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Israel, Danilo C.

Working Paper

The Milkfish Broodstock-Hatchery Research and Development Program and Industry: A Policy Study

PIDS Discussion Paper Series, No. 2000-05

Provided in Cooperation with:

Philippine Institute for Development Studies (PIDS), Philippines

Suggested Citation: Israel, Danilo C. (2000) : The Milkfish Broodstock-Hatchery Research and Development Program and Industry: A Policy Study, PIDS Discussion Paper Series, No. 2000-05, Philippine Institute for Development Studies (PIDS), Makati City

This Version is available at: http://hdl.handle.net/10419/127711

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Philippine Ins titute for Development Studies

The Milkfish Broodstock-Hatchery
Research and Development
Program and Industry: A Policy Study

Danilo C. Israel

DISCUSSION PAPER SERIES NO. 2000-05

The PIDS Discussion Paper Series

constitutes studies that are preliminary and subject to further revisions. They are being circulated in a limited number of copies only for purposes of soliciting comments and suggestions for further refinements. The studies under the Series are unedited and unreviewed.
The views and opinions expressed are those of the author(s) and do not necessarily reflect those of the Institute.
Not for quotation without permission from the author(s) and the Institute.

January 2000

For comments, suggestions or further inquiries please contact:

The Res earch Information Staff, Philippine Institute for Development Studies 3rd Floor, NEDA sa Makati Building, 106 Amorsolo Street, Legaspi Village, Makati City, Philippines Tel Nos: 8924059 and 8935705; Fax No: 8939589; E-mail: [email protected] Or visit our website at http://www.pids.gov.ph

ABSTRACT

This paper looks into the national R&D program for the production of hatchery-bred milkfish fry and the fledgling industry it has spawned with the end purpose of recommending courses of actions that the national

  • government can pursue for their furtherance.
  • The study concludes that

hatchery-bred fry is necessary for milkfish culture to attain sustainable growth and international competitiveness in the coming years. Therefore, the government should continue to strongly support the R&D program and industry by exerting concrete measures to address the various technical, market, institutional and other problems which hinder them from fully becoming a vehicle of growth in the fisheries sector.

The Milkfish Broodstock-Hatchery Research and Development
Program and Industry: A Policy Study

by
Danilo C. Israel*

  • I.
  • Introduction

Milkfish is the national fish of the Philippines not only because it is a favorite viand of the entire population. The milkfish industry is also an important component of the fisheries sector and the national economy, contributing significantly to output, employment, public revenues and nutrition.
While milkfish is important, however, its production has been hindered by various problems in recent years. Among the most critical of these is the limited supply of fry. Milkfish production comes mainly from aquaculture and the availability of fry for stocking determines to a large extent the achieved levels of national production. In the past decade or so, the supply of fry, which comes mainly from the wild, has been declining rapidly (Ahmed et al. 1999). In contrast, the demand for fry has been growing steadily, brought about by the gradual intensification of culture practices and the shift in production toward milkfish farming in reaction to the decline of the prawn industry.

*Ph.D. in Resource Economics and Research Fellow, Philippine Institute for Development Studies (PIDS), NEDA sa Makati Bldg., 106 Amorsolo St., Legaspi Village, Makati City.

While the problem of limited fry supply constrains the milkfish industry, it was actually already foreseen more than two decades ago. Back then, the national government commenced a research and development (R&D) program aimed at finding a technical solution to the problem. The specific objective was to develop a milkfish broodstock-hatchery technology that can produce significant quantities of hatchery-bred fry (The broodstock component of this technology involves the rearing in controlled conditions of both male and female juvenile milkfish to produce the mother milkfish or Sabalo and the spawning of eggs by the Sabalo. The hatchery component covers the hatching of the eggs and the rearing of the hatched larvae to nursery or growout stocking age, also in controlled conditions). Once commercialized, the technology was expected to significantly increase the domestic supply of milkfish fry in the short-term and become its major source over the long-term.
Largely as a result of the above-mentioned R&D program, a fledgling milkfish broodstock-hatchery industry exists in the country at present. So far, however, this industry has not yet fully taken off as its output is still too low and inconsistent to significantly impact on total production. Nevertheless, expectations are high that given the right conditions, the industry will eventually produce at levels sufficient enough to fully meet the fry needs of milkfish culture.
As its primary patron and at this juncture of development, the national government is facing important policy decisions related to the milkfish broostock-hatchery R&D program and industry. First and foremost, given the current state of affairs, should the government continue to invest public

