Heritage Statement Prepared for Tfl May 2021

Hammersmith Bridge Temporary Ferry Crossing Heritage Statement Prepared for TfL May 2021

Alan Baxter Hammersmith Bridge Temporary Ferry Crossing Heritage Statement / 1817-125 / 05/21 Alan Baxter Hammersmith Bridge Temporary Ferry Crossing Heritage Statement Prepared for TfL May 2021

Contents Executive Summary ��1 Appendix A: Sources ��57 1.0 Introduction ��3 Appendix B: Legislation, policy and guidance ��59 2.0 Understanding the Site ��9 Appendix C: Greater London Historic Environment Record search map ��64 3.0 Assessment of significance ��38 Appendix D: Hammersmith Bridge List Description ��68 4.0 Heritage Impact Assessment ��51 Appendix E: Conservation Area Maps ��70 5.0 Conclusion ��56

Hammersmith Bridge Temporary Ferry Crossing Heritage Statement / 1817-125 / 05/21 Alan Baxter

Executive Summary

Executive Summary Purpose of this report In 1887, Hammersmith Bridge was rebuilt to the designs of Sir Joseph Bazalgette. This bridge survives today and was listed at Grade II* in 1970. Alan Baxter has been appointed by TfL to carry out a Heritage Statement for proposals to construct a Temporary Ferry Crossing for Pedestrians and Cyclists The twentieth century brought great changes to the north river bank, with (hereafter ‘Temporary Ferry Crossing’) across the River Thames just downstream the factories and riverside wharfs gradually becoming vacant and eventually of the Grade II* listed Hammersmith Bridge replaced during the later twentieth and early twenty-first centuries with low and mid-rise residential developments. The stretch of the River Thames The heritage context between Queen Caroline Street and Fulham Football Ground to the south was The proposed location of the Temporary Ferry Crossing is surrounded by a designated as the Fulham Reach Conservation Area by the London Borough range of designated and non-designated heritage assets that collectively tell of Hammersmith and Fulham in 1991.The southern riverbank remained less the story of the changing character of the Hammersmith riverfront and Barnes intensely developed, with the only major addition being the grand Harrods peninsula. The Hammersmith riverfront was a hub of commerce and industry for Depository on the riverfront downstream of Hammersmith Bridge in 1914, many centuries. Between the seventeenth to nineteenth centuries, its proximity which is now a Grade II listed building. The differing histories of the north to the expanding city of London led to the construction of many fine houses and south banks remain apparent today in the contrast between the heavily along the riverfront, some of which survive today within The Mall Conservation urbanised northern riverfront and the softer, tree-lined southern bank. Area, designated by the London Borough of Hammersmith and Fulham. Some of these fine houses were replaced by large factories and industrial buildings in Many of the heritage assets in the vicinity of the Site are of considerable the later nineteenth century, giving the Hammersmith riverfront a very mixed architectural, artistic and historic interest. Many of their settings are defined by character. their relationship to the River Thames and often the best views of these heritage assets are from the Thames Path that runs along the north and south banks. In 1827, the first suspension bridge across the River Thames was built at Hammersmith, connecting the village to the Barnes peninsula, then still almost Hammersmith Bridge is of exceptional architectural, historical and artistic entirely in agricultural use. Construction of the bridge spurred the development interest, and contributes greatly to the setting of several nearby heritage assets, of a desirable neighbourhood of villas and terraces along the road leading from as well as to the character and appearance of three conservation areas. the bridge to the village of Barnes to the south. This neighbourhood, which later became known as Castelnau, was designated as a conservation area in 1977 by the London Borough of Richmond upon Thames.

Hammersmith Bridge Temporary Ferry Crossing Heritage Statement / 1817-125 / 05/21 1 Alan Baxter Executive Summary

Summary of the proposals Impact of the proposals The scheme comprises a Temporary Ferry Crossing (anticipated to be in place The Temporary Ferry Crossing will not impact the overall heritage significance up to three years) to facilitate cycling and pedestrian movements across the of any nearby heritage asset. The piers will be temporary, lightweight and River Thames between Hammersmith and Barnes (Richmond) whilst the Grade functional structures that are in-keeping with other piers along this section of II* listed Hammersmith Bridge is closed. The Temporary Ferry Crossing will the Thames. They will float with the tides, being either level or slightly lower be removed upon the completion of the major repairs required to enable the than the embankments on either side of the River Thames and well below the Hammersmith Bridge to be fully reopened. level of Hammersmith Bridge.

Hammersmith and Fulham The Hammersmith Pier will land on the historic Hammersmith Drawdock, a The proposed Hammersmith Pier is to land on the slipway located at the end Local Building of Merit. This will, temporarily, better reveal its significance as of Queen Caroline Street. A 125m long modular floating walkway will span a river access point (it is currently only rarely used). The Hammersmith Pier, between the flood defence wall and a second-hand barge, modified for use as in order to maintain a through route for river traffic, must be longer than its a pier. The barge will be restrained by a pair of spud legs and will be skewed Richmond equivalent. Although this additional length will make it more visible downstream to facilitate passage of large vessels beneath Hammersmith bridge. in both longer- and shorter-range views, it is not considered to be unduly prominent in such views as to detract from an appreciation of nearby heritage Richmond assets. As such, the Temporary Ferry Crossing will not impact views either across The proposed Barnes Pier is formed from the old Savoy pier. Access to the the River Thames of either bank or of the River Thames from the Bridge itself. pier is by a 35m aluminium linkspan connecting to the landside tow path. The The proposals comply with national, regional and local policies relating to the towpath is located beneath flood defence level and floods on large tides. As historic environment, namely Policy HC1 of the London Plan, Policy DC8 of the part of the works, a 45m lightweight steel frame walkway will be installed to London Borough of Hammersmith and Fulham’s Local Plan and Policies LP3 and allow dry access to the pier. LP4 of LB the London Borough of Richmond upon Thames’s Local Plan.

Hammersmith Bridge Temporary Ferry Crossing Heritage Statement / 1817-125 / 05/21 2 Alan Baxter 1.0 Introduction 1.0 Introduction Purpose of this report • To enable pedestrians and cyclists to be able to cross the River Thames safely during the restoration of the Hammersmith Bridge; 1.1. This Heritage Statement has been prepared by Alan Baxter on behalf of Transport for London (TfL), in support of full planning applications for a • To maintain connectivity across the River Thames in the vicinity of Temporary Pedestrian and Cycle Ferry Crossing operating across the River Hammersmith Bridge to allow uninterrupted crossing for pedestrians and Thames between Hammersmith (to the north) and Barnes (to the south). This cyclists until the restoration of the Hammersmith Bridge is complete; and Temporary Ferry Crossing will lie to the east of the Grade II* listed Hammersmith Bridge which is closed to all road traffic. • To facilitate the efficient delivery of the restoration of Hammersmith Bridge.

Background The Scheme 1.2. Hammersmith Bridge was closed to road traffic indefinitely in April 2019, 1.5. The scheme comprises a Temporary Ferry Crossing (anticipated to be as it was found to have critical faults which required an immediate reduction in in place up to three years) to facilitate cycling and pedestrian movements its live loading to prevent a catastrophic collapse. across the River Thames between Hammersmith in the London Borough of Hammersmith and Fulham (hereafter LB Hammersmith and Fulham) and Barnes 1.3. Hammersmith Bridge provides a major link between Richmond and in the London Borough of Richmond upon Thames (hereafter LB Richmond) Hammersmith and beyond. For people living south of the River Thames it whilst the Grade II* listed Hammersmith Bridge is closed. The Temporary Ferry provides access to London Underground services at Hammersmith station. Crossing will be removed upon the completion of the major repairs required to Until its closure four bus routes provided regular services across the bridge. enable the Hammersmith Bridge to be fully reopened. Alternative crossing points are a significant distance away with Chiswick and Putney Bridges both being approximately 4km to the west and east 1.6. The construction of a Temporary Ferry Crossing supports the National respectively. Planning Policy Framework, the Mayors Transport Strategy and London Plan, and at a local level the LB Hammersmith and Fulham and LB Richmond’s 1.4. Whilst Hammersmith Bridge remains open for pedestrians and cyclists connectivity and movement policies, by providing a safe and usable structure the numbers have significantly increased with the termination of bus routes for pedestrians and cyclists thus retaining cross River Thames connections while either end of the bridge. This situation is the subject of regular safety reviews the main bridge is closed and repaired. which could result in the bridge being completely closed should the safety of users be compromised by a deterioration in the condition of the structure. 1.7. The provision of a Temporary Ferry Crossing for the duration of the There is consequently a need for a temporary crossing for pedestrian and Hammersmith Bridge restoration supports the healthy streets approach by cyclists in this location. providing a safe, quiet, separated route for pedestrians and cyclists that is easy to use and designed with the needs of all users in mind. The objectives for this project are:

Hammersmith Bridge Temporary Ferry Crossing Heritage Statement / 1817-125 / 05/21 3 Alan Baxter 1.0 Introduction

N N © OS Opendata

Fig. 1: Location map Fig. 2: Site plan

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Proposed Design Structure Hammersmith and Fulham 1.14. The report is divided into 7 sections: 1.8. The proposed Hammersmith Pier is to land on the slipway located at • The preceding executive summary; the end of Queen Caroline Street. The slipway is seldom used and is closed off • This introduction outlining methodology, location and designations (Section with timber flood boards. Access to the pier is to be via a lightweight steel ramp 1); which will span over the flood boards. • An understanding of the history and development of the Site and its 1.9. A 125m long modular floating walkway (using units by EZ Dock) will span surrounding area (Section 2); between the flood defence wall and a second-hand barge, modified for use as a • An assessment of the significance of heritage assets in the vicinity of the Site pier. The walkway will be restrained by 12 tubular piles of up to 0.5m diameter. (Section 3); The required piling is to be minimised to avoid major impacts and disturbance • An assessment of the impact of the proposals upon the significance of of the river environment. nearby heritage assets (Section 4); • A conclusion of the impact of the proposed ferry crossing (Section 5); 1.10. The barge will be restrained by a pair of spud legs – these have been • And Appendices A to E, comprising a list of consulted sources, the relevant selected given their temporary nature and lesser impact when compared to national, regional and local legislation, policy and guidance, the Greater piles. The pier is skewed downstream to facilitate passage of large vessels London Historic Environment Record (GLHER) map, the National Heritage beneath Hammersmith bridge (the bridge is open for occasional navigation List description for Hammersmith Bridge, and maps of The Mall, Fulham when no works are in progress on the bridge). Reach and Castelnau Conservation Areas.

Richmond 1.15. In accordance with pre-application discussions between the project team 1.11. The proposed Barnes Pier is formed from the old Savoy pier, itself a and the local planning authorities, each section describes the heritage assets temporary structure, which will be repurposed for this development. The on the north bank (within the London Borough of Hammersmith and Fulham pontoon will be modified such that is restrained by a pair of spud legs rather – hereafter LB Hammersmith and Fulham) first, followed by the heritage assets than its current radial arms to minimise impact on the foreshore. on the south bank (within the London Borough of Richmond upon Thames, hereafter LB Richmond). 1.12. Access to the pier is by a 35m aluminium linkspan, with clear width 2.5m, connecting to the landside tow path.

1.13. The towpath is located beneath flood defence level and floods on large tides. As part of the works, a 45m lightweight steel frame walkway will be installed to allow dry access to the pier., the clear width of this structure will be a minimum of 2.5m to suit segregated pedestrian and cycle traffic.

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Methodology, sources and limitations 1.20. The heritage assets discussed in this report were identified during the baseline study as potentially experiencing visual impacts from the proposals, 1.16. This report is based on site visits in 2019 and 2020 and desk-based with a central criterium being the likely indivisibility between the asset and the research which included analysis of historic plans shared by Pell Frischmann. proposed bridge. Due to the proposed bridge’s low height, this largely means 1.17. This report was written during the Covid-19 pandemic, meaning that heritage assets on the waterfront. Where more distant views from heritage visits to archives and libraries were not possible. Research into the history assets within The Mall Conservation Area are potentially impacted, the impact is and significance of the heritage assets discussed herein is based on reputable discussed in terms of the conservation area, rather than individual buildings. sources available online and archival research undertaken for the preparation 1.21. It is the nature of existing buildings that details of their construction and of the Hammersmith Bridge Statement of Significance (Alan Baxter, 2019, development may be hidden or may not be apparent from a visual inspection. unpublished). The Greater London Historic Environment Record was consulted The conclusions and any advice contained in our reports — particularly relating in November 2019 as part of the research for the Statement of Significance, and to the dating and nature of the fabric — are based on our research, and on its findings informed this Heritage Statement. observations and interpretations of what was visible at the time of our site 1.18. Some secondary sources have proved particularly useful in visits. Further research, investigations or opening up works may reveal new understanding the history and significance of the Site, and much of the information which may require such conclusions and advice to be revised. information contained within this report is based on these sources. These are listed below, as well as contained in the bibliography in Appendix A:

• Charles Hailstone. 1987. Hammersmith Bridge (London: Barnes & Mortlake Society) • LB Richmond. nd. Castelnau Conservation Area Study • LB Hammersmith and Fulham. 1997. The Mall Conservation Area Character Profile • LB Hammersmith and Fulham. 1997. Fulham Reach Conservation Area Character Profile

1.19. The report’s structure and content is based on best-practice guidance regarding the production of heritage statements as outlined in Historic England’s Statements of Heritage Significance: Analysing Significance in Heritage Assets: Advice Note 12 (2019) and the LB Richmond’s Heritage Statements planning advice note (2017).

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Designations 1.23. On the northern bank, the Site includes Hammersmith Drawdock, which is a Local Building of Merit (and therefore a non-designated heritage 1.22. The Site boundary for the Temporary Ferry Crossing lies within asset) within LB Hammersmith and Fulham. The Site also passes through two three conservation areas. The northern section of the ferry crossing passes Archaeological Priority Areas - one along each foreshore and riverfront. The through The Mall Conservation Area (designated in 1971) and Fulham Reach impact of the proposals on archaeology is not assessed in this report. Conservation Area (designated in 1991) within the London Borough of Hammersmith & Fulham, while the southern section of the ferry crossing lies 1.24. In addition, the Site boundary lies within the setting of a number of other within the Castelnau Conservation Area (designated in 1977) within the London designated and non-designated heritage assets (see Fig. 3: Designations plan Borough of Richmond upon Thames. on page 8).

Heritage assets discussed in this report

Location Location Heritage asset Designation Heritage asset Designation on plan on plan

The Mall Conservation Area Conservation Area 9 No. 7 Lower Mall Grade II

10 No. 6 Lower Mall Grade II Fulham Reach Conservation Area Conservation Area 11 Digby Mansions Local Building of Merit Castelnau Conservation Area Conservation Area 12 Nos. 107-109 Hammersmith Bridge Local Building of Merit Road (Old City Arms Public House) 1 Hammersmith Bridge Grade II* 13 Hammersmith Drawdock Local Building of Merit 2 No. 22 Lower Mall Grade II 14 River wall Local Building of Merit 3 No. 15 Lower Mall (Rutland Arms) Local Building of Merit 15 Harrods Depository Grade II 4 No. 14 Lower Mall (Auriol Rowing Club) Local Building of Merit 16 Nos. 1-76 Riverview Gardens Locally listed 5 Nos. 11-12 Lower Mall Grade II 17 The Lodge, Riverview Gardens Locally listed 6 No. 10 Lower Mall (Kent House) Grade II 18 Nos. 1-30 Castelnau Mansions Locally listed 7 No. 9 Lower Mall Grade II 19 K6 telephone kiosk on Castelnau Grade II 8 No. 8 Lower Mall Grade II

Hammersmith Bridge Temporary Ferry Crossing Heritage Statement / 1817-125 / 05/21 7 Alan Baxter 2.0 Understanding the Site

N © ABA

3 4 5 6 12 7 8 9 10

14 19 16 15 18

Fig. 3: Designations plan The Mall Conservation Area Fulham Reach Conservation Area Grade II* listed (LB Hammersmith and Fulham) (LB Hammersmith and Fulham) Hammersmith Odeon Castelnau Conservation Area (LB Grade II listed Conservation Area Richmond) Locally listed/local building (LB Hammersmith and Fulham) of merit

Hammersmith Bridge Temporary Ferry Crossing Heritage Statement / 1817-125 / 05/21 8 Alan Baxter 2.0 Understanding the Site 2.0 Understanding the Site Introduction B R Davies’ Map of London and its Environs, 1841 2.4. Hammersmith has expanded into the surrounding agricultural land and 2.1. This section provides an overview of the historical development of is now linked to the Barnes peninsula via Hammersmith Bridge, built in 1827. Hammersmith and Castelnau in the vicinity of the Site. A new road, Upper Bridge Street, leads directly from the bridge to the village, Map progression running parallel to the older route between the village and the waterfront, Queen Street. John Rocque’s Map of London, 1746 2.2. Hammersmith comprises an inland village arranged around a crossroads, 2.5. Lower Bridge Street and Lonsdale Road have been laid out in Castelnau linked via a main street to a riverside community. Most of the land north of the and the first few houses – Castelnau Villas – have been built. The first two River Thames remains in agricultural use. reservoirs of the West Middlesex Waterworks have been completed on the western side of the peninsula. 2.3. South of the River Thames, the Barnes peninsula is almost entirely in agricultural use, with one building, ‘Sneekenhall’, on the western side of the peninsula.

N N © ABA © British Library

Fig. 3: Designations plan

Fig. 4: John Rocque’s Map of London, 1746 Fig. 5: B R Davies’ Map of London and its Environs, 1841

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OS Map of Hammersmith & Castelnau, 1893 OS Map of Hammersmith & Castelnau, 1950 2.6. Hammersmith has massively expanded, with the entire area between the 2.8. North of the River Thames, the Great West Road has been built, cutting River Thames and the main east-west road (King Street) having been developed. through the north-south roads between King Street and the River Thames and The area is a mixture of housing and large-scale riverfront industry. effectively severing Hammersmith’s riverfront from its hinterland. The riverfront is a mixture of industrial and residential uses. To the west of Hammersmith 2.7. South of the River Thames, Castelnau has expanded more modestly, Bridge Hammersmith Creek has been infilled and Furnivall Gardens laid out in with new streets developed north of Lonsdale Road. The West Middlesex Water its former location. Works have expanded round the top of the peninsula as far as Hammersmith Bridge. To the east of Castelnau (formerly Lower Bridge Street), the soap factory 2.9. Much new housing has been built south of the River Thames, to the built in 1857 is now labelled as ‘Depository’, indicating its acquisition by Harrods south of Lonsdale Road and to the west of Castelnau. To the south of the Department Store. Harrods Dispensary, the Barn Elms Reservoir has been constructed.

