2000 No 20 Fisheries Amendment Act 2000 Partls4
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Moutere Gravels
LAND USE ON THE MOUTERE GRAVELS, I\TELSON, AND THE DilPORTANOE OF PHYSIC.AL AND EOONMIC FACTORS IN DEVJt~LOPHTG THE F'T:?ESE:NT PATTERN. THESIS FOR THE DEGREE OF MASTER OF ARTS ( Honours ) GEOGRAPHY UNIVERSITY OF NEW ZEALAND 1953 H. B. BOURNE-WEBB.- - TABLE OF CONTENTS. CRAFTER 1. INTRODUCTION. Page i. Terminology. Location. Maps. General Description. CH.AFTER 11. HISTORY OF LAND USE. Page 1. Natural Vegetation 1840. Land use in 1860. Land use in 1905. Land use in 1915. Land use in 1930. CHA.PrER 111. PRESENT DAY LAND USE. Page 17. Intensively farmed areas. Forestry in the region. Reversion in the region. CHA.PrER l V. A NOTE ON TEE GEOLOGY OF THE REGION Page 48. Geological History. Composition of the gravels. Structure and surface forms. Slope. Effect on land use. CHA.mm v. CLIMATE OF THE REGION. Page 55. Effect on land use. CRAFTER Vl. SOILS ON Tlffi: MGm'ERE GRAVELS. Page 59. Soil.tYJDes. Effect on land use. CHAPrER Vll. ECONOMIC FACTORS WrIICH HAVE INFLUENCED TEE LAND USE PATTERN. Page 66. ILLUSTRATIONS AND MAPS. ~- After page. l. Location. ii. 2. Natu.ral Vegetation. i2. 3. Land use in 1905. 6. Land use regions and generalized land use. 5. Terraces and sub-regions at Motupiko. 27a. 6. Slope Map. Folder at back. 7. Rainfall Distribution. 55. 8. Soils. 59. PLATES. Page. 1. Lower Moutere 20. 2. Tapawera. 29. 3. View of Orcharding Arf;;a. 34a. 4. Contoured Orchard. 37. 5. Reversion and Orchards. 38a. 6. Golden Downs State Forest. 39a. 7. Japanese Larch. 40a. B. -
New Zealand National Climate Summary 2011: a Year of Extremes
NIWA MEDIA RELEASE: 12 JANUARY 2012 New Zealand national climate summary 2011: A year of extremes The year 2011 will be remembered as one of extremes. Sub-tropical lows during January produced record-breaking rainfalls. The country melted under exceptional heat for the first half of February. Winter arrived extremely late – May was the warmest on record, and June was the 3 rd -warmest experienced. In contrast, two significant snowfall events in late July and mid-August affected large areas of the country. A polar blast during 24-26 July delivered a bitterly cold air mass over the country. Snowfall was heavy and to low levels over Canterbury, the Kaikoura Ranges, the Richmond, Tararua and Rimutaka Ranges, the Central Plateau, and around Mt Egmont. Brief dustings of snow were also reported in the ranges of Motueka and Northland. In mid-August, a second polar outbreak brought heavy snow to unusually low levels across eastern and alpine areas of the South Island, as well as to suburban Wellington. Snow also fell across the lower North Island, with flurries in unusual locations further north, such as Auckland and Northland. Numerous August (as well as all-time) low temperature records were broken between 14 – 17 August. And torrential rain caused a State of Emergency to be declared in Nelson on 14 December, following record- breaking rainfall, widespread flooding and land slips. Annual mean sea level pressures were much higher than usual well to the east of the North Island in 2011, producing more northeasterly winds than usual over northern and central New Zealand. -
No 88, 18 November 1931, 3341
~umb. 88. 3341 SUPPLEMENT TO THE NEW ZEALAND GAZETTE OF THURSDAY. NOVEMBER 12, 1931. WELLINGTON, WEDNESDAY, NOVEMBER 18, 1931. TY1'its for Election of Members of Pw·liament. [L.S.] BLEDISLOE, Governor-General. A PROCLAJI.'IATION. To ALL WHOM IT MAY CONCERN: GREETING. KNOW ye that J, Charles, Ba.ron Bledisloe, the Governor-General of the Dominion of New Zealand, being desirous that the General Assembly of New Zealand should be holden as soon as may be, do declare that I have this day signed my Warrant directing the Clerk of the Writs to proceed with the election of members of Parliament to serve in the House of Representatives for all the electoral districts within the said Dominion of New Zealand. Given under the hand of His Excellency the' Governor-General of the Dominion of New Zealand, and issued under the Seal of that Dominion, this 12th day of November, 1931. GEO. W. FORBES. GOD SAVE THE KING ! 