Jinfeng Ma National & Local Joint Engineering Research Center of Carbon Capture and Storage Technology, Northwest University Dec 4, 2017 1. China's action and strategy for CCS

lChinese government adopted several incentive policies to promote the demonstration of CCS projects. CCS incentive policies from Chinese Government since 2006 (Li, Ma and Yang, 2015,WRI)

lThe most important government plans to realize CCS projects are: l Energy technology innovation action plan by NDRC and NEA in April 2016 l The 13th Five-Year Plan for National Scientific and Technological Innovation by MOST in August 2016 Year Agency Document The outline of the national program for long and medium 2006 The State Council of PRC term scientific and technological development (2006-2020) The National Development and Reform China’s National Climate Change Program Commission (NDRC) 2007 Ministry of Science and Technology China's national climate change technology initiative (MOST), NDRC China's Policies and Actions for Addressing Climate 2008 NDRC Change The 12th Five-Year Plan for the National Science and MOST Technology Development 2011 The 12th Five-Year Work Plan for controlling greenhouse The State Council of PRC gas emissions program MOST, Ministry of Foreign Affairs, The 12th Five-Year Plan for National climate change NDRC etc. technology development The 12th Five-Year special plan for the development of MOST clean coal technology Ministry of Industry and Information Industrial areas of the Program of Action to address Technology (MIIT), NDRC et al. climate change (2012-2020) 2012 Long term planning for the construction of national major The State Council of PRC scientific and technological infrastructure (2012-2030) Notice of NDRC on promoting carbon capture, utilization NDRC and storage pilot and demonstration Notice on strengthening the environmental protection Ministry of Environmental Protection work of carbon capture, utilization and storage (MEP) demonstration projects Year Agency Document NDRC National Climate Change Plan (2014-2020) NDRC Provisional Administrative Measures on Carbon emissions trading 2014-2015 Special Action Program for energy saving and emission MOST,MIIT reduction technology 2014 NDRC, MEP, National Energy Coal power energy saving and emission reduction promotion and Administration (NEA) improvement action plan (2014-2020)

NDRC Low carbon technology catalog of national key promotion

Chinese Government China-US Joint Announcement on Climate Change Interim Measures for the administration of subsidies for energy Ministry of Finance conservation and emission reduction

2015 The 18th Central Committee of The 13th Five-Year Plan of the Central Committee the Communist Party of China recommendations Chinese Government China-U.S. Joint Presidential Statement on Climate Change NDRC, NEA Energy technology innovation action plan Strategic emerging industries key products and services guidance NDRC 2016 directory The 13th Five-Year Plan for National Scientific and Technological MOST Innovation MOST, Ministry of Land and The 13th Five-Year Plan to deal with climate change science and 2017 Resources, China technology innovation special planning Meteorological Administration

The scientific and technological innovation 2030 project - Clean and Highly Efficient Utilization of Coal Major Program

Four fields of research: l Coal green development (40% of budget); l Highly efficient coal power generation (30% of budget); l Clean coal conversion (20% of budget); l Carbon capture, utilization and storage (10% of budget)

http://www.most.gov.cn/mostinfo/xinxifenlei/ gjkjgh/201608/t20160810_127174.htm Roadmap for Carbon Capture and Storage (CCS) demonstration and deployment in the PRC by National Development Reform Commission (NDRC) of PRC and the Asian Development Bank (ADB)

2. CCS practice and deployment in China

The planned CO2 Capture or CO2-EOR projects since 2007 (MOST, 2011) The capture capacity is beyond 500,000 tons/yr with the combination of coal chemistry and EOR and geological storage projects (MOST,2011) Priority CO2 Emission Sources and Storage Sinks in the PRC (ADB, 2015)

Six important pilot projects in China

Jilin CO2- EOR Project

Shenghua CO2 Aquifer Storage Project Shengli CO2- EOR Project

Zhongyuan CCUS Project

Eastern China CO2= carbon dioxide km= kilometers, MtCO2= million CO2-EOR tons of carbon dioxide. Source: ADB (2014d). Jingbian CCS Project Project CO2 captured from coal chemical or fertilizer plant Zhongyuan CCUS Shenhua CCS Project Jingbian CCS Project Project

Source of CO2 500,000 t/yr capture 100,000 t/yr 50,000 t/yr ability from Kaifeng, captured from captured from Xinlianxin and Ordos coal Yulin coal Zhongyuan Refining and liquefaction plant chemical factory Chemical plants Injection time April, 2009 Jan 2, 2011 Sep.4, 2012 Accumulated injected 500,000 302,365 60,000 CO2 (tons) In April 2017 Closed in April 2015 in June, 2016

Depth of Reservoir (m) 2450 1680 1550 Permeability 2.0- mD 2.8-6.6 mD 0.5-3.5 mD Porosity(%) 12.7 10 9-12