N N © ABA © ABA

Fig. 6: OS Map of Hammersmith & Castelnau, 1893 Fig. 7: OS Map of Hammersmith & Castelnau, 1950

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History of the north bank 2.11. The earliest settlement in the area is thought to have been along the River Thames and concentrated around Hammersmith Creek, which historically Early history flowed into the River Thames between today’s Lower Mall and Upper Mall. The 2.10. Although the name ‘Hamersmyth’ does not appear until 1294, the area it creek was navigable into the nineteenth century and was the hub of riverside denotes is thought to have been settled for thousands of years, with evidence industry with boatbuilders and malt houses lining its banks. As river trade of pre-historic and Roman habitation. The GLHER records many archaeological declined so too did the importance and maintenance of the creek, and it was finds along the riverfront as well as further inland around the modern centre filled in 1936, with Furnivall Gardens being laid out on its former site in 1951 of Hammersmith, spanning from the Roman to post-medieval periods. following clearance of bomb-damaged buildings. Hammersmith developed as a fishing village during the Saxon period with its gravel foreshore offering an attractive landing place for boats in comparison 2.12. Hammersmith’s communities appear to have remained a rather to the marshes more common along the Thames. At the time of the Domesday disparate set of hamlets into the seventeenth century, and it was only after the Book (1086), the area was a part of the Bishop of London’s Manor of ‘Fuleham’. construction of a chapel of ease in 1630 (later rebuilt as St Paul’s Church in 1883) that a village began to coalesce around a centre inland from the riverfront.

Fig. 8: St Paul’s Church, Hammersmith, c.1800

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2.13. This village was focussed on the crossroads between an important road 2.15. By 1746, Hammersmith (or ‘Hamersmith’) is depicted on John Rocque’s leading towards London from the west, King Street, and a north-south road map as comprising an inland centre arranged around a junction between leading from the village to the riverfront. roads running east to west and north to south, and a string of buildings lining the riverfront from north of Brandenburgh House into neighbouring Chiswick. 2.14. Like much of the Thames west of London, Hammersmith became a However, most of present-day Hammersmith remained in agricultural use popular destination to escape the city for more healthier surroundings, and predominantly as market gardens into the nineteenth century. many fine houses were built along the riverfront between the early-seventeenth and early-nineteenth centuries. One of these was Brandenburgh House, an early Palladian mansion built in the 1620s and famously the residence of Caroline of Brunswick, the wife of King George IV. Following Caroline’s death in 1821, Brandenburgh House was demolished (see Fig. 9) and the site was later turned over to industrial use. © British Library

Fig. 9: Watercolour of Brandenburgh House by an unknown artist, 1770

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1827-1900 – The growth of Hammersmith 2.16. By the early nineteenth century, Hammersmith was established as a popular, if relatively small, neighbourhood a short distance from London. The riverfront was both a hive of commercial activity and the location of many fine houses, with local residents including the painter J.M.W. Turner from 1806 to © Illustrated London News © Illustrated 1811. However, the lack of a river crossing meant that residents wishing to cross the River Thames with a cart or horse had to make a five-mile detour via Kew Bridge to the west or Putney Bridge to the east. Pedestrians had a shorter though no less inconvenient journey, with the option to walk to Chiswick Wharf where a ferry service ran to Ferry Lane in Barnes.

2.17. In 1823 a group of local residents formed the Hammersmith Bridge Company and a year later successfully campaigned for an enabling act from Parliament to allow the construction of a bridge over the River Thames from Hammersmith to the Barnes peninsula. The bridge was designed by a resident of Hammersmith, the engineer William Tierney Clark (1783-1852) who developed ambitious plans for a suspension bridge, still a relatively new Fig. 10: Crowds watching the Boat Race from Tierney Clark’s Hammersmith Bridge, 1872 technology at the time. The proposals were appealing due to the comparatively low construction cost and the wide central span that would keep the waterway open and unimpeded. His plans accepted, Tierney Clark’s bridge was built between 1825 and 1827. When the bridge opened, it was the longest suspension bridge in the world and the first over the River Thames, receiving great acclaim.

2.18. The construction of Hammersmith Bridge catalysed development on both sides of the River Thames, with Hammersmith experiencing significant Archives & Fulham © Hammersmith industrial and residential growth during the mid- and late-nineteenth century. Industrial works and wharfs sprung up along the riverfront replacing several of the earlier mansions. One of the first larger-scale works was the Haig Distillery, which opened in 1857 on the former site of Brandenburgh House. In 1872, the Manbre Saccharine Works opened alongside the distillery on the remaining part of Brandenburgh’s grounds (see Fig. 11). Fig. 11: Manbre Saccharine Works, c.1900

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2.19. Wharves were built in the vicinity of the bridge. A drawdock adjacent to 2.23. By the turn of the century, Hammersmith was an important residential the bridge, which survives today, provided the main access point to the River and industrial neighbourhood, fully integrated into the London metropolis. Thames. Barges were loaded with goods from the local works and remaining The riverfront remained a desirable location for the wealthy, with the designer market gardens for transport downstream to London, or offloading their goods and writer, William Morris, living at Upper Mall from 1878 to 1896. The district into horse-drawn carts who proceeded onward to Hammersmith and London of Hammersmith was transferred from the County of Middlesex to the newly via Queen Street (later renamed Queen Caroline Street). By 1887, Queen’s Wharf, created County of London (administered by the London County Council) in which sat adjacent to the drawdock, housed the Rosser & Russell Engineering 1889 and the parish became the Metropolitan Borough of Hammersmith 11 Works, which manufactured heating and ventilation systems, whose buildings years later in 1900. were built up to the water’s edge. The GLHER states that the firm purchased Queen’s Wharf in 1874. Immediately to the east was an ironworks (see Fig. 12).

2.20. Behind the riverfront industrial area, rows of terraces were built across the former agricultural land, ranging from cottages to house the local industrial workers to finer houses catering for city workers, with Hammersmith’s reputation as a fashionable place remaining despite its increasing industrialisation. Residential and industrial growth was further accelerated by the arrival of the Hammersmith & City Railway (now the London Underground’s Hammersmith & City line), in 1864, followed by the extension of the District © Hammersmith & Fulham Local Archives Local & Fulham © Hammersmith Railway to Hammersmith 10 years later in 1874.

2.21. Traffic across Hammersmith Bridge had gradually increased throughout the nineteenth century. It increased sharply in 1877, after it was freed from tolls by the Metropolitan Board of Works (MBW), who had purchased the eleven privately-built and managed Thames bridges, including Hammersmith. This, combined with the increasing weight of vehicles with the arrival of road haulage steam engines, led to concerns over the strength of Tierney Clark’s bridge. Fig. 12: View of Queen’s Wharf, adjacent to the drawdock, 1900

2.22. To remedy these issues, the bridge was effectively rebuilt in 1886-7 to designs by the MBW’s Chief Engineer, Sir Joseph Bazalgette. Bazalgette retained and strengthened Tierney Clark’s original piers to save costs, but built a new, stronger suspension system and light-weight towers out of iron and steel, increasing the width and loading capacity of the bridge in the process. Bazalgette’s new bridge opened on 18 June 1887 and further catalysed development on both sides of the River Thames.

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Twentieth-century developments motley arrangement of Victorian workshops. The rear parts of the complex were 2.24. The twentieth century brought increasing industrialisation to similarly redeveloped during the 1970s. However, by the 1960s industry along the Hammersmith’s riverfront, with the Survey of London recording in 1915 that the River Thames was in decline and one by one the factories closed down. Since the ensuing loss of many of the Upper and Lower Mall’s finest houses was causing 1980s, the former industrial works have gradually been replaced with housing. ‘the peaceful and picturesque hamlet’ to become ‘seriously imperilled’ (see Fig. 13). 2.27. In 1933 the iron foundry adjacent to the Rosser & Russell works on Queens Wharf, which had been partially rebuilt during the 1920s, was converted 2.25. Hammersmith was heavily bombed during the Second World War, with into film studios by the Triumph Film Company. The BBC bought the studio in the riverfront area south of King Street being particularly affected. Many of the 1954 and renamed it BBC Riverside Television Studios. Many famous TV series buildings between today’s Upper Mall and Lower Mall were destroyed. After the were filmed there, including Dr Who and Hancock’s Half Hour. According to the war they were cleared and a new public park, Furnivall Gardens, opened in their GLHER, the BBC vacated the site in 1974, at which point the building became an place in 1951. Many of the Victorian terraces south of the Great West Road were arts centre under the name ‘Riverside Studios’. replaced during the post-war years by local authority estates, such as the Queen Caroline Estate built along Queen Caroline Street in the 1940s and 50s. 2.28. North of the riverfront, the extension of the Great West Road eastward through Hammersmith during the 1950s and 1960s, and the construction of the 2.26. Industrial activity along the River Thames initially continued after the war. Hammersmith Flyover and gyratory system, fundamentally changed the urban The waterfront buildings of the Rosser & Russell works were redeveloped by the fabric of the area, effectively severing the historic connection between the same company in 1953, with a large concrete and steel building replacing the riverside quarter and Hammersmith town centre. © Britain from Above from © Britain

Fig. 13: Aerial view of Hammersmith and Castelnau, 1938

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Recent years 2.29. The Hammersmith & Fulham riverfront, particularly between © ABA Hammersmith Bridge and Fulham Football Ground, has experienced a dramatic transformation over the past thirty years, with nearly all the old industrial buildings being demolished and replaced by flat complexes.

2.30. Between 2014 and 2019, Riverside Studios and the 1950s Rosser & Russell building on Queen’s Wharf (see Fig. 14), by then converted into offices, were demolished and a new housing development incorporating studio facilities for theatre and television was built in their place, retaining the name Riverside Studios (see Fig. 15). The GLHER records that during the demolition of the existing buildings, a seventeenth or eighteenth century wall was found in the west of the site which may have been an earlier river wall or part of a riverside building. The wall had been truncated and was covered by made ground. As part of the development, a new section of the Thames Path was created, connecting Fulham Reach to the Lower Mall. Fig. 14: Queens Wharf and Riverside Studios prior to demolition, 2014 2.31. In April 2019, Hammersmith Bridge was closed to road traffic after cracks

were discovered in the suspension system’s northern pedestals. Cycle and © ABA pedestrian access has remained in place while initial investigative works have taken place.

Fig. 15: Riverside Studios residential development, 2020

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Heritage assets on the North Bank 2.32. The following pages provide a brief description of the designated and non-designated heritage assets north of the River Thames that have been identified as potentially experiencing a change in their significance and/or setting due to the construction of the Temporary Ferry Crossing, following site

visits and desk-based research. For the location of the assets, please refer back Archives © London Metropolitan to the designations plan (see Fig. 3 on page 8).

Listed buildings Hammersmith Bridge (Grade II*) 2.33. The first Hammersmith Bridge was designed by the British engineer William Tierney Clark and built between 1822 and 1827. This was the first permanent crossing connecting Barnes and Hammersmith (see Fig. 16). The structure comprised two monumental masonry towers in the form of triumphal arches, with four sets of wrought-iron chains (two on each side) running Fig. 16: Engraving William Tierney Clark’s first Hammersmith Bridge, 1828 through holes in the towers and anchored at either end of the bridge to concrete abutments.

2.34. In 1880, the Metropolitan Board of Works purchased Hammersmith Bridge as part of their drive to free all the Thames bridges of tolls. Now free from tolls, the frequency of traffic over Hammersmith Bridge greatly increased. This increased demand, along with the ever-increasing weight of vehicles, caused some to call the bridge’s structural integrity and capacity © Hammersmith & Fulham Archives & Fulham © Hammersmith into question. Sir Joseph Bazalgette, as Chief Engineer to the MBW, confirmed these concerns to the Board in 1882, when he reported that a near-complete reconstruction, incorporating the old bridge’s piers and abutments, would be the quickest and cheapest way of increasing the bridge’s capacity.

2.35. Before work started on demolishing Tierney Clark’s bridge, a temporary bridge was constructed adjacent to the old bridge on its upstream (western) side. A ferry had been considered by the MBW but the idea was dismissed following deputations from many local authorities, who pointed out, among other reasons, that the old bridge carried almost 87,000 people and over 11,000 Fig. 17: Contract drawing of the steel chains and deck for Bazalgette’s vehicles a week, a volume that would completely overwhelm a ferry service. replacement bridge, c.1885

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2.36. The temporary bridge was constructed on timber piles close. The approaches on both banks were constructed on trestles and partly on temporary earth embankments, with Castelnau diverted at its northern end for the works’ duration. The temporary bridge was erected in six months and was opened in April 1885, at which point the towers, suspension chains and deck old bridge were gradually taken down.

2.37. Bazalgette’s replacement bridge design incorporated significant Archives & Fulham © Hammersmith technological innovations to increase the bridge’s capacity while utilising the existing piers. These included using suspension chains made of steel rather than wrought iron, and employing saddles resting on bearings that transferred some of the horizontal forces of the chains off the light wrought iron framed towers (see Fig. 17). Construction began in 1884 and the bridge opened on 18 June 1887 (see Fig. 18).

2.38. The subsequent history of the bridge has been one of repairs and strengthening works. Following an IRA bomb in 1939, a large brace was Fig. 18: View of Bazalgette’s bridge from the south, c.1890s placed around one of the chain link sets which had been buckled in the blast. Sometime after World War Two, a pedestrian guardrail was added just south of the bridge on the eastern side of the carriageway, adjacent to the bank down © ABA to the Thames Path. The metal handrail was sympathetically designed to match the appearance of the bridge. It is not attached to the bridge and LB Richmond do not consider it to be a curtilage listed structure. Then in the mid-1970s, the bridge deck underwent major strengthening when the original wrought iron longitudinal stiffening girders were replaced with steel substitutes. During this phase of work, the tower saddle roller bearings were found to have seized and were replaced. These bearings proved unsuitable in 1984 when some fell out of their housing and onto the bridge deck, causing the deck to sag by up to 6 inches in places. Subsequently, the Barnes tower bearings were replaced with elastomeric bearings. In 1999, the Hammersmith tower bearings were similarly replaced. A second IRA blast in 2000 required some repair works to the underside of the deck where it passes over the Thames Path.

2.39. Through all of these changes, the suspension system (the towers, chains, hangers and abutments) has experienced very little change aside from the Fig. 19: View of Hammersmith Bridge from the southern Thames Path, 2020 replacement of the bearings and of some wrought iron hangers with steel ones.

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6 Lower Mall (Grade II) 2.40. No. 6 Lower Mall is a late-eighteenth-century house of three storeys, © ABA constructed of brown brick. It has a finely carved timber doorcase and a wrought iron veranda across first floor with a tented roof. The house was extended to the east, possibly in the early nineteenth century. This extension has a timber bow window across the first floor.

7 Lower Mall (Grade II) 2.41. No. 7 Lower Mall is an early-nineteenth-century house of three storeys across three bays. Its exterior is stuccoed, with the central doorway having a classical stucco architrave. There is a glazed veranda across the first floor.

Fig. 20: Nos. 6 and 7 Lower Mall

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No. 8 Lower Mall (Grade II)

2.42. No. 8 Lower Mall is an early nineteenth-century house of three storeys © ABA plus a mansard roof across two bays. It is constructed of yellow stock brick and its entrance has a finely carved timber doorcase with an arched fanlight. Like Nos. 6 and 7, there is a timber and iron veranda across the first floor with a tented roof.

No. 9 Lower Mall (Grade II) 2.43. No. 9 Lower Mall is an early nineteenth-century house of four storeys across two bays. It is constructed of brown brick with a wooden trellis veranda across the first floor with a tented roof. The building was altered in the twentieth century when the top two storeys were added, and the second and third floors have strips of windows from this alteration.

Fig. 21: Nos. 8 (right) and 9 (left) Lower Mall

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No. 10 Lower Mall (Kent House) including railings and gate (Grade II) 2.44. Kent House was built in c.1762 with alterations in the 1870s. It appears © ABA to have been built on the site of an earlier building, as an archaeological watching brief conducted in 2006, recorded in the GLHER, identified post- medieval remains comprising of an earlier brick wall foundation and evidence of an earlier brick floor. The existing building is of two storeys over a basement, with projecting bays at either end of its symmetrical riverside elevation. It is constructed of yellow brick with stone or stucco mouldings. Internally it has many surviving fixtures and fittings from the eighteenth and nineteenth centuries.

2.45. Between 1853 and 2014 it was the home of Hammersmith Working Men’s Club and was extensively refurbished between 2006 and 2013. It is now the premises of Hammersmith Club.

Nos. 11 and 12 Lower Mall (Grade II) 2.46. Nos. 11 and 12 Lower Mall are a pair of seventeenth-century houses of Fig. 22: No. 10 Lower Mall (Kent House) two storeys and each two bays wide, with rendered and painted frontages. The roof, which has been renewed, is tiled and contains two dormers. There are © ABA sash windows on the ground floor and sideways-sliding (or ‘Yorkshire’) sash windows on the first floor. The eastern gable end wall appears to have been reconstructed during the mid to late twentieth century.

Fig. 23: Nos. 11-12 Lower Mall

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No. 22 Lower Mall (Westcott Lodge) (Grade II) 2.47. Westcott Lodge was built in c.1746 and was formerly the vicarage of © ABA St Paul’s Church, Hammersmith. It was later remodelled with a two-storey extension to the east, and was restored following significant bomb damage during the Second World War. It is constructed of brown brick with rubbed red brick dressings, and is of two-storeys plus basement across seven bays, with dormers in the hipped slate roof. The original central section of the front (south) elevation has five sash windows recessed slightly within the wall at both ground and first floor.

