International Journal of Pharmacy and Biological Sciences-IJPBSTM (2019) 9 (1): 596-601 Online ISSN: 2230-7605, Print ISSN: 2321-3272 Research Article | Biological Sciences | Open Access | MCI Approved UGC Approved Journal Drosera Sp: A Critical Review on Phytochemical and Ethnomedicinal Aspect Rakesh Goswami1, Tanmoy Sinha2* and Kishore Ghosh3 1 Department of Bio-Chemistry, Vidyasagar University, Medinipur, West Bengal 721102. 2 Department of Botany, Cytogenetic and Molecular Biology Section, University of Burdwan. 3Department of Botany, University of Burdwan. Received: 10 Oct 2018/ Accepted: 8 Nov 2018/ Published online: 01Jan 2019 Corresponding Author Email: [email protected] Abstract Day by day medicinal plant research and their phytometabolites drawing interest in medical sciences due to loyal medicinal and pharmacological values. Drosera is a very well-known insectivorous plant and it is consists of near about 170 species throughout the world. Phytochemical profiling of this species has revealed the presence of highly valuable phytochemicals like Quercetin, Hyperoside, Isoquercitrin and Naphthoquinones etc. We utilized logical writing and scientific literature from electronic search engine such as Spinger link, science direct, Pub Med, Scopus and BioMed central as well as relevant books, websites, scientific publications and dissertation as a source of information. According to recent research information, these compounds are strongly associated with anti-cancerous, anti- microbial and also anti-inflammatory activities. This review intends to investigate the published report regarding phytochemicals, ethnomedicinal and pharmacological viewpoints and put forth the therapeutic potential of Drosera. Future research can be directed to extensive investigation about phytochemistry, clinical trials and pharmacokinetics acquiring safety data so as to add new dimensions to therapeutic utilization of Drosera. Keywords Drosera, Phytometabolites, Medicinal values. ***** INTRODUCTION Sm.ex. Wild have been reported at different Drosera or Sundew plant is a very well-known locations. It has been reported that these species insectivorous plant and as well as medicinal plant, have highly therapeutic properties like recovery of consists of approximately 170 species in all over the memory loss, overall body weakness, improvement world. In India Drosera indica L. family-Droseraceae, of defective eyesight, and help in fertilization in Drosera burmannii Vahl and Drosera peltata J.E. human and also curing of early aging etc [1]. Charles DOI: https://doi.org/10.21276/ijpbs.2019.9.1.76 Tanmoy Sinha* et al 596 www.ijpbs.comor www.ijpbsonline.com ISSN: 2230-7605 (Online); ISSN: 2321-3272 (Print) Int J Pharm Biol Sci. Darwin discovered the carnivorous nature of other 4. Bladder traps suck in prey with a bladder that Drosera species, wrote: “At this present moment I generates an internal vacuum. care more about Drosera than the origin of all the 5. Lobster-pots, also known as eel traps, force prey species in the world”. Basic research says that to move towards a digestive organ with inward- Droseraceae is a small family of mostly herbaceous pointing hairs [5]. plants with potential medicinal values. Glandular hair Naturally Drosera has various potential medicinal of this plant plays major role to catch the insects and components like naphthoquinones and plambagin, make digestion the tissues of insects with proper ramentaceone etc. Another study revealed that enzymes. [2, 3]. Among the genus – Droseramagnifica naphthoquinones and ramentaceone has is the largest carnivorous plant in the world [4]. potentialanti-cancer activity, to destroy the breast Various researches proved that carnivores a plant cancer cell in proper way. As per another research have some basic mechanism which helps to catch the plambagin derivatives also used for healing, insects properly. The insect trapping mechanisms are hyperglysamia, malaria, hypolipidemia etc (6, 7). LC– as follows:- NMR, NMR and LC–MS and LC–DAD quantification 1. Pitfall traps (pitcher plants) trap prey in a rolled study on Drosera peltata reported presence of leaf that contains a pool of digestive enzymes or flavonoids and ellagic acid. Ellagicacid also plays an bacteria. important role in oxidative stress through reducing 2. Flypaper traps use sticky mucilage. mechanism [8, 9]. So as per research it can be say that 3. Snap traps utilize rapid leaf movements. Drosera has various valuable chemical components which can be uses in human welfare. Anti-inflammation Anti- Cancer Anti-Oxidant DROSERA SP Anti-Microbial Fig-1: Schematic diagram of role of Drosera in human health Morphological and Geographical description of their future survival (11). According to different Drosera species: habits Drosera species can be divided in to five Sundews are basically perennial herbaceous plants, natural things like temperate sundews, pygmy basically 1 and 100 cm (0.39 and 39.37 in) in height, sundews, subtropical sundews, tuberous sundews depending on the species. In the case of Drosera and the petiolaris complex (12). Geographical erythrogyne heights is up to 3 m (9.8 ft) because it is distribution shows that Drosera species has been a climbing species (10). The name Drosera is derived spared in some parts of the Northeastern region, from the Greek word meaning ‘dewdrops’. These Deccan peninsular region, Southern India and along plants usually show remarkable tolerance to high- regions in West Bengal (13, 14). Geographical stress habitats and have acquired adequate research proposed that three species of Drosera was reproductive property on the evolutionary trend for found in India i.e., D. burmaniiVahl., D. indica L. and International Journal of Pharmacy and Biological Sciences Tanmoy Sinha* et al 597 www.ijpbs.com or www.ijpbsonline.com ISSN: 2230-7605 (Online); ISSN: 2321-3272 (Print) Int J Pharm Biol Sci. D. peltata and among them two are in Meghalaya whereas some other species of Drosera favor to grow i.e., D. burmanii and D. peltata. Evolution also in shaded environments like D. adelae, D prolifera, D. noticed in Drosera species according to temperature schizandra (7, 15). like D. burmaniiand D. peltata habited in deserts Fig-2: Photograph of Drosera sp was captured from Bolpur in West Bengal. Fig-3: Collection area of Drosera sp in India and west Bengal Major Phoytochemicals and their medicinal processes of liver disease. In this case recent study properties: proved that methanol extract of Drosera burmannii Based on the phytochemical research of different contributed to its iron chelation activity to reduce Drosera species, it has remarkable pharmacological the free iron activity. Various phyto-constituents, like and medicinal properties like: phenols, flavonoids, carbohydrates, tannins, A) Antioxidant activity: alkaloids and ascorbic acid are reported in Drosera Another research revealed that Drosera burmannii and as well as purpurin, catechin, tannic madagascarien flavonoids extracts like quercetin acid, reserpine, methyl gallate and rutin were found (IC50 0.8 μg/ml), hyperoside (IC50 0.15 μg/ml) and in Drosera burmanniiafter HPLC detection. These isoquercitrin (IC50 0.7 μg/ml) contributed in chemicals are excellent for iron chelatinization [17]. In- antioxidant activity [16]. Another research confined vitro study revealed that ethanolic extract was rich in that free iron typically leads to the formation of flavonoid than aqueous extract, which played import excess free radicals and additional iron deposition in role in cancer cell line by inhibiting the antioxidant the liver contributes to the oxidative pathologic activity of the cancer cell [18]. Further study on mice, International Journal of Pharmacy and Biological Sciences Tanmoy Sinha* et al 598 www.ijpbs.com or www.ijpbsonline.com ISSN: 2230-7605 (Online); ISSN: 2321-3272 (Print) Int J Pharm Biol Sci. also shown that ethanolic and aqueous extracts of plant species e.g. Drosera and Plumbago. Another Drosera burmanniia successfully inhibit the tumor research their said that plumbagin induces the cell ( in cancer cell line) through reducing some apoptosis in Her2-overexpressing breast cancers potential anti-oxident blood parameters like catalase through the mitochondrial-mediated pathway [23]. (CAT), superoxide dismutase (SOD), glutathione Another plumbagin mediated research proposed (GSH), malondialdehyde (MDA), peroxidase (P), that plumbagin induces apoptosis through gradually reduced the levels of all parameters [19] inactivation of NF-kB. Bcl-2 mediated pathway [24]. B) Anti-Inflammation Activity: D) Antimicrobial Activity: Regarding anti-inflammation research of Drosera Oral infection or carries mainly caused by the shown that Drosera rotundifolia and Drosera bacteria mainly Streptococcuss. Bacterial infection madagascariensis has anti-inflammation activity. In based research proved that oral pathological this research HPLC experiment showed that presence infections inhibited by extract of Drosera peltata. In of myricetin-3-O-galactoside, quercetin, ellagic acid. this study plumbagin obtained from Drosera peltata These chemicals possess anti-inflammatory by TLC method inhibit the growth of oral mechanism via their ability to inhibit reactive oxygen bacteriological infections gradually and shown higher or nitrogen compound [20]. Another study shown that MIC rate on Streptococcus mutans, Streptococcus quercetin extracts from Drosera peltataplaying sobrinus, Streptococcus rattus, Streptococcus import role in anti-inflammation activity