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Abronia Lythrochila Smith & Álvarez Del Toro,1963 Información General

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Abronia Lythrochila Smith & Álvarez Del Toro,1963 Información General Abronia lythrochila Smith & Álvarez del Toro,1963 Información general Zaldívar Riverón Alejandro, Walter Schmidt, Peter Heimes 2002. Abronia lythrochila. Revisión de las categorías en el proyecto de norma oficial mexicana (PROY-NOM-059-2000) para las especies de lagartijas de la familia Anguidae (Reptilia). Museo de Zoología "Alfonso L. Herrera", Departamento de Biología, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México. Bases de datos SNIB-CONABIO. Proyecto W026. México. D.F. Autor: Zaldívar Riverón Alejandro, Walter Schmidt, Peter Heimes Correo electrónico: [email protected], [email protected] Fecha de publicación:12/01/2004 Información taxonómica Reino: ANIMALIA Phylum: CHORDATA Clase: REPTILIA Orden: SQUAMATA Familia: ANGUIDAE Nombre científico: Abronia lythrochila Smith & Álvarez del Toro, 1963 Nombre común Dragoncito. Español. MEXICO CHIAPAS Nombre común asignado por Álvarez del Toro (1982) para las especies de Abronia procedentes de Chiapas. 1 Escorpión. Español. MEXICO Este nombre común es dado a todas las especies de ánguidos en México debido a la falsa creencia de que son animales venenosos (González-Romero, 1982). Colección(es) de referencia Museo de Zoología, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México (MZFC); Colección Herpetológica, Instituto de Biología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México (IBH); Collection of Herpetology, Los Angeles County Museum (LACM); Collection of Herpetology, University of Texas at Arlington (UTA); University of Illinois Museum of Natural History (UIMNH). Descripción de la especie Lagarto de cuerpo aplanado dorso-ventralmente perteneciente al subgénero Auriculabronia (Campbell & Frost, 1993). Se distingue de los demás miembros de su género por presentar la siguiente combinación de características (Campbell & Frost, 1993): 1) cabeza aplanada y triangular; 2) escamas preauriculares granulares y escamas suprauriculares espinosas; 3) postmentonal no dividida; 4) parietales separadas por una escama temporal primaria superior; 5) 14 hileras de escamas ventrales longitudinales; 6) cantal ausente; 7) una prenasal; 8) cuatro escamas en la segunda hilera temporal; 9) escamas de la cabeza muy rugosas; 10) escamas dorsales en 32-35 hileras transversales. La coloración dorsal en los especímenes adultos de esta especie es variable, pudiendo ser café clara, amarillenta, rojiza, grisácea o casi enteramente negra. Algunos ejemplares muestran manchas en la cabeza, escamas sublabiales y dorso de color rojo o anaranjado. El vientre es blanco inmaculado. Los especímenes adultos llegan a medir hasta 113 mm de longitud hocico cloaca (Heimes & Schmidt, 2001, personal). Distribución Actual MEXICO CHIAPAS Abronia lytrochyla ocurre en bosques de pino-encino y bosques de encino ubicados en la región de la Mesa Central de Chiapas (Campbell & Frost, 1993). Original MEXICO Desconocida. 2 Ambiente Macroclima Habita en regiones con clima templado húmedo con lluvias en verano (CW), en altitudes que varían de los 2000 a los 3000 msnm (Campbell & Frost, 1993). Hábitat Es un lagarto de hábitos arborícolas que prefiere vivir entre la vegetación epifita (Smith & Álvarez del Toro, 1962; Campbell & Frost, 1993). Situación actual del hábitat con respecto a las necesidades de la especie Actualmente los bosques templados presentes en la parte central del estado de Chiapas donde ocurre Abronia lythrochyla aún cuentan con una extensión considerable, aunque éstos se ha visto más afectados durante los últimos diez años debido al acelerado crecimiento de asentamientos humanos en dicha zona, principalmente en las regiones aledañas a San Cristóbal de Las Casas (Schmidt, 2001, personal). Refugios A la fecha se desconoce de posibles refugios para esta especie, aunque la mayor parte de sus registros provienen de regiones aledañas a San Cristóbal de Las Casas, Chiapas (Schmidt & Heimes, 2001, personal). Tipo de vegetación Bosque mesófilo de montaña Ocurre en bosques de pino-encino y bosque de encino, con un área de ocupación de menos de 500 km2 en 4 poblaciones aisladas (Hudson et al., 2000). 3 Historia natural de la especie Antecedentes del estado de la especie o de las poblaciones principales No existe ningún antecedente sobre el estado de la especie. De las seis especies del género Abronia presentes en el estado de Chiapas, A. lytrochyla es la que probablemente tiene un área de distribución menos restringida de acuerdo con los registros de ejemplares depositados en colecciones científicas. No obstante, dicho número no excede un total de 30 ejemplares, la mayor parte de ellos depositados en colecciones en los Estados Unidos (Zaldívar-Riverón, 2001, personal). Historia de la vida Abronia lytrochyla es una lagartija vivípara al igual que las otras especies de su género para las cuales se conoce su modo de reproducción (Schmidt, 2001, personal). Relevancia de la especie Al igual que varias de las especies del género Abronia, muy poco se conoce de la mayoría de los aspectos de la biología de A. lythrochyla. Lo anterior se debe principalmente a la dificultad para observar a esta especie en su hábitat debido a sus hábitos arborícolas. Debido a que la supervivencia de A. lytrochyla depende totalmente de la conservación de las zonas boscosas en donde habita, la fuerte presión a la que actualmente están sujetos los bosques templados en el estado de Chiapas hacen que se deban tomar medidas urgentes que lleven a la protección de esta especie. Reproducción Los únicos datos que se conocen sobre la reproducción de esta especie provienen de dos hembras mantenidas en cautiverio, las cuales dieron a luz cuatro y cinco crías en los meses de junio y agosto, extendiéndose el parto a través de varios días o hasta semanas (Álvarez del Toro, 1982). Categorías y factores de riesgo Conservación A partir del año 2000 fue creado el CAMP Abronia, comité conformado por investigadores nacionales y extranjeros con el fin de proponer planes de acción para la conservación de las diferentes especies de Abronia (Hudson et al., 2000). Factores de riesgo Debido a sus hábitos preferentemente arborícolas, Abronia lytrochyla se ve principalmente afectada por la tala inmoderada en las zonas donde habita (Hudson et al., 2000). NOM-059-ECOL-2001 Pr sujeta a protección especial Ejemplares de referencia http://www.conabio.gob.mx/conocimiento/ise/fichasnom/ejemplares/Abroniagraminea00ejemplares.pdf Bibliografía Álvarez del Toro, M. 1982. Los reptiles de Chiapas. Instituto de Zoología del Estado de Chiapas. Tuxtla Gutiérrez, Chiapas. Campbell, J.A. y Frost, D.R. 1993. Anguid Lizards of the genus Abronia: Revisionary notes, descriptions of four new species, a phylogenetic analysis, and a key. Bulletin of the American Museum of Natural History. (216): 121. 4 Good, D.A. 1988. Phylogenetic relationships among gerrhonotinae lizards, an analysis of external morphology. University of California Press. (121): 1-139. Hudson, R., Guichard, C., Flores-Villela, O. y Ellis, S. 2001. Conservación, asesoramiento y manejo planificado para lagartijas Abronia. IUCN/SSC Conservation Breeding Specialist Group. Tuxtla Gutiérrez, Chiapas. 5.
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