Fig. 24: Westcott Lodge

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Conservation Areas 2.52. Upper Mall covers the central section of the conservation area, on the The Mall Conservation Area (LB Hammersmith and Fulham) outside bend in the River Thames opposite the Barnes peninsula (see Fig. 26). It 2.48. The Mall Conservation Area was designated in 1971 and consists of contains a rich variety of statutorily and locally designated buildings, including a narrow area of land, foreshore and river between the Borough boundary the Grade II* listed Kelmscott House (see Fig. 27), an imposing eighteenth- halfway along Chiswick Mall to the west and Queen Caroline Street to the east, century townhouse and formerly the home of William Morris, and the Grade II where it borders the Fulham Reach Conservation Area. The Great West Road listed Dove Inn Public House, built in the early-eighteenth century (see Fig. 28). forms the conservation area’s northern boundary and the River Thames its southern boundary. 2.53. Hammersmith Terrace is the westernmost section of the conservation area’s historic riverfront and comprises a terrace of seventeen townhouses 2.49. The Conservation Area Character Profile (1996) describes how the area built in c.1760-70 with gardens extending down to the river wall, forming a includes some of the earliest settled parts of Hammersmith. By the seventeenth consistent and attractive river frontage. century, The Mall had become an important residential area with many large houses built along the waterfront. The modern riverfront strip that exists today 2.54. Behind this rich waterfront lies a series of later Victorian terraces. The resulted from the construction and widening of the Great West Road, which rest of the conservation area is composed of mid- to late-twentieth-century divided the urban fabric of Hammersmith, separating its River Thames frontage housing developments and public open spaces. In 1936 Hammersmith Creek from its inland centre. was infilled, having long since stopped being navigable for commercial vessels. In 1948, the Borough of Hammersmith decided that the bombed-damaged area 2.50. Today the conservation area contains an abundance of high-quality of riverfront around the creek, including the Hammersmith Friends Meeting historic buildings alongside later housing developments that replaced House burial ground, should be cleared and turned into a public open space industrial complexes and earlier housing. The historic riverfront buildings are to coincide with the 1951 Festival of Britain. The riverside park was named concentrated in three areas, from west to east: Hammersmith Terrace; Upper Furnivall (later Furnival) Gardens after Frederick James Furnivall, a local scholar Mall and Lower Mall. who founded the nearby Furnivall Sculling Club in 1896.

2.51. Lower Mall lies adjacent to, and is prominently visible from, Hammersmith Bridge (which also partially lies within the conservation area). It contains a number of fine buildings dating from the seventeenth, eighteenth and nineteenth centuries, most of which are statutorily or locally designated (see Fig. 25).

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Fig. 25: Lower Mall, viewed from the south bank of the River Thames Fig. 26: Upper Mall, one of the key parts of The Mall Conservation Area © ABA © ABA

Fig. 27: Grade II* listed Kelmscott House, within The Mall Conservation Area Fig. 28: The Grade II listed Dove Public House, within The Mall Conservation Area

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Fulham Reach Conservation Area (LB Hammersmith and Fulham)

2.55. The Fulham Reach Conservation Area was designated in 1991 and © ABA essentially covers the riverside developments from Queen Caroline Street (where it borders The Mall Conservation Area) to Fulham Football Ground (Craven Cottage) to the south, further downstream.

2.56. This stretch of the Thames shares the varied history of The Mall Conservation Area, with an earlier phase of large houses set within substantial grounds, including Brandenburgh House, gradually superseded during the later nineteenth century by industrial works. The Conservation Area Character Profile (1996) describes how by 1914, the whole of the riverside between Hammersmith Bridge and Fulham Football Ground was developed for industrial uses. Residential development in area began in the mid-twentieth century, but it wasn’t until the later twentieth century that the present series of mid-rise flats began to take shape. Fig. 29: Fulham Reach Conservation Area viewed from the south bank of 2.57. Today the conservation area primarily consists of late-twentieth and the River Thames twenty-first-century housing developments, although a few remnants of its past character remain, including a small number of converted Victorian warehouses and sections of historic river wall (see Fig. 29 and Fig. 30). © ABA

2.58. Fulham Football Ground is probably the conservation area’s best-known building. It was constructed in 1896, replacing an earlier house named Craven Cottage, from which the stadium takes its more commonly-used name. It has been remodelled on several occasions since its initial construction, but maintains its prominent location on the Fulham riverfront. The stadium’s western grandstand is Grade II listed.

Fig. 30: View southeast along the Thames Path within the Fulham Reach Conservation Area

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Non-designated heritage assets (LB Hammersmith and Fulham) Nos. 49-58 Lower Mall and Nos. 1-48 Hammersmith Bridge Road © ABA (Digby Mansions) – Local Building of Merit 2.59. Digby Mansions is an ornate apartment block built in the late 1890s on the site of an eighteenth-century mansion, Digby House. It is a five-storey red brick building with stucco dressings and ornate cast iron balconies running across its southern and eastern facades at all levels. It sits prominently at the junction between Lower Mall and Hammersmith Bridge Road, with the corner location emphasised by the domed turret over the building’s south-eastern projecting bay.

Nos. 107-109 Hammersmith Bridge Road (City Arms Public House) – Local Building of Merit 2.60. The Old City Arms lies adjacent to the northern entrance to Hammersmith Bridge, on the eastern side of Hammersmith Bridge Road. A pub on this site was first licensed in 1827, although the existing building dates from 1889 when the pub was rebuilt. It comprises a two-storey brick building carrying a timber ground floor shopfront on Hammersmith Bridge Road, and Fig. 31: Digby Mansions, viewed from the northern Thames Path a three-storey brick building with stone dressings and a mansard roof, with its main elevation overlooking the River Thames. The two buildings are linked via a single storey element. © ABA

Fig. 32: Nos. 107-109 Hammersmith Bridge Road, view from the southern Thames Path

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No. 14 Lower Mall (Auriol Rowing Club) – Local Building of Merit

2.61. No. 14 Lower Mall is a late-nineteenth-century boathouse and the © ABA home of the Auriol and Kensington Rowing Club. It is a three-storey brick building with two large doors at ground floor and a first-floor cast iron balcony. The uppermost storey is a viewing terrace was added in 2003-4, when the boathouse was substantially remodelled internally. The building appears to have had an historic relationship with the adjacent Blue Anchor Pub, with which it shares a first-floor cast iron balcony.

No. 15 Lower Mall (The Rutland Arms Public House) – Local Building of Merit 2.62. The first pub on this site was built in 1849 as ‘The Rutland Hotel’ and was then rebuilt in its present Venetian Gothic style during the 1870s. The two- storey building is of brick with stone dressings and a first-floor cast iron balcony. The pub originally had an additional storey and mansard roof, which were destroyed by bombing during the Second World War. Fig. 33: Auriol Rowing Club, Lower Mall (to the right of The Rutland Arms) © ABA

Fig. 34: Rutland Arms Public House, Lower Mall

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Hammersmith Drawdock, Queen’s Wharf – Local Building of Merit

2.63. A drawdock has existed in this location since at least the eighteenth © ABA century, and historically served as the principal access point for Hammersmith for commercial river traffic. Horse-drawn carts could load and unload goods from flat-bottomed barges resting on the foreshore and carry the goods inland via Queen Street (later renamed Queen Caroline Street) or carry them downstream to the city (see Fig. 12 on page 14). The drawdock was historically flanked by wharfs – Gun Wharf on the upstream side and Chancellor’s Wharf (later renamed Queen’s Wharf) on the downstream.

2.64. The commercial use of the drawdock declined during the first half of the twentieth century. Today it remains an important, if seldom used, river access point (see Fig. 35).

River Wall east from site of Brandenburg House to Chancellor’s Road (including boundary stone) – Local Building of Merit 2.65. The date of this river wall is unclear, although its initial construction Fig. 35: Locally listed drawdock adjacent to the bridge may have coincided with the construction of Brandenburgh House and other large houses on the waterfront from the mid-seventeenth century. The wall is constructed of a variety of materials but is predominantly of brick. A boundary stone marked with the inscriptions ‘1865’, ‘H.P’ and ‘F.P’ is set within the wall © ABA above a culvert, delineating the boundary between Hammersmith Parish and Fulham Parish. This also marks the former location of Parr’s Ditch, a man-made channel with medieval origins that historically marked the boundary between Hammersmith and Fulham.

Fig. 36: Locally listed river wall, viewed from the southern Thames Path

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History of the South (Surrey) bank 2.69. Development was relatively slow over the following decades, with only a few extra roads having been laid out off of Bridge Road and Lonsdale Road by Nineteenth-century Castelnau the 1890s. Nevertheless, between 1868 and 1888, the population of Castelnau 2.66. There is limited evidence of earlier settlement in the northern part of more than doubled from 800 to 1600 residents. The name of Upper Bridge the Barnes peninsula today known as Castelnau. The area remained in use as Street was changed to Castelnau in 1889, following the death of Major Boileau parkland and pasture into the nineteenth century and was never intensively (see Fig. 37). settled, probably because it was susceptible to flooding. 2.70. In contrast to the fashionable villas being built in the area, in 1857 a soap 2.67. Residential and industrial development of the area began following factory was built on the eastern side of the peninsula by the firm of Cowan the construction of Hammersmith Bridge in 1827. In 1838, the West Middlesex and Sons (see Fig. 38). Over the following decades, the company added a Water Works Company acquired land in the north-western part of the peninsula sugar refinery and charcoal factory to the site, which became known as the and constructed two reservoirs to meet the increasing need in the local area. Hammersmith Bridge Works. The reservoirs were linked to the Hammersmith Works pumping station near Queen Street via a pipe under the Thames. The complex gradually expanded 2.71. The increasing residential development of the area meant that when the to the north along the waterfront with the construction of filter beds and waterworks needed to expand again, it did so by acquiring land to the east at additional reservoirs through the 1850s and 60s. Barn Elms, where it constructed two large reservoirs in 1895 and 1897.

2.68. Although a road, then called Bridge Road, had been built from the village of Barnes to the newly built Hammersmith Bridge, the residential development of the area did not begin until some years later. The work was undertaken by two developers: the Lowther family (the Earls of Lonsdale) and Major Charles Lestock Boileau, of French Huguenot heritage. Boileau bought land on both sides of Bridge Road and began developing it in 1842 as ‘Castelnau Villas’, the name of which was derived from Boileau’s ancestral home, the castle of Castelnau de la Garde in the south of France. The Lowther family built similar villas along a road running west from Bridge Road towards the reservoirs, later Society History © Barnes and Mortlake named Lonsdale Road. A village centre developed at the junction of Bridge Road and Lonsdale Road, that included a pub (the Boileau Arms), a chapel, a post office and some shops.

Fig. 37: View north along Castelnau, c.1900

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Fig. 38: Aerial view illustration of Barnes peninsula showing the route of the Oxford and Cambridge Boat Race, 1873

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Twentieth-century developments 2.72. By the late-nineteenth century, Castelnau was an unlikely mixture of waterworks and upmarket housing, along with an incongruous industrial works.

In 1894, Harrods Department Store purchased the Hammersmith Bridge Works Village © Harrods which had closed in 1892 following a disastrous fire. In 1912 Harrods built a large new warehouse building on the riverfront, known as the Harrods Furniture Depository, designed by the architect William George Hunt. The building’s elaborate terracotta façade conceals a highly innovative reinforced concrete structure within. The First World War curtailed Hunt and Harrods’ proposals for a symmetrical frontage onto the River Thames and the building stands today in an ‘unfinished’ state (see Fig. 39).

2.73. More upmarket housing was built in the area between 1898 and 1909, Fig. 39: Drawing of Harrods Depository as originally planned, 1912 when a series of mansion flats were built on Castelnau Gardens, Castelnau and Riverview Gardens designed by the architect Delissa Joseph (1859-1927) who was known for designing similar blocks in Kensington and Chelsea.

2.74. With much of the peninsula’s land occupied by the waterworks and Harrods sites, the potential for further residential development was limited. The final major expansion of housing began in 1926, when the London County Council laid out an estate of 640 houses on the western side of Castelnau, increasing the population of the area from 2000 to over 5000. The houses were Archives © London Metropolitan designed and laid out along Garden City principles, with generous front and rear gardens and simplified Arts and Crafts details (see Fig. 40).

2.75. Between the 1960s and the 1990s, the waterworks and reservoirs on the Barnes peninsula were gradually decommissioned. The filtering beds and reservoirs north of Lonsdale Road were filled in during the 1960s with earth excavated from the construction of the Victoria Line. The land was purchased Fig. 40: The L. C. C. Castelnau Estate, 1930 by St Paul’s School, who moved to new purpose-built buildings there in 1968. Shortly thereafter, the Swedish School established itself on the former reservoir site to the west of St Paul’s School. One of the two earliest reservoirs dating from 1838 was not filled in, but converted to a local nature reserve named Leg o’ Mutton Reservoir, on account of its shape.

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Recent Years 2.76. The most recent major phase of change came in the late-twentieth century, when the Barn Elms waterworks to the east of Castelnau, which had been disused for some years, was converted into a wildlife reserve between 1995 and 2000. An enabling development of houses and flats was built to the north to fund the wetland centre, with the classical Victorian architecture of the area being maintained in the new buildings.

2.77. By the 1990s, the Harrods Depository buildings had fallen into disrepair after years of disuse. The site was acquired by Berkeley Homes, who converted the three historic warehouses into flats at the centre of a new residential complex of flats and townhouses called Harrods Village, which opened in stages in the early 2000s.

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Heritage assets on the south bank © ABA 2.78. The following pages provide a brief description of the designated and non-designated heritage assets south of the River Thames that have been identified as potentially experiencing a change in their significance and/or setting due to the construction of the Temporary Ferry Crossing, following site visits and desk-based research. For the location of the assets, please refer back to the designations plan (Fig. 3 on page 8).

Listed buildings Hammersmith Bridge (Grade II*) 2.79. Please see page 17 for a summary history and description of Hammersmith Bridge.

Harrods Depository Riverside Warehouse (Grade II) 2.80. This large warehouse building was built in 1911-c.1914 by W. G. Hunt for Harrods Stores, replacing an earlier soap factory on the site. Its structure Fig. 41: Grade II listed former Harrods warehouse viewed from the north bank of employs the Kahn system, an early form of reinforced-concrete construction, the Thames while its east (riverside) façade is clad in terracotta in a Baroque style. The depository was used by Harrods to house its larger items that could not be held © ABA in its Knightsbridge store. The building fell into vacancy and neglect during the later twentieth century, but in the 1990s it was converted into apartments as the centrepiece of the Harrods Village private estate.

K6 telephone kiosk adjacent to Hammersmith Bridge (Grade II) 2.81. This is a cast iron telephone kiosk designed in 1935 by Sir Giles Gilbert Scott. It was built sometime between the 1930s and 1950s, and may have been relocated to its current position from its previous location abutting the south- eastern pedestal of Hammersmith Bridge, as one is depicted there in historic photos.

Fig. 42: Grade II listed K6 telephone box on the western side of Castelnau

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Conservation Areas Castelnau Conservation Area (LB Richmond) 2.82. Castelnau Conservation Area was designated in 1977 by the LB Richmond and was subsequently expanded on several occasions. Today, the area covers the residential areas of Castelnau developed in the nineteenth and early twentieth century, along with the former Harrods Depository site. It is bounded by the River Thames to the north (its boundary runs along the Borough boundary down the middle of the river), the London Wetland Centre to the east and the interwar Castelnau housing estate to the west. To the south, it adjoins the Barnes Green Conservation Area.

2.83. The conservation area contains a wealth of buildings spanning the Victorian and Edwardian periods. The earliest buildings are the villas built along Castelnau and Lonsdale Road by Major Boileau and the Lowther Family, along with the ‘village centre’ containing shops, a tavern and a church at the junction of the two roads (see Fig. 44 and Fig. 45). There are more modest terraces built during the 1870s-90s to the north of Lonsdale Road on Lillian Road and Glentham Road and to the east of Castelnau on Arundel Terrace and Methyr Terrace. Around the turn of the twentieth century, Calvering Avenue and Riverview Gardens were laid out north of Arundel Terrace, and blocks of mansion flats were constructed. (see Fig. 43 and Fig. 46).

2.84. In the north-east corner of the conservation area is the Harrods Depository, built in 1913 on the former site of the soap factory and sugar refinery built in the 1850s. These warehouses were converted into flats in the late 1990s, when a new housing complex named Harrods Village was built around them.

2.85. Today the conservation area retains its nineteenth-century character and appearance with very few later infill buildings.

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Fig. 43: The Lodge, Riverview Gardens, seen to the right of Hammersmith Bridge, Fig. 44: View south along Castelnau. The white building in the rearground is the c. 1930 former Boileau Arms © ABA © ABA

Fig. 45: Mid-nineteenth-century villas within Castelnau Conservation Area Fig. 46: View east along Riverview Gardens

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Non-designated heritage assets (LB Richmond) The Lodge and 1-76 Riverview Gardens – Locally Listed Buildings within © ABA the Castelnau Conservation Area 2.86. The mansion flats lining Riverview Gardens were built in c.1900 and are of red brick with terracotta, stone and stucco dressings. The terraces are visible from the northern Thames Path, particularly during the winter.

2.87. The Lodge is the only detached property on the road and just predates the mansion flats. It is a one- to two-storey red-brick building with rendered banding and decorative brick gables on its hipped roof. The ground floor contains a partially glazed shopfront, and historic photographs appear to show it in use as an estate agent.

Fig. 47: Riverview Gardens, viewed from the northern Thames Path © ABA

Fig. 48: The Lodge, Riverview Gardens

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Nos. 1-50 Castelnau Mansions – Locally Listed Buildings within the

Castelnau Conservation Area © ABA 2.88. Nos. 1-50 Castelnau Mansions were built at the same time as Riverview Gardens, sometime between 1898 and 1909. They comprise a five-storey terrace of mansion flats positioned at an angle to Castelnau to create views out over the River Thames. The terrace is constructed of brick with stone and stucco dressings and iron balconies across the main elevation onto Castelnau. The front garden of the block is heavily planted with mature bushes and trees, which partially screen the building from some directions.

