International Journal of Mosquito Research 2016; 3(4): 58-113

ISSN: 2348-5906 CODEN: IJMRK2 An inventory of the authentically identified and IJMR 2016; 3(4): 58-113 © 2016 IJMR classified mosquito taxa in the ‘CRME Museum’, Received: 12-05-2016 Accepted: 14-06-2016 with annotations on its significance in taxonomic

BK Tyagi research in India (a) Centre for Research in Medical Entomology (Indian

Council of Medical Research) BK Tyagi, A Muinirathinam and A Venkatesh Sarojini Street, Chinna Chokkikulam, Madurai, TN, Abstract India (b) Visiting Professor, Mosquitoes (Culicidae) constitute an important constituent faunal diversity. Consequently their Department of Zoology & preservation in repositories is considered indispensable for both current research and future evolutionary Environmental Science, Punjabi discourses. There are close to 4000 species in the world, of which nearly 10% (403 species) occur in India. University, Patiala, Punjab, There are some museums in India where most of the imperial collections of species are deposited, but India unfortunately a vast part of these has become unsuitable for any serious investigation due to either a state of dilapitaed specimens or improper storage of specimens. Mosquito museum of Centre for Research in A Muinirathinam Medical Entomology, Madurai is however an exception with 242 taxa, with a large number of types and Centre for Research in Medical paratypes etc., taxonomically classified and inventorized. Thus by 2015 CRME Museum assumed the Entomology (Indian Council of status of a resourceful and internationally reputed repository for training scientists in taxonomy and Medical Research) Sarojini systematics both from inland and abroad. Street, Chinna Chokkikulam, Madurai, TN, India Keywords: Mosquitoes, taxonomy, species, CRME, museum

A Venkatesh Centre for Research in Medical Introduction Entomology (Indian Council of Notwithstanding endowed with a rich biodiversity, India’s faunal wealth of mosquitoes remains Medical Research) Sarojini yet to be fully explored – hook, line and sinker (Tyagi et al., 2015)91! Most of the taxa of Street, Chinna Chokkikulam, mosquitoes were discovered, inventored and mapped during the British regime during the 19th Madurai, TN, India th and early 20 centuries were described systematically in the magnum opuses on the tribe [8] Anophelini by Christophers (1933) and the tribe Culicini as well as Megarhinini by Barraud (1934) [3], under the world famous The Fauna of British India series, albeit largely outdated at present due to taxonomic vagaries of a large number of taxa (e.g., synonymy, nomen nodum status, inclusion of non-mosquito fauna of Chaoboridae and Dixidae, and even inclusion of

certain New World taxa). Both these comprehensive publications combinedly enlisted just over 300 species and subspecies of mosquitoes against 403 recently catalogued by Tyagi et al. (2015) [92], implying that there has been about 25% increase in the total faunal strength. Safe depositories or museums are integral to these centuries-old legacy of meticulous collecting, identifying and preserving.

From the beginning when mosquito surveys in India had commenced more or less exclusively in context with malariological research and disease control in the country, the precious vouched specimens were deposited in the museum of the then Central Malaria Bureau established in 1909 (later rechristened as National Institute of Communicable Diseases in 1963 and more recently Correspondence renamed again as National Centre for Disease Control in 2009) (Kaur, 1992) [98]. After the mid- BK Tyagi (a) Emtd. Scientist “G” 1960s when malaria was almost controlled these collections had unfortunately begun to draw (Director) & Director in-Charge, dismal attention and care, and consequently much of it either withered away or dilapidated in Centre for Research in Medical the passage of time, leaving most of the ‘types’ rendered useless to compare. Meanwhile owing Entomology (Indian Council of to extensive malariological, filariological and virological surveys across the country in view of Medical Research) Sarojini emerging and re-emerging vector-borne diseases even in areas hitherto remaining a terra Street, Chinna Chokkikulam, incognito, new repositories were established at National Institute of Virology, Malaria Research Madurai, TN, India (b) Visiting Professor, Centre, Vector Control Research Centre and Centre for Research in Medical Entomology – all Department of Zoology & being the institutes under Indian Council of Medical Research. The science of taxonomy, which Environmental Science, Punjabi is a primary discipline in the realms of biological sciences, has been recently attracting abysmal University, Patiala, Punjab, interest in India, possibly in the wake of appreciable control of malaria, particularly Plasmodium India vivax cases (from 6.4 million cases in 1980s to 1.2 million cases in 2010s – a fivefold reduction ~ 58 ~ International Journal of Mosquito Research

approximately equal to 59.2%). Disappointingly enough for the adults were searched into vegetation, aerial roots, tree holes, taxonomy as a basic biological discipline, once an integral crab holes, pits, culverts etc. Human landing collection was component to the massive global and national vector-borne limited to daytime (forenoon to afternoon) and inside the forest disease control programmes in 19th and 20th centuries, these in close proximity to human habitations (Figs. 2). hard-earned success stories also became its cause of failure to flourish, pushing thereby the entire medico-entomological science to take the backseat in terms of both the quantum of long-term research projects undertaken and financed. One of the exceptions in having stood the test of time has been the Centre for Research in Medical Entomology or the CRME which continued its taxonomic explorations in the hotspot biodiversities across the country, thereby continuously enriching its museum of mosquitoes to an appreciable number of 242 species (including seven new species, viz., (Anopheles pseudosundaicus, Rhinoskusea portonovoensis, Tewarius

agastyai, Te. reubenae, Verrallina assamensis, Toxorhynchites tyagii and Tx. darjeelingensis), belonging to 39 genera and 34 Fig 2: Man-biting collection of adult mosquitoes for purpose of subgenera, represented by a total of 1,09,166 fully vouchered studying their orientation for blood meal. specimens exhibiting relevant distributional details. Presently, ‘The CRME Museum of Mosquitoes’ has become a reference In these environs people frequently go to collect faggots and centre for research and training, and serious students from not food materials. Adults were collected using conventional mouth only different parts of India but those from overseas also aspirator and flash torches. The wild caught adult mosquitoes regularly enrol to take lessons. were brought to the field laboratory and identified at species level; mounted with minuten pin, along with field ecology data, Material and Methods and preserved. Additional specimens were preserved in pill Extensive surveys on mosquito fauna were carried out in vials treated with dichlorobenzene. various different ecosystems in the country such as hill ranges of the Western and the Eastern Ghats, mangrove forests in (ii) Immature collection southern peninsular region, West Bengal and Assam in Major emphasis was given on larval and pupal collection in northeastern Himalayan region, and the Andaman & Nicobar rivers, streams, paddy fields, ponds, pools etc., and using Islands in the Indian ocean, during August 1985 to December standard dippers (Fig. 3). 2014 (Fig. 1).

