Lactose Intolerance and Health: Evidence Report/Technology Assessment, No
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ESPGHAN/European Society for Pediatric Infectious Diseases
CLINICAL GUIDELINES European Society for Pediatric Gastroenterology, Hepatology, and Nutrition/European Society for Pediatric Infectious Diseases Evidence-Based Guidelines for the Management of Acute Gastroenteritis in Children in Europe: Update 2014 ÃAlfredo Guarino (Coordinator), yShai Ashkenazi, zDominique Gendrel, ÃAndrea Lo Vecchio, yRaanan Shamir, and §Hania Szajewska ABSTRACT Results: Gastroenteritis severity is linked to etiology, and rotavirus is the most Objectives: These guidelines update and extend evidence-based indications severe infectious agent and is frequently associated with dehydration. for the management of children with acute gastroenteritis in Europe. Dehydration reflects severity and should be monitored by established score Methods: The guideline development group formulated questions, systems. Investigations are generally not needed. Oral rehydration with identified data, and formulated recommendations. The latter were graded hypoosmolar solution is the major treatment and should start as soon as with the Muir Gray system and, in parallel, with the Grading of possible. Breast-feeding should not be interrupted. Regular feeding should Recommendations, Assessment, Development and Evaluations system. continue with no dietary changes including milk. Data suggest that in the hospital setting, in non–breast-fed infants and young children, lactose-free feeds can be considered in the management of gastroenteritis. Active therapy Received March 17, 2014; accepted March 19, 2014. may reduce the duration and severity of diarrhea. Effective interventions From the ÃDepartment of Translational Medical Science, Section of include administration of specific probiotics such as Lactobacillus GG or Pediatrics, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy, the Saccharomyces boulardii, diosmectite or racecadotril. Anti-infectious drugs ySchneider Children’s Medical Center, Tel-Aviv University, Tel-Aviv, should be given in exceptional cases. -
(19) United States (12) Patent Application Publication (10) Pub
US 20130289061A1 (19) United States (12) Patent Application Publication (10) Pub. No.: US 2013/0289061 A1 Bhide et al. (43) Pub. Date: Oct. 31, 2013 (54) METHODS AND COMPOSITIONS TO Publication Classi?cation PREVENT ADDICTION (51) Int. Cl. (71) Applicant: The General Hospital Corporation, A61K 31/485 (2006-01) Boston’ MA (Us) A61K 31/4458 (2006.01) (52) U.S. Cl. (72) Inventors: Pradeep G. Bhide; Peabody, MA (US); CPC """"" " A61K31/485 (201301); ‘4161223011? Jmm‘“ Zhu’ Ansm’ MA. (Us); USPC ......... .. 514/282; 514/317; 514/654; 514/618; Thomas J. Spencer; Carhsle; MA (US); 514/279 Joseph Biederman; Brookline; MA (Us) (57) ABSTRACT Disclosed herein is a method of reducing or preventing the development of aversion to a CNS stimulant in a subject (21) App1_ NO_; 13/924,815 comprising; administering a therapeutic amount of the neu rological stimulant and administering an antagonist of the kappa opioid receptor; to thereby reduce or prevent the devel - . opment of aversion to the CNS stimulant in the subject. Also (22) Flled' Jun‘ 24’ 2013 disclosed is a method of reducing or preventing the develop ment of addiction to a CNS stimulant in a subj ect; comprising; _ _ administering the CNS stimulant and administering a mu Related U‘s‘ Apphcatlon Data opioid receptor antagonist to thereby reduce or prevent the (63) Continuation of application NO 13/389,959, ?led on development of addiction to the CNS stimulant in the subject. Apt 27’ 2012’ ?led as application NO_ PCT/US2010/ Also disclosed are pharmaceutical compositions comprising 045486 on Aug' 13 2010' a central nervous system stimulant and an opioid receptor ’ antagonist. -
Sucrase-Isomaltase Deficiency Causing Persistent Bloating and Diarrhea in an Adult Female