Distance and CO2 50~170 km 17 km 140 ~220 km Transport Truck Truck Truck

EOR method CO2 miscible flooding CO2 aquifer storage CO2 immiscible flooding MMV Fair Fair Fair CO2 from high concentration CO2 gas field

Jilin CO2-EOR Shengli CO2-EOR Eastern China CO2-EOR Project Project Project

Source of CO2 High CO2 + CO2 High CO2+ High CO2 separated separated from 40,000 t/yr post from nature gas nature gas combustion CO2 capture Injection time April, 2009 Jan. 2008 Jan 2, 2003 Accumulated injected 97,000 240,000 CO2 (tons) In April 2016 in April 2016 Depth of Reservoir (m) 2450 3300 1680 Permeability 3.5 mD 3.5-4.7 mD 2.8-6.6 mD

Porosity(%) 12.7 12-13 10

Distance and CO2 Truck + pipeline pipeline Truck + pipeline Transport

EOR method CO2 miscible CO2 miscible flooding CO2 miscible flooding flooding MMV Fair Good Fair Location of the Jilin oil field and project scheme of the Jilin CO2-EOR project (Zhang et al., 2015).

The first phase (2008 to present), the injected CO2 is from the nearby well Changshen4 which produces natural CO2 gas with a high purity up to 97 mol% (Zhang et al.,2015).

The second phase is an enlarged test which will be conducted in the H-79 block (2011 to present). The Changling gas field close to the H-79 block has a CO2 concentration of 21–23 mol%. A natural gas treatment plant is under plan to separate the CO2 from The produced gas stream with an annual capacity of about 600,000 tons (Zhang et al.,2015). Gao 89 area in SINOPEC Shengli Oilfield, China

Injected more than 60,000 tons CO2 and Increased oil 11,900 t by the end of 2012

CO2-EOR O i l

Nature oil production t / d

Well location of Shengli CO2-EOR project YYMM Flow chart of Shenhua’s CO2 Schematic diagram of Shenhua capture process (Wu, 2014) Aquifer CO2 storage (Wu,2014)

Injection well Monitor well #2

Monitor well #1

Shenhua aquifer storage site Several CO2-EOR projects are underway to test the efficiency of CO2 flooding in China

l CO2-EOR in PetroChina’s Changqing Oil Company at Ordos Basin, Shaanxi

l CO2-EOR in PetroChina’s Jidong Oil Company at Bohai Bay Basin, Hebei

l CO2-EOR in PetroChina’s Xinjiang Oil Company at Bohai Bay Basin, Xinjiang

l CO2-EOR in Sinopec's Jiangsu Oil Company at Subei Depression, Jiangsu

l CO2-EOR in Sinopec Northeast Oil Company Field at Songliao Basin, Jilin

Miscible CO2-EOR may increase oil production from 12%-19% and immiscible CO2-EOR may increase oil production from 4%-8% comparing with water flooding in China. Potential million tons full chain CCUS projects in China

Company or Yanchang Sinopec Shenhua Group Huaneng Energy Project Petroleum Zhongyuan Oil name Group Company

Government China-US High CO2-EOR Taking lead in Taking lead in pre- agreement presidential efficiency post-combustion combustion capture or plan Climate Change 500,000 capture + CO2- + CO2-EOR project, Statement,2015 tons/y EOR project, 2017 Capture ability 2017 Government NDRC, Shaanxi Sinopec, 2030 Clean coal 2030 Clean coal and Support DRC Henan DRC and efficiency efficiency use use project of project of MOST MOST Capture or Capturing Already Capturing 1 Capturing 1 million storage 370,000 tons/y reached million ton/y ton/y capacity By 2020 150,000 By 2025 By 2030 tons/y injection ability 2.1 Jingbian CCS Project

Coal Production of Oil & Gas Equivalent production in 2016 Shaanxi in 2016

Yanchang Petroleum Group Changqing Oil Company (PetroChina) 511.5137 MT (497.695 in 11.05 MT (12.41 in 2015) 53.00MT (54.80 in 2015) 2015)

Map of China Structure of Ordos Basin

Location of Jingbian Field and CCS site (Red box). Source of CO2 is captured from Yulin Coal Chemical Company of Yanchang Petroleum in Yulin City (Blue box). Project Timeline

Description Important Date Project start date January 1, 2012. Northwest University and Shaanxi Yanchang Petroleum Group started to implement Jingbian CCS Project sponsored by the National High Technology Research and Development Program (863 Project).

CO2 injection start date September 4, 2012.