3342 THE NEW ZE~ GAZETTE. [No. 88 Returning O.fficers appointed. RegiBtrars of Electors appointed. T is hereby notified that each of the undermentioned T is hereby notified that each of the undermentioned persons I persons has been appointed. Registrar of Electors for I has been appointed Ret~ing Officer for the electoral the electoral district the name of which appears opposite district~ the name of which appears opposite his name. his name. Erwin Sharman Molony Auckland Central. Frank Evans Auckland Central. George Chetwyn Parker .. Auckland East. Frank Evans Auckland East. Edward William John Bowden Auckland Suburbs. Frank Evans Auckland Suburbs. Thomas Mitchell Crawford ., Auckland West. -
Recent Studies of Historical Earthquake-Induced Landsliding, Ground Damage, and Mm Intensity
59 RECENT STUDIES OF HISTORICAL EARTHQUAKE-INDUCED LANDSLIDING, GROUND DAMAGE, AND MM INTENSITY IN NEW ZEALAND G. T. Hancox 1, N. D. Perrin 1 and G.D. Dellow 1 ABSTRACT A study of landsliding caused by 22 historical earthquakes in New Zealand was completed at the end of 1997. The main aims of that study were to: (a) study the nature and extent of landsliding and other ground damage (sand boils, subsidence and lateral spreading due to soil liquefaction) caused by historical earthquakes; (b) determine relationships between landslide distribution and earthquake magnitude, epicentre, isoseismals, faulting, geology and topography; and (c) establish improved environmental response criteria and ground classes for assigning MM intensities and seismic hazard assessments in New Zealand. Relationships developed from the study indicate that the minimum magnitude for earthquake-induced landsliding (EIL) in N.Z. is about M 5, with significant landsliding occurring at M 6 or greater. The minimum MM intensity for landsliding is MM6, while the most common intensities for significant landsliding are MM7-8. The intensity threshold for soil liquefaction in New Zealand was found to be MM7 for sand boils, and MMS for lateral spreading, although such effects may also occur at one intensity level lower in highly susceptible materials. The minimum magnitude for liquefaction phenomena in N.Z. is about M 6, compared to M 5 overseas where highly susceptible soils are probably more widespread. Revised environmental response criteria (landsliding, subsidence, liquefaction-induced sand boils and lateral spreading) have also been established for the New Zealand MM Intensity Scale, and provisional landslide susceptibility Ground Classes developed for assigning MM intensities in areas where there are few buildings. -
St James Conservation Area Brochure
St James Conservation Area NORTH CANTERBURY Track grades Easy tramping track Hanmer Springs Moderate day or multi-day tramping/ The alpine spa resort town of Hanmer Springs is hiking the main gateway to the St James Conservation Track generally well formed, may be steep Area. rough or muddy Suitable for people with moderate fitness For complete information on accommodation, and some backcountry/remote area bike hire, transport and other Hanmer Springs experience visitor services, visit the website Track has signs, poles or markers. www.visithanmersprings.co.nz Major stream and river crossings are or contact the Hanmer Springs i-SITE Visitor bridged Centre on 0800 442 663. Light tramping/hiking boots required Tramping track Challenging day or multi-day tramping/ hiking Contact us: Track is mostly unformed with steep, rough For gate combination details, concessions, or muddy sections hunting permits and other information contact: Suitable for people with good fitness. Moderate to high-level backcountry skills DOC – Rangiora Office and experience, including navigation and 32 River Road, RANGIORA survival skills required 03 313 0820 Track has markers, poles or rock cairns 8.00 am – 5.00 pm, Monday to Friday Expect unbridged stream and river [email protected] crossings Tramping/hiking boots required Route For information on bike hire, transport and other Challenging overnight tramping/hiking accommodation go to: www.visithurunui.co.nz Track unformed and natural, may be rough and very steep Suitable for people with above-average fitness. High-level backcountry skills and Map backgrounds: Geographx experience, including navigation and All photos, unless otherwise credited, are copyright DOC. -
