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Singapore Supernatural.Indd SINGAPORE SUPERNATURE SINGAPUR SUPER NATURALEZA Rob Gregory iat EDIT ON LINE MARZO 2018 IAT EDIT ON LINE Tomado de: The Architectural Review November 2008 Págs 68-71 2 INSTITUTO DE ARQUITECTURA TROPICAL Despite huge land values Singapore prioritises ladscape, A pesar del altísimo precio del terreno, Singapur prioriza setting aside hundreds of hectares of reclaimed land for el paisajismo, separando cientos de hectáreas de terreno public gardens. recuperado para jardines públicos. Singapore is competing for status as a global Singapur está compitiendo para ser considerada destination. Under pressure from rapidly emer- un destino global. Presionada por la vertiginosa ging Chinese cities, the island country is pulling emergencia de las ciudades chinas, el país isla, out all the stops: last month saw the world’s first está saltando todos los obstáculos: albergó la floodlit Formula One race, with lamps installed mundialmente famosa carrera de autos Fórmula every four meters of the five-kilometer track, bri Uno, con lámparas cada cuatro metros de los nging the event in sync with the world’s prime 5 kilómetros del recorrido, sincronizado con las time TV audiences and avoiding the almost un- audiencias prime time de TV del mundo, y evitan- bearable conditions of midday tropical climate. do las casi imposibles condiciones climáticas al mediodía en el trópico. Elsewhere, vast infrastructure projects mark the city’s growing ambitions with the reclamation of Por todos lados, proyectos enormes de infraes- hundreds of hectares of land to provide valuable tructura señalan las ambiciones de esta ciudad en waterside sites for both public and private develo- crecimiento con el reclamo de cientos de hectá- pment. reas de terreno para proveer lotes costeros para desarrollos tanto del sector público como privado. In 2006, Grant Associates (landscape architects of the 2008 Stirling Prize winning Accordia housing En el 2006, Grant Associates(arquitectos paisajis- development in Cambridge) assembled an tas que ganaron el Premio Stirling 2008 por el impressive team which won the competition to desarrollo Habitacional Acordia, en Cambridge) design one of Singapore’s most ambitious pro- reunieron a un equipo impresionante que ganó el jects, the Gardens by the Bay, Marina South, on concurso para diseñar uno de los proyectos más one such reclaimed site.The project is not a hi- ambiciosos de Singapur - The Gardens by the gh-density group of high-rise buildings, however, Bay; Marina South-, en uno de estos terrenos. El but rather a high-density, high-rise and extremely proyecto no es un grupo denso de rascacielos, intensive landscape park, commissioned by the sino un denso y alto, extremadamente intenso country’s Nacional Parks Board. parque, comisionado por el National Parks Board. Working with architect Wilkinson Eyre, structural Inspirado en las orquídeas, planta emblemática engineer Atelier One, environmental engineer del país, Andrew Grant fundador de Grant Asso- Atelier Ten, interpretation consultants Land, quan- ciates, trabajó con el arquitecto Wilkinson Eyre, tity surveyor Davis Langdon & Seah, and infra- con los ingenieros estructurales Atelier ONE, con structure consultants Meinhardt, founder of Grant los ingenieros ambientales Atelier TEN, con los Associates Andrew Grant took inspiration from the consultores de Interpretación Land, el supervisor orchid, the plant that has become emblematic of de cantidad David Langdon & Seah y los consul- Singapore itself. tores en infraestructura Meinhart. Orchids are epiphytic, that is a plant that grows Las orquídeas son plantas epífitas, que crecen above the ground surface, using other planes sobre la superficie, utilizando otros objetos o or objects for support in order to reach positions plantas como soporte para alcanzar lugares don- where the light is better or where they can avoid de tiene mejor luz o donde puede evitar la com- competition for light. petencia por la luz. 3 IAT EDIT ON LINE Grant explains the evolution of his masterplan Grant explica la evolución de su plan maestro with five key diagrams related to the orchid: the con 5 diagramas claves, relacionados con la garden takes root on a piece of new infrastructure orquídea: el jardín se enraíza en una pieza de and grows towards the city; leaves (earthworks) nueva infraestructura y crece hacia la ciudad; and roots (water, energy, communication sys- las hojas (trabajos en la tierra) y las raíces (agua, tems) and shoots (paths, roads and links) create energía, sistemas de comunicación) y brotes an integrated network across the park, into which (senderos, caminos y uniones) crean una red beautiful flowers (feature/theme gardens) emerge integrada a través del parque, en la cual hermo- at key intersections. sas flores (tema del parque) emergen en cruces estratégicos. Rising between 25 and SO meters high, and loosely inspired by the visionary scenes of Stu- Elevándose entre 25 y 50 metros de altura e dio Ghibli, the ‘super trees’ are the most promi- inspirados por las visionarias escenas del Studio nent