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Biology Dictionary English - Khmer

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Biology Dictionary English - Khmer vcnanuRkm CIvviTüa Gg;eKøs-Exµr Biology Dictionary English - Khmer saklviTüal½yPUminÞPñMeBj ed)a:tWm:g; CIvviTüa e)aHBum<elIkTI 3 ¬EksMrYl¦ 2003 Preface to the Third Edition (Revised) This dictionary is the work of many teachers and some students in the Biology department of The Royal University of Phnom Penh. It has developed over the last three years in response to the need of Biology students to learn Biology from English text books. We have also tried to anticipate the future needs of Biology students and teachers in Cambodia. If they want to join the global scientific community; read scientific journals, listen to international media, attend international conferences or study outside Cambodia, then they will probably need to communicate in English. Therefore, the main aim of this book is to help Cambodian students and teachers at the university level to understand Biology in English. All languages evolve. In the past the main influence on Khmer language was French. Nowadays, it is increasingly English. Some technical terms have already been absorbed from French and have become Khmer. Nowadays new technical terms are usually created in English and are used around the world. Language is also created by those who use it and only exists when it is used. Therefore, common usage has also influenced our translation. We have tried to respond to these various influences when preparing this dictionary, so that it represents many different opinions - old and new, Francophile, Anglophile and Khmer. But there will always be some disagreement about the translation of some terms. This is normal and occurs in all languages. It is a healthy sign of a language that is actively growing. Since understanding Biology in English is the main aim of this dictionary, we have tried to use English that is suitable for second language speakers, and Khmer words whose meaning is easy to understand. For those words that are new to the English language, and could not be easily translated into Khmer, we have given Khmer spelling that will help with pronunciation. But we must remember that: the definitions of words can change over time eg. Mongolism is now Down’s Syndrome or Trisomy 21; there is sometimes more than one correct definition eg. wetland has a wide range of meaning ; and, different spellings can be correct eg feces = faeces. This book is an attempt to represent a consensus of current usage, but further change is inevitable. We hope that this book will become a useful reference for Cambodian students and teachers and assist them in accessing the wealth of information about Biology that is available in English. David Ford Advisor to Biology Department The Royal University of Phnom Penh 2002 Acknowledgements Many thanks to the following people for their hard work: Hap Sophorn (translation and editing), Hang Chan Thon (translation and editing), Men Noeun (translation), Khieng Sothy (translation). Also thanks to the following people for their assistance in specific subject areas: Thai Ieng Ly (anatomy), Thou Phorn (genetics), Ke Kuntheamealea (biochemistry), Kop Sokhom (vertebrates), and Kauv Samnang (invertebrates). Also thanks to Mr Peter Leth for his help in sorting the Khmer – English section. Finally, this book would not have been produced without the assistance of the NGOs Australian Volunteers International and MaryKnoll. GarmÖkfasMrab;kare)aHBum<elIkTI3 ¬EksMrYl¦ vcnanuRkmenH KWCasñaédrbs;saRsþacarüCaeRcIn nignisSitmYycMnYnenAkñúged)a:tWm:g;CIvviTüa énsaklviTüal½yPUminÞPñMeBj. esovePAenH)anerobcMkalBIbIqñaMknøgeTA edIm,IeqøIytbeTAnwgtMrUvkar rbs;nisSitCIvviTüa kñúgkarsikSaCIvviTüatamesovePAsikSaCaPasaGg;eKøs. eyIgk¾)anBüayamRbemIl emIlpgEdrBItMrUvkareTAéf¶GnaKtrbs;saRsþacarü nignisSitCIvviTüaenAkñúgRbeTskm<úCa. RbsinebI BYkeKcg;cUlrYmenAkñúgshKmn_viTüasaRsþBiPBelak cg;GanTsSnavdþIviTüasaRsþ nig esovePAsikSa nigcg;sþab;RbB½n§pSBVpSayBt’manGnþrCati cg;cUlrYmsnñisITGnþrCati rWk¾sikSaenAeRkARbeTsenaH BYkeKGacnwgRtUvkarniyayTak;TgKñaCaPasaGg;eKøsehIy . dUecñHeKalbMNgcMbgrbs;esovePA enH KWCYynisSit nigsaRsþacarükm<úCaenAkMritsaklviTüal½yeGayyl;BICIvviTüa CaPasa Gg;eKøs . RKb;PasaTaMgGs;mankarvivtþ. kalBIGtItkal PasaEdlman\T§iBlxøaMgCageKmkelIPasa ExµrKWPasa)araMg. bc©úb,nñenHPasaGg;eKøskMBugmankarekIneLIg. Bakübec©keTsmYycMnYnRtUv)an yklMnaMtamPasa)araMgehIyk¾)ankøayCaPasaExµrrYcmkehIyEdr . sBVéf¶enHBakübec©keTsfµI² RtUv)anbegáIteLIgCaTUeTACaPasaGg;eKøs ehIyRtUv)aneRbIenACMuvijBiPBelak. Pasak¾RtUv)anbegáIt eLIgpgEdredayGñkEdleRbIva ehIyvaenAmanCab;rhUtmk enAeBlEdleKenAEteRbIva. dUecñHkar eRbIR)as;Fmµtak¾man\T§iBlmkelIkarbkERbrbs;eyIgEdr . eyIg)anBüayameqøIytbeTAnwg\T§iBl epSg²TaMgenH enAeBlerobcMvcnanuRkmenH edIm,IbgðajeGayeXIjnUvKMnitxus²KñaCaeRcIn ³ cas; nigfµI Pasa)araMg PasaGg;eKøs nigPasaExµr. b:uEnþvaEtgEtCYbnUvkarminRsbKñaGMBIkarbkERbBakü mYycMnYn. enHCabBaðaFmµta EdlekItmanenARKb;PasaTaMgGs;. vaKWCasBaØad¾l¥mYyénPasaEdl mankarrIkcMerIny:agskmµ. edaysarkaryl;dwgCIvviTüaCaPasaGg;eKøs KWCaeKalbMNgd¾sMxan;énesovePAenHeyIg)an BüayameRbIPasaGg;eKøsEdlsmrmüsMrab;GñkniyayPasaGg;eKøsCaPasaTIBIr ehIyBaküExµrTaMg- LayNaEdln½yrbs;vamanlkçN³gayyl;. cMeBaHBaküTaMgLayNaEdlfµICaPasaGg;eKøsehIy minGacbkERbeGay)anRsYlCaPasaExµr eyIg)ansresrCaPasaExµrEdlnwgCYykñúgkarGan. b:uEnþeyIgRtUvEtcgcaMfa niymn½yrbs;BaküGacpøas;bþÚrBIeBlmYyeTAeBlmYy. ]TahrN_ ³CMgWm:ugkUl\lUvbþÚrmkCasheraKsBaØa Down rWRTIsUmITI21. CYnkalmanniymn½yRtwmRtUveRcInCag mYy. ]TahrN_ ³ Wetland mann½yCaeRcInxus²Kña. sresrxusKñaEtRtwmRtUvdUcKña ]TahrN_ ³ feces = faeces . esovePAenHmanbMNgbgðajmtiTUeTAGMBIkareRbIR)as;naeBlbc©úb,nñ b:uEnþkarpøas; bþÚrKWminGaceCosput)aneTenAéf¶GnaKt. eyIgsgÇwmy:agmutmaMfa esovePAenHnwgkøayeTACaÉksard¾manRbeyaCn_mYysMrab;nisSit nig saRsaþcarükm<úCa ehIynwgCYyBYkeKeGayTTYl)annUvBt’mand¾sMbUrEbbGMBICIvviTüaCaPasaGg;eKøs. David Ford TIRbwkSakñúged)a:tWm:g;CIvviTüa saklviTüal½yPUminÞPñMeBj2002 esckþIEføgGMNrKuN sUmEføgGMNrKuNy:agRCaleRCAdl;GñkEdl)ancUlrYmkñúgkargard¾lM)akenH ³ hab esaP½N ¬bkERb nigEksMrYl ¦ hg; can;fun ¬bkERb nigEksMrYl ¦ Em:n enOn ¬bkERb ¦ nig eXog suFI ¬bkERb¦ . sUmEføgGMNrKuNpgEdr cMeBaHGñkEdl)ancUlrYmBiPakSanUvBaküTaMg- LayEdlmanTMnak;TMngnwgCMnajrbs;BYkeK³ éf eGogl I ¬kayviPaKviTüa ¦ FU Pn ¬esenTic ¦ k> Ek Kn§mala ¬KImICIv³¦ xub suxum ¬stVq¥wgkg ¦ nig k>kUv sMNag ¬stV\tq¥wgkg¦. sUm EføgGMNrKuNpgEdrcMeBaHelak Peter Leth Edl)anCYyeróbcMdak;tamlMdab;nUvEpñkExµr- Gg;ekøs. CacugbBa©b; esovePAenHminGacerobcMeLIg)aneT