The Tasman District Council
Geoff Walls Philip Simpson TASMAN DISTRICT BIODIVERSITY OVERVIEW REVIEW OF INDIGENOUS ECOSYSTEMS ON PRIVATE LAND IN TASMAN DISTRICT AND OPPORTUNITIES FOR PROTECTION TECHNICAL REPORT FOR THE TASMAN DISTRICT COUNCIL Geoff Walls, Ecologist Philip Simpson, Ecologist Taramoa Limited Uruwhenua Botanicals Christchurch, New Zealand Golden Bay, New Zealand March 2004 Cover illustration: A typical landscape of Tasman District lowlands. Declining podocarp and beech treeland features on the agricultural alluvial floodplain. Willows line the river. Beech forest remains on the steeper hill-slope, while kanuka (and wilding pines) regenerates on former hill country farmland, with adjacent plantation forestry. 2 SUMMARY 1. Using published and unpublished information, discussion with experts and our own local knowledge, the authors present an overview of the protection status of all major ecosystems in each Ecological District within the Tasman District. 2. The Tasman District is large, complex and special in terms of indigenous biodiversity. Although much is contained in protected areas, there are ecological and biogeographical gaps in the protected area network, mostly in the lowlands. Many valuable opportunities for conservation of indigenous biodiversity therefore remain on private land in the district. 3. Over 62% of the land area of the district is formally protected land, but there are several ecological districts with less than 40% of their areas formally protected, namely Motueka, Moutere, Golden Bay and Reefton. 4. For each ecological district a standard set of vegetation types is assessed in terms of their original extent, their remaining extent and the proportion that is formally protected. This provides an estimate of the proportion remaining that is unprotected and is the basis of the ranking of each district and ecosystem. -
Red Deer in the Northern South Island Region : Their Early Impact
RED DEER IN THE NORTHERN SOUTH ISLAND REGION : THEIR EARLY IMPACT SYNOPSIS The impact of red deer on farm, forest and high coztntvy during the peviod 1870-1940 in the Nelson region is outlined. Very high numbers of deer built up and caused extensivk davz- age to crops, plantations and pasture. Some examples of dam- age to indigenous vegetation are recorded. Initially the most palatable species were taken, but latev marked changes became evident in the general composition and stvucture of man? vegetatio~types. INTRODUCTION In the early years of establishment, the red deer introduced in New Zealand were regarded by settlers as an asset to the community. The prospects for hunting, as well as the senti- mental, social and aesthetic attributes of the red deer were equally well recognized. Now, after 100 years of red deer occupation, and in the aftermath of serious over-population and profound effects upon habitat, new and different emphases are being placed on these animals. Despite the initial unani- mous appreciation of red deer, early reports of damage to crops soon engendered changes to the benevolent attitude. Red deer were released at Nelson City in 1861. The popula- tion increased rapidly and by the late 1870s deer had become locally numerous. About that time the first slight deer dam- age to crops was noted. For many years it was possible to keep damage to a minimum by using dogs to disperse animals trespassing on to the farmlands. By 1900, however, deer had increased to large populations in the Nelson-Waimea region. Large tracts of land had become overgrazed and an increased incidence of deer movement on to farmland, especially in winter, resulted in an upsurge of damage to crops and planta- tions. -
Zealand Gazette