2

resources into the program? If so, at what levels should this investment be and into which priority areas should it be focused to attain the desired maximum impact?
Beyond R&D, equally important questions need to be addressed.
Since the milkfish broodstock-hatchery industry is still in the infantile stage, should the government get more actively involved in it to ensure survival and growth? If so, what courses of actions can the government do? More specifically, what necessary programs should the pertinent fisheries agencies implement to assist the industry? These and other related questions need answers for the government to decisively complete its mission of finding a lasting solution to the problem of limited availability of milkfish fry.

  • II.
  • Objective, Organization and Data

This paper looks into the national milkfish broodstock-hatchery R&D program and industry with the end purpose of recommending policies and courses of actions that can be pursued by the national government for their furtherance. The observed lack of policy-oriented studies which can be utilized as reference in relation to the R&D program and industry motivates this effort.

  • The paper is organized as follows.
  • The next section reviews the

milkfish industry vis a vis the entire fisheries sector and the national economy. This portion is intended to highlight the economic importance of the milkfish industry to the sector and the economy. The third section reviews the milkfish fry supply and demand situation and provides estimates of the future fry requirements. The purpose is to emphasize limited supply of fry as a major

3

factor constraining milkfish production and evaluate the relevance of the development of the milkfish broodstock-hatchery technology as solution. The history and status of the milkfish broodstock-hatchery R&D program and industry are presented in the fourth section while the fifth section discusses the problems associated to them. concerns in the program and industry and determine where national government action is required. The penultimate section develops the
The intention is to pinpoint important recommendations for addressing the problems while the last section provides the summary and conclusions.
The paper utilizes secondary data gathered from the published indexes of fisheries agencies and the available relevant literature. It also uses primary information generated through interviews with key informants, including those from government fisheries agencies and the milkfish fry and grow-out industries.

  • III.
  • The Milkfish Industry

  • 3.1
  • Production Impact

The fisheries sector has been stagnating in recent years (Tables 1 and

  • For the 1979-1997 period, the average annual growth rate of total
  • 2).

fisheries production has been low, particularly in quantity terms. Furthermore, growth has been negligible or negative during a substantial part of the period. By individual subsectors, commercial fisheries generally performed in a similar way as total fisheries while municipal fisheries did worse.

4

Table 1. Annual fisheries production, by subsector, Philippines, 1979-1997

  • 1979
  • 1980
  • 1981
  • 1982
  • 1983
  • 1984
  • 1985
  • 1986
  • 1987
  • 1988
  • 1989
  • 1990
  • 1991
  • 1992
  • 1993
  • 1994
  • 1995
  • 1996
  • 1997
  • Average

Quantity (Thousand Metric Tons) All sectors Commercial Municipal
1,581
501 839
1,672
489 895
1,773
495 939
1,897
526 978
2,110
519
1,146
445
2,080
513
1,089
478
2,052
512
1,045
495
2,090
546
1,072
471
2,213
591
1,061
561
2,268
600
1,069
600
2,371
637
1,105
629
2,503
701
1,132
671
2,599
760
1,147
692
2,626
805
1,084
736
2,632
824
1,014
794
2,721
859 993
2,784
893 972
2,769
879 909
2,767
885 925
2,290
660
1,022