ebIKµanCMnYyBIGgÁkarGñksµ½KcitþGURsaþlI nigm:arINulEdlCaGgÁkareRkArdæaPi)al. A A Horizon : (Topsoil) The uppermost layer of soil, usually RsTab;elI ³ ¬dIxagelI ¦ RsTab;elIbMputrbs;dI EdlCaTUeTAmankMras; about 10 to 20 cm. thick. BI 10 eTA 20 s>m. ABA see abscisic acid. ABA : emIl abscisic acid . abaxial : Away from the axis cakGk½S ³ Edlcakecjq¶ayBIG½kS. abdomen : 1. The body region 1 posterior to the thorax of eBaH ³ - cMeBaHGakRtUb:Ut CaEpñkéndgxøÜnEdlsßitenAxageRkayRTUg arthropods. 2. A region in 2 vertebrates between the thorax and - cMeBaHstVq¥wgkg CaEpñksßitenAcenøaHRTUgnigRtKak nigmansrIragÁ pelvis containing many organs. enAxagkñúgCaeRcIn. abduction : Movement away from the midventral axis of the body. Gab;Ducsüúg ³ clnaecjBIG½kSkNþaleBaHénsarBagÁkay. See also adduction . sUmemIl adduction . abiogenesis : The old idea that living things can grow directly kMeNItekItÉg ³ KMnitbUraNEdlGHGagfaPavrs;GacekIteLIgpÞal;BI from non-living material; spontaneous generation. rUbFatuKµanCIvit³karkekItedayÉkÉg. abiotic factor : Describes a factor ; that is not, and has never been ktþaKµanCIvit ³ BN’‘naBIktþaKµanCIvit nigminEdlmanCIvit kMlaMgrW living; the physical and non-living materials or forces that influence rUbFatuKµanCIvitEdlCH\Ti§BleTAelIPavrs;. organisms. ABO blood group : A ABO classification of human blood RkumQam ³ CacMNat;fñak; RbePTQamrbs;mnusS. manbYn types. There are four groups: A, B, A, B, AB O AB and O, each classified by a RkumKW ³ nig EdlRkumnImYy² RtUv)ancat;fñak;eday particular combination of antigens bnSMénGg;TIEsnenAelIeKalikaRkhm ¬emIl H-substance ¦ nigGg;TIk on the red blood cells (see H- substance ) and naturally occurring EdlekIteLIgBIFmµCatienAkñúg)øasaµQam. Gg;TIEsn nigGg;TIkénRbePT antibodies in the blood plasma. Antigens and antibodies of the dUcKñanigCab;KñaenAeBllaycUlKña EdlbNþaleGaymankarBi)akkñúg same type cause agglutination universal donors and universal recipients when mixed, resulting in karbBa©ÚlQam ¬emIl ¦. difficulties in blood transfusion tMNBUCénRkumQam RtUv)anRtYtBinitüeday EsnGUtUsUmmYy ¬emIl (see universal donors and universal recipients ). Inheritance autosome ¦enAelIRkUm:UsUmTI9 Edlman GaELlbIsMxan;² KW A, B nig of blood grouping is controlled by A B o a single autosomal gene (see O ¬CYnkalsresrCa I , I nig I ¦. autosome ) on chromosome 9 with three main alleles, A, B and O (sometimes written as I A, I B and 1O). aboral : A region opposite the mouth. bdimat; ³ EpñkpÞúyBImat;. abortive transduction : An event ADN ADN in which transducing DNA fails to bBa¢Ún minsMerc ³ ehtukarN_énkarbBa¢Ún cUleTAkñúgRkUmU:sUm be incorporated into the recipient transduction chromosome. See transduction. GñkTTYlmin)ansMerc. emIl . abscisic acid (ABA) : A plant hormone (growth regulator) GasIutGabsIusuic ³ Grm:UnrukçCati ¬niy½tkrkarlUtlas; ¦ Edl associated with water stress and the inhibition of growth; also induces Tak;TgnwgkarxVHCatiTwk nigkarbg¥ak;énkarlUtlas; ehIyk¾bNþal stomatal closing and seed eGaymankarbiTsþÚm:at nigPaBminlUtlas;rbs;RKab; enAkúñgrukçCati dormancy in many plants. CaeRcIn. abscission : The separation of a leaf, flower, seed or fruit from a karRCúH ³ kardac;Føak;énsøwk páa Epø rWRKab;ecjBIEmk
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