! ' Jumb. 81.' ' 3037 SUPPLEMENT TO THE NEW· ZEALAND GAZETTE OF THURSDAY, OCTOBER 31, 1935. WELLINGTON, MONDAY, NOVEMBER 4, 1935. Writs for Election of Members of Parliament. [L.S.] GAL WAY, Governor-General. A PROCLAMATION. To ALL' WHOM IT MAY CONCERN: GREETING. NOW ye that. I: George Vere Arundell,. Viscou~t Galway, theGovemoI'-·Gen~I'.al of the DomInIon of New Zealand, beIng deSIrous that the General Assembly ofK New Zealand should be holden as soon as may be, -do declare that I have this day signed my Warrant directing the Clerk of the Writs to proceed with the election of members of Parliament to serve in the House of Representatives for all theelectoiVail districts within the said Dominion of New Zealand. -Given under the hand of His Excellency the Governor-'General of 'the Dominion of New Zealand, and issued under the Seal of that Dominion, this 1st day of November, 1935. 'GEO. W. FORBES.' GOD SAVE THE KING! 3038 THE NEW ZEALAND GAZETTE. [No. 81 ',r> .'.,. .. Returning Officers appointed. Registrars of Electors appointe4~ , . T is hereby notified that each of the undermentioned persons T is hereby notified that each of the undermentioned I has been appointed Returning Officer for the electoral I persons has been appointed Registrar of Electors for district the name of which appears opposite his name:- the electoral district the name of which appears opposite Erwin Sharman Molony Auckland Central. his name:- George Chetwyn Parker Auckland East. Frank Evans Auckland Central. John Laurie Auckland Suburbs. Frank Evans Auckland East. Lionel Gladstone Wood Auckland West. Frank Evans Auckland Suburbs. -
NEW ZEALAND JOURNAL of FORESTRY SCIENCE New Zealand Forest Service, Forest Research Institute, Rotorua
NZ ISSN 0048-0134 NEW ZEALAND JOURNAL OF FORESTRY SCIENCE New Zealand Forest Service, Forest Research Institute, Rotorua Editor: J. B. Lowry VOLUME 5 FEBRUARY 1976 NUMBER 3 ERUPTION, DETERIORATION AND DECLINE OF THE NELSON RED DEER HERD C M. H. CLARKE Forest Research Institute, New Zealand Forest Service, Rangiora (Received for publication 3 April 1975) ABSTRACT . Data are presented on population increase, physical deterioration and decline of red deer during the period 1900-1960, throughout the northern South Island region. Densities are mapped at decade intervals between 1910 and 1950. Popula tion numbers increased rapidly after liberation in 1861; highest densities occurred between 1925 and 1940. Population peaks varied from 3-13 years in duration 10-30 years after colonisation and were primarily influenced by food supplies and speed of population increase in the different regions. Depletion of food supplies by deer is proposed as the reason for general physical deterioration of populations during the peak eruptive period. Decline of food supplies and associated population stress, coupled with harsh winter weather (especially in 1928-31 and 1939-42) resulted in overall herd decline. INTRODUCTION The liberations and dispersal of red deer {Cervus elaphus L.) throughout the northern South Island have been described in earlier papers (Clarke, 1971, 1973). In this paper patterns of increase, physical deterioration and decline of red deer populations during the period 1900-1960 are examined throughout the northern South Island districts. Although several brief accounts of the Nelson red deer herd were published during the 1920's (Thomson, 1922; Forbes, 1924; Donne, 1924), the only recent papers are N.Z. -
Endless Connections 22.08.12
Endless Connections: New Zealand secular intentional rural communities founded in the 1970s A thesis submitted in fulfilment of the requirements for the degree of Master of Arts in History at Massey University by Robert Jenkin 22/08/2012 1 We are the music makers, And we are the dreamers of dreams, Wandering by lone sea-breakers, And sitting by desolate streams; World-losers and world-forsakers, On whom the pale moon gleams: Yet we are the movers and shakers Of the world for ever, it seems. Arthur O'Shaughnessy, 1874 2 Acknowledgements First I thank my supervisor, Dr Kerry Taylor, who encouraged me to begin this thesis and has helped me complete it, a longer process than either of us originally expected. Throughout he has encouraged and given sound advice. I am also grateful to Dr Geoff Watson, my Post Graduate Co-ordinator for his advice and support. My partner Anne, a committed member of Rainbow Valley Community for more than thirty years, helped in many