  • 608
  • Aquaculture
  • 241
  • 289
  • 340
  • 392
  • 869
  • 919
  • 981
  • 957

Value (Million Pesos) All sectors Commercial Municipal

  • 10,537 11,644
  • 13,954

4,125 6,964 2,866
15,064
4,355 7,316 3,393
18,982
4,643 9,540 4,799
25,650
6,521
11,863
7,266
31,297
7,857
14,716
8,724
37,332
9,248
17,252 10,832
37,349
9,821
16,108 11,421
42,118 10,270 16,633 15,213
45,094 11,033 18,388 15,673
52,177 12,411 19,300 20,467
60,033 15,245 22,133 22,656
65,444 16,801 22,656 25,987
70,216 18,021 22,031 30,163
80,192 20,715 24,475 35,003
83,057 23,065 26,464 33,527
83,139 24,555 25,373 33,211
80,745 45,475 25,935 12,206 27,393 16,841 27,417 16,427
3,512 5,364 1,660
3,785 6,018

  • 1,842
  • Aquaculture

Source: BAS (various years)

5

Table 2. Annual growth rates of fisheries production, by subsector, Philippines, 1980-1997

  • 1980
  • 1981
  • 1982
  • 1983
  • 1984
  • 1985
  • 1986
  • 1987
  • 1988
  • 1989
  • 1990
  • 1991
  • 1992
  • 1993
  • 1994
  • 1995
  • 1996
  • 1997
  • Average

Quantity (Percent) All sectors Commercial Municipal
5.76 -2.44 6.59
6.02 1.29 4.92
6.99 6.37 4.23
11.25 -1.33 17.13 13.46
-1.42 -1.16 -4.95 7.37
-1.36 -0.25 -4.02 3.52
1.82 6.68 2.58 -4.81
5.91 8.24 -1.07 19.11
2.49 1.49 0.72 6.88
4.55 6.17 3.38 4.97
5.58 9.98 2.47 6.64
3.82 8.45 1.32 3.17
1.03 5.94 -5.44 6.35
0.24 2.42 -6.49 7.77
3.38 4.23 -2.11 9.51
2.32 3.95 -2.08 5.74
-0.54 -1.58 -6.46 6.74
-0.10 0.63 1.68 -2.40
3.21 3.28 0.69

  • 8.16
  • Aquaculture
  • 19.90
  • 17.39
  • 15.55

Value (Percent) All sectors Commercial Municipal
10.51 7.76 12.18 10.94
19.83 8.98 15.72 55.57
7.96 5.59 5.05
26.01 6.60 30.40 41.43
35.13 40.46 24.35 51.40
22.02 20.49 24.05 20.07
19.28 17.70 17.23 24.16
0.05 6.19 -6.63 5.44
12.77 4.58 3.26
7.06 7.43 10.55 3.02
15.71 12.48 4.96
15.06 22.84 14.68 10.70
9.01 10.21 2.37
7.29 7.27 -2.76 16.07
14.21 14.95 11.09 16.04
3.57 11.35 8.13
0.10 6.46 -4.12 -0.94
-2.88 5.62 7.96
12.37 12.05 9.92

  • Aquaculture
  • 18.42
  • 33.20
  • 30.59
  • 14.70
  • -4.22
  • -17.45
  • 18.29

Source: Table 1

6

In contrast to the commercial and municipal fisheries, aquaculture registered impressive average annual production growth rates for the 1979- 1997 period. In terms of volume and value of production, it also surpassed the other subsectors as the leading producer of fish by the second half of the nineties. This development highlights the increasing role of the aquaculture subsector as the main source of production growth in the entire fisheries sector.
Despite its rosy performance, there are foreboding signs that the aquaculture subsector is also facing tough times like the rest of fisheries. The value of aquaculture production has dropped since 1995 while volume has decreased in 1997. This warns that aquaculture may follow in the way of commercial and municipal fisheries and worsen further the already difficult situation in the entire fisheries sector if nothing is done to effectively address its various problems.
As mentioned, milkfish production comes mainly from aquaculture.
This is reflected by the production figures for the 1979-1997 period which show the dominant contribution of aquaculture to total mikfish production (Tables 3 and 4). Commercial fisheries contributes almost nothing to total production while municipal fisheries has a positive but minimal contribution. The data suggests that any significant growth in milkfish output in the future can be realized practically only through aquaculture.
As in the case of aquaculture and fisheries in general, the milkfish