CO2 capture start date November 29, 2012, at Yulin Coal Chemical Company. GCCSI started to sponsor July 2, 2013. Becoming China’s Sep.5, 2014. The National Development and Reform Demonstration Project Commission (NDRC) chose Jingbian CCS Project as a key low carbon demonstration project of China. 863 project of the first phase June 12, 2015 finished Recognized by CSLF June 15,2015

Amount of injected CO2 about 60,000 tons by the end of June, 2016. China-U.S. Joint Presidential Planning 1 M tons CCUS project. Statement on Climate Change NDRC and ADB prepared TA project. CO2 Capture and Transportation l Yulin Coal Chemical Company of Shaanxi Yanchang Petroleum Group will produce acetic acid 1 million tons/year. In its first phase, it has been producing acetic acid about 200, 000 tons/year with CO2 emission about 52,000 tons/year since March, 2011. l The capture technology is rectisol, the CO2 concentration of product is about more than 99.9%. The cost for CO2 capture is about USD18.8. CO2 Compression Refrigerating System

25 tons tanker

Yulin Coal Chemical

1 4 Cluster wells 0 k m Jingbian Oilfield 8 0 k Wumqi Oilfield (3)Measurement, Monitoring and Verification and CO2-EOR

Storage volume, structural Confirmation of wellbore and stratigraphic traps, integrity, and anticorrosion, fault seal, seal thickness, CO2 plume movement. CO2 capillary pressures, geomechnics, geochemistry, What we reservoir simulation, etc. Confirmation of secondary have been trapping and safety of studying caprock. More accurate reservoir in parameters from well log Jingbian Fast and online monitoring analysis and rock sample. Field? techniques near surface and at atmosphere.

Environmental effect of CO2 Efficiency of CO2-EOR and leakage (Soil, groundwater, Injection Strategy temperature, animals, plants, microbe, etc.). (4) Field experiment of CO2-EOR

Started Current Accunulated Injection injection injection Current Well No. injectionvolu Date Pressure pressure status me (t) (MPa) (MPa)

Mar.23 45543 2.0 8.2 6426.4 Normal , 2013

Stopped in Nov, 45543- Sep.4, 2012 and 4.0 6.0 1724.78 reinjecte 03 2012 d in March, 2014

Legend 45543- Mar.23 1.6 8.7 7808.95 Normal 05 , 2013 Oil Well

45543- June 8, CO2 Injection Well 4.0 5.8 254.20 Normal 08 2014 Primary benefit well 45543- June 8, 3.5 4.5 243.1 Normal 09 2014 Indirect benefit well

Accumulated volume of CO2 injection till June 19,2014: 15736.4 t

Accumulated CO2 injection was 60,000 tons by the end of June , 2016 2.2 Zhongyuan CCS Project

Tectonic units division and hydrocarbon distribution of the Dongpu Depression,ZHongyuan Oil Company (Jiang et al.,2016) Development of CO2-EOR and Storage Techniques in Sinopec Zhongyuan Oilfield (GCCSI, 2017) Henan Xinlianxin Shenleng Energy CO.,LTD Zhongyuan Oilfield Petrochemical Tail gas source: Synthetic Plant ammonia (87% CO2 concentration) Tail gas source: Catalytic cracking Capture technology: heat pump of flue gas (14% CO2 concentration) distillation carbon capture Capture technology: MEA technology Capture ability: 100,000 tons Capture ability: 400,000 tons /year; /year; Purity of CO2 : 99.99% or more Purity of CO2 : 99.99% or more

Tail gas CO2 capture from Synthetic ammonia device Since 2007, Chinese oil company Sinopec has been injecting CO2 for EOR in abandoned water-flooded oil reservoirs and low permeability oil reservoirs in the Zhongyuan Oilfield. They have been developing and improving techniques for CO2 capture, CO2 injection, reservoir storage and CO2 storage monitoring. The projects in the cities of Puyang, Xinxiang and Kaifeng of Henan Province have reached annual capture capability of one million tons CO2 to date. The CO2 injection achieved to 160,000 tons have been injected annually, with a total injection of around 0.5 million tons and an increase in production of around 0.1 million tons crude oil.

The CO2-EOR and storage of abandoned water-flooded oil reservoirs developed by Zhongyuan Oilfield drew attention to CO2 storage from other enterprises in the Henan Province, thereby enhancing exploration of poor-quality reservoirs and stimulating a new mode of CO2 storage and utilization through coordination of enterprises from areas of capture, utilization and mechanical manufacture.

CO2 Injection Site CO2 -EOR Well Water flooding CO2-EOR T e n

t h o u

s Year a n

Pu1-d 1: injected CO2 34748 t Pu1-59: injected CO2 59153 t

t /

Pu1-y 90: injected CO2 34978 t Pu1-88: injected CO2 35824 t

Pu1-309: injected CO216346 t Pu1-78: injected CO2 19908 t

Pu1-313: injected CO2 33205 t Pu1-26: injected CO2 19788 t

Pu1-72: injected CO2 27965 t Pu1-312: injected CO2 21621 t

Pu1-66: injected CO2 11287 t Pu1-64: injected CO2 5855 t

Pucheng Field of Sinopec's Zhuangyuan Oil Company has injected CO2 320,678 t since 2007. Oil recovery is over 10% in this 90% water cut reservoir.