ways, and came with me on some parts of my research journey, acting as a photographer at interviews. I also thank my father Ian, whose love of people and their stories distinctively shaped the way I see the world. I have been greatly helped by Olive Jones, who last year finished a PhD thesis on New Zealand communities. We shared ideas over a twelve-month period, during which time she generously let me have copies of hard-to-find but highly relevant material. Lyman Sargent in his turn supplied me with a recently updated digital version of New Zealand Intentional Communities: A Research Guide, 1 and Lucy Sargisson provided me with some of her related articles. -
Fauna of New Zealand, Website Copy
Löbl, I.; Leschen, R. A. B. 2003: Scaphidiinae (Insecta: Coleoptera: Staphylinidae). Fauna of New Zealand 48, 94 pp. INVERTEBRATE SYSTEMATICS ADVISORY GROUP REPRESENTATIVES OF L ANDCARE R ESEARCH Dr D. Choquenot Landcare Research Mount Albert Research Centre Private Bag 92170, Auckland, New Zealand Dr T.K. Crosby and Dr M.-C. Larivière Landcare Research Mount Albert Research Centre Private Bag 92170, Auckland, New Zealand REPRESENTATIVE OF UNIVERSITIES Dr R.M. Emberson Ecology and Entomology Group Soil, Plant, and Ecological Sciences Division P.O. Box 84, Lincoln University, New Zealand REPRESENTATIVE OF M USEUMS Mr R.L. Palma Natural Environment Department Museum of New Zealand Te Papa Tongarewa P.O. Box 467, Wellington, New Zealand REPRESENTATIVE OF OVERSEAS I NSTITUTIONS Dr M. J. Fletcher Director of the Collections NSW Agricultural Scientific Collections Unit Forest Road, Orange NSW 2800, Australia * * * SERIES EDITOR Dr T. K. Crosby Landcare Research Mount Albert Research Centre Private Bag 92170, Auckland, New Zealand Fauna of New Zealand Ko te Aitanga Pepeke o Aotearoa Number / Nama 48 Scaphidiinae (Insecta: Coleoptera: Staphylinidae) Ivan Löbl Muséum d’histoire naturelle, CP 64434, CH-1211 Genève 6, Switzerland [email protected] and Richard A. B. Leschen Landcare Research, Private Bag 92170, Auckland, New Zealand [email protected] Manaaki W h e n u a PRESS Lincoln, Canterbury, New Zealand 2003 4 Löbl & Leschen (2003): Scaphidiinae (Insecta: Coleoptera: Staphylinidae) Dedication Because of the extenisve work by one of us in Nepal and other regions of the Himalayas (Ivan Löbl) and our respect for mountaineering and the quest for knowledge, we dedicate this work to Sir Edmund Hillary and Sherpa Tensing to mark the 50th anniversary of their ascent to the summit of Mt Everest in 1953 (new species honouring each of these men are included in the study). -
Geology of the Nelson Area
GEOLOGY OF THE NELSON AREA M.S. RATTENBURY R.A. COOPER M.R.JOHNSTON (COM PI LERS) ....., ,..., - - .. M' • - -- Ii - -- M - - $ I e .. • • • ~ - - 1 ,.... ! • .- - - - f - - • I .. B - - - - • 'M • - I- - -- -n J ~ :; - - - " - , - " • ~ I • " - - -- ...- •" - -- ,u h ... " - ... ," I ~ - II I • ... " -~ k ". -- ,- • j " • • - - ~ I• .. u -- .. .... I. - ! - ,. I'" 3ii:: - I_ M wiI ~ .0 ~ - ~ • ~ ~ •• I ---, - - .. 0 - • • 1~!1 - , - eo - - ~ J - M - I - .... • - .. -~ -- • ,- - .. - M , • • I .. - eo -- ~ .1 - ~ - ui J -~ ~ •• , - i - - ~ • c--,- 1.10 ___ - ) ~ - .... - ~ - - 1 - -- ~ - '" - ~ ~ .. •• ~ - M - I Ito--...., •• ..-. - II - - - M ~ - I - • - 11, - • • ,- ~ - - ,e - ~ , • - ~ __- [iij.... i _ ... • ~ ~ - - ~ • "-' .. -- h ~ 1 I ~ ~ - - ~ - - • Interim New Zealand ,- 0.- ~ ~ , M ~ - geological time scale from ~ - Crampton & others (1995), " .... - ~ "I ~ •• , I - with geochronology after - , Gradslein & O9g (1996) - -- and Imbrie & others (1984). GEOLOGY OF THE NELSON AREA Scale 1:250 000 M.S. RATTENBURY R.A. COOPER M.R. J OHNSTON (COMPILERS) Institute of Geologica l & N uclear Sciences 1:250000 geological map 9 Institute of Geological & Nuclear Sciences Limited Lower Hutt, New Zealand 1998 BIB LIOG RAPHIC REFEREN CE Ra ttcnbury, M.S., Cooper. R,A .• Johnston. M.R. (co mpilers) 1998. Geology of the Nelson area. Ins titute of Geological & Nuclear Sciences 1:250000 geological map 9. 1sheet + 67 p. Lower HUll, New Zealand : Instit ute ofOeological & Nuclear Sciences Li mited. Includes mapping, compilation, and a contribution to