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Building Shape Ontology Organising, Visualising and Presenting Building Shape with Digital Tools

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Building Shape Ontology Organising, Visualising and Presenting Building Shape with Digital Tools Diplomarbeit Building Shape Ontology Organising, Visualising and Presenting Building Shape with Digital Tools ausgeführt zum Zwecke der Erlangung des akademischen Grades eines Diplom – Ingenieurs unter gemeinsamer Leitung von o. Prof. DDI Wolfgang Winter Prof. DI Vinzenz Sedlak MPhil Institut für Architekturwissenschaften Institut für Architekturwissenschaften Tragwerksplanung und Ingenieurholzbau Tragwerksplanung und Ingenieurholzbau eingereicht an der Technischen Universität Wien Fakultät für Architektur von Philipp Jurewicz Matrikelnummer 9726081 Ruffinistr. 11a, 80637 München, Deutschland Wien, den _________________ _______________________________ Building Shape Ontology Organising, Visualising and Presenting Building Shape with Digital Tools Ontologie der Gebäudeform Organisation, Visualisierung und Darstellung von Gebäudeformen mit digitalen Mitteln Abstract (English) Choice of building shape is a central aspect of architectural design and often the starting point of interaction between architect and engineer designer. Existing sources to building shape were reviewed and the basic organisational layout identified. Connection points and overlapping sections between approaches were the starting point for a new meta classifica­ tion. A conceptual “building shape ontology“ describes building shape in a manner which is human readable and by using semantic mark up also “interpretable“ for knowledge-base soft­ ware applications. The shape ontology tries not only to sort building shape but also capture meaning and semantics of the field of interest. This is mainly an integration project and is based on established approaches. It only adds new content where the focus on the architec­ tural domain requires it. A foundation of a unified visualisation library with three dimension­ al models/renderings and two dimensional illustrations accompanies the text based ontology. A web application combines the organisation with the visualisation and serves as the present­ ation layer of this thesis. Kurzzusammenfassung (Deutsch) Die Wahl der Gebäudeform ist ein zentraler Aspekt des Architekturentwurfes und dient oft als Ausgangspunkt in der Zusammenarbeit zwischen Architekt und Ingenieur. Bestehende Quellen zum Thema Gebäudeform wurden analysiert und ihre grundlegende Organisation identifiziert. Verbindungspunkte und überlappende Abschnitte der Ansätze begründen den Ausgangspunkt für eine neue Meta-Klassifikation. Eine konzeptionelle „Ontologie der Ge­ bäudeform“ beschreibt die Gebäudeform in einer Weise, die zum einen von Menschen lesbar und zum anderen mit technischen Markierungen auch für Wissensdatenbank-Software inter­ pretierbar ist. Die Ontologie versucht dabei nicht nur Gebäudeformen zu sortieren sondern auch ihre Bedeutung und Semantik zu erfassen. Dies ist ein Integrationsprojekt, welches auf bestehende Ansätzen aufbaut und neue Inhalte nur dort hinzufügt wo es der Fokus auf den Bereich Architektur nötig macht. Eine Grundlage für eine einheitliche Visualisierungsbiblio­ thek mit dreidimensionalen Modellen und Renderings als auch zweidimensionalen Illustra­ tionen begleitet die textbasierte Ontologie. Eine Internetanwendung kombiniert die Organisation mit der Visualisierung und dient als Darstellungsebene für die Ergebnisse dieser Diplomarbeit. Table of Contents Introduction............................................................................................................................................ 6 Building Shape........................................................................................................................................ 9 1. Terminology.................................................................................................................................. 9 1.1. General Terms..................................................................................................................... 9 1.2. Knowledge Base Terms..................................................................................................... 9 1.3. Typography........................................................................................................................ 11 2. Background to this Project.......................................................................................................12 2.1. IL Stuttgart Resources......................................................................................................12 2.2. LSRU Resources................................................................................................................13 2.2.1. Mnemonic code........................................................................................................14 2.2.2. Shapes Table in the SDA Database...................................................................... 14 2.3. Surface Geometry Resources.......................................................................................... 15 2.4. Polyhedron Resources......................................................................................................16 2.5. Further Mathematical Resources....................................................................................17 3. Classification of Building Shape.............................................................................................. 18 3.1. Typology.............................................................................................................................18 3.2. Catalogue............................................................................................................................ 19 3.3. Project................................................................................................................................. 19 3.4. Shape Ontology.................................................................................................................22 3.5. Interdependencies............................................................................................................. 22 4. Shape Typologies....................................................................................................................... 24 4.1. General Typologies...........................................................................................................25 4.1.1. Arrangement............................................................................................................. 25 4.1.2. Proportion.................................................................................................................31 4.1.3. Surface........................................................................................................................32 4.1.4. Truncation.................................................................................................................35 4.2. Geometrical Typologies................................................................................................... 37 4.2.1. Geometry 2D Angle................................................................................................ 37 4.2.2. Geometry 2D Curve................................................................................................38 4.2.3. Geometry 3D Solid..................................................................................................39 4.2.4. Geometry 3D Surface..............................................................................................45 4.2.5. Geometry 3D Spatial Curves................................................................................. 48 5. Shape Catalogues........................................................................................................................49 5.1. SDA Building Shape Catalogue...................................................................................... 49 5.2. Possible Further Catalogues............................................................................................ 50 6. Projects Test Cases.................................................................................................................... 53 7. Digital Data Concepts............................................................................................................... 58 7.1. Tables, Hierarchies and Data Graphs............................................................................58 7.2. Ontologies and the Semantic Web.................................................................................59 7.3. How shape organisation benefits from data graphs....................................................62 8. Digital Media...............................................................................................................................63 Summary................................................................................................................................................ 66 Conclusion.............................................................................................................................................69 References............................................................................................................................................. 74 Appendix............................................................................................................................................... 77 1. Appendix A - Typologies..........................................................................................................77 2. Appendix B - Catalogues.........................................................................................................
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