3.2.1 Inventory Criteria Because It Is Not Practical to Evaluate Every
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3.2 INVENTORY OF VISUALLY SENSITIVE RESOURCES 3.2.1 Inventory Criteria Because it is not practical to evaluate every conceivable location where the proposed ESL Project might be visible, it is accepted visual assessment practice to limit detailed evaluation of aesthetic impact to locations generally considered by society, through regulatory designation or policy, to be of cultural and/or aesthetic importance. In rural areas where few resources of statewide statewide significance are likely to be found, it is common practice to expand inventory criteria to include places of local sensitivity or high intensity of use. Resources of Statewide Significance – The New York State Department of Environmental Conservation Program Policy “Assessing and Mitigating Visual Impacts” (NYSDEC 2000) requires that all aesthetic resources of statewide significance be identified along with any potential adverse effects on those resources resulting from the proposed Project. Aesthetic resources of statewide significance may be derived from one or more of the following categories: A property on or eligible for inclusion in the National or State Register of Historic Places [16 U.S.C. § 470a et seq., Parks, Recreation, and Historic Preservation Law Section 14.07]; State Parks [Parks, Recreation, and Historic Preservation Law Section 3.09]; Urban Cultural Parks [Parks, Recreation, and Historic Preservation Law Section 35.15]; The State Forest Preserve [NYS Constitution Article XIV], Adirondack and Catskill Parks; National Wildlife Refuges [16 U.S.C. 668dd], State Game Refuges, and State Wildlife Management Areas [ECL 11-2105]; National Natural Landmarks [36 CFR Part 62]; The National Park System, Recreation Areas, Seashores, and Forests [16 U.S.C. 1c]; Rivers designated as National or State Wild, Scenic, or Recreational [16 U.S.C. Chapter 28, ECL 15-2701 et seq.]; A site, area, lake, reservoir, or highway designated or eligible for designation as scenic [ECL Article 49 or NYDOT equivalent and Adirondack Park Agency], designated State Highway Roadside; Scenic Areas of Statewide Significance [of Article 42 of Executive Law]; A State or federally designated trail, or one proposed for designation [16 U.S.C. Chapter 27 or equivalent]; Adirondack Park Scenic Vistas [Adirondack Park Land Use and Development Map]; State Nature and Historic Preserve Areas [Section 4 of Article XIV of the State Constitution]; Palisades Park [Palisades Interstate Park Commission]; and Bond Act Properties purchased under Exceptional Scenic Beauty or Open Space category. Empire State Line Project VRA – July 2018 #2017-051.10M Page 17 Resources of Local Interest – Places of local sensitivity or high intensity of use (based on local context) were also inventoried, even though they may not be considered to be of statewide significance. Aesthetic resources of local interest were generally derived from the following general categories: Recreation areas including playgrounds, athletic fields, boat launches, fishing access, campgrounds, picnic areas, ski centers, and other recreational facilities/attractions; Areas devoted to the conservation or the preservation of natural environmental features (e.g. reforestation areas/forest preserves, wildlife management areas, open space preserves); A bicycling, hiking, ski touring, or snowmobiling trail designated as such by a local governmental agency; Architectural structures and sites of traditional importance as designated by a local governmental agency; Parkways, highways, or scenic overlooks and vistas designated as such by a local governmental agency; Important urban landscape including visual corridors, monuments, sculptures, landscape plantings, and urban green space; Important architectural elements and structures representing community style and neighborhood character; An interstate highway or other high volume (relative to local conditions) road of regional importance; A passenger railroad or other mass transit route; and A residential area greater than 50 contiguous acres and with a density of more than one dwelling unit per acre. Other Places for Analysis – Given the rural character of much of the study area, the inventory of aesthetic resources has been further expanded to be conservatively over-inclusive. In several cases, additional locations have been included to represent visibility along (sparsely) populated roadways; these representative roadways were selected because they would be traversed by, or have visibility of, the Project.5 They may be of interest to local residents, although they are not necessarily considered representative of an aesthetically significant location. Resources of statewide significance, local interest, and other places for analysis were identified though a review of published maps and other paper documents, online research, and windshield survey of publicly accessible locations. 