Fig. 49: Castelnau Mansions, viewed from the western side of Castelnau

Hammersmith Bridge Temporary Ferry Crossing Heritage Statement / 1817-125 / 05/21 37 Alan Baxter 3.0 Assessment of significance 3.0 Assessment of significance Assessing significance Architectural and Artistic Interest [‘aesthetic value’]: These are the interests in the design and general aesthetics of a place. They can arise 3.1. Assessing significance is the means by which the cultural importance of from conscious design or fortuitously from the way the heritage asset has a place and its component parts is identified and compared. The identification evolved. of elements of high and lower significance, based on a thorough understanding of a site, enables owners and designers to develop proposals that safeguard, Historic Interest [‘historical value’]: An interest in past lives and events. respect and where possible enhance the character and cultural values of the site. Heritage assets can illustrate or be associated with them. Heritage assets with historic interest not only provide a material record of our nation’s 3.2. Statutory designation is the legal mechanism by which significant historic history, but can also provide an emotional meaning for communities places are identified in order to protect them. The designations applying to the derived from their collective experience of a place and can symbolise Site are listed on page 7. However, it is necessary to go beyond these in order wider values such as faith and cultural identity [‘communal value’]. to arrive at a more detailed and broader understanding of significance. This is achieved here using the terminology and criteria from the NPPF (2019). 3.5. Annex 2 of the NPPF defines archaeological interest [‘evidential value’] in the following way: 3.3. Annex 2 of the NPPF defines significance as: There will be archaeological interest in a heritage asset if it holds, or The value of a heritage asset to this and future generations because of its potentially may hold, evidence of past human activity worthy of expert heritage interest. The interest may be archaeological, architectural, artistic investigation at some point. or historic. Significance derives not only from a heritage asset’s physical presence, but also from its setting. 3.6. The north and south banks of this part of the River Thames are Archaeological Priority Areas. The archaeological interest of the Site will not be Heritage interests assessed in this report. 3.4. Historic England’s Conservation Principles, Policies and Guidance (2008) includes a methodology for assessing significance by considering ‘heritage values’. In this instance NPPF terms are used because their adoption simplifies the preparation and assessment of planning and listed building consent applications, but the equivalent heritage values are given in brackets for reference. This assessment uses three main types of interest as defined below.

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Assessing setting • Orientation and aspect 3.7. The definition of setting given in the NPPF (2019, Annex 2: Glossary) is: • Openness, enclosure and boundaries

The surroundings in which a heritage asset is experienced. Its extent is not 3.13. A setting’s attributes that contribute to the experience of the asset fixed and may change as the asset and its surroundings evolve. Elements of a include: setting may make a positive or negative contribution to the significance of an asset, may affect the ability to appreciate that significance or may be neutral. • Views from, towards, through, across and including the asset • Intentional intervisibility with other historic features 3.8. This means that all heritage assets have a setting, separate from the concept of curtilage, character and context. However, the contribution made • Visual dominance, prominence or role as a focal point by the setting to the significance of heritage assets varies considerably and • Scents and smells is subject to change over time. Where a setting has been compromised by • Sense of enclosure, seclusion, intimacy or privacy cumulative change, consideration still needs to be given to the effect of additional change. • Accessibility, permeability and patterns of movement • Cultural associations 3.9. Defining the extent, nature and contribution of a heritage asset’s setting can be challenging. Historic England offers guidance on this in its Historic Environment Good Practice Advice in Planning Note 3 (Second Edition): The Setting Character and appearance of conservation areas of Heritage Assets (December 2017). 3.14. Unlike other forms of designated heritage asset, the special architectural and historic interest of conservation areas is commonly expressed in terms 3.10. This states that one of the most used expressions of a setting’s of character and appearance. This is based on Section 72[1] of the Planning contribution to the significance of a heritage asset is through views. These (Listed Buildings and Conservation Areas) Act 1990, which states that when can be either static (from a fixed point and with a distinct focus) or dynamic local authorities exercise their planning functions in the context of conservation (an evolving view that changes as one moves through a place). They can also areas, special attention shall be paid to the desirably of preserving or enhancing the encompass a variety of different views of, from across, or including the asset. character or appearance of that area.

3.11. Historic England has divided these additional attributes into two different 3.15. Much like setting, defining the extent and nature of a conservation categories; the asset’s physical surroundings and the experience of the asset. area’s character and appearance can be challenging, and is often based on a combination of tangible and intangible factors. Historic England’s Conservation 3.12. A setting’s attributes that relate to physical surroundings include: Area Appraisal, Designation and Management: Historic England Advice Note 1 (Second Edition, February 2019) offers guidance on how character and • Topography appearance can be defined, suggesting the following categories as examples • Formal design e.g. hierarchy, layout for designation of conservation areas:

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• Areas with a high number of nationally or locally designated heritage assets and • Areas designated because of the quality of the public realm or a spatial element, a variety of architectural styles and historic associations such as a design form or settlement pattern, green spaces which are an essential component of the wider historic area, and historic parks and gardens and other • Those linked to a particular individual, industry, custom or pastime with a designed landscapes... particular local interest 3.16. Pages 43–52 assess the setting and significance of the heritage • Where an earlier, historically significant, layout is visible in the modern street assets in the vicinity of the proposed Temporary Ferry Crossing, as well as pattern the current contribution of the Site to the character and appearance of the three conservation areas it passes through, based on the definitions and • Where a particular style of architecture or traditional building materials methodologies outlined above. The location of these assets are displayed in predominate Fig. 50 on page 41.

Heritage assets discussed in this report

Location Location Heritage asset Designation Heritage asset Designation on plan on plan

The Mall Conservation Area Conservation Area 9 No. 7 Lower Mall Grade II

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N © ABA

3 4 5 6 12 7 8 9 10

14 19 16 15 18

Fig. 50: Designations plan The Mall Conservation Area Fulham Reach Conservation Area Grade II* listed (LB Hammersmith and Fulham) (LB Hammersmith and Fulham) Hammersmith Odeon Castelnau Conservation Area (LB Grade II listed Conservation Area Richmond) Locally listed/local building (LB Hammersmith and Fulham) of merit

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Significance of assets on the north bank 3.20. The Character Profile goes on to note how the riverfront and River Thames are of great importance to the conservation area…with its splendid views both Within the Site boundary upstream to Chiswick Road and downstream past the bridge, and panoramas. It Hammersmith drawdock (Local Building of Merit) notes the high quality of the public spaces within the conservation area, stating: 3.17. Hammersmith Drawdock is of moderate historic interest as one of the few remaining physical reminders of the area’s industrial and commercial past. This stretch of riverside walk is also more attractive than elsewhere, partly The drawdock was one of the main connections between the River Thames and due to the variation in scale and height of the listed buildings, but also Hammersmith’s hinterland and was relied on for trade and travel for centuries. largely due to the railings and front boundary walls and to the subtle curve Although it is rarely used today, its ongoing use as an access point to the River which adds interest. The positioning of the street lamps and trees visually Thames contributes to its historic interest. The fabric of the current dock is made emphasises the curve. of concrete and has no heritage significance. 3.21. The riverfront public spaces have been further enhanced since the 3.18. The setting of the drawdock is characterised by its relationship to the publication of the Character Profile through the extension of the Thames Path River Thames and Queen Caroline Street, which provides evidence of its historic along the riverfront around the drawdock and Riverside Studios. This stretch function as an access point to the River Thames. The construction of Riverside of the River Thames remains actively used for recreation, further activating the Studios complex and the extension of the Thames Path around the drawdock conservation area. has enhanced the heritage asset’s setting, making it far more accessible to the public than before. Views of the drawdock are mostly close-up due to its 3.22. Behind the riverfront, the rows of Victorian terraces, while of little sunken position, although more distant views are gained from Hammersmith individual merit, make a positive contribution to the historic townscape of Bridge and the southern river bank. Overall, the asset’s setting makes a minor the conservation area and offer well-preserved evidence of another phase of contribution to its significance, mainly in terms of its relationship to the river. development within Hammersmith.

Character and appearance of The Mall Conservation Area Contribution of the Site to the character and appearance of The Mall 3.19. The character and appearance of The Mall Conservation Area is very Conservation Area diverse in terms of building ages and functions, ranging from eighteenth- 3.23. The Site is located at the very eastern edge of the conservation area century riverfront mansions to post-war apartment blocks. However, its boundary. The main element of the Site within the conservation area is the special character is defined succinctly in the Conservation Area Character Hammersmith Drawdock (a Local Building of Merit). This heritage asset Temporary Bridge Profile as being derived from the historic built form and its relationship with the makes a moderate contribution to the character and appearance of The Mall river, which provides an exceptional townscape to the river edge. Substantial Conservation Area, providing evidence of the historic commercial and industrial areas of seventeenth- and eighteenth-century Hammersmith survive on the use of this stretch of the River Thames. That part of Queen Caroline Street that riverfront between Hammersmith Terrace to the west Lower Mall to the east. lies within the Site boundary makes a neutral contribution to the conservation The Character Profile notes that many of these riverfront buildings are valued area’s character and appearance, as it is a modern road surface of no heritage for their historic and outstanding architectural quality and recognised through significance. local or national designation.

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Character and Appearance of Fulham Reach Conservation Area Outside of the Site boundary 3.24. Fulham Reach Conservation Area contains comparatively few heritage Hammersmith Bridge (Grade II*) assets of any kind, with only two listed buildings (both related to Fulham 3.27. Hammersmith Bridge is an engineering structure of national significance. Football Ground) and three Local Buildings of Merit. Its appearance is defined by Its significance is derived from a variety of sources, which are examined in greater mid- and low-rise apartment blocks set within landscaped spaces arranged in detail in the Hammersmith Bridge: Statement of Significance (Alan Baxter, 2020), linear fashion along the Thames Path. The Conservation Area Character Profile but are here expressed in terms of historic, architectural and artistic interest and (1996) states that it was designated to ensure that: setting, in line with national planning policy and guidance.

any future redevelopment proposals recognise the sensitive nature of 3.28. Hammersmith Bridge is of exceptional historical interest as a remarkably the riverside, in particular the long sweeping views northwards towards well-preserved and largely unaltered example of a late-nineteenth century Hammersmith Bridge and views to and from the Barnes and Putney bank. suspension bridge, designed by one of the nineteenth century’s leading engineers, Sir Joseph Bazalgette. The bridge derives additional historic interest from its rarity, 3.25. This highlights the point that the conservation area’s defining as one of only four surviving largely unaltered nineteenth-century road suspension characteristic is the River Thames and the dynamic and static views gained from bridges. Unlike many of its comparators, it remains in heavy use by both road the Thames Path between Hammersmith Bridge and Fulham Football Ground. vehicles and pedestrians. Although Hammersmith’s per-vehicle weight limit is today The Character Profile goes on to state that: half that originally catered for by Bazalgette (7.5 tonnes reduced from 15 tonnes), the average weight and frequency of vehicles using the bridge is many times The main feature within the conservation area, and the principal elements greater than in the 1880s. The lack of reinforcement or replacement of the original in defining its character, are the river itself, the river bank and views along suspension system is testament to the latent strength of Bazalgette’s original design. and across the Thames…The current water-borne uses of the river itself area The bridge derives further historical interest in preserving the original piers from important elements in the character and appearance of the conservation William Tierney Clark’s first Hammersmith Bridge, which was the first suspension area as are the foreshore and river bank. bridge over the River Thames and the longest in the world when built. Contribution of the Site to the character and appearance of the Fulham Reach 3.29. There is additional historic interest in the bridge’s almost 200-year-long Conservation Area association with the annual Oxford and Cambridge Boat Race, for which it is an 3.26. That part of the River Thames that lies within the Site boundary makes iconic viewpoint for spectators as well as an important milestone in the race – over a major contribution to the character and appearance of the Fulham Reach 80% of boats leading at Hammersmith Bridge have gone on to win the race. Conservation Area, due to the importance of the River Thames to the setting and historic interest of the buildings on the waterfront, and the importance 3.30. The influence of the bridge, and its predecessor, upon the development of views from Hammersmith Bridge upstream beyond the conservation area of Castelnau and Hammersmith imbues it with further interest. Castelnau would boundary. That part of the Site comprising part of Queen Caroline Street makes not have the urban form that it does today had the bridge not been built when a neutral contribution to the character and appearance of the Fulham Reach and where it was. Hammersmith’s rapid nineteenth-century expansion similarly Conservation Area owes much to its attainment of a permanent river crossing shortly before the widespread industrialisation of the River Thames.

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N Long and close-up views from 2 1 the River Thames Dynamic views along 2 Hammersmith flyover Hammersmith Bridge Road Views from The Mall Conservation Area (viewpoint 3 identified in LB Hammersmith and Fulham local policy)

Thames path 7 Dynamic views along 4 Castelnau (viewpoint identified in LB Richmond local policy) 3 Views from tree-lined southern 5 bank 6 3 Urban north bank Dynamic and static views from the bridge (views identified in 6 1 LB Hammersmith and Fulham local policy) 1 Close-up views of the deck structure from the Thames 5 River Thames 7 Path (view identified in LB 7 5 Hammersmith and Fulham local policy Tree-lined southern bank

St Paul's School playfield

4 Castelnau Fig. 51: Setting and views diagram

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Fig. 52: View south down Hammersmith Bridge Road, 2020 Fig. 53: View of Hammersmith Bridge from the southern Thames Path, 2020 © ABA © ABA

Fig. 54: View looking west towards Hammersmith Bridge from the northern Fig. 55: View upstream (west) along the River Thames from the centre of the Thames Path, 2020 bridge’s western footway

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3.31. The bridge is also of exceptional architectural and artistic interest. 3.34. The southern approach to the bridge is Castelnau, a road which owes its Its list description (Entry No. 1079819) describes how the architectural quality existence to the construction of the first Hammersmith Bridge in 1827. of Hammersmith Bridge is remarkable in both form, with its monumental towers, This long, straight road is lined with large villas and terraces constructed and ornamentation…the bridge is one of the most distinctive on the Thames. The primarily during the nineteenth century and forms something of a formal cast iron casings, repainted in 2004 to reflect Bazalgette’s original intentions, route to the bridge. This creates a designed view terminated by the bridge’s are of excellent workmanship and are imbued with significant ornamental arched towers. A similar effect is created approaching from the north along embellishments, most notably the unofficial crest of the Metropolitan Board of Hammersmith Bridge Road, although on a smaller scale. Works on the pedestal casings. The French-influenced style of the bridge’s cast iron casings is illustrative of the likely influence, if not direct input, of George 3.35. The importance of the bridge’s setting is equally well appreciated from Vulliamy, the head of the MBW’s Architect’s Department, and with whom the bridge itself. The southern end of the bridge crosses over a particularly Bazalgette had worked with on many other projects. verdant section of the Thames Path, and there are attractive views looking south from the bridge towards less developed, tree-lined banks. By contrast, 3.32. The bridge’s design was probably influenced by Thomas Page’s first the northern setting of the bridge is urban with the historic buildings of Lower Chelsea Bridge (known as Victoria Bridge), opened in 1858, and similarly Mall on the western side of the bridge contrasting with the large-scale recent featuring highly decorated cast iron casings. Hammersmith Bridge has development to the bridge’s east. developed a similar public image to that of Page’s Chelsea Bridge, as a widely appreciated landmark that is very much in keeping with its leafy, suburban 3.36. The bridge’s location on a bend in the River Thames creates dynamic setting. Page’s bridge was replaced in the 1930s with a new suspension bridge views of the bridge approaching from the River Thames and either side of the built of steel and concrete, thus increasing the significance of Hammersmith Thames Path. Views from the northern bank are much more open and of a Bridge as the surviving example of this style of highly ornate suspension bridge longer duration due to the curve of the River Thames, with the bridge set on the Thames. against an attractive backdrop of mature trees lining the southern bank.

Setting 3.37. The experience of the bridge from the southern bank is more limited 3.33. Hammersmith Bridge’s setting makes a major contribution to its in duration and visibility, with evolving views of the bridge through glimpsed significance. It is an example of a heritage asset that is appreciated from through tree foliage. Its monumental architecture gives the impression in some all angles and in both up-close and long views. Significant views of the views that it is larger than nearby buildings which are in fact taller than the bridge are gained from approach roads, the Thames Path, the River Thames bridge’s towers. Passing under the bridge on the Thames Path on either side and even from aeroplanes approaching Heathrow. While Hammersmith Bridge of the River Thames offers a very different view of the bridge, with the deck was not designed with a formal setting, the subsequent development of the structure visible and the quality of its engineering on display. land at either end of the bridge has provided it with one. This is most obviously 3.38. Attractive views east and west along the River Thames are gained from encapsulated in the long, straight approach roads from the north and south. the bridge deck, especially from the pedestrian footways.

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Nos. 6-15 and 22 Lower Mall Digby Mansions (Local Building of Merit) 3.39. The significance of this group of heritage assets, which includes seven 3.43. Digby Mansions (see Fig. 31 on page 26) is of moderate architectural Grade II listed buildings and two Local Buildings of Merit, is assessed collectively interest due to its intricately detailed and elegant design, and as a well- here, due to the importance of their appearance as an ensemble to their preserved example of a late Victorian mansion block. It is of minor historic significance and setting, but also because of the many characteristics that the interest as providing evidence of the continuing appeal of the Hammersmith buildings share. waterfront to wealthier individuals into the late nineteenth century, even after the area had become heavily industrialised. It is of additional historic interest as 3.40. Nos. 6-15 and 22 Lower Mall (see Fig. 20 to Fig. 25) are of high historic preserving the historic location of Digby House, one of Hammersmith’s riverside interest due to the evidence they provide in illustrating the desirability of mansions. Hammersmith’s waterfront through successive centuries, and the changing fashions of riverfront housing. They are of additional historic interest 3.44. The setting of Digby Mansions makes a major contribution to its due to their association with past events and people of local interest. For significance. The Mall Conservation Area Character Profile (1997) describes example, Westcott Lodge (No. 22) was the former vicarage of St Paul’s Church, how the building forms a fitting end-piece to [Lower Mall], giving a boundary of Hammersmith, while Kent House (No. 10) was the home of Hammersmith appropriate scale to Hammersmith Bridge Road, and to the size of the bridge and Working Men’s Club for over 150 years. The slow rate of change to this group its raised approach. The building is prominently visible from the southern river of buildings over the past century means that it offers a sense of continuity to bank and from Hammersmith Bridge, with its architecture heavily influenced by travellers along the Thames Path and as an unchanging backdrop to a major its proximity to the River Thames, most obviously in the profusion of balconies national event – the Oxford and Cambridge Boat Race. across its elevations. Closer views of a more intimate scale are gained from the northern Thames Path and the tree-lined ramp down to it from Hammersmith 3.41. These buildings are of high architectural and artistic interest due Bridge Road. to their fine-quality and highly decorative facades, which derive a uniformity from a consistent palette of materials and decorative motifs such as first-floor Nos. 107-109 Hammersmith Bridge Road (Old City Arms Public House) cast iron or timber balconies. They are of additional architectural interest as (Local Building of Merit) externally well-preserved examples of riverfront housing along the once rural 3.45. The Old City Arms pub (see Fig. 32 on page 26) is of moderate historic Thames west of London. interest in preserving the location of an earlier pub on the site first licensed in 1827, shortly before the opening of the first Hammersmith Bridge. It is of 3.42. The setting of these buildings is intrinsically tied to their interaction additional historic interest as an example of public house architecture during with the River Thames. The buildings’ designs are strongly influenced by the late nineteenth century. fronting onto the River Thames. Views upstream and downstream from Lower Mall are significant, as are views of the group from the southern bank of the 3.46. The pub is of modest architectural interest as a good ordinary late- River Thames and from Hammersmith Bridge, to which the group provides an Victorian pub, with good quality brickwork and an attractive timber ground attractive and characterful backdrop. Overall, the group’s setting makes a major floor elevation onto Hammersmith Bridge Road. contribution to its significance.