Open Access Case Report DOI: 10.7759/cureus.14349 Sucrase-Isomaltase Deficiency Causing Persistent Bloating and Diarrhea in an Adult Female Varsha Chiruvella 1 , Ayesha Cheema 1 , Hafiz Muhammad Sharjeel Arshad 2 , Jacqueline T. Chan 3 , John Erikson L. Yap 2 1. Internal Medicine, Medical College of Georgia at Augusta University, Augusta, USA 2. Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Medical College of Georgia at Augusta University, Augusta, USA 3. Pediatric Endocrinology, Medical College of Georgia at Augusta University, Augusta, USA Corresponding author: Varsha Chiruvella, [email protected] Abstract Congenital sucrase isomaltase deficiency (CSID) is an autosomal recessive disorder which leads to chronic intestinal malabsorption of nutrients from ingested starch and sucrose. Symptoms usually present after consumption of fruits, juices, grains, and starches, leading to failure to thrive and malnutrition. Diagnosis is suspected on detailed patient history and confirmed by a disaccharidase assay using small intestinal biopsies or sucrose hydrogen breath test. Treatment of CSID consists of limiting sucrose in diet and replacement therapy with sacrosidase. Due to its nonspecific symptoms, CSID may be undiagnosed in many patients for several years. We present a case of a 50-year-old woman with persistent symptoms of bloating in spite of extensive evaluation and treatment. Categories: Endocrinology/Diabetes/Metabolism, Gastroenterology Keywords: sucrase-isomaltase, starch intolerance, disaccharidase assay, ibs, hydrogen breath test Introduction Congenital sucrase isomaltase deficiency (CSID), also known as genetic sucrase deficiency, is a multifaceted intestinal malabsorption disorder with an autosomal recessive mutation in the sucrase-isomaltase (SI) gene on chromosome 3 (3q25-q26). Sucrase-isomaltase is a type II membrane enzyme complex and member of the disaccharidase family required for the breakdown of α-glycosidic linkages in sucrose and maltose. -
List of Union Reference Dates A
Active substance name (INN) EU DLP BfArM / BAH DLP yearly PSUR 6-month-PSUR yearly PSUR bis DLP (List of Union PSUR Submission Reference Dates and Frequency (List of Union Frequency of Reference Dates and submission of Periodic Frequency of submission of Safety Update Reports, Periodic Safety Update 30 Nov. 2012) Reports, 30 Nov. -
Assessing Mimicry of the Transition State
View Article Online / Journal Homepage / Table of Contents for this issue PERSPECTIVE www.rsc.org/obc | Organic & Biomolecular Chemistry Glycosidase inhibition: assessing mimicry of the transition state Tracey M. Gloster*a,b and Gideon J. Davies*a Received 5th August 2009, Accepted 30th September 2009 First published as an Advance Article on the web 5th November 2009 DOI: 10.1039/b915870g Glycoside hydrolases, the enzymes responsible for hydrolysis of the glycosidic bond in di-, oligo- and polysaccharides, and glycoconjugates, are ubiquitous in Nature and fundamental to existence. The extreme stability of the glycosidic bond has meant these enzymes have evolved into highly proficient catalysts, with an estimated 1017 fold rate enhancement over the uncatalysed reaction. Such rate enhancements mean that enzymes bind the substrate at the transition state with extraordinary affinity; the dissociation constant for the transition state is predicted to be 10-22 M. Inhibition of glycoside hydrolases has widespread application in the treatment of viral infections, such as influenza and HIV, lysosomal storage disorders, cancer and diabetes. If inhibitors are designed to mimic the transition state, it should be possible to harness some of the transition state affinity, resulting in highly potent and specific drugs. Here we examine a number of glycosidase inhibitors which have been developed over the past half century, either by Nature or synthetically by man. A number of criteria have been proposed to ascertain which of these inhibitors are true transition state mimics, but these features have only be critically investigated in a very few cases. Introduction molecules, lipids or proteins), constitute between 1 and 3% of the genome of most organisms.1 The task facing these enzymes Glycosidases, the enzymes responsible for the breakdown of di-, with respect to maintaining efficient and highly specific catalysis oligo- and polysaccharides, and glyconjugates, are ubiquitous is no mean feat; it has been calculated that there are 1.05 ¥ 1012 through all kingdoms of life. -
Intestinal Sucrase Deficiency Presenting As Sucrose Intolerance in Adult Life