  • industry is confronting serious challenges. In both quantity and
  • value

terms, the production of milkfish has greatly declined during several years

7

Table 3. Annual milkfish production, by subsector, Philippines, 1979-1997

  • 1979 1980 1981 1982 1983
  • Average
  • 1984
  • 1985
  • 1986
  • 1987
  • 1988
  • 1989
  • 1990
  • 1991
  • 1992
  • 1993
  • 1994
  • 1995
  • 1996
  • 1997

Quantity (Metric Tons) All sectors Commercial Municipal
133,244 134,754 236,331 252,157 245,258 238,039 193,837 184,910 199,246 191,982 195,648 213,751 237,071 170,459 152,198 161,486 158,324 153,759 159,948 190,126
0.00 982
0.00 163

  • 0.00
  • 0.00
  • 0.00
  • 0.00

364
0.05 187

  • 0.00
  • 0.00
  • 0.00
  • 0.06
  • 0.01
  • 0.05
  • 0.02
  • 0.01
  • 0.01
  • 0.03
  • 0.06
  • 0.22

175
0.05

  • 11,305
  • 12,412
  • 6,699
  • 5,405
  • 1,719
  • 4,105
  • 2,752
  • 2,869
  • 2,948
  • 3,394
  • 3,233
  • 5,135
  • 7,466
  • 3,608
  • 3,943

  • Aquaculture
  • 132,262 134,591 225,026 239,745 238,559 237,675 193,650 179,505 197,527 187,877 192,896 210,882 234,123 167,065 148,965 156,351 150,858 150,151 159,773 186,183

Value ( Million Pesos) All sectors Commercial Municipal
1,190
0
1,373
0
2,475
0
2,887
0
3,199
0
3,936
0
4,481
0
4,827
0
4,494
0
5,106
0
5,395
0
7,187
0
7,953
0
7,648
693
6,887
330
8,715
447
9,908 1,710
96
12,486
3,738
-

  • 8,992
  • 5,744

1,384
94
-

  • -
  • 0
  • 0
  • 0
  • 0
  • 0
  • 0
  • 0
  • 0
  • 0
  • 97
  • 62
  • 68
  • 70
  • 119
  • 86
  • 157

  • Aquaculture
  • 1,190
  • 1,373
  • 2,475
  • 2,887
  • 3,199
  • 3,936
  • 4,481
  • 4,827
  • 4,494
  • 5,009
  • 5,333
  • 7,120
  • 7,883
  • 6,836
  • 6,471
  • 8,111
  • 8,102
  • 8,748
  • 8,992
  • 5,340

Source: PCAMRD (1998)

8

Table 4. Annual growth rates of milkfish production, by subsector, Philippines, 1980-1997

  • 1980
  • 1981
  • 1982
  • 1983
  • 1984
  • 1985
  • 1986
  • 1987
  • 1988
  • 1989
  • 1990
  • 1991
  • 1992
  • 1993
  • 1994
  • 1995
  • 1996
  • 1997
  • Average

Quantity (Percent) All sectors Commercial Municipal
1.13 0.00
-83.40 6,835.58

  • 75.38
  • 6.70
  • -2.74
  • -2.94
  • -18.57
  • -4.61
  • 7.75
  • -3.65
  • 1.91
  • 9.25
  • 10.91
  • -28.10