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3.47. The setting of the Old City Arms is characterised by its proximity to Significance of heritage assets on the south bank Hammersmith Bridge and to the River Thames. The building’s west elevation runs alongside the bridge’s northern landing and forms something of a gateway Within the Site boundary to the bridge, and its late-Victorian architecture complements that of the Character and appearance of Castelnau Conservation Area 3.51. The character and appearance of Castelnau Conservation Area derives from bridge, giving a sense of the area’s historic appearance. its harmonious townscape comprising villas and terraces spanning the Victorian 3.48. The building’s south elevation has uninterrupted views out over the and Edwardian eras. The axis of the conservation area is Castelnau, which retains its River Thames and is clearly visible from the southern river bank, which further designed character as a formal, tree-lined boulevard with vistas north terminated contributes to its significance. It preserves the historic location of an earlier pub by the towers of Hammersmith Bridge – these views north towards the bridge are depicted in nineteenth-century illustrations of the bridge. Overall, the setting of defined as key views in LB Richmond’s local policy. The Conservation Area Appraisal Nos. 107-109 makes a moderate contribution to its significance. (1995) describes Castelnau’s designed formality in the following terms:

River wall (Local Building of Merit) The sense of enclosure and linear quality is further emphasised by the heavy 3.49. The locally listed river wall (see Fig. 36 on page 28) is of moderate planting of front boundaries and the siting of mature trees within front historic interest as it provides evidence of historic flood-defence construction gardens, giving limited views of the buildings behind. The scale and massing methods. The parish boundary marker is of historic interest in providing of the buildings along Castelnau contribute towards a unique, large scale, evidence of the historic administrative boundary between Hammersmith and formal townscape which makes it quite distinct. Fulham and how this boundary was delineated. 3.52. The River Thames also makes a strong positive contribution to the 3.50. The setting of the river wall is defined by its relationship to the River character and appearance of the conservation area. The Conservation Area Thames. The wall can only be seen from the foreshore at low tide and is difficult Appraisal describes how, in contrast to the formal, heavily developed north to access. Consequently, very few people venture down from the Thames Path bank, the southern river bank is to be able to view the asset up close. Its form is difficult to make out from the informal, with a band of vegetation separating it from the railings which south bank, even at low tide, where it gets lost within the many later phases of form the rear boundary of Riverview Gardens. The railings allow the river wall construction. Overall, the asset’s setting makes a minor contribution pedestrian to see into the gardens and beyond to the cupolas of the Hunt to its significance. [Harrods] building.

3.53. Harrods Village represents the only significant post-war development within the conservation area. The Harrods Depository buildings at its heart positively contribute to the area’s character and appearance as providing a distinct contrast to the overriding residential nature of Castelnau and providing a reminder of the area’s industrial heritage, whilst maintaining the palette of materials and design that are common throughout the conservation area. The accompanying late-twentieth century townhouses and flats are of a sympathetic design based on Victorian classical precedents.

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Contribution of the Site to the character and appearance of the Castelnau 3.57. The building is also of moderate architectural interest, with a highly Conservation Area elaborate terracotta façade overlooking the River Thames (see Fig. 41 on 3.54. That part of the River Thames and Thames Path that lies within the page 33) designed to recall the architecture of the company’s flagship southern half of the Site boundary makes a major contribution to the character Knightsbridge store. The building’s scale is greater than any other on this and appearance of Castelnau Conservation Area, due to the importance of section of the south bank and provides a sense of the former character of the the River Thames to the setting of the buildings on the waterfront, and due industrial riverfront. to the views of the conservation area gained from the north river bank and Hammersmith Bridge. 3.58. The setting of the Harrods Depository makes a major contribution to its special interest, with its riverfront location meaning that it is a prominent 3.55. The Site boundary also includes the bank leading from Castelnau to element of dynamic and static views across the Thames from the north bank. the Thames path. Whilst this area does not contain historic road surfaces or Closer views are gained from the south bank as the building suddenly emerges street furniture, it does make a minor contribution to the conservation area’s through the tree-lined Thames Path, although these shorter-range views are character and appearance by creating a visual and physical, publicly-accessible arguably of less significance than longer-range views from the north bank. The connection between the Thames Path and the rest of the conservation area. building’s architecture is complemented by that of the mansion flats along Riverview Gardens, which also provide a transitional element between the tree- Outside of the Site boundary lined river bank and the Depository in views from the north bank. The retention Hammersmith Bridge (Grade II*) of the two other historic warehouses behind the riverside depository further For a summary of the significance of Hammersmith Bridge, please see page contributes to its setting, giving a sense of the building’s historic industrial 43. context.

Harrods Depository (Grade II) 3.56. The list description for the Grade II listed Harrods Depository describes its high historic interest in the following terms:

A remarkably pure and unaltered early example of the Kahn system of reinforced concrete, invented by Julius Kahn in 1903 and widely used in the car factories of Detroit by his brother Albert. The use of cantilevers makes this a particularly important example.

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K6 telephone kiosk (Grade II) The Lodge, Riverview Gardens (locally listed) 3.59. The telephone box (see Fig. 42 on page 33) is of moderate historic 3.63. The Lodge (see Fig. 48 on page 36) is of moderate architectural interest as an example of the iconic design by Sir Giles Gilbert Scott, of which interest as an attractive and externally well-preserved example of a lodge-style around 12,000 still survive. It is also of some minor artistic interest due to the house with its historic glazed ground-floor shopfront largely intact. It is also of aesthetic quality of the design which was intended to elevate the structure moderate historic interest as evidence of the continued high-end residential beyond a functional piece of street furniture to an enhancement of the expansion of Castelnau into the early twentieth century. streetscape. 3.64. The setting of The Lodge is defined by its relationship to Hammersmith 3.60. The telephone box’s setting is characterised by its location on Castelnau, Bridge and the ramp leading down to the southern Thames Path. Views of the a busy vehicular route (although the section of road on which the kiosk sits is building are generally shorter-range due to the mature trees lining Castelnau, currently closed), having been moved there from its original location up against although this contributes to its character as a lodge tucked within a leafy one of Hammersmith Bridge’s pedestals. It makes a very minor contribution to suburban setting. Overall, this asset’s setting makes a moderate contribution the overall historic townscape in terms of providing evidence of the age of the to its significance. area. Overall, its setting makes a very minor contribution to its significance. Nos. 1-30 Castelnau Mansions (locally listed) Nos. 1-76 Riverview Gardens (locally listed) 3.65. Nos. 1-30 Castelnau Mansions (see Fig. 49 on page 37) are of moderate 3.61. The terraces on Riverview Gardens (see Fig. 47 on page 36) are of architectural and artistic interest as well-preserved example of mansion flats, moderate architectural and artistic interest as an architecturally cohesive and employing high quality materials and elaborate decoration. The terraces are of well-preserved example of mansion flats, employing high quality materials and moderate historic interest as evidence of Castelnau’s continued residential elaborate decoration that makes them of great aesthetic value. The terraces are expansion into the early twentieth century, and as evidence of the favoured of moderate historic interest as evidence of Castelnau’s continued residential architectural style of mansion flat during the Edwardian era. expansion into the early twentieth century, and as evidence of the favoured architectural style of mansion flat during the Edwardian era. 3.66. The setting of Nos. 1-30 is characterised by its position on Castelnau, the busy thoroughfare approaching Hammersmith Bridge. The front garden of the 3.62. The setting of these terraces makes a moderate contribution to their block is densely planted which partially screens the block, creating evolving significance. The flats have clear views across the River Thames, while the dynamic views as one passes along Castelnau. Overall, the setting of Nos. 1-30 terraces are prominently visible from the northern river bank, especially during makes a minor contribution to its significance. winter when tree coverage is minimal. Views of the terraces from the northern bank are dynamic and change as one moves along the path. The buildings are read in combination with the Harrods Depository, with which they share many architectural elements. This further contributes to their significance and the quality of the historic townscape.

Hammersmith Bridge Temporary Ferry Crossing Heritage Statement / 1817-125 / 05/21 50 Alan Baxter 4.0 Heritage Impact Assessment 4.0 Heritage Impact Assessment Introduction 4.5. A 125m long modular floating walkway (using units by EZ Dock) will span between the flood defence wall and a second-hand barge, modified for use as a 4.1. This section begins by assessing the impact of the current closure of pier. The walkway will be restrained by 12 tubular piles of up to 0.5m diameter. Hammersmith Bridge on the significance and setting of the listed bridge. It then The required piling is to be minimised to avoid major impacts and disturbance assesses the impact of the proposed Temporary Ferry Crossing on the historic of the river environment. environment both north and south of the River Thames. 4.6. The barge will be restrained by a pair of spud legs – these have been 4.2. In response to pre-application discussions with the local planning selected given their temporary nature and lesser impact when compared to authorities, it has been agreed that this report assesses the impact of the piles. The pier is skewed downstream to facilitate passage of large vessels proposed Temporary Ferry Crossing upon the historic built environment in beneath Hammersmith bridge (the bridge is open for occasional navigation the vicinity of the Site in its existing state, rather than in terms of any future when no works are in progress on the bridge). proposals relating to heritage assets that have not yet been submitted to the local planning authorities. This is to allow the current application to be considered on its own merits. Richmond 4.7. The proposed Barnes Pier is formed from the old Savoy pier, itself a 4.3. By its very nature, any impacts of the proposed Temporary Ferry Crossing temporary structure, which will be repurposed for this development. The upon the historic built environment will be temporary in nature and reversed pontoon will be modified such that is restrained by a pair of spud legs rather following its removal. The degree to which the temporary and reversible nature than its current radial arms to minimise impact on the foreshore. of the proposals mitigate any harm caused to heritage assets is discussed 4.8. Access to the pier is by a 35m aluminium linkspan, with clear width 2.5m, further in the summary of overall impacts that conclude this chapter, and in connecting to the landside tow path. section 5.0. 4.9. The towpath is located beneath flood defence level and floods on large Summary of the proposals tides. As part of the works, a 45m lightweight steel frame walkway will be Hammersmith and Fulham installed to allow dry access to the pier. The clear width of this structure will be a 4.4. The proposed Hammersmith Pier is to land on the slipway located at minimum of 2.5m to suit segregated pedestrian and cycle traffic. the end of Queen Caroline Street. The slipway is seldom used and is closed off with timber flood boards. Access to the pier is to be via a lightweight steel ramp which will span over the flood boards.

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Impact of the current closure of Hammersmith Bridge Impact of the Proposed Ferry Crossing to the historic 4.10. The closure of Hammersmith Bridge to road traffic and the ongoing environment on the north bank of the River Thames restoration works causes harm to the significance and setting of the listed Within the Site boundary bridge, albeit temporarily, in a number of ways. The significance of the bridge Hammersmith Drawdock (Local Building of Merit) is harmed as it is not functioning in the way it was originally intended (to carry 4.15. Hammersmith drawdock has historic interest as one of the few remaining both pedestrians and vehicles), as it has done almost without interruption since physical reminders of the area’s industrial and commercial past and was one its construction. This detracts from the bridge’s significance in reducing its of the main connections between the River Thames and Hammersmith’s historic interest as one of the few surviving nineteenth-century road suspension hinterland. The Hammersmith Pier of the Temporary Ferry Crossing will land on bridges still carrying road traffic as well as pedestrians. Hammersmith drawdock. At present the dock is a seldom used access point to the River Thames. The construction of the Temporary Ferry Crossing will better 4.11. The scaffolding, work compounds and associated temporary signage reveal its historic interest by allowing more people to experience it as an access set up at either end of the bridge and around the pedestals detract from the to the River Thames. However, this effect will be temporary as the Ferry Crossing setting of the listed bridge by obscuring both short- and long-range views will be removed once repairs works to Hammersmith Bridge are complete. of the structure. Vistas along Castelnau from the south and Hammersmith Bridge Road from the north are particularly impacted. The disruption of the The Mall Conservation Area axial view north along Castelnau also harms the character and appearance of 4.16. Hammersmith drawdock makes a moderate contribution to the character the Castelnau Conservation Area by reducing one’s ability to understand the and appearance of The Mall Conservation Area, providing evidence of the historic relationship between the listed bridge and the development of the historic, commercial and industrial use of this stretch of the River Thames. neighbourhood along Castelnau. Therefore, the temporary heritage benefit of restoring greater river access from the drawdock will have a negligible positive benefit on the conservation area as 4.12. Views upstream and downstream from Hammersmith Bridge are also a whole. negatively impacted by the temporary works paraphernalia, and the temporary closure of the listed bridge’s southern footway means that significant views 4.17. The majority of The Mall Conservation Area is located west of downstream are limited to the carriageway. This causes further harm to the Hammersmith Bridge, therefore visibility of the Temporary Ferry Crossing, setting of the listed bridge. located east of the Bridge, will be minimal. Where it will be visible, the piers and associated linkspans will appear as a low-level, lightweight structure, in-keeping 4.13. The works are indicative of a deeper problem, and that is the underlying with other piers along this stretch of the Thames. In summary, the Temporary issues relating to the integrity of the listed bridge, which put its long-term Ferry Crossing will not impact the character and appearance of The Mall future at risk. Conservation Area. 4.14. Overall, the current closure of Hammersmith Bridge causes harm to its significance and setting, although this harm is largely mitigated by its temporary and fully reversible nature.

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Fulham Reach Conservation Area 4.22. Both piers will be visible in views from the eastern side of Hammersmith 4.18. Both piers and associated linkspans will be visible from within the Bridge. The Hammersmith pier, due to its length, will be particularly visible. conservation area, due to the high visibility along the River Thames. The However, although this will temporarily change the setting of the bridge it Hammersmith pier, with its long linkspan, will be particularly visible. However, will not impact its overall heritage significance. The piers are lightweight and this length is necessary so that ships are still able to navigate this stretch of open structures akin to the many other piers along this stretch of the River river. In addition, these low-level, lightweight structures are in-keeping with Thames. The elongated Hammersmith pier, whilst being longer than many of the use and enjoyment of this stretch of the River Thames and mirror the other the existing piers, will not overtly dominate in views downstream of the Bridge. piers within the conservation area to the east. Therefore, the Temporary Ferry In addition, as the bridge will be closed to all traffic for most of the time that the Crossing will not impact the character and appearance of the Fulham Reach Proposed Ferry Crossing is in operation, the change in this view will largely go Conservation Area. unnoticed by the public.

Outside the Site boundary Lower Mall (7 Grade II listed buildings, 3 Buildings of Local Merit) Hammersmith Bridge 4.23. The setting of the buildings on Lower Mall makes a major contribution 4.19. Hammersmith Bridge’s setting makes a major contribution to its overall to their overall heritage significance as their design is strongly influenced heritage significance as long range and close-up views from its approach by fronting onto the River Thames. The Temporary Ferry Crossing, on the roads, the Thames Path and the Bridge itself allow its exceptional historic and opposite side of Hammersmith Bridge, will be only minimally visible in views architectural interest to be fully appreciated. downstream. Where it is visible, the Temporary Ferry Crossing will appear as a lightweight and open structure, in-keeping with the other piers along this 4.20. Views of Hammersmith Bridge from the approach roads are at a higher section of the River Thames. The Temporary Ferry Crossing will not affect level than the level of the Thames and are also tightly framed by the structure of views upstream or those of Lower Mall from the southern bank. Therefore, the the bridge itself. The Temporary Ferry Crossing will therefore not impact these Temporary Ferry Crossing will not impact the overall heritage significance of the views. buildings on Lower Mall.

4.21. The view of the Bridge from both the northern and southern Thames Nos. 107-109 Hammersmith Bridge Road (Local Building of Merit) Paths, as well as the corresponding banks, will not be impacted by the 4.24. Setting makes a moderate contribution to this Local Building of Merit on Temporary Ferry Crossing. The piers will float with the tide and will be either Hammersmith Bridge Road, predominantly through the uninterrupted views level or at a lower level than the Thames Paths and banks. Therefore, the Bridge out over the River Thames from its southern elevation. It is also clearly visible will still be able to be appreciated as one walks along these areas. In addition, from the southern river bank. The Temporary Ferry Crossing will not impact the lightweight and open structure of the piers themselves will allow views of either view, appearing as a low-level, lightweight structure similar to other piers the Bridge from the River Thames. along this stretch of the River Thames.