BRnUTE 20 November 1965 MEDICAL JOURNAL 1223 Br Med J: first published as 10.1136/bmj.2.5472.1223 on 20 November 1965. Downloaded from Intestinal Sucrase Deficiency Presenting as Sucrose Intolerance in Adult Life G. NEALE,* M.B., M.R.C.P.; M. CLARKt M.B., M.R.C.P.; B. LEVIN,4 M.D., PH.D., F.C.PATH. Brit. med. J., 1965, 2, 1223-1225 Diarrhoea due to failure of the small intestine to hydrolyse studies of the jejunal mucosa. He was discharged from hospital a certain dietary disaccharides is now a well-recognized congenital week after starting a sucrose-free and restricted starch diet and has disorder of infants and children. It was first suggested for since remained well. lactose (Durand, 1958) and later for sucrose (Weijers et al., 1960) and for isomaltose in association with sucrose (Auricchio Methods et al., 1962). It has been confirmed for lactose and for sucrose intolerance by quantitative estimation of enzyme activities in Initially the patient was on a normal ward diet estimated to the intestinal mucosa (Auricchio et al., 1963b; Dahlqvist et al., contain 50-80 g. of sucrose a day. After 10 days sucrose was 1963 ; Burgess et al., 1964; Levin, 1964). In all cases present- eliminated from the diet, and after a further three days starch ing in childhood there is a history of diarrhoea when food intake was restricted to 150 g. a day. Carbohydrate tolerance yielding the relevant disaccharide is introduced into the diet. was determined after an overnight fast by estimating blood Symptoms decrease with age, so that older children may be glucose levels, using a specific glucose oxidase method, after asymptomatic (Burgess et al., 1964) and are able to tolerate ingestion of 50 g. -
Oxidative Stress, a New Hallmark in the Pathophysiology of Lafora Progressive Myoclonus Epilepsy Carlos Romá-Mateo *, Carmen Ag
View metadata, citation and similar papers at core.ac.uk brought to you by CORE provided by Digital.CSIC 1 Oxidative stress, a new hallmark in the pathophysiology of Lafora progressive myoclonus epilepsy Carlos Romá-Mateo1,2*, Carmen Aguado3,4*, José Luis García-Giménez1,2,3*, Erwin 3,4 3,5 1,2,3# Knecht , Pascual Sanz , Federico V. Pallardó 1 FIHCUV-INCLIVA. Valencia. Spain 2 Dept. Physiology. School of Medicine and Dentistry. University of Valencia. Valencia. Spain 3 CIBERER. Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Raras. Valencia. Spain. 4 Centro de Investigación Príncipe Felipe. Valencia. Spain. 5 IBV-CSIC. Instituto de Biomedicina de Valencia. Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas. Valencia. Spain. * These authors contributed equally to this work # Corresponding author: Dr. Federico V. Pallardó Dept. Physiology, School of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Valencia. E46010-Valencia, Spain. Fax. +34963864642 [email protected] 2 ABSTRACT Lafora Disease (LD, OMIM 254780, ORPHA501) is a devastating neurodegenerative disorder characterized by the presence of glycogen-like intracellular inclusions called Lafora bodies and caused, in most cases, by mutations in either EPM2A or EPM2B genes, encoding respectively laforin, a phosphatase with dual specificity that is involved in the dephosphorylation of glycogen, and malin, an E3-ubiquitin ligase involved in the polyubiquitination of proteins related with glycogen metabolism. Thus, it has been reported that laforin and malin form a functional complex that acts as a key regulator of glycogen metabolism and that also plays a crucial role in protein homeostasis (proteostasis). In relationship with this last function, it has been shown that cells are more sensitive to ER-stress and show defects in proteasome and autophagy activities in the absence of a functional laforin-malin complex. -
Pharmacological Characterizations of H05, a Novel Potent Serotonin And