5 All roadways are not included, select roadways were identified in order to provide representation. Empire State Line Project VRA – July 2018 #2017-051.10M Page 18 3.2.2 Summary Characteristics of Inventoried Resources Overall Population and Density of Development – The study area is a Table 3 Demographic Summary of Study Area Municipalities (2016 ACS)6 combination of suburban and rural development. The population lives in Municipality Year Round Population Total a variety of settings including Population Density per Housing Square Mile Units community centers (i.e. village, New York State 19,673,174 420 hamlet), along roadways found Erie County 922,129 421,361 throughout the study area, and Niagara County 213,374 99,162 Town of Alden 10,235 297 3,537 neighborhoods of varying sizes. Based Town of Elma 11,702 339 4,997 on the 2016 American Community Town of Clarence 31,686 591 12,242 Survey (“ACS”), the largest population Town of Lancaster 42,725 1,126 17,858 Town of Lockport 20,237 451 8,803 resides in the Town of Lancaster, with Town of Newstead 8,687 170 3,743 the least living in the Village of Akron. Village of Akron 2,872 1,458 1,280 Although the Village of Akron has the Town of Marilla 5,364 195 2,181 Town of Royalton 7,578 108 2,971 smallest population, this community has the greatest population density within the study area compared to other local municipalities in the study area. Overall, when comparing these communities to the overall population of Erie and Niagara Counties, it only represents less than 13% of the overall population. With the exception of the Village of Akron and the Town of Lancaster, overall population density within the study area is relatively low. Table 3 summarizes these demographics for municipalities within the study area. Highway Corridors – As a result of the low population in the study area, many of the local roadways are relatively lightly traveled. However, the study area is crossed by a number of major transportation through-corridors. The primary transportation corridors, with the highest average annual daily traffic (AADT) within the study area, are the New York State Thruway (I-90), U.S. Route 20, and NYS Route 5. Table 4 summarizes the AADT for state highways within the study area. 7 Table 4 Annual Average Daily Traffic Volumes Along Select Roadways Route AADT NYS Route 93 from Akron Road to Erie County Line 1,979 NYS Route 5 from Town of Clarence (municipal line) to Buell Street 11,269 New York State Thruway (I-90) from Interchange 49 to Erie/Genesee County Line 39,750 NYS Route 33 from Ransom Road (County Route 155) to NYS Route 952Q 2,861 NYS Route 952Q from NYS Route 33 to Town of Alden (municipal line) 5,919 U.S. Route 20 from Cemetery Road (County Route 105B) to Townline Road (County Route 335) 13,223 NYS Route 354 from Bowen Road to NYS Route 954G 4,924 * With the exception of NYS Route 93, the Transmission line crosses each segment of roadway identified above. Proposed conductors are located underneath the New York State Thruway. 6 Year round population and housing obtained by 2016 ACS. Population and size (square miles) of Town/Village determine population density. 7 https://www.dot.ny.gov/tdv. All AADT’s are based on actual or forecasted counts. Empire State Line Project VRA – July 2018 #2017-051.10M Page 19 In addition to those routes identified above, there are numerous county and local roads that traverse the study area. Generally, these roads are lightly traveled. Recreation and Open Space – Visitors traveling to this area may enjoy numerous outdoor recreational activities including field sports (baseball, soccer, football), playground activities, hiking, biking, hunting, and fishing during the warmer months. Cross-country skiing, skating, sledding, and snowmobile riding are popular during the winter months. Other passive outdoor pursuits, such as wildlife viewing is common. Some of the more prominent recreational facilities are discussed below. The Tillman Road Wildlife Management Area (located approximately 1.9 miles from the nearest transmission structure) consists of 239 acres in the Town of Clarence. In order to access the property from parking lots located along Tillman Road and Shisler Road. Hiking, fishing and wildlife viewing are allowed within the property. The property features an extensive trail system, including 300 feet of boardwalk within a cattail marsh. The Tonawanda Wildlife Management Area (located approximately 1.9 miles from the nearest transmission structure) consists of 5,600 acres (most of which is located outside the study area) in the Towns of Newstead and Royalton. Within the study area, the property is accessible