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Historic river wall (Local Building of Merit) 4.28. The Richmond Pier of the Temporary Ferry Crossing will reuse the 4.25. The historic river wall’s setting only makes a minor contribution to its existing Savoy Pier, minimising intervention in the riverbed. In addition, the overall heritage significance, principally defined by its relationship to the River pontoon will be modified such that is restrained by a pair of spud legs rather Thames. The Temporary Ferry Crossing will not impact this relationship and than its current radial arms to minimise impact on the foreshore. The linkspan therefore will not impact on the river wall’s overall heritage significance. providing access to this pier will land on Thames Path on the eastern side of Hammersmith Bridge. The Thames Path will remain open throughout the Digby Mansions (Local Building of Merit) construction and operation of the Proposed Ferry Crossing and the installation 4.26. The setting of Digby Mansions makes a major contribution to its overall of a new raised walkway along part of the Thames Path will not impede heritage significance as its form, massing and architectural style is heavily access. Therefore, the Temporary Ferry Crossing will not physically impact the influenced by its location at the end of Lower Mall and Hammersmith Bridge as Castelnau Conservation Area. well as its proximity to the River Thames. The Temporary Ferry Crossing will not obscure these relationships, appearing as a neutral addition to the foreground Outside the Site boundary of views of it from the southern bank of the River Thames. Therefore, the Harrods Depository (Grade II listed) Temporary Ferry Crossing will not impact its overall heritage significance. 4.29. The setting of Harrods Depository makes a major contribution to its special interest, as it is a prominent element of dynamic and static views across Impact of the Proposed Ferry Crossing to the historic the Thames from the northern bank where it is seen in the context of Riverside environment on the south bank of the River Thames Gardens and historic warehouses behind. The Temporary Ferry Crossing Within the Site boundary will result in a minimal change to this setting but it will not impact on the Castelnau Conservation Area Depository’s overall significance as the piers, due to their lightweight and open 4.27. That part of the River Thames and Thames Path that lies within the design, will not draw attention in views and are in-keeping with other piers southern half of the site boundary make a major contribution to the character along this stretch of the Thames. and appearance of the conservation area due to the importance of the River Thames to the setting of buildings on the waterfront as well as views of the K6 telephone kiosk on Castelnau (Grade II listed) 4.30. The K6 telephone kiosk’s setting makes a very minor contribution to its conservation area from the northern bank and Hammersmith Bridge. In overall heritage significance as it was moved from its original location against addition, the bank leading from Castelnau to the Thames Path makes a minor one of Hammersmith Bridge’s pedestals to its current location on Castelnau. The contribution to the conservation area’s character and appearance by creating Temporary Ferry Crossing will not impact the kiosk’s overall significance as it will a visual and physical, publicly-accessible connection between the Thames Path have no visual or physical impacts upon this structure that will affect our ability and the rest of the conservation area. The Temporary Ferry Crossing will not to understand its historic and artistic interest. impact either of these aspects of the Castelnau Conservation Area’s character and appearance. The Richmond pier and linkspan are lightweight, open structures that are in-keeping with other piers along this section of the River Thames and will be either level with or below the existing river bank. No changes are proposed to the bank leading from Castelnau down to the Thames Path.

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The Lodge (locally listed) 4.31. The Lodge’s setting, defined by its relationship to Hammersmith Bridge and the ramp leading down to the Thames Path, makes a moderate contribution to its overall heritage significance. It is generally experienced in its leafy suburban setting through shorter range views. No changes are proposed to the ramp between the Thames Path and Castelnau as part of the Temporary Ferry Crossing, so there will be no impact on The Lodge’s overall heritage significance.

Riverview Gardens (locally listed) 4.32. The setting of Riverview Gardens makes a moderate contribution to its overall heritage significance as it is clearly visible across the River Thames from the north bank. The Temporary Ferry Crossing will be visible in the foreground of this view as a lightweight, open structure, in-keeping with other piers along this section of the Thames. Depending on the tide it will either be level with the embankment or slightly lower. It will not be unduly prominent in these views and will not distract attention away from Riverview Gardens. Therefore, the Temporary Ferry Crossing will not impact Riverview Gardens overall heritage significance.

Nos. 1-50 Castelnau Mansions (locally listed) 4.33. The setting of Castelnau Mansions, on a busy thoroughfare approaching Hammersmith Bridge, makes a minor contribution to its overall significance. The Temporary Ferry Crossing will not impact Castelnau Mansions’ overall heritage significance as it will have no visual impact upon views of this locally listed building.

Hammersmith Bridge Temporary Ferry Crossing Heritage Statement / 1817-125 / 05/21 55 Alan Baxter 5.0 Conclusion 5.0 Conclusion

5.1. This study has described the history and significance of heritage assets in the vicinity of the proposed Temporary Ferry Crossing across the River Thames immediately east of Hammersmith Bridge. As outlined in the preceding heritage impact assessment, the Temporary Ferry Crossing will not impact the overall heritage significance of any nearby heritage asset. The piers will be temporary, lightweight and functional structures that are in-keeping with other piers along this section of the Thames. They will float with the tides, being either level with or slightly lower than the embankments on either side of the River Thames and well below the level of Hammersmith Bridge.

5.2. The Hammersmith Pier will land on the historic Hammersmith Drawdock, a Local Building of Merit. This will, temporarily, better reveal its significance as a river access point (it is currently only rarely used). The Hammersmith Pier, in order to maintain a through route for river traffic, must be longer than its Richmond equivalent. Although this additional length will make it more visible in both longer- and shorter-range views, it is not considered to be unduly prominent in such views as to detract from an appreciation of nearby heritage assets. As such, the Temporary Ferry Crossing will not impact views either across the River Thames of either bank or of the River Thames from the Bridge itself. The proposals comply with national, regional and local policies relating to the historic environment, namely Policy HC1 of the London Plan, Policy DC8 of the LB Hammersmith and Fulham’s Local Plan and Policies LP3 and LP4 of LB Richmond’s Local Plan.

Hammersmith Bridge Temporary Ferry Crossing Heritage Statement / 1817-125 / 05/21 56 Alan Baxter Appendix A: Sources Appendix A: Sources Books and periodicals Cross-Rudkin, P. S. M. et al., eds. 2008. A Biographical Dictionary of Civil Engineers in Great Britain and Ireland, Volume 2: 1830-1890 (London: Thomas Anon. 1827. Hammersmith Suspension Bridge. Mechanics’ Magazine, 8/221, Telford on behalf of the Institute of Civil Engineers) 281-281 Davy, C. 1828. Descriptive Account of the Suspension Bridge Now Erecting at Anon. 1869. Hammersmith Suspension Bridge. The Engineer, 27, 190 Hammersmith, near London. Journal Franklin Institute, 1, 129-130 Anon. 1872. The Hammersmith Bridge. Engineering, 14, 79 Denny, Barbara. 1995. Hammersmith and Shepherds Bush Past (London: Anon. 1876. Hammersmith Bridge. Engineering, 21, 285 Historical Publications)

Anon. 1887. The New Hammersmith Bridge. The Engineer, 63, 309, 330-31, Denny, Barbara. 1997. Fulham Past (London: Historical Publications) 391-94 Drewry, C. S. 1832. A Memoir on Suspension Bridges (London: Longman, Rees Anon. 1887. Opening of Hammersmith Bridge (London: Metropolitan Board et al.) of Works) Hailstone, Charles. 1987. Hammersmith Bridge (London: Barnes & Mortlake Anon. 1895. Underpinning Hammersmith Bridge Pier. Engineering Record, Society) 32/3, 40 Myerscough, M. 2013. Suspension Bridges: Past and Present. The Structural Anon. 1939. Bombs Damage London Bridge. Engineering News Record, Engineer, 97/7, 12-21 122/15, 473 Owen, David. 1982. The Government of Victorian London 1855-1889 Brown, Maisie. 1997. Barnes and Mortlake Past with East Sheen (London: (Cambridge Mass: Harvard University Press) Historical Publications) Porter, Dale H. 1998. The Thames Embankment (Akron, Ohio: University of Clarke, Jonathan. 2014. Early Structural Steel in London Buildings (London: Akron Press) English Heritage) Skempton, A. W, ed. 2002. A Biographical Dictionary of Civil Engineers of Great Cookson, Brian. 2006. Crossing the River: The History of London’s Thames River Britain and Ireland, Volume 1, 1500-1830 (London: Thomas Telford on behalf of Bridges from Richmond to the Tower (Edinburgh: Mainstream) the Institute of Civil Engineers)

Smith, D. 1991-2. The Works of William Tierney Clark. Transactions of the Newcomen Society, 63, 181-207

Hammersmith Bridge Temporary Ferry Crossing Heritage Statement / 1817-125 / 05/21 57 Alan Baxter Appendix A: Sources

Reports London Borough of Hammersmith and Fulham. 1996. Fulham Reach Conservation Area Character Profile Line above: Alan Baxter. 2019. Hammersmith Bridge Statement of Significance (unpublished) London Borough of Richmond upon Thames. 1995. Castelnau Conservation Area Appraisal Baty, Patrick and Cathrine Hassall. n.d. Hammersmith Bridge: An Investigation of Paint Layers (London: UCL) London Borough of Richmond upon Thames. 2017. Heritage Statements Metropolitan Board of Works, Reports by Sir J.W. Bazalgette (on) a Proposed Bridge over the Thames, 11th February 1878 and 22nd March 1878

Metropolitan Board of Works. 1880. Metropolitan Bridges - Report by Sir J.W. Bazalgette

Mott Macdonald. 2018. Hammersmith Bridge Refurbishment - Desk Study Report

Policy documents Department for Communities and Local Government. 2019. National Planning Policy Framework

Historic England. 2008. Conservation Principles: Policies and Guidance

Historic England. 2017. Historic Environment Good Practice Advice in Planning Note 3 (Second Edition): The Setting of Heritage Assets

Historic England. 2017. Listing Selection Guide - Infrastructure: Transport

Historic England. 2019. Advice Note 1 (Second Edition): Conservation Area Appraisal, Designation and Management

London Borough of Hammersmith and Fulham. 1996. The Mall Conservation Area Character Profile

Hammersmith Bridge Temporary Ferry Crossing Heritage Statement / 1817-125 / 05/21 58 Alan Baxter Appendix B: Legislation, policy and guidance Appendix B: Legislation, policy and guidance

Relevant legislation, policy and guidance Paragraph 201 addresses harm to the significance of conservation areas. It states ‘Not all elements of a Conservation Area […] will necessarily contribute to National legislation and policy its significance’. Planning (Listed Building & Conservation Areas) Act 1990 and Planning Act 1990 (As Amended) The NPPF also requires good design, as set out in chapter 12 and emphasised in relation to the historic environment in paragraph 127. Conservation Areas are designated by local planning authorities under the Act as ‘areas of special architectural or historic interest the character or appearance of which it is desirable to preserve or enhance’. When considering proposals Regional policy in a conservation area, local authorities must pay ‘special attention […] to the London Plan (March 2021) The London Plan (March 2021) is underpinned by the principle of ‘Good desirability of preserving or enhancing the character or appearance of that area.’ Growth’, that is, growth that is socially and economically inclusive and National Planning Policy Framework (NPPF) (June 2019) environmentally sustainable (Paragraph 1.0.1). Paragraph 1.1.4 highlights the Chapter 16, entitled ‘Conserving and Enhancing the Historic Environment’, positive impact that good quality, affordable homes, better public transport contains guidance on heritage assets and conservation areas. The Site passes connectivity, accessible and welcoming public space, and built forms that work through The Mall Conservation Area and Castelnau Conservation Area; with local heritage and identity will have on London. The key policies relevant to conservation areas are designated heritage assets as defined in Annex 2 of the the Proposed Ferry Crossing in the context of heritage are: HC1 and HC3. NPPF. Policy HC1 Heritage conservation and growth states: Paragraph 189 sets out how applicants should describe, identify and assess the Development proposals affecting heritage assets, and their settings, should particular significance of any heritage assets affected by proposals. conserve their significance, by being sympathetic to the assets’ significance Paragraph 193 states that ‘when considering the impact of a proposed and appreciation within their surroundings. The cumulative impacts of development on the significance of a designated heritage asset, great weight incremental change from development on heritage assets and their settings should be given to the assets conservation’. should also be actively managed. Development proposals should avoid harm and identify enhancement opportunities by integrating heritage Paragraph 200 advises that local planning authorities should look for considerations early on in the design process. opportunities for new development within Conservation Area and within the setting of heritage assets to enhance or better reveal their significance. Policy HC3 Strategic and Local Views states:

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E The Mayor has prepared Supplementary Planning Guidance on the … management of the designated views – the London View Management Framework Supplementary Planning Guidance (LVMF SPG). The Mayor will, Local views afforded by the open nature of the borough’s riverfront are when necessary, review this guidance. important in determining the character of each stretch of the riverside. Many heritage assets are located along the river, and it is important that their setting F Boroughs should include all designated views, including the protected and relationship with the river is preserved or enhanced. vistas, in their Local Plans and work with relevant land owners to ensure there is inclusive public access to the viewing location, and that the view The council will refuse permission where applications in these views would foreground, middle ground and background are effectively managed in lead to harm to the significance of a designated heritage asset and townscape accordance with the LVMF SPG. generally, unless it can be demonstrated that public benefits outweigh the harm caused. Opportunities for enhancement of strategic and local views will G Boroughs should clearly identify local views in their Local Plans and be pursued where they arise. strategies. Boroughs are advised to use the principles of Policy HC4 London View Management Framework for the designation and management of 1. Applications within the Thames Policy Area will not be permitted if it would local views. Where a local view crosses borough boundaries, the relevant cause unacceptable harm to the view from the following points: boroughs should work collaboratively to designate and manage the view. a. from Hammersmith Bridge, the view along the river, foreshore, and riverside London Borough of Hammersmith & Fulham Policy development and landscape between Hammersmith Terrace to the west and Fulham Football Ground to the south; Hammersmith & Fulham’s Local Plan was adopted on 28 February 2018, replacing the Core Strategy (2011) and Development Management Local Plan … (2013). It is the basis for planning decisions and future development in the borough. The policies relevant to this heritage assessment are quoted below. 2. Applications will also not be permitted if it would cause unacceptable harm to the view from within the Thames Policy Area of any of the following important POLICY DC1 BUILT ENVIRONMENT local landmarks identified on the Policies Map, or their settings: All development within the borough, should create a high quality urban a. Upper and Lower Mall. The richness, diversity and beauty of the historical environment that respects and enhances its townscape context and heritage waterfront which includes Hammersmith Terrace, Kelmscott House and assets. There should be an approach to accessible and inclusive urban design neighbouring group of listed buildings, and the open space of Furnivall Gardens that demonstrates how good design, quality public realm, landscaping, heritage allowing views of the skyline of Hammersmith and the spire of St. Paul’s Church; assets and land use can be integrated to help regenerate places. … POLICY DC7 VIEWS AND LANDMARKS d. Hammersmith Bridge. This fine example of a suspension bridge is particularly dominant, and is an important landmark along this stretch of the river; or

…

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POLICY DC8 HERITAGE AND CONSERVATION g. applications should include a description of the significance of the asset concerned and an assessment of the impact of the proposal upon it or its The council will conserve the significance of the borough’s historic environment setting which should be carried out with the assistance of a suitably qualified by protecting, restoring and enhancing its heritage assets. These assets include: person. The extent of the requirement should be proportionate to the nature listed buildings, conservation areas historic parks and gardens, the scheduled and level of the asset’s significance. Where archaeological remains of national monument of Fulham Palace Moated site, unscheduled archaeological remains significance may be affected applications should also be supported by an and buildings and features of local interest. When determining applications archaeological field evaluation; affecting heritage assets, the council will apply the following principles: h. proposals which involve substantial harm, or less than substantial harm to the a. the presumption will be in favour of the conservation, restoration and significance of a heritage asset will be refused unless it can be demonstrated enhancement of heritage assets, and proposals should secure the long term that they meet the criteria specified in paragraph 133 and 134 of the National future of heritage assets. The more significant the designated heritage asset, the Planning Policy Framework; greater the presumption should be in favour of its conservation; i. where a heritage asset cannot be retained in its entirety or when a change of b. applications affecting designated heritage assets, including alterations and use is proposed, the developer should ensure that a suitably qualified person extensions to buildings will only be permitted if the significance of the heritage carries out an analysis (including photographic surveys) of its design and asset is conserved or enhanced; significance, in order to record and advance the understanding of heritage in the borough. The extent of the requirement should be proportionate to the c. applications should conserve the setting of, make a positive contribution to, nature and level of the asset’s significance; or reveal the significance of the heritage asset. The presence of heritage assets should inform high quality design within their setting; j. the proposal respects the principles of accessible and inclusive design; d. applications affecting non-designated heritage assets (buildings and artefacts k. where measures to mitigate the effects of climate change are proposed, of local importance and interest) will be determined having regard to the scale the applicants will be required to demonstrate how they have considered the and impact of any harm or loss and the significance of the heritage asset in significance of the heritage asset and tailored their proposals accordingly; accordance with paragraph 135 of the National planning Policy Framework; l. expert advice will be required to address the need to evaluate and conserve e. particular regard will be given to matters of scale, height, massing, alignment, archaeological remains, and to advise on the appropriate mitigation measures materials and use; in cases where excavation is justified; and f. where changes of use are proposed for heritage assets, the proposed use, and m. securing the future of heritage assets at risk identified on Historic England’s any alterations that are required resulting from the proposed use should be national register, as part of a positive strategy for the historic environment. consistent with the aims of conservation of the asset’s significance, including securing its optimum viable use; London Borough of Richmond upon Thames Local Policy and

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Guidance areas and their special character within the borough, including those along Richmond’s Local Plan was adopted in July 2018, while two matters subject to the River Thames and its banks, will be maintained and enhanced, and historic legal challenges were adopted in March 2020. The Plan sets out the priorities for views and the setting of heritage assets will be protected. In established the future development of land in the borough and is used for making decisions residential areas the historic character as well as local biodiversity and trees will on planning applications. The relevant policies for this heritage assessment are be maintained quoted below. Policy LP 3 Designated Heritage Assets The Local Plan Strategic Vision A. The Council will require development to conserve and, where possible, take Our vision for the London Borough of Richmond upon Thames over the next opportunities to make a positive contribution to, the historic environment of 15 years is to build on the success of maintaining and enhancing the borough’s the borough. Development proposals likely to adversely affect the significance villages, its unique character and developing a strong and varied sense of place, of heritage assets will be assessed against the requirement to seek to avoid in partnership with local communities and other key stakeholders. harm and the justification for the proposal. The significance (including the settings) of the borough’s designated heritage assets, encompassing 1.PROTECTING LOCAL CHARACTER Conservation Areas, listed buildings, Scheduled Monuments as well as the Registered Historic Parks and Gardens, will be conserved and enhanced by the Villages and historic environment following means:

The borough’s villages and their special and distinctive characters will have 1. Give great weight to the conservation of the heritage asset when considering been protected, with each being unique, recognisable and important to the the impact of a proposed development on the significance of the asset. community and to the character of the borough as a whole. They will continue to maintain and enhance their distinctiveness in terms of the community, 2. Resist the demolition in whole, or in part, of listed building. Consent for facilities and local character. Heritage assets including listed buildings and demolition of Grade II listed buildings will only be granted in exceptional Conservation Areas, historic parks as well as Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew World circumstances and for Grade II* and Grade I listed buildings in wholly Heritage Site, which contribute so significantly to the character of this borough, exceptional circumstances following a thorough assessment of the justification will have been protected and enhanced. for the proposal and the significance of the asset.

3 Spatial Strategy 3. Resist the change of use of listed buildings where their significance would be harmed, particularly where the current use contributes to the character of the Protecting Local Character surrounding area and to its sense of place.