Fig 3: Variety of breeding habitats for the mosquitoes in natural ecosystems. Fig 1: Prominent ecosystems rich in mosquito fauna surveyed in different parts of India. Samples were transferred to plastic containers (half litre to 1 litre capacity) using small sieves and pipettes. Extensive (i) Adult collection surveys were made to search material in tree holes (ground level Adult collections comprised resting collection during daytime to 50 ft), bamboo stumps, leaf axils, crab holes, log holes etc., inside the forest and indoor human habitations. The resting using pipettes. In case of deep tree holes accumulating large ~ 59 ~ International Journal of Mosquito Research

amount of water, a simple collecting device was developed out (iii) Transportation, identification, and preservation of the commercially available kerosene pump and plastic tube, Pinned specimens of adults were transported either in and employed to siphon out water along with larvae and pupae. tubes/insect boxes or in pill vials from field laboratory to central The collected water was filtered through a sieve, and the laboratory at the CRME, Madurai. Special attention was paid to immature stages were retained and later transferred to the individual rearing of immature. Larvae were reared respective containers. In some cases where tree holes bore individually habitat- wise. They were then transported to the potential for breeding of mosquitoes, they were thoroughly laboratory to have the associated larval and pupal exuvium. scrubbed and the soil with water from the hole was transferred During transit period the adults and larvae were kept in locally to the waiting plastic bags. designed tarpaulin bags to keep them viable at optimal temperature (Fig. 4).

Fig 4: Identifying field-collected immature stages and adults of mosquito and preserving specimens in cabinets.

Larval samples brought from the field were usually maintained Adults were identified, counted, and mounted on minuten pins, in their respective habitat water and reared until adult additional specimens were preserved in dichlorobenzene treated emergence was completed. Larval food made up of two parts of pill vials (Fig. 5). Identification of species was done following, dog biscuit powder and one part of yeast powder was provided in principle, the keys of Christophers (1933) [8], Barraud (1934) during rearing of larvae. The containers were observed daily [3], Bram (1967) [5], Puri (1953, 1954) [47, 48], Reuben et al., and pupae were separated into an emergence tube to obtain (1994) [65], Harrison & Scanlon (1975) [23], Huang (1972, 1979) adults. The associated larval and pupal exuviae were mounted [26, 28], Reinert (1974) [58], Sirivanakarn (1976) [50], and Tanaka for species confirmation. Slide mounts of sssswhole larvae, as et al., (1979) [73], Reinert (2004) [60], Mattingly (1971) [39], well as larval and pupal exuviae were made in Hoyer’s medium. Harbach (2004) [22] and Tyagi et al. (2013, 2014) [85].

Fig 5: Display of identification keys for mosquitoes’ systematic disposition of a large number of collections.

An ‘A’ card system was developed. Here a reference card Taxonomic Discussion having all details on an individual specimen, both habitat-wise The 19th century witnessed a sudden spurt in researches related and species-wise, recorded date of collection, area of collection, with the mosquito-borne infections, and mosquito taxonomy habitat, altitude, and quantum of other associated species took the centre stage in view of Ross’s inability to identify the collected. mosquito he pinned down for his Nobel Prize winning discovery About 1200 site-collections were made in different habitats and of “mosquito-malaria connection”, albeit documented au fait of seasons over a period of about three decades (1985-2014), and “Culex pipiens-lymphatic filariasis” and “Aedes aegypti-yellow identifications were made on the basis of associated larval, fever” connections from the late 1980s. Theobald (1910) [82], an pupal, and adult material, in many cases confirmed by the all-time great culicidologist, erected the mosquito family Walter Reed Biosystematics Unit, Smithsonian Institution, Culicidae under the insect order Diptera, and laid foundation for Washington DC and British Museum (Natural History), a systematic classification of mosquitoes of the world. This London. Overall we examined 1,09,166 specimens and recorded classification was subsequently amended by Edwards (1932) 242 species belonging to 39 genera and 34 subgenera. [14]. While preparing “World catalogue of mosquitoes”, Stone et al., (1959) [71] and Knight & Stone (1977) [33] recognized Edward’s classification and made a slight alteration after ~ 60 ~ International Journal of Mosquito Research

including three subfamilies, viz., Anophelinae, Culicinae Culicidae, shown in Table 1. The recent updates on world (subdivided into 10 Tribes) and Toxorhychitinae under family mosquitoes by Ralph E Harbach (up to 2014), a total of 3543 Culicidae. Recently, Harbach and Kitching (1998)94 reviewed species belonging to 112 genera and 142 subgenera, are shown phylogeny and classification of mosquitoes, and generally in Table 2. accepted Edwards (1932) [14] classificatory system for

Table 1: Higher-level classification of the family Culicidae (Harbach and Kitching, 1998)94

Subfamily Tribe Genus Anopheles Meigen Anophelinae Anophelini Bironella Theobald Chagasia Cruz Aedeomyiini Aedeomyia Theobald Aedes Meigen Armigeres Theobald Eremapodites Theobald Haemagogus Williston Aedini Heizmannia Ludlow Opifex Hutton Psorophora Robineau-Desvoidy Udaya Thurman Zeugnomyia Leicester Culex Linnaeus Culicini Deinocerites Theobald Galindomyia Stone & Barreto Culisetini Culiseta Felt Ficalbia Theobald Ficalbiini Mimomyia Theobald Hodgesiini Hodgesia Theobald Culicinae Coquillettidia Dyar Mansoniini Mansonia Blanchard Orthopodomyiini Orthopodomyia Theobald Isostomyia Coquillett Johnbelkinia Zavortink Limatus Theobald Malaya Leicester Maorigoeldia Edwards Phoniomyia Theobald Sabethini Runchomyia Theobald Sabethes Robineau-Desvoidy Shannoniana Lane & Cerqueira Topomyia Leicester Trichoprosopon Theobald Tripteroides Giles Wyeomyia Theobald Uranotaeniini Uranotaenia Lynch Arribalzaga Toxorhynchitinae Toxorhynchites Theobald