landscape feature, described by Grant as a Ghibli, los “super árboles” son el elemento más fusion of nature, art and technology. Conceived prominente del paisajismo descrito por Grant as vertical tropical gardens, dripping with ferns, como fusión de naturaleza, arte y tecnología. orchids and climbers, they also act as the envi- Concebido como un jardín tropical vertical, con ronmental engines for the gardens, equipped with helechos colgantes, orquídeas y trepadoras, tam- photovoltaics, solar thermal collectors, rainwater bién actúan como máquinas ambientales para harvesting devices and venting duct. los jardines, equipados con colectores solares y fotovoltaicos, colectores de agua de lluvia y duc- Work on the 54 hectare park is proceeding at tos de ventilación. breakneck speed. Starting on site just six months after the competition result was announced, the Trabajo en 54 hectáreas a un ritmo forzado, el team are busily preparing tender documentation, cual se empezó apenas seis meses luego de ha- with a completion target at the end of 2010, and a berse adjudicado el concurso, el equipo se puso public opening planned in 2011 . una meta de completarlo en el 2010 y abrirlo al público en el 2011. 4 INSTITUTO DE ARQUITECTURA TROPICAL 5 IAT EDIT ON LINE 6 INSTITUTO DE ARQUITECTURA TROPICAL Gardens by the Bay Jardines de la bahía From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia De Wikipedia, la enciclopedia libre The Supertree Grove at Gardens by the Bay The Supertree Grove en Gardens by the Bay Type Nature park Tipo Parque natural Location Marina Bay, Singapore Ubicación Marina Bay, Singapur Coordinates 1°17′4.97″N 103°51′53.86″E Coordenadas 1 ° 17’4.97 “N 103 ° 51’53.86” E Area 101 hectares (250 acres) Área 101 hectáreas (250 acres) Created 2009 Creado 2009 Operated by Gardens by the Bay Operado por Gardens by the Bay Visitors 8.8 million (FY 2015/16) Visitantes 8.8 millones (año fiscal 2015/16) Gardens by the Bay is a nature park spanning 101 hectares Gardens by the Bay es un parque natural que abarca 101 (250 acres) of reclaimed land in central Singapore, adja- hectáreas (250 acres) de tierra recuperada en el centro de cent to the Marina Reservoir. The park consists of three Singapur, junto al embalse Marina. El parque consta de waterfront gardens: Bay South Garden, Bay East Garden tres jardines frente al mar: Bay South Garden, Bay East and Bay Central Garden. The largest of the gardens is Bay Garden y Bay Central Garden. El más grande de los jardi- South Garden at 54 hectares (130 acres). nes es Bay South Garden en 54 hectáreas (130 acres). Gardens by the Bay is part of a strategy by the Singapore Gardens by the Bay es parte de una estrategia del gobier- government to transform Singapore from a "Garden City" to no de Singapur para transformar a Singapur de una “ciu- a "City in a Garden". The stated aim is to raise the quality dad jardín” a una “ciudad en un jardín”. El objetivo declara- of life by enhancing greenery and flora in the city. do es mejorar la calidad de vida mejorando la vegetación y la flora de la ciudad. First announced by the Prime Minister, Lee Hsien Loong, at the National Day Rally in 2005, Gardens by the Bay was Anunciado por primera vez por el Primer Ministro, Lee intended to be Singapore's premier urban outdoor recrea- Hsien Loong, en el National Day Rally en 2005, Gardens tion space, and a national icon. by the Bay fue el principal espacio de recreación urbano al aire libre de Singapur, y un ícono nacional. In 2006, an international competition for the design of the park was held, attracting more than 70 entries submitted by En 2006, se realizó una competencia internacional para el 170 firms from 24 countries. Two British firms – Grant Asso- diseño del parque, que atrajo a más de 70 participantes ciates and Dominic White – were awarded the contracts for presentados por 170 empresas de 24 países. Dos firmas the Bay South and Bay East Gardens respectively. británicas, Grant Associates y Dominic White, se adjudi- caron los contratos para Bay South y Bay East Gardens, Alongside the lead designers Grant Associates, the de- respectivamente. sign team for Bay South included Wilkinson Eyre, Atelier Ten (environmental design consultants) and Atelier One Junto a los diseñadores principales, Grant Associates, el (structural engineers). They were supported by a number of equipo de diseño de Bay South incluyó a Wilkinson Eyre, Singapore firms including CPG Consultants (architecture, Atelier Ten (consultores de diseño ambiental) y Atelier One civil and structural, mechanical and electrical), Meinhardt (ingenieros de estructuras). Contaban con el apoyo de Infrastructure (civil and structural), Langdon & Seah (cost varias empresas de Singapur, entre ellas CPG Consultants consultants) and PMLink (project management). (arquitectura, civil y estructural, mecánica y eléctrica), Meinhardt Infrastructure (civil y estructural), Langdon & The park is quite popular, with 6.4 million visitors in 2014, Seah (consultores de costos) y PMLink (gestión de proyec- and it had the 20 millionth visitor in November 2015.
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