JPET/2018/248351 Title: Pharmacological characterization of (3-(benzo[d][1,3] dioxol-4-yloxy) -3-(4-fluorophenyl)-N, N-dimethylpropan-1-amine (H05), a novel serotonin and noradrenaline reuptake inhibitor with moderate 5-HT2A antagonist activity for the treatment of depression Authors: Xiangqing Xu, Yaqin Wei, Qiang Guo, Song Zhao, Zhiqiang Liu, Ting Xiao, Yani Liu, Yinli Qiu, Yuanyuan Hou, Guisen Zhang and KeWei Wang Affiliations: Department of Molecular and Cellular Pharmacology, State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Peking University , Beijing, China (X.X., T.X., K.W.W.); School of pharmacy, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu, China (Y.W.); Institute of pharmaceutical research, Jiangsu Nhwa Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., Xuzhou, Jiangsu, China (Q.G., S.Z., Z.L., Y.Q., Y.H., G.Z.); Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Qingdao University, Qingdao, Shandong, China (Y.L., K.W.W.) 1 Running title page Running title: A novel SNRI with 5-HT2A antagonist activity for treatment of depression Corresponding author: KeWei Wang Address: No. 38 Xueyuan Road, Haidian District, Beijing, 100191, China. Tel: 86•10•82805605; E•mail: [email protected] or [email protected] Number of text pages: 57 Number of tables: 3 Number of figures: 7 Number of references: 71 Words in Abstract: 248 Words in Introduction: 712 Words in Discussion:1357 Abbreviations: ADs: antidepressants; SSRIs: selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors; NRIs: norepinephrine reuptake inhibitors; SNRIs: serotonin and norepinephrine -
The Metabolism of Tay-Sachs Ganglioside: Catabolic Studies with Lysosomal Enzymes from Normal and Tay-Sachs Brain Tissue
The Metabolism of Tay-Sachs Ganglioside: Catabolic Studies with Lysosomal Enzymes from Normal and Tay-Sachs Brain Tissue JOHN F. TALLMAN, WILLIAM G. JOHNSON, and ROSCOE 0. BRADY From the Developmental and Metabolic Neurology Branch, National Institute of Neurological Diseases and Stroke, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland 20014, and the Department of Biochemistry, Georgetown University School of Medicine, Washington, D. C. 20007 A B S T R A C T The catabolism of Tay-Sachs ganglioside, date fronm the 19th century and over 599 cases have been N-acetylgalactosaminyl- (N-acetylneuraminosyl) -galac- reported (1). Onset of the disease is in the first 6 months tosylglucosylceramide, has been studied in lysosomal of life and is characterized by apathy, hyperacusis, motor preparations from normal human brain and brain ob- weakness, and appearance of a macular cherry-red spot tained at biopsy from Tay-Sachs patients. Utilizing Tay- in the retina. Seizures and progressive mental deteriora- Sachs ganglioside labeled with '4C in the N-acetylgalac- tion follow with blindness, deafness, and spasticity, lead- tosaminyl portion or 3H in the N-acetylneuraminosyl ing to a state of decerebrate rigidity. These infants usu- portion, the catabolism of Tay-Sachs ganglioside may be ally die by 3 yr of age (2). initiated by either the removal of the molecule of A change in the chemical composition of the brain of N-acetylgalactosamine or N-acetylneuraminic acid. The such patients was first detected by Klenk who showed activity of the N-acetylgalactosamine-cleaving enzyme that there was an increase in the ganglioside content (hexosaminidase) is drastically diminished in such compared with normal human brain tissue (3). -
Lindsay Cooper: Bassoonist with Henry Cow Advanced Search Article Archive Topics Who Who Went on to Write Film Music 100 NOW TRENDING
THE INDEPENDENT MONDAY 22 SEPTEMBER 2014 Apps eBooks ijobs Dating Shop Sign in Register NEWS VIDEO PEOPLE VOICES SPORT TECH LIFE PROPERTY ARTS + ENTS TRAVEL MONEY INDYBEST STUDENT OFFERS UK World Business People Science Environment Media Technology Education Images Obituaries Diary Corrections Newsletter Appeals News Obituaries Search The Independent Lindsay Cooper: Bassoonist with Henry Cow Advanced search Article archive Topics who who went on to write film music 100 NOW TRENDING 1 Schadenfreudegasm The u ltim ate lis t o f M an ch ester -JW j » United internet jokes a : "W z The meaning of life J§ according to Virginia Woolf 3 Labour's promises and their m h azard s * 4 The Seth Rogen North Korea . V; / film tra ile r yo u secretly w a n t to w atch 5 No, Qatar has not been stripped o f th e W orld Cup Most Shared Most Viewed Most Commented Rihanna 'nude photos' claims emerge on 4Chan as hacking scandal continues Frank Lampard equalises for Manchester City against Her Cold War song cycle ‘ Oh Moscow’ , written with Sally Potter, was performed Chelsea: how Twitter reacted round the world Stamford Hill council removes 'unacceptable' posters telling PIERRE PERRONE Friday 04 October 2013 women which side of the road to walk down # TWEET m SHARE Shares: 51 Kim Kardashian 'nude photos' leaked on 4chan weeks after Jennifer Lawrence scandal In the belated rush to celebrate the 40 th anniversary of Virgin Records there has been a tendency to forget the groundbreaking Hitler’s former food taster acts who were signed to Richard Branson’s label in the mid- reveals the horrors of the W olf s Lair 1970s. -