-62.75
15.13
-10.71 -47.37
-4.74

  • 6.10
  • -1.96
  • -2.88
  • 4.03
  • 2.61

56.63
520.86
2.49

  • 0.00
  • 0.00

9.79 6.54
0.00
-46.03
-0.49
0.00
-94.57
-0.37

  • 0.00 -100.00
  • 0.00

-68.20
10.04
0.00
138.80
-4.89
0.00
-32.96
2.67
-90.63
4.25
750.00
2.75
0.00
58.83
4.96
200.00
45.39 -3.51
100.00 -51.67
-0.47
270.00 -95.15
6.41
-48.63 2,790.37

  • Aquaculture
  • 1.76
  • 67.19
  • -18.52
  • -7.30
  • 9.32
  • 11.02
  • -28.64
  • -10.83

Value (Percent) All sectors Commercial Municipal
15.33
0.00
80.31
0.00
16.63
0.00
10.81
0.00
23.03
0.00
13.85
0.00
7.72 0.00 0.00 7.72
-6.90
0.00 0.00
-6.90
13.62
0.00
5.66 0.00
33.22
0.00
10.65
0.00
-3.83
0.00
-9.95
-52.38 -27.51
-5.34
26.53 35.45 81.51 25.34
13.69
282.55 -39.10
-0.11
26.02
118.60
0.00
-27.98
0.00
13.80 21.35

  • 3.43
  • 0.00
  • 0.00
  • 0.00
  • 0.00
  • 0.00
  • 0.00
  • 0.00
  • -35.81

6.47

  • 8.72
  • 3.36
  • 70.52

-13.28
0.00

  • Aquaculture
  • 15.33
  • 80.31
  • 16.63
  • 10.81
  • 23.03
  • 13.85
  • 11.46
  • 33.51
  • 10.72
  • 7.96
  • 2.80
  • 13.35

Source: Table 3

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    unuftp.is Final Project 2017 ASSESSMENT OF BROODSTOCK MANAGEMENT PRACTICES IN NIGERIA Yetunde. E. Ibiwoye National Institute for Freshwater Fisheries Research New-Bussa, Niger state, Nigeria [email protected] Supervisor Professor Helgi Thorarensen Holar University College, Iceland [email protected] ABSTRACT Genetic management of African catfish broodstock is important to ensure the quality of seed. This study was conducted to identify and critically evaluate current broodstock management practices in African catfish hatcheries in Nigeria. A questionnaire was presented in 44 hatcheries in three main aquaculture regions in Nigeria and 34 responded. The results indicated that more than 50% of hatcheries keep fewer than 40 broodfish, with a higher ratio of females than males. This causes the effective breeding number to be under the recommended minimum value in many hatcheries and can result in genetic drift or inbreeding depression. However, the common practice of optioning broodfish regularly from different sources may reduce the risk of inbreeding depression. Only 6% of the hatcheries use broodstock raised on their farms exclusively and this group is predisposed to problems due to poor genetic management. Most hatcheries use females that are 1-1.5 kg as broodfish. However, the results of the present study suggest that seed quality, quantity and survival could be increased significantly by using larger females. The results of the study were used to produce recommendations to improve broodstock management in Nigeria. This paper should be cited as: Ibiwoye, Y. 2018. Assessment of broodstock management practices in Nigeria. United Nations University Fisheries Training programme, Iceland final project. http://www.unuftp.is/static/fellows/document/Yetunde17prf.pdf Ibiwoye TABLE OF CONTENTS TABLE OF FIGURES ..............................................................................................................
  • Sustainable Production of Fish and Sea Vegetables