Table 2: The recent updates on world mosquitoes (Including the phylogeny and reclassification of Tribe Aedini, based on morphological characters)

Subfamily Tribes Genera Subgenera No. of species Anopheles 182 Baimaia 1 Cellia 224 Anopheles Kerteszia 12 Lophopodomyia 6 Nyssorhynchus 39 Stethomyia 5

Anophelinae Bironella 2 Bironella Brugella 3 Neobironella 3 Chagasia 5 Aedeomyia 6 Aedeomyiini Aedeomyia Lepiothauma 1

Aedes' sensu auctorum 4 Ochlerotatus' sensu auctorum 69 Abraedes 1 Acartomyia 3

Culicinae

Aedini Aedes 12 Aedimorphus 67 Alanstonea 2 ~ 61 ~ International Journal of Mosquito Research

Albuginosus 9 Armigeres 40 Armigeres Leicesteria 18 Ayurakitia 2 Aztecaedes 1 Belkinius 1 Bifidistylus 2 Borichinda 1 Bothaella 6 Bruceharrisonius 8 Cancraedes 10 Catageiomyia 28 Catatassomyia 1 Christophersiomyia 5 Alloeomyia 3 Collessius Collessius 6 Cornetius 1 Dahliana 3 Danielsia 3 Dendroskusea 5 Diceromyia 14 Dobrotworskyius 7 Downsiomyia 30 Edwardsaedes 3 Elpeytonius 2 Eretmapodites 48 Finlaya 36 Fredwardsius 1 Georgecraigius 2 Georgecraigius Horsfallius 1 Geoskusea 10 Gilesius 2 Gymnometopa 1 Conopostegus 4 Haemagogus Haemagogus 24 Halaedes 3 Heizmannia 32 Heizmannia Mattinglyia 6 Himalaius 2 Hopkinsius 5 Hopkinsius Yamada 2 Howardina 34 Huaedes 3 Hulecoeteomyia 13 Indusius 1 Isoaedes 1 Jarnellius 5 Jihlienius 3 Kenknightia 12 Kompia 1 Leptosomatomyia 1 Levua 1 Lewnielsenius 1 Lorrainea 5 Luius 1 Chaetocruiomyia 8 Macleaya Macleaya 3 Molpemyia 3 Mucidus 11 Mucidus Pardomyia 3 Neomelaniconion 28 Nyctomyia 2 Buvirilia 1 Chrysoconops 5 Culicada 1 Culicelsa 4 Ochlerotatus Empihals 1 Gilesia 3 Juppius 3 Lepidokeneon 3 Ochlerotatus 23

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Pholeomyia 4 Protoculex 10 Pseudoskusea 4 Rusticoidus 9 Woodius 2 Subgenus uncertain 124 Nothoskusea 1 Opifex Opifex 1 Paraedes 8 Patmarksia 13 Aglaonotus 1 Petermattinglyius Petermattinglyius 4 Phagomyia 16 Polyleptiomyia 2 Pseudarmigeres 5 Grabhamia 15 Psorophora Janthinosoma 23 Psorophora 10 Rampamyia 3 Rhinoskusea 4 Sallumia 2 Scutomyia 9 Skusea 4 Actinothrix 4 Bohartius 5 Heteraspidion 2 Huangmyia 3 Stegomyia Mukwaya 10 Stegomyia 3 Xyele 1 Zoromorphus 1 Subgenus uncertain 99 Tanakaius 2 Tewarius 4 Udaya 3 Vansomerenis 3 Harbachius 13 Verrallina Neomacleaya 52 Verrallina 30 Zavortinkius 11 Zeugnomyia 4 Acalleomyia 1 Acallyntrum 8 Aedinus 4 Afroculex 1 Allimanta 1 Anoedioporpa 12 Barraudius 4 Belkinomyia 1 Carrollia 18 Culex 199 Culiciomyia 55 Eumelanomyia 77 Kitzmilleria 1 Culex Lasiosiphon 1 Lophoceraomyia 112 Culicini Maillotia 9 Melanoconion 160 Micraedes 8 Microculex 33 Neoculex 26 Nicaromyia 1 Oculeomyia 19 Phenacomyia 3 Phytotelmatomyia 4 Sirivanakarnius 1 Tinolestes 3 Subgenus uncertain 7 Deinocerites 18 Galindomyia 1 Lutzia Insulalutzia 1

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Lutzia 2 Metalutzia 5 Allotheobaldia 1 Austrotheobaldia 1 Climacura 5 Culicella 14 Culisetini Culiseta Culiseta 12 Neotheobaldia 2 Theomyia 1 Subgenus uncertain 1 Ficalbia 8 Etorleptiomyia 7 Ficalbiini Mimomyia Ingramia 21 Mimomyia 17 Hodgesiini Hodgesia 11 Austromansonia 1 Coquillettidia Coquillettidia 43 Mansoniini Rhynchotaenia 13 Mansonia 15 Mansonia Mansonioides 10 Orthopodomyiin Orthopodomyia 36 Isostomyia 4 Johnbelkinia 3 Kimia 5 Limatus 8 Malaya 12 Maorigoeldia 1 Onirion 7 Ctenogoeldia 2 Runchomyia Runchomyia 5 Davismyia 1 Peytonulus 12 Sabethes Sabethes 18 Sabethinus 4 Sabethoides 4 Shannoniana 3 Miyagiella 1 Topomyia Suaymyia 22 Topomyia 42 Trichoprosopon 13 Polylepidomyia 19 Rachionotomyia 14 Sabethini Tripteroides Rachisoura 28 Tricholeptomyia 9 Tripteroides 52 Antunesmyia 3 Caenomyiella 1 Cruzmyia 4 Decamyia 3 Dendromyia 6 Dodecamyia 1 Exallomyia 3 Hystatomyia 9 Menolepis 1 Wyeomyia Miamyia 7 Nunezia 3 Phoniomyia 22 Prosopolepis 1 Spilonympha 7 Triamyia 2 Wyeomyia 35 Zinzala 2 Subgenus uncertain 30 Afrorhynchus 19 Ankylorhynchus 4 Toxorhynchitini Toxorhynchites Lynchiella 16 Toxorhynchites 50 Pseudoficalbia 146 Uranotaeniini Uranotaenia Uranotaenia 121 2 11 112 142 3543