Current Topics in Behavioral Neurosciences
Current Topics in Behavioral Neurosciences Series Editors Mark A. Geyer, La Jolla, CA, USA Bart A. Ellenbroek, Wellington, New Zealand Charles A. Marsden, Nottingham, UK For further volumes: http://www.springer.com/series/7854 About this Series Current Topics in Behavioral Neurosciences provides critical and comprehensive discussions of the most significant areas of behavioral neuroscience research, written by leading international authorities. Each volume offers an informative and contemporary account of its subject, making it an unrivalled reference source. Titles in this series are available in both print and electronic formats. With the development of new methodologies for brain imaging, genetic and genomic analyses, molecular engineering of mutant animals, novel routes for drug delivery, and sophisticated cross-species behavioral assessments, it is now possible to study behavior relevant to psychiatric and neurological diseases and disorders on the physiological level. The Behavioral Neurosciences series focuses on ‘‘translational medicine’’ and cutting-edge technologies. Preclinical and clinical trials for the development of new diagostics and therapeutics as well as prevention efforts are covered whenever possible. Cameron S. Carter • Jeffrey W. Dalley Editors Brain Imaging in Behavioral Neuroscience 123 Editors Cameron S. Carter Jeffrey W. Dalley Imaging Research Center Department of Experimental Psychology Center for Neuroscience University of Cambridge University of California at Davis Downing Site Sacramento, CA 95817 Cambridge CB2 3EB USA UK ISSN 1866-3370 ISSN 1866-3389 (electronic) ISBN 978-3-642-28710-7 ISBN 978-3-642-28711-4 (eBook) DOI 10.1007/978-3-642-28711-4 Springer Heidelberg New York Dordrecht London Library of Congress Control Number: 2012938202 Ó Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg 2012 This work is subject to copyright. -
Celiac Disease and Lactose Intolerance
Celiac Disease and Lactose Intolerance HALINA WOJCIK, MPH, RDN, CDN AHRC, NY Celiac – Definition Celiac, also known as coeliac disease, celiac sprue, gluten-sensitive enteropathy, and non-tropical sprue is a genetic, hereditary autoimmune disorder. attributed to the specific genetic markers known as HLA-DQ2 and HLA-DQ8 that are present in affected individuals. Characteristics Sensitivity to amino acids found in the prolamin fraction of wheat (gliadin), barley (hordein), and rye (secalin), commonly known as glutens. When these grains are consumed by persons with celiac disease, they trigger an immune response that results in damage to the person’s mucosa of the small intestine. This damage causes the malabsorption of macronutrients and micronutrients. Source: Nutrition Care Manual. Academy of Nutrition and Dietetics. 2019: Gastrointestinal Disease: Celiac. Available from [https://www.nutritioncaremanual.org ] Comparison of lining of the small intestine in healthy individual and person with Celiac disease Prevalence of Celiac in the United States 1% of population ~ 3 million Americans It’s about the same number of people living in the state of Nevada. In the general US population: 1 in 133 people In people with first - degree relatives (parent, child, sibling) who has celiac: 1 in 22 In people with second degree relatives (aunt, uncle, cousin) who has celiac: 1 in 39 Source: Nutrition Care Manual. Academy of Nutrition and Dietetics. 2019: Gastrointestinal Disease: Celiac. Available from [https://www.nutritioncaremanual.org ] Prevalence of Celiac Disease (CD) in Down Syndrome (DS) Ample of studies suggest that CD is higher in individuals with Down Syndrome. 1 The meta-analysis study ( 31 studies included 4383 individuals) showed that individuals with DS are at very high risk of CD.