Vznik a Vývoj Vybraných Plaveckých Sportů V Rámci Novodobých Olympijských Her

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Vznik a Vývoj Vybraných Plaveckých Sportů V Rámci Novodobých Olympijských Her Z A V PLZNI FAKULTA PEDAGOGICKÁ ÁPADOČESKÁ UNIVERZIT CENTRUM TĚLESNÉ VÝCHOVY A SPORTU Vznik a vývoj vybraných plaveckých sportů v rámci novodobých olympijských her DIPLOMOVÁ PRÁCE Bc. Lenka Metličková Učitelství pro 2. stupeň ZŠ, obor Tv-Te Vedoucí práce: Mgr. Radek Zeman Plzeň 2021 s Prohlašuji, že jsem diplomovou práci vypracovala samostatně použitím uvedené literatury a zdrojů informací. , 19.dubna 2021 Plzeň ………………………………………….. vlastnoruční podpis PODĚKOVÁNÍ CHTĚLA BYCH TÍMTO PODĚKOVAT VEDOUCÍMU MÉ DIPLOMOVÉ PRÁCE MGR. RADKOVI ZEMANOVI Z PEDAGOGICKÉ FAKULTY ZÁPADOČESKÉ UNIVERZITY V PLZNI ZA ODBORNÉ VEDENÍ A CENNÉ PŘIPOMÍNKY PŘI JEJÍM VYPRACOVÁNÍ. 1 OBSAH 2 ÚVOD....................................................................................................................................... 6 3 CÍL A ÚKOLY PRÁCE................................................................................................................... 7 3.1 CÍL PRÁCE ......................................................................................................................... 7 3.2 ÚKOLY PRÁCE ................................................................................................................... 7 3.3 METODIKA PRÁCE ............................................................................................................. 7 4 HISTORIE OLYMPISMU ............................................................................................................. 8 4.1 HISTORIE OH V ANTICE ..................................................................................................... 8 4.2 NOVODOBÉ OLYMPIJSKÉ HRY ........................................................................................... 9 4.2.1 MEZINÁRODNÍ OLYMPIJSKÝ VÝBOR ......................................................................10 4.2.2 OLYMPIJSKÉ SYMBOLY..........................................................................................10 4.3 HISTORIE ČESKÉHO OLYMPISMU ......................................................................................12 4.3.1 ČESKÝ OLYMPIJSKÝ VÝBOR ...................................................................................12 5 VÝVOJ PLAVÁNÍ A PLAVECKÝCH SPORTŮ ..................................................................................14 5.1 SVĚTOVÝ VÝVOJ ...............................................................................................................14 5.1.1 PLAVECKÉ SOUTĚŽE NA OLYMPIJSKÝCH HRÁCH ....................................................15 5.1.2 MEZINÁRODNÍ FEDERACE.....................................................................................16 5.2 VÝVOJ V NAŠICH ZEMÍCH .................................................................................................16 5.2.1 ORGANIZACE PLAVECKÉHO SPORTU A PLAVECKÉ SOUTĚŽE ..................................17 5.3 PLAVÁNÍ JAKO SOUČÁST JINÝCH SPORTŮ .........................................................................18 6 PLAVÁNÍ A PLAVECKÉ SPORTY NA OLYMPIJSKÝCH HRÁCH ........................................................20 6.1 I. OLYMPIJSKÉ HRY – ATHÉNY 1896 ..................................................................................20 6.2 II. OLYMPIJSKÉ HRY – PAŘÍŽ 1900 .....................................................................................21 6.3 III. OLYMPIJSKÉ HRY – ST. LOUIS 1904...............................................................................22 6.4 IV. OLYMPIJSKÉ HRY – LONDÝN 1908 ................................................................................24 6.5 V. OLYMPIJSKÉ HRY – STOCKHOLM 1912 ..........................................................................26 6.6 VI. OLYMPIJSKÉ HRY – BERLÍN 1916 ..................................................................................29 6.7 VII. OLYMPIJSKÉ HRY – ANTVERPY 1920............................................................................29 6.8 VIII. OLYMPIJSKÉ HRY – PAŘÍŽ 1924 ..................................................................................31 6.9 IX. OLYMPIJSKÉ HRY – AMSTERDAM 1928 ........................................................................34 6.10 X. OLYMPIJSKÉ HRY – LOS ANGELES 1932 .........................................................................36 6.11 XI. OLYMPIJSKÉ HRY – BERLÍN 1936 ..................................................................................38 6.12 XII. OLYMPIJSKÉ HRY – TOKIO 1940 A XIII. OLYMPIJSKÉ HRY – LONDÝN 1944 .....................41 6.13 XIV. OLYMPIJSKÉ HRY – LONDÝN 1948 ..............................................................................41 6.14 XV. OLYMPIJSKÉ HRY – HELSINKI 1952 ..............................................................................43 6.15 XVI. OLYMPIJSKÉ HRY – MELBOURNE 1956 .......................................................................46 6.16 XVII. OLYMPIJSKÉ HRY – ŘÍM 1960 ....................................................................................48 6.17 XVII. OLYMPIJSKÉ HRY – TOKIO 1964 ................................................................................51 6.18 XIX. OLYMPIJSKÉ HRY – MEXIKO 1968...............................................................................54 6.19 XX. OLYMPIJSKÉ HRY – MNICHOV 1972 ............................................................................56 6.20 XXI. OLYMPIJSKÉ HRY – MONTREAL 1976 .........................................................................59 6.21 XXII. OLYMPIJSKÉ HRY – MOSKVA 1980 ............................................................................62 6.22 XXIII. OLYMPIJSKÉ HRY – LOS ANGELES 1984 ....................................................................64 6.23 XXIV. OLYMPIJSKÉ HRY – SOUL 1988.................................................................................67 6.24 XXV. OLYMPIJSKÉ HRY – BARCELONA 1992 .......................................................................70 6.25 XXVI. OLYMPIJSKÉ HRY – ATLANTA 1996...........................................................................73 6.26 XXVII. OLYMPIJSKÉ HRY – SYDNEY 2000 ............................................................................77 4 6.27 XXV. OLYMPIJSKÉ HRY – ATHÉNY 2004 .............................................................................80 6.28 XXIX. OLYMPIJSKÉ HRY – PEKING 2008..............................................................................84 6.29 XXX. OLYMPIJSKÉ HRY – LONDÝN 2012 .............................................................................87 6.30 XXXI. OLYMPIJSKÉ HRY – RIO DE JANEIRO 2016.................................................................91 6.31 XXXII. OLYMPIJSKÉ HRY – TOKIO 2020 ..............................................................................94 6.32 STRUČNÝ PŘEHLED ZMĚN ................................................................................................95 7 DISKUZE ..................................................................................................................................98 8 ZÁVĚR ...................................................................................................................................100 9 RESUMÉ ................................................................................................................................101 10 SEZNAM POUŽITÉ LITERATURY ..............................................................................................102 11 SEZNAM TABULEK .................................................................................................................105 5 2 ÚVOD Jako téma své diplomové práce jsem si zvolila historický přehled vývoje vybraných plaveckých sportů, především tedy plavání, v rámci novodobých olympijských her. Plavání patří k jednomu z nejstarších sportů. Historie tohoto sportu je od samých začátků rozmanitá a nese si s sebou velice zajímavý vývoj, který jsem se v této kvalifikační práci snažila co nejlépe popsat a shrnout. Práce je rozdělena do jednotlivých kapitol. V úvodu se stručně věnuji obecné historii olympijských her od jejich úplného počátku. Poté následuje kapitola, ve které se věnuji vývoji především plavání, ale i vybraných plaveckých sportů, a to jak ve světě, tak i v našich zemích. V této kapitole také naleznete vývoj jednotlivých technik plaveckých způsobů. Stěžejní část této diplomové práce se ukrývá v další kapitole, ve které se čtenář seznámí postupně se všemi letními olympijskými hrami od roku 1896 až do roku 2016. Každé olympijské hry mají svou podkapitolu. V úvodu této podkapitoly je stručný popis místa a doby, případně významné události, které se na dané olympiádě staly. V další části se zabývám konkrétně plaváním a plaveckými sporty a v poslední části je k vidění tabulka disciplín, které byly na programu olympijských her a samozřejmě i jejich vítězové. 6 3 CÍL A ÚKOLY PRÁCE 3.1 CÍL PRÁCE Hlavním cílem této práce je vytvořit přehled o historii plavání a plaveckých sportů v průběhu olympijských her. 3.2 ÚKOLY PRÁCE Ke splnění cíle jsem si stanovila následující úkoly: Shromáždit optimum informací z dostupné literatury o olympijských hrách a o historii plavání a plaveckých sportů. Následně informace analyzovat, vymezit období před novodobými olympijskými hrami a období novodobých olympijských her. Vytvořit základní představu o historii olympijských her a popsat vývoj plavání v rámci novodobých olympijských her Vytvořit chronologicky seřazený přehled vývoje plavání v rámci novodobých her. 3.3 METODIKA PRÁCE K zachycení vývoje plavání a plaveckých sportů v rámci novodobých olympijských
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