The borough has an outstanding built, historic and natural environment and a 4. Require the retention and preservation of the original structure, layout, key priority of the Spatial Strategy is that this unique local character continues architectural features, materials as well as later features of interest within listed to be protected and enhanced throughout the borough. The different village buildings, and resist the removal or modification of features that are both

Hammersmith Bridge Temporary Ferry Crossing Heritage Statement / 1817-125 / 05/21 62 Alan Baxter Appendix B: Legislation, policy and guidance internally and externally of architectural importance or that contribute to the contribution to the character or distinctiveness of the area. significance of the asset. C. All proposals in Conservation Areas are required to preserve and, where 5. Demolitions (in whole or in part), alterations, extensions and any other possible, enhance the character or the appearance of the Conservation Area. modifications to listed buildings should be based on an accurate understanding of the significance of the heritage asset. D. Where there is evidence of intentional damage or deliberate neglect to a designated heritage asset, its current condition will not be taken into account in 6. Require, where appropriate, the reinstatement of internal and external the decision-making process. features of special architectural or historic significance within listed buildings, and the removal of internal and external features that harm the significance of E. Outline planning applications will not be accepted in Conservation Areas. the asset, commensurate with the extent of proposed development. The Council’s Conservation Area Statements, and where available Conservation Area Studies, and/or Management Plans, will be used as a basis for assessing 7. Require the use of appropriate materials and techniques and strongly development proposals within, or where it would affect the setting of, encourage any works or repairs to a designated heritage asset to be carried out Conservation Areas, together with other policy guidance, such as Village in a correct, scholarly manner by appropriate specialists. Planning Guidance SPDs.

8. Protect and enhance the borough’s registered Historic Parks and Gardens Policy LP 4 Non-Designated Heritage Assets by ensuring that proposals do not have an adverse effect on their significance, including their setting and/or views to and from the registered landscape. The Council will seek to preserve, and where possible enhance, the significance, character and setting of non-designated heritage assets, including Buildings 9. Protect Scheduled Monuments by ensuring proposals do not have an adverse of Townscape Merit, memorials, particularly war memorials, and other local impact on their significance. historic features.

B. Resist substantial demolition in Conservation Areas and any changes that There will be a presumption against the demolition of Buildings of Townscape could harm heritage assets, unless it can be demonstrated that: Merit.

1. in the case of substantial harm or loss to the significance of the heritage asset, Policy LP 5 Views and Vistas it is necessary to achieve substantial public benefits that outweigh that harm or loss; The Council will protect the quality of the views, vistas, gaps and the skyline, all of which contribute significantly to the character, distinctiveness and quality of 2. in the case of less than substantial harm to the significance of the heritage the local and wider area, by the following means: asset, that the public benefits, including securing the optimum viable use, outweigh that harm; or 1. protect the quality of the views and vistas as identified on the Policies Map, and demonstrate such through computer-generated imagery (CGI) and visual 3. the building or part of the building or structure makes no positive impact assessments;

Hammersmith Bridge Temporary Ferry Crossing Heritage Statement / 1817-125 / 05/21 63 Alan Baxter Appendix B: Legislation, policy and guidance

2. resist development which interrupts, disrupts or detracts from strategic and local vistas, views, gaps and the skyline; Appendix C:

3. require developments whose visual impacts extend beyond that of the Greater London Historic immediate street to demonstrate how views are protected or enhanced; Environment Record search map 4. require development to respect the setting of a landmark, taking care not to create intrusive elements in its foreground, middle ground or background;

5. seek improvements to views, vistas, gaps and the skyline, particularly where views or vistas have been obscured;

6. seek improvements to views within Conservation Areas, which:

1.a. are identified in Conservation Area Statements and Studies and Village Plans; 1.b. are within, into, and out of Conservation Areas; 1.c. are affected by development on sites within the setting of, or adjacent to, Conservation Areas and listed buildings.

Hammersmith Bridge Temporary Ferry Crossing Heritage Statement / 1817-125 / 05/21 64 Alan Baxter Appendix B: Legislation, policy and guidance

Hammersmith Bridge Temporary Ferry Crossing Heritage Statement / 1817-125 / 05/21 65 Alan Baxter Appendix B: Legislation, policy and guidance

Hammersmith Bridge Temporary Ferry Crossing Heritage Statement / 1817-125 / 05/21 66 Alan Baxter Appendix C: Greater London HER search map

522500 523000 523500 GLHER Report 15258 Hammersmith Bridge, W6 TQ 22938 78036 ± Radius 300m

178500 178500 21 November 2019

Archaeology "^_PotteryArchaeological Sites Find Spot Rivers XY Building 8 Listed Building Ordnance Survey Licence number 100024900. Licence Survey Ordnance (ModernTDP & TAS Boroughs ë Maritime Archaeology Registered Parks & Gardens

Scheduled Ancient Monuments

World Heritage Sites

Archaeological Priority Area Event Location Event Location (Not fully e! recorded on the GLHER database) © Historic England 2019 © Crown Copyright and database right 2019. All rights reserved. Copyright and database England 2019 © Crown © Historic Requested Search Area 178000 178000 Scale (at A4): 1:5,318

This map is based upon Ordnance Survey material with the permission of Ordnance Survey on behalf of the Controller of Her Majesty's Stationery Office. © Crown Copyright. Unauthorised reproduction infringes Crown Copyright and may lead to prosecution or civil proceedings. Historic England. 100019088. © Historic England. Historic OS Mapping: © and database right Crown Copyright and Landmark Information Group Ltd (all rights reserved) Licence numbers 000394 and TP0024.

Notes: Any Listed Building information shown on this map extract is provided solely to indicate the location of the listed building(s) and does not attempt to indicate the curtilage or the full extent of the listing(s). Any archaeological priority area(s) shown on this map extract are those used by the Historic England archaeological advisors and there may be minor differences when compared to the relevant borough UDP or LDF.

1 Waterhouse Square, 138-142 Holborn, London EC1N 2ST Tel: 020 7973 3000 Fax: 020 7973 3001 522500 523000 523500 www.HistoricEngland.org.uk

Hammersmith Bridge Temporary Ferry Crossing Heritage Statement / 1817-125 / 05/21 67 Alan Baxter Appendix D: Hammerstmith Bridge List Description Appendix D: Hammersmith Bridge List Description

Map  

HAMMERSMITH BRIDGE

Overview

Heritage Category: Listed Building

Grade: II*

List Entry Number: 1080793

Date first listed: 25-Jun-1983

Statutory Address: HAMMERSMITH BRIDGE, HAMMERSMITH BRIDGE SW13

© Crown Copyright and database right 2019. All rights reserved. Ordnance Survey Licence number 100024900. © British Crown and SeaZone Solutions Limited 2019. All rights reserved. Licence number 102006.006. Use of this data is subject to Terms and Conditions (https://historicengland.org.uk/terms/website-terms-conditions/).

The above map is for quick reference purposes only and may not be to scale. For a copy of the full scale map, please see the attached PDF - 1080793.pdf (http://mapservices.HistoricEngland.org.uk/printwebservicehle/StatutoryPrint.svc/81308/HLE_A4L_Grade|HLE_A3L_Grade.p

The PDF will be generated from our live systems and may take a few minutes to download depending on how busy our servers are. We apologise for this delay.

This copy shows the entry on 07-Nov-2019 at 13:26:57.

Location

Statutory Address: HAMMERSMITH BRIDGE, HAMMERSMITH BRIDGE SW13

The building or site itself may lie within the boundary of more than one authority. County: Greater London Authority

Hammersmith Bridge Temporary Ferry Crossing Heritage Statement / 1817-125 / 05/21 68 Alan Baxter Appendix D: Hammerstmith Bridge List Description

The contents of this record have been generated from a legacy data system. District: Legacy System number: Richmond upon Thames (London Borough) 205352 National Grid Reference: Legacy System: TQ 22938 78036 LBS

Details Sources 22/14/1 HAMMERSMITH BRIDGE SW13 22/2/1 HAMMERSMITH BRIDGE 25-JUN-1983 Books and journals Hailstone, C , Hammersmith Bridge, (1987) II* Suspension bridge, 1884, by Sir Joseph Bazalgette, 1973 strengthening work and restoration a�er 2000. 'The Engineer' in The New Hammersmith Bridge, , Vol. 63, (1887), 309,330-31 Smith, D, 'Civil Engineering Heritage: London and the Thames Valley' in Hammersmith Bridge, (2001) DESCRIPTION: Hammersmith Bridge is an elaborate suspension bridge that is 250.5m long and 13.1m wide carrying an 8.2m Smith, D, 'Transactions of the Newcomen Society (1991-1992)' in The Works Of William Tierney Clark, (1992) wide carriageway formed from wrought-iron girders. The bridge has wrought-iron parapets, mild steel chain links and air draught gauges both up and down stream. There are monumental anchorages surviving from the early C19 bridge; these have been substantially rebuilt in the interests of greater strength. The abutments and piers are made of concrete clad in Portland stone and cast-iron. The road decking dates from 1973-6. Legal

The skeletal wrought-iron framework of the towers, the cross-beams and related superstructure is clad in ornamental cast- This building is listed under the Planning (Listed Buildings and Conservation Areas) Act 1990 as amended for its special iron castings, gilded in places. The bridge is very ornate and the decorative iron blocks that support the walkway sit on squat, architectural or historic interest. clustered Doric columns on stone piers in the river. The bridge is painted dark green and gold, the colour scheme that Bazalgette originally intended as seen on the original plans. There are some heraldic designs on the towers: the Royal Arms of the UK, Guildford (the county town of Surrey), Colchester (the county town of Essex) and the crests of the county of Kent and End of oicial listing the cities of London and Westminster.

HISTORY: Hammersmith Bridge was begun for the Metropolitan Board of Works in 1884 and was opened by the Prince of Wales on 18 June 1887. It cost £71,500 and was designed by the Board's chief engineer, Sir Joseph Bazalgette (1819-91). In 1973-6 the bridge was strengthened and repaired in extensive works; in June 2000, Hammersmith Bridge was the target of a terrorist bomb attack and, a�er repairs, was reopened subject to a weight limit. Images of England

The bridge rests on pier foundations constructed for an earlier bridge on the site. The original Hammersmith Bridge, built in 1824-27 to designs by William Tierney Clark (1783-1852), was the first iron suspension bridge to span the Thames. Despite Images of England was a photographic record of every listed building in England, created as a snap shot of listed buildings at having been declared 'highly satisfactory' by Thomas Telford, as early as the 1850s there were structural concerns about the turn of the millennium. These photographs of the exterior of listed buildings were taken by volunteers between 1999 and Clark's design. Crowds of spectators rushing from side to side to watch the annual University Boat Race caused the deck to 2008. The project was supported by the Heritage Lottery Fund. sway alarmingly, and by the 1870s, there was further anxiety as Boat Race crowds of up to 12,000 people congregated on the bridge. Despite the dramatic e�ect of such unusual live loading, the bridge survived until the early 1880s, when the Date: 13 Jun 2004 Metropolitan Board of Works chose to replace the bridge to a design by Bazalgette. In 1884, a temporary bridge was erected across the river and used until Bazalgette's structure was completed in 1887. Reference: IOE01/12096/11 Rights: Copyright IoE Mrs Jenni Le Roux. Source Historic England Archive REASONS FOR DESIGNATION: * The architectural quality of Hammersmith Bridge is remarkable in both form, with its monumental towers, and ornamentation, as seen in the lavish colour scheme and heraldry; the bridge is one of the most distinctive on the Thames and is of more than special interest. * Replacing one of the first modern suspension bridges in the Archive image, may not represent current condition of site. world of which the foundations still survive, the bridge is of technological special interest for its materials and is also distinguished by its connection with the highly-significant Victorian engineer Joseph Bazalgette.

SOURCES: D Smith, 'The works of William Tierney Clark', Trans. Newcomen Soc, 63 (1991-92), 181-207. D Smith, 'Hammersmith Bridge', in Civil Engineering Heritage: London and the Thames Valley (Institution of Civil Engineers/MPG Books, 2001), 39-40. 'The new Hammersmith Bridge', The Engineer, 63 (1887), 309, 330-31, 391-94. C Hailstone, Hammersmith Bridge (Barnes & Mortlake History Society, London, 1987).

Legacy

Hammersmith Bridge Temporary Ferry Crossing Heritage Statement / 1817-125 / 05/21 69 Alan Baxter Appendix E:: Conservation Area Maps Appendix E: Conservation Area Maps

Hammersmith Bridge Temporary Ferry Crossing Heritage Statement / 1817-125 / 05/21 70 Alan Baxter Appendix E:: Conservation Area Maps

Map of The Mall Conservation Area (LB Hammersmith and Fulham)

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Hammersmith Bridge Temporary Ferry Crossing Heritage Statement / 1817-125 / 05/21 71 Alan Baxter Appendix E:: Conservation Area Maps

Map of Fulham Reach Conservation Area (LB Hammersmith and Fulham)

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to Crown copyright and database rights