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In this Catalogue, we have attempted to incorporate the generic niveus] was made as a vector of sub-periodic bancroftian and subgeneric changes by analyzing species housed in the filariasis in Andaman and Nicobar Islands (Tewari et al., CRME Mosquito Museum, which represents >60% of 1995c) [79]. collection of Indian fauna. Representatives (voucher  Aedes (Stegomyia) albopictus has been incriminated in specimens) of all the Indian genera are preserved in CRME nature in Kerala with dengue virus-2, for the first time in Mosquito Museum. Distribution of mosquito species, both the absence of the principal vector Aedes aegypti, alluding global and Indian, under different subfamilies, tribes, and towards the former acting as a major vector there (Tyagi et genera wise, shown in Table 3. A systematic checklist of the al., 2006) [84]. species with generic and subgeneric status is shown in Table 4.  A field-Based handbook of identification keys to Since several taxa have been placed under new nomenclature, mosquitoes of public health importance in India. descriptive annotations have been provided to support our Taxonomy & Biodiversity Cell, Centre for Research in understanding and reasoning behind such an exercise presented Medical Entomology Madurai Pp 1-55 (Tyagi et al., 2012) under ‘Taxonomic Notes’. A brief account is also presented [88]. under ‘Mosquitoes of Medical Importance’ on the mosquito  A field-Based handbook of identification keys to the 4th species having roles in disease transmission. The detailed instar larvae of mosquitoes of public health importance in collection of individual species is shown in Appendix I and India. Taxonomy & Biodiversity Cell, Centre for Research species’ habitat-wise preference is illustrated in Appendix II. In in Medical Entomology Madurai Pp 1-45 (Tyagi et al., the process of reviewing individual species it was found that 2014) [85]. several Indian mosquito species, especially culicines, have extended their distribution. Salient findings with the new- (ii) New species described country records are listed in Appendix III. The mosquitoes in Six new mosquito species were described and several hitherto CRME museum at a glance are illustrated in Appendix IV. undescribed larval and adult stages of mosquito species were reported: (i) Salient findings 1. Rhinoskusea portonovoensis Tewari & Hiriyan, 1992 Extensive surveys ware carried out for the first time on 2. Tewarius agastyai, Tewari & Hiriyan, 1992 mosquito biodiversity in the Western Ghats, West Bengal, 3. Tewarius reubenae Tewari & Hiriyan, 1992 Assam and Andaman and Nicobar Islands areas with a view to 4. Verrallina (Neomacleaya) assamensis, Bhattacharya et al., discover new species and new records from India, since the 2004 early years of the 20th Century. Many new or improvised 5. Anopheles (Cellia) pseudosundaicus Tyagi et al., 2009 [95] processes and methods were developed: 6. Toxorhynchites (Toxorhynchites) tyagii Krishnamoorthy et  A simple identification key with illustrations to identify the al., 2013 [91] vectors of JE has been developed. (Reuben et al., 1994) [65]. (iii) Hitherto undescribed stages of mosquito fauna:  Incrimination of Downsiomyia nivea [= Aedes (Finlaya)

Appendix I: Species with all/partial stages described

Sl. Name of the species Male Female Larva Pupa No. 1 An.(Cel.) pseudosundaicus (new species) ● ● ● ● 2 Rh. portonovoensis (new species) ● ● ● ● 3 Te. agastyai (new species) ● ● ● ● 4 Te. reubenae (new species) ● ● ● ● 5 Ve. (Nma.) assamensis (new species) ● ● ● ● 6 Tx.(Tox.) tyagii (new species) ● ● ● ● 7 Do. nivea ● ● ● ● 8 Pr. barraudi ● ● ● 9 Pr. menoni ● ● ● 10 Hz. (Mat.) discrepans ● ● ● 11 Ds. kanarensis ● ● ● 12 Ve. (Nma.) agrestis ● ● ● 13 Am. nigrostriatus ● ● 14 Ar. (Arm.) joloensis ● 15 An. (Ano.) sintoni ●

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Appendix- II(a): Collection details of individual species (Subfamily Anophelinae)

Sl. No. Preserved and kept in pill Species (Total no. of specimen) Date of collection Area Altitude (m) Habitat No. Collected vials Subfamily Anophelinae Genus Anopheles Agasthyar hills-Western Ghats(TN) Dusk collection 1 Anaimalai hills-Western Ghats(TN) Elephant foot print 1 Bodi hills-Western Ghats(TN) Mud pool 6 Coorg-Western Ghats(Karnataka) Outdoor resting 3 Coimbatore foot hills Paddy field 8 Anopheles (Anopheles) aitkenii Kolli hills-Eastern Ghats(TN) Rocky pool 58 1 Aug1985-Nov 2014 300-2050 (1450) Malapuram-Western Ghats(Kerala) Sandy pool 16 Nilgiri hills-Western Ghats(TN) Spring pool 130 Palani hills-Western Ghats(TN) Spring slow flowing 129 Sholayar-Western Ghats(Kerala) Stream slow flowing 1093 Silent valley-Western Ghats(Kerala) Tree hole 94 Varusanadu hills-Western Ghats(TN) 1539 Alagarkoil hills-Eastern Ghats(TN) Borrow pit 2 Anaimalai hills-Western Ghats(TN) Brackish water 20 Andipatti hills-Western Ghats(TN) Cattle biting 11 Bodi hills-Western Ghats(TN) Cement tank 7 Boko area (Assam) Dusk collection 56 Andaman&Nicobar islands Elephant foot print 6 Coorg-Western Ghats(Karnataka) Human landing 2 Coimbatore foot hills Mud pool 71 Dharmapuri(TN) Outdoor resting 1 Jalpaiguri distric (West Bengal)-WB Paddy field 48 Darjeeling district-WB Pond 12 Dakshin Dinajpur -WB Rain water pool 32 2 Anopheles (Anopheles) barbirostris Aug1985-Sep1990 & 2008- Nov 2014 Cooch Behar -WB Sea level-1250 Rocky pool 38 Kolli hills-Eastern Ghats(TN) Spring slow flowing 35 Malapuram-Western Ghats(Kerala) Sandy pool 37 Nilgiri hills-Western Ghats(TN) Check dam 8 Palani hills-Western Ghats(TN) Spring pool 78 Sholayar-Western Ghats(Kerala) Stagnant water 64 Satyamangalam forest Stream pool 15 Srivilliputhur-Western Ghats (TN) Stream slow flowing 452 Silent valley-Western Ghats(Kerala) Follow field 3 998 Theni hills - Western Ghats (TN) Upper Assam Varusanadu hills-Western Ghats(TN) Wynad-Western Ghats(Kerala) Nilgiri hills-Western Ghats(TN) Cattle biting 9 Palani hills-Western Ghats(TN) Mud pool 3 Varusanadu hills-Western Ghats(TN) Rocky pool 3 3 Anopheles (Anopheles) barbumbrosus Oct1985-Sep1990 & Jun2010- Apr 2013 300-1200 Sandy pool 12 Spring pool 47 Stream slow flowing 75 149 4 Anopheles (Anopheles) bengalensis Oct-Dec1991 Boko area (Assam) 300-650 Spring pool 4

