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253667 Historiikki KANSI.Indd Opista tieteeksi – Suomen tietojenkäsittelytieteiden historia Jukka Paakki Julkaisija: Tietojenkäsittelytieteen Seura ry Tekijät (työryhmässä sen nimi, puheenjohtaja ja sihteerit) Jukka Paakki Julkaisun nimi: Julkaisun laji: Opista tieteeksi – Suomen Historiateos tietojenkäsittelytieteiden historia Tiivistelmä: Tietojenkäsittelyoppi-niminen oppiaine tuli Suomen yliopistoihin ja korkeakou- luihin 1960-luvulla. Suomen ensimmäinen tietojenkäsittelyopin laitos ja pro- fessorinvirka perustettiin Tampereen yliopiston edeltäjään, Yhteiskunnalliseen korkeakouluun vuonna 1965. 1960-luvulla tietojenkäsittelyopin opetus käynnis- tettiin myös Helsingin yliopistossa, Jyväskylän yliopistossa, Teknillisessä korkea- koulussa, Oulun yliopistossa ja Turun yliopistossa. Alkuvuosina toiminta painot- tui yhteiskunnan tarvitsemien asiantuntijoiden koulutukseen, kunnes 1970-lu- vulla käynnistyi myös tietojenkäsittelyopin tieteellinen tutkimustoiminta. Tie- teenala laajeni nopeasti siinä määrin, että se profiloitui kolmeksi luonteeltaan erityyppiseksi haaraksi, joita ryhdyttiin 1990-luvulla kutsumaan tietojenkäsit- telytieteeksi, tietotekniikaksi ja tietojärjestelmätieteeksi, yhteiseltä nimeltään tietojenkäsittelytieteet. Tässä teoksessa käydään läpi Suomen tietojenkäsittelytieteiden opetuksen ja tutkimuksen historiaa 1960-luvulta aina nykypäiviin saakka. Kuvauksessa noste- taan esiin paitsi alan akateemisen koulutuksen ensimmäisiä linjauksia ja tieteel- lisen tutkimustoiminnan päätuloksia myös opetuksen ja tutkimuksen keskeisiä uranuurtajia. Teoksessa käydään läpi myös alan opetukseen ja tutkimukseen kohdistettuja arviointeja samoin kuin tietojenkäsittelytieteiden kotimaista yh- teisöä edustavan, vuonna 1982 perustetun Tietojenkäsittelytieteen Seuran toi- mintaa. Asiasanat: tietojenkäsittelytiede, tietotekniikka, tietojärjestelmätiede, historia ISBN: 978-952-93-4181-8 (nid.) 978-952-93-4182-5 (PDF) Kokonaissivumäärä: Kieli: 250 Suomi Muut tiedot: (taittaja, kuvaaja, Verkkoaineiston osoite: painopaikka ja painovuosi) http://www.tkts.fi/historia Taitto: Oona Loman Unigrafia 2014 Opista tieteeksi – Suomen tietojenkäsittelytieteiden historia 3 Opista tieteeksi – Suomen tietojenkäsittelytieteiden historia Jukka Paakki 4 Opista tieteeksi – Suomen tietojenkäsittelytieteiden historia 978-952-93-4181-8 (nid.) 978-952-93-4182-5 (PDF) Helsinki 2014 http://www.tkts.fi/historia Opista tieteeksi – Suomen tietojenkäsittelytieteiden historia 5 SIsÄLLYsLUETTELO EsIpuhe ...................................................................................................................8 I SUOMEN TIETOJENKÄSITTELYTIETEIDEN SYNTY...............................10 1. MatematIIkkakoNeet ja automaattINeN tIetojeNkÄsIttely............10 Maailman ensimmäiset tietokoneet................................................................10 Suomen ensimmäiset tietokoneet...................................................................12 Suomen yliopistojen ensimmäiset tietokoneet...............................................16 Atk-koulutuksen käynnistyminen....................................................................18 Atk-teollisuuden synty......................................................................................20 2. YhteIskuNNallINeN koRkeakoulu ja TampeReeN ylIopIsto..............21 3. HelsINGIN ylIopIsto.......................................................................................28 4. JyVÄskylÄN ylIopIsto..................................................................................31 5. TekNIllINeN koRkeakoulu..........................................................................35 6. OuluN ylIopIsto............................................................................................38 7. TuRuN ylIopIsto.............................................................................................41 8. Muut ylIopIstot ja tutkImuslaItokset..................................................43 Tampereen teknillinen korkeakoulu...............................................................44 Åbo Akademi....................................................................................................44 Helsingin kauppakorkeakoulu.........................................................................45 Lappeenrannan teknillinen korkeakoulu........................................................45 Kuopion yliopisto..............................................................................................46 Turun kauppakorkeakoulu...............................................................................46 Joensuun yliopisto............................................................................................47 Vaasan yliopisto................................................................................................47 Svenska handelshögskolan...............................................................................47 VTT .................................................................................................................48 Nokia Research Center.....................................................................................49 II SUOMEN TIETOJENKÄSITTELYTIETEIDEN TUTKIMUS........................51 9. TutkImustoImINNaN kÄyNNIstÄmINeN.....................................................51 10. TEOREETTINEN TIETOJENKÄSITTELYTIEDE (THEORY OF COMPUTATION)....59 Formaalit kielet ja automaatit.........................................................................61 Algoritmit..........................................................................................................66 Vaativuusteoria.................................................................................................69 11. ÄlykkÄÄt ja oppIVat meNetelmÄt (ComputING methodoloGIes)....71 Neuroverkot......................................................................................................72 Koneoppiminen................................................................................................79 Konenäkö..........................................................................................................82 12. MatemaattINeN tIetojeNkÄsIttelytIede (MathematIcs of computING).....................................................................................................85 Aritmeettinen koodaus....................................................................................85 MDL .................................................................................................................87 6 Opista tieteeksi – Suomen tietojenkäsittelytieteiden historia 13. OhjelmIstotekNIIkka (SoftWaRe aNd Its eNGINeeRING)......................92 Metakääntäjät..................................................................................................93 Ohjelmointikielet..............................................................................................96 Ohjelmien semantiikka.....................................................................................96 Ohjelmistoarkkitehtuurit...............................................................................100 Ohjelmistoprosessit.........................................................................................100 Linux ...............................................................................................................102 14. LaItteIstotekNIIkka (HaRdWaRe)............................................................103 Tietokoneet.....................................................................................................103 Digitaalinen signaalinkäsittely.......................................................................104 Vihreä ICT........................................................................................................107 15. TIetojÄRjestelmÄtIede (SocIal aNd pRofessIoNal topIcs)...............110 Skandinaavinen koulukunta..........................................................................111 Tietohallinto....................................................................................................113 Tietojärjestelmien epäonnistumiset ja riskit.................................................114 16. TIedoNhallINta (INfoRmatIoN systems)...............................................119 Tietokannat.....................................................................................................120 Tiedonhaku ja tekstitietokannat...................................................................121 Tiedonlouhinta...............................................................................................122 Semanttinen web............................................................................................129 17. TIetolIIkeNNeVeRkot (NetWoRks)...........................................................131 Tietoverkot ja Internet...................................................................................131 Protokollat......................................................................................................133 Liikkuva tietojenkäsittely...............................................................................136 18. IhmIseN ja tekNoloGIaN VuoRoVaIkutus (HumaN-ceNteRed computING)...................................................................................................137 Visualisointi.....................................................................................................138 Käyttöliittymät................................................................................................140 Ihmisen ja koneen yhteistyö..........................................................................145
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