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Park 5a e

98 33 54

Play Area Twynholm Mansions l

ANE

ANE 2018 OS Licence No. LA100019223

25 k

William Morris House 42 to 1

OW 41 OW

ary) c

1 D D

40 ws 8 CREFELD CLOSE

39 21 1 t

Avonda st

4a G

30 12 46

o Ro to 28 to

ur to

21 34 INGWOOD ROAD INGWOOD

INGWOOD ROAD INGWOOD Me

103 8

2 h

1 UE UE

K K

Lyndhurst

CLAXTON GROVE GROVE CLAXTON CLAXTON

WYFOLD 14 WYFOLD

Fulham Cross Girls Schoo (second a Connaught

yard

EN EN

to man 21 r

6 9a 30 15 5 34 44 43

23 7 f No

2a 22 9 1 to 20

34 69 O AV O

6 AV O 42

45 53

347

D 1 D 48

28 and Language College 2

ALLESTREE ROAD ALLESTREE

41 ROAD ALLESTREE

49 STRODE ROAD ROAD STRODE STRODE

The Court The

ROWALLAN ROAD ROAD ROWALLAN ROWALLAN

65 44

16 36

19 52 38 18

WAR 26 27 WAR ANCILL CLOSE 47

20 351

42 89 48 25a

127 21 43 8 32 2 25h t 72 108 o

26 43 1 9 57

55 67 7 1 c

MARRYAT 0

44 1 1

8 8 15 37 36

13 65

2 SQUARE

91 7

MABLETHORPE ROAD ROAD MABLETHORPE MABLETHORPE

a t a 22 56

50 GASTEIN ROAD ROAD GASTEIN GASTEIN

Shelter 20f 34 20

359 31

MARGRAVINE ROAD

71a 13

161 28 29 33

a 29 15 361 68

5 14

89 7 12

23 o

Play Area t

16 22f 3 Sta 44 7

1 72a

22a

b b

House

u 8 44

S SS 74

1 to 6

to e to LEGEND

71 35 E

6 a KIMBELL GARDENS

61 El

26 to 70 to 26 67 2

69 65

6 5 SIDBURY STREET Play Area 64

SL 24 69

PURCELL CRESCENT PURCELL

SL CRESCENT PURCELL 59 60 54

William Morris William 17 2

28 Lillie Road Fitness Centre ADENEY CLOSE ADENEY

ADENEY CLOSE ADENEY 51 75 16 67 18 60

56 55 139 1 79

120 99 63 58 Connaught Mansions 72

21 70

41 55 66

78 87

1 46

109b 67 29a 53 79 49

111 66

39 7 77

103 1

26 90

109 144

101 363

132

41 Chapel 32

4 37

2 House 2 120

55 108 16 45 82

Walk 29 2 Chedworth 4 8 10 Oakley 96

BRONSART ROAD 9 1 18

40 44

6 DERE CLOSE DERE 38 CLOSE DERE 1 to 4 to 1

5 84 14 75

S Gantry 43 52

3 72 House a 1 to 30 72

Reynwell 46 87 SL 53

63 5

149 66 60 SL

ESS 58 1 Mackenzie House 55

92 l Sub St 58 39 CONSERVATION AREA 70 82

31 E

50 2 6

9 9

56 9

80 1

Sand 1 3 g 2a Drag SL 19 FIRTH GARDENS El 79

97 67 11

53 Sub 68 Sta 20 44 1

LURGAN AVENUE 3 91

Centre

56 63 96 86 EVERINGTON STREET

42 35

50 Learnin

37 14

St Dunstan's St

46 28

School Treatment School 25 107 32

source Centre source 10

69 Quadrangle 61 ion

67 9

ST DUNSTAN'S ROAD ROAD DUNSTAN'S DUNSTAN'S ST ST

1 to 28 to 1 Re

Hall 13 23 FULHAM

67 Kingwoo 14 111 23 22

370 Pavil 60

372 11

1 12

1 65 The 49 44

102 1a

2 47

120

Sixth Form CLAYBROOK ROAD BRANKSEA STREET 118 William Morris 58 1

59 0 28

08 3

25 1 RLEY TERRACE RLEY

(Secondary School) Schoolkeepers 21 364 TERRACE RLEY 57

Lodge 362 A 91 House 13 18

OK TERRACE OK

11 40 TERRACE OK 57

83 26

EDG EDG 12 33 House

El Sub Sta 373

Henry BRO 12 BRO 1 Parsons 36

n Secondary

Schoo M M

West London Magistrates' Court A

Play Area A

L L 51

51 STREET

HAWKSMOOR ompto

89 C

90 113

90 361

MARGRAVINE ROAD 1

GREYHOUND ROAD ROAD GREYHOUND GREYHOUND

44 7

101 8 144

33 54 8

5 142 359 80 to

34 65 120

146 45 48 37 530 44

84 28 43

PO Mansions 13

50 to 57 38 e

71 3 56 347 elt h

SL S

42 52

1 SL 78 to 25 80 49 ents SL

67 345

26 2

34 l Sub Sta Sub l

E T T

71 LILLIE ROAD 20

St Clem FULHAM PALACE ROAD 35 335 41 Cemetery 18 Shelter

h 72 35 36 378

to s

67b l

2 333 St Etheldreda's l

31 4 9 20 10 38 4 Church 30 Lygon 9 Pari

329 Ha 68 House

526

DERLEY STREE STREE DERLEY DERLEY

70 50

L 1 L

67 STREET

STREET 33

STREET 13 27 37

CHI BOTHWELL CHI

24 327

DELORME STREET STREET DELORME DELORME

am 55a

ASPENLEA ROAD ASPENLEA

Yeldh ROAD ASPENLEA ATALANTA STREET STREET ATALANTA ATALANTA

7 323 s

Villas Golding House 1

1 lat 23

100

AVERILL

AVERILL 26 59 F

Recreation Ground a 311 Court y

6 4

1 to 19 to 1

25 to 32 17 E

59 51 School of Nursing of School to

58 24 514 REET

510 1a

Cliff 305 512a 19

512

2 House ST

80 307 a 504 18

58 2

17 289

16 rage RRY

Mansions 498

1 291 9 to 16 496 ca el

El Sub St 2 Vi

Lodge 273 NCU

El Sub Sta O Chap

Chapel 13 275 1 to 8 CL

Cross PCs

Charing 12 269

YELDHAM ROAD ROAD YELDHAM YELDHAM

47 45 13 14 490

Hospital 271 2c 48

2a 1

488

494a 2a

15 to 22 494

48 49 492 St Clements a

48 El St 1

45 241 FULHAM PALACE ROAD 92

Shelter 2

Sub 243

BISCAY ROAD ROAD BISCAY BISCAY

4 FULHAM PALACE ROAD

7 to 14 229 3 BERYL ROAD BERYL

BERYL ROAD BERYL 225 Shelter

94 Club 2b 231 5 12

381 227 1

2 37

2a 38 1

1 to 24

2 2

38 1 d

100 306

392 326 342

2 Shelter 302

Horatio House 38 rch

304

346 nite

1 to 6 324 u 1

340 Shelter 470 1

292 U

394 344 Ch

468 Reformed

288

79 to 85 33 Mansions 290 398 to 402 374

378

211 1

372 2

446 1

209 376

s 406

Hamlet ' 444 House 410

438 ub Sta ub

177 199 404

173 Dorset 408

169 201 to 207 436

28 175 193 urch S El

Shelter 32 13 ement

h 1 1 to 30 to 1 17 8 C 5 1 179 to 183 185 191 Cobb's Hall 36 Cl 16 7

110 40 11

o 25 to 4

25 9 1 t

22 21 26

Pond PALACE ROAD 2a 26 FULHAM

31 23 Craven Lodge 1

El Sub Sta

8 n

2 30 220

G 20 a 4 1

168 to 188 to 168

190

Pond 224

192 208

18 206 Shelter 1 222

198 Are 1

118 to 134 1 Owe 28 2

162 to 166 to 162 2 3 72 to 49

Play

2 1 House 2

1 2 Guiness Trust 122 5

Robert 13

Ophelia House 11 1 1

Buildings 117 to 100

12 158 2 23

160 1 6 152 to 156 to 152 2

F 14 7

ESS 11 1

Clifford Haigh House Haigh Clifford

12 6 31

77 24 to 17 14

1 10 1 1

2 1 7 21

13 90 to 73 2 23 13

132

3 9 to 16 to 9

14 14

14 Yeldham House Yeldham 13

The Lanchesters

1 to 22 to 1 ILE STREET ILE

C 11 STREET ILE 1

STREET Shelter STREET

85 to 126 8 to 1 13

1 33 14

Melcombe

DONERA 2 35 DONERA

1 13

House

Elsinore

KENYON KENYON

2a KENYON 2

SILVERTON ROAD SILVERTON Guinness ROAD SILVERTON 39

0 24

2 18 127 4

Primary School 13 13 23

99b 20

Keir Hardie House 13 26

Trust Buildings 84 to 43 14

14 77 8

25 48

3 102

14 21 46 1 to 42 to 1

25 45 42 y Are to

B 47 a

87 89 91

Surgery 26 26 A 11

101 26 113 25

91 99 23

107 13

109 1

111 1

ET 25 ET 41

114 ELLALINE ROAD ELLALINE House ROAD ELLALINE

ET ET

ROAD ROAD

PARFREY STREET STREET PARFREY PARFREY

112 11 26

110

RE RE

STRE STRE

108 25 47 19

BY BY 54

FULHAM PALACE ROAD 33 44

Shelter Brandenburgh 46

50 26 16

30 36

44 104

NELLA NELLA 2

66 25 31 El Sub Sta

LARNACH ROAD ROAD LARNACH LARNACH

38 48

PO 6

ELLER ELLER ROSEDEW ROAD ROAD ROSEDEW ROSEDEW

64 82

6 FINLAY ST ST FINLAY FINLAY

NITON STREET STREET NITON NITON 92 26

11 6

42 27 33 35

PH 48 28 COLWITH ROAD COLWITH

COLWITH ROAD COLWITH 37 69 23 33

71 38

1 to 10 8

Works 3

A 40 75 5

1 to 10 8 4 25 21

1 to 10 B PH 23 9

37 0a 5

C 1

5 2 38

63 5

43 53 37 19 4

58 1

56 14

38 47

AYFAIR STREET 48 30 1 to 8 8

PL 37

37 49 8

DISTILLERY LANE DISTILLERY

H LANE DISTILLERY

8 2

50 WOODLAWN ROAD

33 62

1 to 8 38 18

G 37 90 39 18 8 47 9 9

LYSIA STREET LYSIA LYSIA STREET LYSIA 1 35 22 45

27 41 50

CRABTREE LANE CRABTREE 1 to 8 LANE CRABTREE HARBORD STREET STREET HARBORD HARBORD

6 36

F 50

27 1 38 44 RANNOCH ROAD 1 to 8 e El

E 53 51

QUEENSMILL ROAD QUEENSMILL

Sub 19 ROAD QUEENSMILL my

Sta

Pugin Bungalow Pugin 54 1 6

52 3

70 56 68

41 47 13

The Bridge Provision 64

93 Acade

LANGTHORNE STREET STREET LANGTHORNE LANGTHORNE 27 59 Alternativ 6

53 53 55 60 5 72 33

6 98

Play Area 70 RANNOCH ROAD 43 62 56

5 45 46

4 72 39 57

61 59 53

63 ET ET

22 11

71 49

80 48

TRE TRE 42

S S 62

88 46 85 to 92 86

El Sub Sta 65 84 38 55

3 33 33

2 Bath Place Bath 53

1 to 8 70 1 87 ta

96 75 ESS 56

9 to 16 71

91 Warwick 61

LOCHALINE STREET LOCHALINE

LOCHALINE STREET LOCHALINE 57 107 INGLETHORPE INGLETHORPE

08 Cottage INGLETHORPE El Sub S

1 62 74

77 to 84 51 64 2 50

112 7 T T

17 to 24 110 103 65 7 67 78

THE WOODLAWN ROADer

Shelt 66 105 El 25 to 32 RANNOCH ROAD 73

Sub 122 Sta

Play Area 50

65 8

2 67

12 47

119 66 36

54 40 24 14 2 1

76 47

68 121

71 to 76 to 71 67

GRESWELL STREE GRESWELL 1 STREE GRESWELL

33 to 40 to 33 DISTILLERY ROAD 87 127

SQUARE 70 to 63

63 60

PETLEY ROAD 74 73

12 119 36

77 75

7 55 to 62 to 55

Peabody Estate 12

77 40

65 60 29 19 11 62

67 1

49 to 54 to 49 42 18 69

Queen's Manor School 11

41 to 48 to 41 17 59 88

MANBRE ROAD 90 and Special Needs Unit 1 to 10 (primary)

S J 15 79 WINSLOW ROAD ROAD WINSLOW WINSLOW

36 88

KENYON STREET STREET KENYON KENYON 44

1 to 10 to 1 2

BOWFELL ROAD ROAD BOWFELL BOWFELL WINGRAVE ROAD ROAD WINGRAVE WINGRAVE

COLWITH ROAD COLWITH

El Sub Sta ROAD COLWITH

84 M 87

1 to 12 12 86 85

1 to 10 to 1 131

K 22

SKELWITH ROAD ROAD SKELWITH SKELWITH

1 to 10 to 1 79 34

1 46 1 87 136

1 to 10 to 1 21

40 to 46 to 40 2

N 10

19 1

CHANCELLOR'S ROAD ROAD CHANCELLOR'S CHANCELLOR'S 21 to 26 18 15 90

89 HOLYPORT ROAD

91 23 1 to 10 to 1 25

L 39 34 30 28

Q 5 32

1 to 2 10 to 1 2 29 7

RAINVILLE ROAD 91

97 6

1 to 10 to 1

94 31 to 45 to 31 O 23 29 1

118

116 4 81 1 to 8 96 93

0 27 to 32 to 27

21 Elizabeth House 27

1 to 10 to 1 97 8

12a

0 19 25

o o

3 Rosebank

12 20 to 14 5 t 5 99

33 to 39 70

Riverside

114 1 to 10 to 1 115 to 120 to 115 The to

29 157 to 146

121 to 126 to 121 1 Hall

143 (PH) 101 145

145 House 21 to 35 99 14 113

110 to 112 to 110 103

Tavern t 107 to 109 to 107

132 to 137 to 132 Crabtree 128 to 131 to 128

to 16 to 23

Crabtree 144

48a RAINVILLE ROAD

104 to 106 to 104 9 to 21

102

101 to 103 to 101 30 150

El Sub Sta Sub El 138 Boa Waterfront 105

113 The Depot Station Pumping 115 107

1 to 20 7 62 to 98 10 Lysia Court Lysia

ANE 104 CRABTREE L Palace Stand 12 Wharf 10

El 15 to 6 105 Revisions

a 106

1 to 79

Sub Sta 3 5 Margaret House 106

STEVENAGE ROAD 127

King Henry's Reach Henry's King

TSHEAF LANE TSHEAF 12 LANE TSHEAF 2

158

13 to 20 to 13

142 11a

Brunswick House 140

HEA HEA STEVENAGE ROAD

13 1 to 10

W W

11 3 1

Sta

Sub Shelter

52 5

to 9 42

Hall 40 to 2

26 11 39

41 1 to 27 to 1 LOSE

Rosebank LOSE 77 to 81 to 77 Notes Date Rev. Init. 1 t Play Area

11 1 Studios 37 Thames Wharf 54

Flood Gates

10 Car 13

15 85 127 to 133 to 127 125 113 99 101 Park 9 to 1 45

Alder 47

145

OWBANK C OWBANK OWBANK C OWBANK Lodge

Thames 56

13 Reach to 35 43

137

10 to 17 to 10

62 Games Court

27 55 to 17

19 9 6

69 2 MEAD MEAD 67

Adam Walk 60 El

1 to 20 46 ROWBERRY CL 61

48 54

18 to 25 to 18 K 55

19 28 to 1

5 3 58

59 21 to 29 Sub Sta

64 Mud

QUEEN CAROLINE STREET STREET CAROLINE CAROLINE QUEEN QUEEN

Stand

Eleanor House 51

57 50

35 WAL

52 45 47 to 83 to 47

49 59

Groyne 1 to 4 to 1

ST JAMES STREET JAMES ST

ST JAMES STREET JAMES ST 4

MILLSHOTT CLOSE CLOSE MILLSHOTT MILLSHOTT

61 to 65 to 61 Play Area

57 51 53

20 47 43

37 Recreation Centre

Dorset Wharf

MP Tea Rose Wharf 49

Greyhound Wharf 55 33

Wharf 41 ETERNIT 13 27 Crabtree Mean High Water 9 42

Mud h

19 1

39 Craven Cottage

31 Lodge (Football Stadium) 1 to 20

12 11 79 to 56

1 to 31 to 1 18 Stand CHANCELLORS STREET CHANCELLORS CHANCELLORS STREET CHANCELLORS 19 1 to 20 23 70

20 40

1 PH

Wharf PAL House PAL EMEAD CLOSE EMEAD Isabella House 25 CLOSE EMEAD Goldhurst El Wheatsheaf Sub Sta

1 to 138 17 to 14

1 to 5 to 1 17 Mean High Water 39

Distillery Wharf

ge 8 8 2 33 30

Rosebank Wharf to

CRISP ROAD Water's Edge 1 2 22 2

1 to 20 4 Sand and Shingle o

o 14 o

t t

2 Cedar Lod

6 1 1 Henrietta House Henrietta Mud Lodge Willow Caroline House 1 Stand Sand and Shingle Elm Lodge

Sand and Shingle 21

23 30

24 to 1 Sloping masonry SM s

Mean High Water 15 Blakes

16 Wharve Mean High Water Sand and Shingle

9 40 39

1 to 16 to 1 10 MHW

Charlotte House Charlotte Wharf Mud enage arves

h Wharf ev Chancellors

Studios 32 Riverside 1 to 141 31

Sand and Shingle Queen's Wharf 26

25 River Thames Sand and Shingle

1 to 16 to 1 Mean High Water

Alexandra House Alexandra Flood Gates Flood River Thames

Chancellors Wharf

MP PH 107 MP init. date

5 Mean High Water surveyed Shingle Sand and Shingle Sloping masonry Mean High Water Sand and Shingle designed

MHW Shingle

Sloping masonry River Thames

1 to 63 Shingle d drawn /

Holst Mansions Holst Mansions d WAS Nov. '18

Sloping masonry William Hunt Mansions 10 to 1 San traced

11 to 19 to 11 29 to 39 to 29 20 to 28 to 20

96 1 to 11 to 1 Handel Mansions

96 El Sub Sta 24 to 1

SOMERVILLE AVENUE 20 to 12 checked HOR Nov. '18 1 to 24 29 to 21

69 to 76 House Wrenn 94 30 to 39 to 30 ipway

Sl Charles Harrod Court 61 to 68 20 Garraway Court

53 to 60 15 1 to 9 to 1 AON Nov. '18 WYATT DRIV approved

77 to 79 to 77 E 92

45 to 52

SM 50 Shingle 85 to 80

ST EDMUNDS SQUARE

Clayton House 91 86 to 93 to 86 Boat House BRASENOSE DRIVE El Sub Sta Mean High Water Scale Original Sheet Size

31 to 36 1 to 37 Sand and Shingle

94 to 99 to 94 Sloping masonry

25 to 30 5 Richard Burbidge Mansions 37 to 41 to 37 100 to 105 to 100 Pond

46 Sloping masonry 1 : 2500 A1

19 to 24 10 106 to 111 to 106

13 to 18 47 ORIEL DRIVE 90 48

112 to 117 to 112 TRINITY CHURCH ROAD 19 to 36 to 19

7 to 12

House 118 to 123 to 118 32 Caldwell

53 RIVERVIEW GARDENS 87

1 to 6 37 1 to 18 to 1 124 to 129 to 124

220 222 22 54 to 49

ESS

43 to 48 to 43 25 1 to 8

43 46 85

1 to 10 LONDON BOROUGH OF CLAVERING AVENUE 42 to 37 16

El Sub Sta Sub El 12 Doyle House

31 to 36 to 31 KEBLE PLACE KEBLE

KEBLE PLACE KEBLE 31

9 to 16

11 to 20 30 to 25 HAMMERSMITH & FULHAM 44

to 21

46 CRESCENT

42 44

Castelnau24 to 19 Gardens 40

2 9 82

13 to 18 to 13 17 to 24 to 17

21 to 30 HEIDEGGER

Gilbert House 7

Castelnau Mansions Castelnau 42 6

Arundel TRANSPORT & HIGHWAYS

24 Mansions 7 to 12 to 7 Works

1 ARUNDEL TERRACE

40 Astley

House

16 Works 38

1 to 6 to 1 1 to 11

53 31 to 40 TRINITY CHURCH ROAD House

Boddington 1

El Sub Sta TOWN HALL, KING STREET

Court 22 6 Arundel

13 8 80

41 to 50 LONDON, W6 9JU 209

CARTWRIGHT WAY WAY CARTWRIGHT CARTWRIGHT

7 to 12 to 7

Castelnau Mansions Castelnau 2

203

1a House Harding

20 8 1 to 6 to 1

13 9

Sloping masonry (PH) 1 Telephone 020 8748 3020 MERTHYR TERRACE 11

The Bridge 200 18

202

12 7 2 21 1

Mean High Water 198

WYATT DRIVE DRIVE WYATT WYATT 2 33

194 6 2 PROJECT

192 35 12 a 4

14 39

192 5l 26

190 5 10 WYATT DRIVE

1 4

Trinity

House GROVE 28

GARDENS 1b

14 32

CASTELNAU CASTELNAU 2

(PH)

GLENTHAM Arms 1 to 5

TRINITY CHURCH PASSAGE CHURCH TRINITY 178 PASSAGE CHURCH TRINITY

The Boileau

12 1 to 8 BURGES

201

3 2 13 15 El Sub Sta

14 1

Blakemore Gardens Hall

15 16 193 Pond Shelter

Tennis Courts Pavilion 164

17 PO 18 34

1 TRINITY CHURCH ROAD FULHAM REACH 1a

Allotment Gardens

162 36 28

Blakemore Villas 183 23 Church

24 Holy Trinity Vicarage 1

25 26 37

3 9 3 Reservoirs l

173 CONSERVATION AREA 39 5

DEVEREUX LANE LANE DEVEREUX DEVEREUX

40 171

41 1 160

4 21

16 1 Play Area

Sports Centre

LONSDALE ROAD Barn Elms Scho ST HILDA'S ROAD HILDA'S ST ST HILDA'S ROAD HILDA'S ST 40

7 17 CASTELNAU ROW CASTELNAU

37 42 to 46 to 42

Sub Sta

17 12

150

GLENTHAM ROAD

46a 132 17 to 1

157

FIELDING MEWS FIELDING 52 134 MEWS FIELDING 27 128

130 6

JENNER PLACE

s 27

urt Club 140 o

C Drawing Status:

21 1 s

56 LILLIAN ROAD 112 147

Tenn

ur 59

128a 22

7 s Co i 61

21a 102 to 110

60 Tenn

21 101 DWG No. Shelter rev.

Depot 58

99 130 5

65 139

128 2 56000/64/39

96 to 100 126

BOILEAU ROAD ROAD BOILEAU BOILEAU

Hammersmith Bridge Temporary Ferry Crossing Heritage Statement / 1817-125 / 05/21 72 Alan Baxter Appendix E:: Conservation Area Maps

Map of Castelnau Conservation Area (LB Richmond)

Hammersmith Bridge Temporary Ferry Crossing Heritage Statement / 1817-125 / 05/21 73 Alan Baxter

Alan Baxter

Prepared by Victoria Bellamy and John Willans Reviewed by John Willans Draft issued May 2021

T:\1817\1817-125\12DTP Data\2021-05 Hammersmith Bridge_Heritage Statement for Temporary Ferry\1817-125_Hammersmith Temporary Ferry_Heritage and Visual Impact Assessment .indd

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