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Upper Assam Stream pool 4 Stream slow flowing 1 9 Coorg-Western Ghats(Karnataka) Irrigation channel 3 Nilgiri hills-Western Ghats(TN) Mud pool 2 5 Anopheles (Anopheles) crawfordi Apr1986-Sep1990 Upper Assam 300-1100 Paddy field 7 Wynad-Western Ghats(Kerala) Pond 2 Stream slow flowing 1 15 6 Anopheles (Anopheles) culiciformis May1988 Sholayar-Western Ghats(Kerala) 650-900 Tree hole 2 2 Anaimalai hills-Western Ghats(TN) Bore well 1 Andipatti hills-Western Ghats(TN) Borrow pit 4 Nilgiri hills-Western Ghats(TN) Iron tank 59 Palani hills-Western Ghats(TN) Lake 9 7 Anopheles (Anopheles) gigas Sep1985-May1986 - Nov 2014 800-2050 Mud pool 15 Pond 32 Rocky pool 11 Spring pool 21 Stream slow flowing 12 164 8 Anopheles (Anopheles) hodgekini Oct-Dec1991 Upper Assam 300-650 Stream slow flowing 1 1 Anaimalai hills-Western Ghats(TN) Mud pool 2 Andaman&Nicobar islands Spring pool 59 Nilgiri hills-Western Ghats(TN) Stream slow flowing 224 Sea level - 9 Anopheles (Anopheles) insulaeflorum Apr1986-Sep1993 & Jun2010- Apr 2013 Palani hills-Western Ghats(TN) Tree hole 3 1300 Sholayar-Western Ghats(Kerala) Paddy field 2 290 Silent valley-Western Ghats(Kerala) Wynad-Western Ghats(Kerala) Nilgiri hills-Western Ghats(TN) Plastic drum 2 10 Anopheles (Anopheles) interruptus May1987- Jan1988 750-1100 Wynad-Western Ghats(Kerala) Tree hole 28 30 11 Anopheles (Anopheles) lesteri Oct-Dec1991 Upper Assam 300-650 Pond 1 1 Coorg-Western Ghats(Karnataka) Dusk collection 19 Dharmapuri(TN) Mud pool 2 Kolli hills-Eastern Ghats(TN) Paddy field 4 Nilgiri hills-Western Ghats(TN) Stream slow flowing 3 12 Anopheles (Anopheles) nigerrimus Mar1986-Nov1990 400-1300 Sholayar-Western Ghats(Kerala) Elephant foot print 5 33 Silent valley-Western Ghats(Kerala) Srivilliputhur-Western Ghats (TN) Wynad-Western Ghats(Kerala) Anaimalai hills-Western Ghats(TN) Bore well 25 Nilgiri hills-Western Ghats(TN) Cement tank 12 Palani hills-Western Ghats(TN) Lake 4 13 Anopheles (Anopheles) nilgiricus Dec1985-Feb1986 & Jun2010- Apr 2013 750-2050 Mud pool 12 Rocky pool 32 Spring pool 35 Stream slow flowing 62 182 Boko area (Assam) Casuarina pit 1 Coorg-Western Ghats(Karnataka) Cattle biting 31 Dharmapuri(TN) Dusk collection 55 14 Anopheles (Anopheles) peditaeniatus Oct1985-Dec1991 & Jun2010- Apr 2013 Kolli hills-Eastern Ghats(TN) Sea level -1700 Irrigation channel 35 Nilgiri hills-Western Ghats(TN) Light trap 4 Palani hills-Western Ghats(TN) Mud pool 35 Pitchavaram-Mangrove (TN) Outdoor resting 1

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Silent valley-Western Ghats(Kerala) Paddy field 270 Upper Assam Pond 10 Varusanadu hills-Western Ghats(TN) Rain water pool 26 Anaimalai hills-Western Ghats(TN) Rocky pool 6 Jalpaiguri distric (West Bengal)-WB Sandy pool 7 Cooch Behar -WB Spring pool 10 Darjeeling district-WB Spring slow flowing 53 544 Dakshin Dinajpur -WB Agasthyar hills-Western Ghats(TN) Outdoor resting 1 Coorg-Western Ghats(Karnataka) Pond 2 15 Anopheles (Anopheles) sintoni Nov1986-Oct1988 & Jun2010- Apr 2013 450-1100 Tirunelveli hill - Western Ghats (TN) Tree hole 149 Wynad-Western Ghats(Kerala) 152 Boko area (Assam) Cattle shed resting 1 Coorg-Western Ghats(Karnataka) Dusk collection 1 16 Anopheles (Cellia) aconitus Feb1986-Dec1991 Nilgiri hills-Western Ghats(TN) 300-1200 Mud pool 1 Upper Assam Paddy field 2 Stream slow flowing 17 22 Andaman&Nicobar islands Borrow pit 2 Boko area (Assam) Cattle biting 1 Coorg-Western Ghats(Karnataka) Cattle shed resting 1 Dharmapuri(TN) Irrigation channel 11 17 Anopheles (Cellia) annularis Mar1986-Sep1993 Kolli hills-Eastern Ghats(TN) Sea level -1200 Mud pool 3 Nilgiri hills-Western Ghats(TN) Paddy field 9 Sholayar-Western Ghats(Kerala) Pond 24 Upper Assam Rocky pool 1 Stream slow flowing 16 68 Boko area (Assam) Rain water pool 3 18 Anopheles (Cellia) baimaii Oct-Dec1991 Upper Assam 300-650 Elephant foot print 5 Spring pool 6 14 Agasthyar hills-Western Ghats(TN) Casuarina pit 3 Bodi hills-Western Ghats(TN) Cattle biting 3 Coorg-Western Ghats(Karnataka) Cattle shed resting 44 Coimbatore foot hills Dawn collection 29 Dharmapuri(TN) Dusk collection 3 Kolli hills-Eastern Ghats(TN) Fallen tree 99 Nilgiri hills-Western Ghats(TN) River slow flowing 14 Satyamangalam forest Sea level - Irrigation channel 9 19 Anopheles (Cellia) culicifacies Aug1985-Sep1990 & Jun2010- Apr 2013 Srivilliputhur-Western Ghats (TN) 1200 Light trap 2 Pitchavaram-Mangove (TN) Outdoor resting 1 Tirunelveli Forest (TN) Paddy field 21 Varusanadu hills-Western Ghats(TN) Rocky pool 157 Wynad-Western Ghats(Kerala) Sandy pool 119 Spring pool 209 Spring slow flowing 280 Stream slow flowing 1051 2044 Nilgiri hills-Western Ghats(TN) Stream slow flowing 22 22 20 Anopheles (Cellia) dravidicus Dec1985-Mar1990 550-1200 Palani hills-Western Ghats(TN) Agasthyar hills-Western Ghats(TN) Elephant foot print 74 21 Anopheles (Cellia) elegans Feb 1986-Sep1990 & Jun2010- Apr 2013 Coorg-Western Ghats(Karnataka) 300-1200 Mud pool 4 Coimbatore foot hills Rain water pool 21

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Nilgiri hills-Western Ghats(TN) Spring pool 51 Tirunelveli forest-Wester Ghats (TN) Stream slow flowing 6 Theni hills - Western Ghats (TN) Rocky pool 6 Wynad-Western Ghats(Kerala) Cement tank 3 Check dam 1 Tree hole 35 201 Anaimalai hills-Western Ghats(TN) Borrow pit 1 Bodi hills-Western Ghats(TN) Cattle resting 3 Coorg-Western Ghats(Karnataka) Dawn collection 1 Coimbatore foot hills Paddy field 4 22 Anopheles (Cellia) fluviatilis.s.l. Aug1985-Nov1990 & Jun2010- Apr 2013 Dharmapuri(TN) 400-1200 Rocky pool 2 Kolli hills-Eastern Ghats(TN) Mud pool 1 Nilgiri hills-Western Ghats(TN) Spring slow flowing 10 Varusanadu hills-Western Ghats(TN) Stream slow flowing 113 135 Wynad-Western Ghats(Kerala) Agasthyar hills-Western Ghats(TN) Borrow pit 8 Andaman & Nicobar islands Cattle biting 28 Andipatti hills-Western Ghats(TN) Dusk collection 3 Boko area (Assam) Lake 8 Coorg-Western Ghats(Karnataka) Mud pool 10 Sea level - 23 Anopheles (Cellia) jamesii Sep1985-Sep1993 & Jun2010- Apr 2013 Dharmapuri(TN) Outdoor Resting 7 1350 Malapuram-Western Ghats(Kerala) Paddy field 317 Nilgiri hills-Western Ghats(TN) Pond 2 Sholayar-Western Ghats(Kerala) Spring pool 57 Anaimalai hills-Western Ghats(TN) Spring slow flowing 8 Stream slow flowing 35 483 Boko area (Assam) Cattle biting 64 Coorg-Western Ghats(Karnataka) Cattle shed resting 88 Coimbatore foot hills Dusk collection 14 Kolli hills-Eastern Ghats(TN) Elephant foot print 2 Malapuram-Western Ghats(Kerala) Irrigation channel 5 Nilgiri hills-Western Ghats(TN) Mud pool 37 Palani hills-Western Ghats(TN) Paddy field 308 Silent valley-Western Ghats(Kerala) Pond 24 24 Anopheles (Cellia) jeyporiensis Dec1985-Dec1991 & Jun2010- Apr 2013 300-1350 Wynad-Western Ghats(Kerala) Rocky pool 135 Satyamangalam forest Sandy pool 6 Srivilliputhur-Western Ghats (TN) Spring pool 72 Spring slow flowing 97 Rain water pool 12 Stream slow flowing 112 Stream pool 1 Tree hole 7 984 Agasthyar hills-Western Ghats(TN) Cattle biting 30 Anaimalai hills-Western Ghats(TN) Dusk collection 1 Boko area (Assam) Irrigation channel 3 Coorg-Western Ghats(Karnataka) Paddy field 15 25 Anopheles (Cellia) karwari Nov1985-Dec1991 & Jun2010- Apr 2013 300-1200 Coimbatore foot hills Pond 1 Dharmapuri(TN) Rocky pool 33 Nagarkoil hill ranes-Western Ghats Stream slow flowing 18 (TN)

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Nilgiri hills-Western Ghats(TN) Stream pool 7 Sholayar-Western Ghats(Kerala) Tree hole Mud 1 109 Silent valley-Western Ghats(Kerala) Tirunelveli Forest (TN) Wynad-Western Ghats(Kerala) Boko area (Assam) Dusk collection 3 Upper Assam Irrigation channel 12 Manure pit 8 Mud pool 35 Outdoor resting 4 Paddy field 34 26 Anopheles (Cellia) kochi Oct-Dec1991 300-650 Pond 26 Rain water pool 8 Sandy pool 8 Spring pool 41 Stream pool 14 Well 3 196 Alagarkoil hills-Eastern Ghats(TN) Cattle biting 2 Anaimalai hills-Western Ghats(TN) Dawn collection 6 Andipatti hills-Western Ghats(TN) Dusk collection 3 Bodi hills-Western Ghats(TN) Elephant foot print 7 Boko area (Assam) Irrigation channel 17 Coorg-Western Ghats(Karnataka) Mud pool 203 Coimbatore foot hills Outdoor Resting 3 Dharmapuri(TN) Paddy field 65 Kolli hills-Eastern Ghats(TN) Plastic drum 2 Malapuram-Western Ghats(Kerala) Pond 7 Nilgiri hills-Western Ghats(TN) Rain water pool 4 27 Anopheles (Cellia) maculatus Aug1985-Sep1993 & Jun2010- Apr 2013 Sea level -2050 Palani hills-Western Ghats(TN) Rocky pool 242 Andaman & Nicobar islands Sandy pool 66 Sholayar-Western Ghats(Kerala) Spring pool 144 Satyamangalam forest Spring slow flowing 2 Silent valley-Western Ghats(Kerala) Stream pool 45 Srivilliputhur-Western Ghats (TN) Stream slow flowing 1108 Tirunelveli Forest (TN) Tree hole 3 1929 Theni hills - Western Ghats (TN) Upper Assam Varusanadu hills-Western Ghats(TN) Wynad-Western Ghats(Kerala) Coorg-Western Ghats (Karnataka) Borrow pit 2 Nilgiri hills-Western Ghats(TN) Cattle biting 1 Silent valley-Western Ghats(Kerala) Paddy field 8 28 Anopheles (Cellia)majidi Apr-Sep1990 & Jun2010- Apr 2013 500-1300 Coimbatore foot hills Rocky pool 9 Spring pool 71 Stream slow flowing 88 179 29 Anopheles (Cellia)minimus Oct-Dec1991 Boko area (Assam) 300-400 Irrigation channel 4 4 Agasthyar hills-Western Ghats(TN) Bamboo stump 5 Andipatti hills-Western Ghats(TN) Crab hole 7 30 Anopheles (Cellia) mirans Aug1985-Mar1990 & Jun2010- Apr 2013 350-1200 Bodi hills-Western Ghats(TN) Elephant foot print 38 Anaimalai hills-Western Ghats(TN) Log Hole 9

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Coorg-Western Ghats(Karnataka) Mud pool 32 Coimbatore foot hills Rain water pool 6 Kolli hills-Eastern Ghats(TN) Rocky pool 194 Nilgiri hills-Western Ghats(TN) Sandy pool 14 Nagarkoil hill ranes-Western Ghats Spring pool 25 (TN) Palani hills-Western Ghats(TN) Spring slow flowing 40 Sholayar-Western Ghats(Kerala) Stagnant water 76 Silent valley-Western Ghats(Kerala) Cement tank 18 Srivilliputhur-Western Ghats (TN) Stream slow flowing 398 Tirunelveli Forest (TN) Tree hole 63 Varusanadu hills-Western Ghats(TN) Well 1 926 Wynad-Western Ghats(Kerala) Bodi hills-Western Ghats(TN) Cattle biting 11 Coimbatore foot hills Dusk collection 2 Nilgiri hills-Western Ghats(TN) Paddy field 1 31 Anopheles (Cellia) moghulensis Aug1985-Mar1990 & Jun2010- Apr 2013 Palani hills-Western Ghats(TN) 350-1500 Rocky pool 41 Satyamangalam forest Stream slow flowing 121 176 Varusanadu hills-Western Ghats(TN) Wynad-Western Ghats(Kerala) Andaman & Nicobar islands Dusk collection 4 Boko area (Assam) Paddy field 17 32 Anopheles (Cellia)nivipes Oct1991-Sep1993 Upper Assam Sea level -650 Pond 4 Spring pool 43 Stream pool 6 74 Boko area (Assam) Borrow pit 1 Coorg--Western Ghats (Karnataka) Cattle biting 8 Dharmapuri(TN) Dusk collection 100 Nilgiri hills-Western Ghats(TN) Irrigation chennal 3 Jalpaiguri distric (West Bengal)-WB Light trap 5 33 Anopheles (Cellia)pallidus Oct1988-Dec1991 300-1350 Cooch Behar -WB Mud pool 1 Darjeeling district-WB Paddy field 37 Pond 1 Sandy pool 1 Stream slow flowing 8 165 34 Anopheles (Cellia)philippinensis Oct-Dec-1991 Boko area (Assam) 300-400 Pond 3 3 35 Anopheles (Cellia) pseudosundaicus Jan 2005 Kollam- Kerala state Sea level Brackish water pool 110 110 Coimbatore foot hills Elephant foot print 4 Upper Assam Stream slow flowing 2 36 Anopheles (Cellia) pseudowillmorei Oct-Dec1991 & Jun 2010- Apr 2013 300-650 Spring slow flowing 2 Mud pool 13 21 Andipatti hills-Western Ghats(TN) Cattle biting 14 Coorg-Western Ghats (Karnataka) Cattle shed resting 49 Kolli hills-Eastern Ghats(TN) Crab hole resting 1 Nilgiri hills-Western Ghats(TN) Dusk collection 9 37 Anopheles (Cellia) splendidus Sep1985-Sep1990 & Jun2010- Apr 2013 Silent valley-Western Ghats(Kerala) 500-1350 Mud pool 23 Wynad-Western Ghats(Kerala) Outdoor resting 3 Anaimalai hills-Western Ghats(TN) Paddy field 128 Rocky pool 47 Spring pool 19

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Spring slow flowing 6 Stream pool 1 Stream slow flowing 114 414 Coimbatore foot hills Sintex tank 12 38 Anopheles (Cellia) stephensi Jun1990 & Jun2010- Apr 2013 Madurai (TN) 100-350 Overhead tank 252 Jalpaiguri distric (West Bengal)-WB Dusk collection 1 265 Agasthyar hills-Western Ghats (TN) Casuarina pit 282 Andipatti hills-Western Ghats(TN) Cattle biting 112 Bodi hills-Western Ghats(TN) Cattle shed resting 45 Coorg-Western Ghats (Karnataka) Dawn collection 95 Coimbatore foot hills Dusk collection 174 Dharmapuri(TN) Indoor resting 5 Kolli hills-Eastern Ghats(TN) Lake 12 Nilgiri hills-Western Ghats(TN) Light trap 34 39 Anopheles (Cellia) subpictus Aug1985-Nov1990 & Jun2010- Apr 2013 Pitchavaram-Mangove (TN) Sea level -1200 Paddy field 207 Sholayar-Western Ghats(Kerala) Pond 13 Varusanadu hills-Western Ghats(TN) Rain water pool 76 Anaimalai hills-Western Ghats(TN) Rocky pool 160 Wynad-Western Ghats(Kerala) Mud pool 358 Jalpaiguri distric (West Bengal)-WB Spring pool 44 Cooch Behar -WB Spring slow flowing 14 Darjeeling district-WB Stream slow flowing 189 Dakshin Dinajpur -WB Swamp pool 23 1843 40 Anopheles (Cellia) sundaicus Aug-Sep1993 Andaman Nicobar Ilands Sea level Paddy field 10 10 Boko area (Assam) Borrow pit 3 Coorg -Western Ghats (Karnataka) Cattle biting 8 Dharmapuri(TN) Crab hole resting 1 Jalpaiguri distric (West Bengal)-WB Dawn collection 5 Darjeeling district-WB Dusk collection 4 41 Anopheles (Cellia)tessellatus Apr1986-Dec1991 Cooch Behar -WB 300-1200 Mud pool 4 Kolli hills -Eastern Ghats(TN) Paddy field 124 Nilgiri hills -Western Ghats(TN) Spring slow flowing 2 Sholayar -Western Ghats (Kerala) Stream slow flowing 19 170 Tirunelveli Forest (TN) Upper Assam Anaimalai hills-Western Ghats(TN) Spring slow flowing 1 Bodi hills -Western Ghats(TN) Rocky pool 9 Palani hills-Western Ghats(TN) Mud pool 178 42 Anopheles (Cellia)theobaldi Aug1985-Mar1990 & Jun2010- Apr 2013 350-1500 Satyamangalam forest Stream slow flowing 677 Srivilliputhur-Western Ghats (TN) Spring pool 15 Varusanadu hills-Western Ghats(TN) Stream pool 23 903 Andaman & Nicobar islands Brackish water 3 Andipatti hills-Western Ghats(TN) Cattle biting 342 Boko area (Assam) Cattle shed resting 24 Coorg -Western Ghats(Karnataka) Cement tank 7 43 Anopheles (Cellia)vagus Sep1985-Sep1993 & Jun2010- Apr 2013 Dharmapuri(TN) Sea level -1700 Dusk collection 110 Kolli hills-Western Ghats(TN) Indoor resting 3 Nilgiri hills-Western Ghats(TN) Irrigation channel 4 Palani hills-Western Ghats(TN) Lake 10 Pitchavaram-Mangove (TN) Light trap 34

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Satyamangalam forest Pond 32 Srivilliputhur-Western Ghats (TN) Manure pit 5 Varusanadu hills-Western Ghats(TN) Outdoor resting 3 Upper Assam Paddy field 111 Wynad -Western Ghats(Kerala) Rocky pool 82 Jalpaiguri distric (West Bengal)-WB Sandy pool 101 Cooch Behar -WB Spring pool 99 Darjeeling district-WB Spring slow flowing 18 Stream pool 125 Stream slow flowing 291 Swamp pool 1 1405 Anaimalai hills-Western Ghats(TN) Cattle biting 10 Bodi hills-Western Ghats(TN) Cement tank 23 Dharmapuri(TN) Dawn collection 7 Kolli hills-Eastern Ghats(TN) Irrigation channel 6 Malapuram-Western Ghats (Kerala) Mud pool 2 Nilgiri hills-Western Ghats(TN) River slow flowing 8 Coimbatore foot hills Rocky pool 6 44 Anopheles (Cellia) varuna Aug1985-Dec1991 & Jun2010- Apr 2013 Palani hills-Western Ghats(TN) 300-1500 Sandy pool 6 Sholayar-Western Ghats(Kerala) Spring pool 6 Satyamangalam forest Spring slow flowing 1 Srivilliputhur-Western Ghats (TN) Stream slow flowing 292 Tirunelveli Forest (TN) Steam pool 1 368 Upper Assam Varusanadu hills-Western Ghats(TN) Wynad-Western Ghats(Kerala) Anaimalai hills-Western Ghats(TN) Rain water pool 2 Check dam 1 45 Anopheles (Cellia) willmori Oct1989 & Jun2010- Apr 2013 1050-1200 Coimbatore foot hills Elephant foot print 24 Nilgiri hills Stream slow flowing 22 49 Aug1985-Oct1993 & Jun2010- Apr TOTAL Sea level-2050 17401 17401 2013

Appendix II(b): Collection details of individual species (Sub family Culicinae)

Sl. No. Total no. of Species Date of collection Area Altitude (m) Habitat No. Collected specimens Tribe : Aedeomyiini Genus Aedeomyia Assam Pond 10 1 Aedeomyia (Aedeomyia) catasticta Oct 1988- Nov 1991 150-650 Kundrakudi (TN) Rain water pool 5 15 Tribe: Aedini Genus Aedimorphus Andipatti hills-Western Ghats (TN) Bamboo stump 1 Boko (Assam) Mud pool 1 2 Aedimorphus alboscutellatus Sep 1985-Nov 1991 Nilgiri hills-Western Ghats (TN) 200-1500 Outdoor resting 4 Rainwater pool 2 Stream slow flowing 1 9 Boko (Assam) Crab hole 36 3 Aedimorphus caecus Feb 1986-Nov 1991 & Jun 2010- Apr 2013 200-2300 Coorg -Western Ghats (Karnataka) Bamboo stump 106

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Nilgiri hills-Western Ghats (TN) Log hole 18 Fallen betal leaf 46 Elephant foot print 77 Manure pit 30 Mud pool 158

Outdoor resting 10 Paddy field 34 Rainwater pool 198 Rocky pool 3 Stream slow flowing 7 Tree hole 42 Spring pool 39 804 4 Aedimorphus culicinus Oct 1989 Wynad-Western Ghats (Kerala) 1100 Outdoor resting 1 1 Andaman&Nicobar islands Outdoor resting 26 Satyamangalam forest Stream Slow flowing 7 5 Aedimorphus jamesi May 1986-Oct 1993& Jun 2010- Nov 2014 Sea level-2250 Dharmapuri (TN) Rain water pool 717 Nilgiri hills-Western Ghats (TN) Mud pool 73 823 6 Aedimorphus lowisii Aug-Oct 1993 Andaman&Nicobar islands Sea level Outdoor resting 1 1 7 Aedimorphus nigrostriatus Oct-Nov 1991 Boko (Assam) 200-650 Dusk collection 24 24 8 Aedimorphus pallidostriatus July 2008 & Nov 2013-14 Anaimalai hills-Western Ghats (TN) 600-1200 Rocky pool 2 2 Kolli hills-Eastern Ghat (TN) Cattle biting 13 Nilgiri hills-Western Ghats (TN) