single highland however, not forming a continuous circumboreal range (Diels or even mountain peak (Robinson et al.
    [Show full text]
  • Carnivorous Plant Newsletter V44 N4 December 2015
    Technical Refereed Contribution Several pygmy Sundew species possess catapult-flypaper traps with repetitive function, indicating a possible evolutionary change into aquatic snap traps similar to Aldrovanda Siegfried R. H. Hartmeyer and Irmgard Hartmeyer • Weil am Rhein • Germany • s.hartmeyer@ t-online.de • www.hartmeyer.de Keywords: Drosera, pygmy Sundew, Aldrovanda, Dionaea, Droseraceae, Collembola, carnivorous plant, catapult-flypaper trap, snap trap, snap-tentacle, functional morphology, phylogeny. Abstract: Approximately 50 species of pygmy Sundews (genus Drosera, section Bryastrum) occur in the South of Australia and one each in New Zealand (D. pygmaea) and Venezuela (D. meristo- caulis). They grow mainly as small stemless rosettes possessing minute trapping leaves of 1-2 mm diameter with prominent marginal tentacles, or have elongated erect stems. The caulescent species possess only mucus-producing tentacles that are most effective in capturing small flying insects. The acaulescent species in contrast are specialized on crawling prey (Verbeek & Boasson 1993) and have developed mucus-free snap-tentacles (Fig. 1), able to bend surprisingly rapidly towards the leaf center. They lift prey like, e.g. springtails (Collembola) from the ground and carry it with a 180°-movement from the periphery of the plant onto the sticky leaf. Our examinations brought to light that several small species of section Bryastrum are able to catapult small animals even within fractions of a second. If the whole leaf is touched, several or even all marginal tentacles perform such bending movements simultaneously. We documented this behavior on video, featured on our film “Catapults in Pygmyland” on YouTube (www.youtube.com/watch?v=5k7GYGibdjM). Our results prove that more than only one species in the genus Drosera possess rapidly moving catapult-flypaper traps and that the examined pygmy catapults show a further specialization and function repeatedly (in contrast to the one-shot snap tentacles of D.
    [Show full text]
  • Species Accounts
    Species accounts The list of species that follows is a synthesis of all the botanical knowledge currently available on the Nyika Plateau flora. It does not claim to be the final word in taxonomic opinion for every plant group, but will provide a sound basis for future work by botanists, phytogeographers, and reserve managers. It should also serve as a comprehensive plant guide for interested visitors to the two Nyika National Parks. By far the largest body of information was obtained from the following nine publications: • Flora zambesiaca (current ed. G. Pope, 1960 to present) • Flora of Tropical East Africa (current ed. H. Beentje, 1952 to present) • Plants collected by the Vernay Nyasaland Expedition of 1946 (Brenan & collaborators 1953, 1954) • Wye College 1972 Malawi Project Final Report (Brummitt 1973) • Resource inventory and management plan for the Nyika National Park (Mill 1979) • The forest vegetation of the Nyika Plateau: ecological and phenological studies (Dowsett-Lemaire 1985) • Biosearch Nyika Expedition 1997 report (Patel 1999) • Biosearch Nyika Expedition 2001 report (Patel & Overton 2002) • Evergreen forest flora of Malawi (White, Dowsett-Lemaire & Chapman 2001) We also consulted numerous papers dealing with specific families or genera and, finally, included the collections made during the SABONET Nyika Expedition. In addition, botanists from K and PRE provided valuable input in particular plant groups. Much of the descriptive material is taken directly from one or more of the works listed above, including information regarding habitat and distribution. A single illustration accompanies each genus; two illustrations are sometimes included in large genera with a wide morphological variance (for example, Lobelia).
    [Show full text]