    Sustainable Production of Fish and Sea Vegetables

    Sustainable Production of Fish and Sea Vegetables Kevan Main Mote Marine Laboratory Presentation for the 13th Annual Sustainable Communities Workshop Mote Aquaculture Research Park Sustainable Land-based Fish Farming ➢ Reproduction, larval rearing & on-growing technologies for stock enhancement & food production ➢ Design, construct & evaluate sustainable land- based aquaculture system technologies ➢ Zero discharge recirculating aquaculture systems ➢ Integrated marine aquaculture systems (marine aquaponics) Mote Aquaculture Research Park Facilities: 2018 Freshwater Fish Production Freshwater Fish Production Sturgeon Processing Maintenance & Shop Storage Fish Hatchery & Freshwater Marine Marine Office Fish Aquac Fish Wetland Research Hatchery Plants Marine Marine Marine Aquaponics Filtration Quarantine Marine Growout Snook Pond Commercial and Experimental Indoor Recirculating Production Systems Large-scale Freshwater Marine Growout Marine Broodstock Fish Growout Species Evaluated in Mote’s Marine Aquaponic System (IAS) Sea purslane (Sesuvium portulacastrum) Redfish Saltwort (Batis Glasswort or Pickleweed (Sciaenops maritima) (Salicornia bigelovii) ocellatus ) Not shown here Mote Marine Aquaponic System Research ➢ Prototype system designed, constructed & stocked (2014) ➢ Completed first redfish & sea vegetable (halophyte) production trial in 2015 ➢ Conducted 2 additional production trials in 2016 & 2017 ➢ In 2018, we initiated a new trial to evaluate improved nitrogen processing options Halophyte/Vegetable Production Results ➢ Sea Purslane
  • Broodstock Conditioning, Spawning Induction, and Early

    Broodstock Conditioning, Spawning Induction, and Early

    Broodstock Conditioning, Spawning Induction, and Early Larval Development of the Tropical Rock Oyster Striostrea prismatica (Gray 1825) Author(s): Wilfrido Argüello-Guevara , Alfredo Loor and Stanislaus Sonnenholzner Source: Journal of Shellfish Research, 32(3):665-670. 2013. Published By: National Shellfisheries Association DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.2983/035.032.0306 URL: http://www.bioone.org/doi/full/10.2983/035.032.0306 BioOne (www.bioone.org) is a nonprofit, online aggregation of core research in the biological, ecological, and environmental sciences. BioOne provides a sustainable online platform for over 170 journals and books published by nonprofit societies, associations, museums, institutions, and presses. Your use of this PDF, the BioOne Web site, and all posted and associated content indicates your acceptance of BioOne’s Terms of Use, available at www.bioone.org/page/terms_of_use. Usage of BioOne content is strictly limited to personal, educational, and non-commercial use. Commercial inquiries or rights and permissions requests should be directed to the individual publisher as copyright holder. BioOne sees sustainable scholarly publishing as an inherently collaborative enterprise connecting authors, nonprofit publishers, academic institutions, research libraries, and research funders in the common goal of maximizing access to critical research. Journal of Shellfish Research, Vol. 32, No. 3, 665–670, 2013. BROODSTOCK CONDITIONING, SPAWNING INDUCTION, AND EARLY LARVAL DEVELOPMENT OF THE TROPICAL ROCK OYSTER STRIOSTREA PRISMATICA (GRAY 1825) WILFRIDO ARGU¨ELLO–GUEVARA,* ALFREDO LOOR AND STANISLAUS SONNENHOLZNER CENAIM-ESPOL, Escuela Superior Polite´cnica del Litoral (ESPOL), Campus Gustavo Galindo, Km. 30.5 Vı´a perimetral, PO Box 09-01-5863, Guayaquil, Ecuador ABSTRACT The tropical rock oyster Striostrea prismatica is a commercially valuable bivalve mollusc found along the Pacific tropical coast.
  • Polyculture of Fishes in Aquaponics and Recirculating Aquaculture

    Polyculture of Fishes in Aquaponics and Recirculating Aquaculture

    Issue # 48 Aquaponics Journal www.aquaponicsjournal.com 1st Quarter, 2008 Polyculture of Fishes in Aquaponics and Recirculating Aquaculture By: Eron Martan Abstract Polyculture of fishes (and invertebrates) in aquapon‐ base produced the most relevant results. When ics and recirculating aquaculture is a promising way the key words polyculture and aquaponics were we can return advanced modern agriculture to sus‐ used, there were no articles found. Using the for‐ tainable agriculture using biological controls. Poly‐ mer set of key words, there were about 40 articles culture would enhance aquaponics by producing a related to polyculture, almost all of which were variety of seafood products for local consumption. referring to polycultures carried out in earthen There has been very little published research on ponds. Other databases were tried also, but pro‐ polycultures in aquaponics so much of this work is duced fewer and less relevant results. Searches based on the experience of expert scientists. Be‐ using the key word aquaponics came up with zero cause of the lack of previous studies, there is very results in all but the Blackwell Synergy database little statistical data to present. However, it has which contained one relevant article. been confirmed that redclaw lobsters are being polycultured with tilapia; they are cultured in the Due to a lack of information alternative sources hydroponics raceways where the plants are grown were sought out. A subscription to the Aquaponics on floating rafts. The information from the inter‐ Journal was ordered. Use of a World Aquaculture views indicates that using physical separation is nec‐ Society (WAS) membership which includes access essary to prevent negative species interactions.
  • Latest Advances in Feeding Early Life Stage and Broodstock Aquatic Species

    Latest Advances in Feeding Early Life Stage and Broodstock Aquatic Species

    Hatcheryfeed Latest advances in feeding early life stage and broodstock aquatic species Rotifer culture diet eliminates need for enrichment Nutritionally optimized rotifers for larval feed Copepods Bridging the gap between hatchery and growout An in vitro system for accurate prediction of biological larval feed performance Take a more proactive approach to combating shrimp disease with advanced hatchery feeds Sound R&D at the foundation of juvenile salmon diets Probiotic larval feeds for fish and shrimp A complimentary publication in support of the aquaculture industry by Hatcheryfeed, a division of Aquafeed.com, LLC. Vol. 1 Issue 1 2013 Hatcheryfeed Latest advances in feeding early life stage and broodstock aquatic species CONTENTS Click on titles to go directly to the article 2 Breakthrough rotifer culture diet eliminates the need for enrichment 5 Fundamental Principles for Production of Nutritionally Optimized Rotifers for Larval Feed 9 Copepods: Nature's Choice 13 OPTIFeed Technology: A novel in vitro system for accurate prediction of biological larval feed performance 19 Today’s challenges create tomorrow’s opportunities through technically advanced feeds and nutrition 23 Nursery feeds for shrimp: Bridging the gap between hatchery and growout 27 LARVIVA Pro: a big step for the future of fry production COVER PHOTO: From start to smolt with EWOS Uwe Kils: 31 Wikimedia ADVERTISERS We are grateful to the following companies whose advertising support allows us to add this publication to the portfolio of services we are able to offer free of charge, in support of aquaculture. Please visit their websites to learn more about them and their products: Published by Hatcheryfeed, a division of Aquafeed.com LLC.
  • A Review of Hatchery Reform Science in Washington State

    A Review of Hatchery Reform Science in Washington State

    A review of hatchery reform science in Washington State Joseph H. Anderson, Kenneth I. Warheit, Bethany E. Craig, Todd R. Seamons and Alf H. Haukenes Washington Department of Fish and Wildlife Final report to the Washington Fish and Wildlife Commission January 23 2020 Table of Contents ABSTRACT ........................................................................................................................................ 4 INTRODUCTION ............................................................................................................................. 10 BENEFITS OF HATCHERIES ............................................................................................................. 13 Harvest benefits ........................................................................................................................ 13 Economic benefits ................................................................................................................. 14 Social and cultural benefits ................................................................................................... 15 Treaty rights and tribal values ............................................................................................... 17 Mitigation .............................................................................................................................. 18 Conservation benefits ............................................................................................................... 19 Population conservation ......................................................................................................
  • PDF of an Article Accepted for Publication Following Peer Review

    PDF of an Article Accepted for Publication Following Peer Review

    1 Aquaculture A chimer February 2015, Volume 437, Pages 132-317 r http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.aquaculture.2014.12.003 http://archimer.ifremer.fr http://archimer.ifremer.fr/doc/00240/35171/ © 2014 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. Scallop larval survival from erythromycin treated broodstock after conditioning without sediment Holbach Marine 1, 2, Robert Rene 2, 3, Boudry Pierre 2, Petton Bruno 2, Archambault Philippe 1, Tremblay Rejean 1, * 1 Institut des Sciences de la Mer, Université du Québec à Rimouski, 310 allée des Ursulines, G5L 3A1 Rimouski, Québec, Canada 2 Ifremer, Laboratoire des Sciences de l'Environnement Marin (UMR 6539 LEMAR), Centre Bretagne - ZI de la Pointe du Diable - CS 10070 - 29280 Plouzané, France 3 Ifremer, Unité Littoral, Centre Bretagne - ZI de la Pointe du Diable - CS 10070 - 29280 Plouzané, France * Corresponding author : email address : [email protected] Abstract : Pathogenic bacteria are known to be one of the main factors affecting Pecten maximus larval survival in hatcheries. As a result, juvenile production often relies on the use of antibiotics during larval culture. However, limitations of the usage of chemicals such as chloramphenicol in aquaculture have been reinforced due to their negative environmental impact and alternatives are accordingly needed. Thus, the importance of bacterial transfer from oocytes to larvae has been studied here as well as procedures to limit larval mortality in P. maximus. In order to reduce bacterial contamination during larval development, we focused on two periods, broodstock conditioning and post-fertilization. The animals were conditioned for 2 months with two erythromycin treatments of 6 days, with (SA) or without sandy- bottom (NSA).
  • Dietary Protein Requirements of Male and Female Broodstock: an Economic Factor for Increased Sustainability of Private Catfish Hatcheries

    Dietary Protein Requirements of Male and Female Broodstock: an Economic Factor for Increased Sustainability of Private Catfish Hatcheries

    Dietary protein requirements of male and female broodstock: an economic factor for increased sustainability of private catfish hatcheries Item Type conference_item Authors Madu, C.T.; Okwuego, C.C.; Wonah, C. Download date 23/09/2021 08:14:58 Link to Item http://hdl.handle.net/1834/18751 DIETARY PROTEIN REQUIREMENTS OF MALE AND FEMALE BROODSTOCK: AN ECONOMIC FACTOR FOR INCREASED SUSTAINABILITY OF PRIVATE CATFISH HATCHERIES. By Madu, C.T., Okwuego, C.C. and Wonah, C. NationalInstitute for Freshwater Fisheries Research (NIFF1), P.MB. 6006, New Bussa, Niger State. ABSTRACT woseparate feeding experiments were carried out concurrently to determine the optimum and thus the Tmost economical dietary proteinlevelsfor maximum growth. survival and gonadal maturationlripeness of male and female Heterobranchus longifihis broodstock. Seven diets of varying crude protein levels (20% to 50% at 5% protein intervals) were formulated and fed to "spent" male and female brooders of Heterobranchus, longifihis (23 0.Og 248.3g body weight) stocked in concrete tanks at 10 fish per tank. The fish were fed at 3% of their body weights twice daily (08.00 09.00k and 17.00 18.OOh) for 70 days. No fish mortality was recorded in any treatment or replicate of the two experiments and the robustness/general well-being of the brooders expressed by the condition factor (K) was high with all the dietary protein levels. The best economy of feed was achieved with the 35% c.p. diet. For the male broodstock, the greatest increase in body weight (219.2g) as well as the best specific growth rate (0.89%) was recorded in the diet containing 35% crude protein level.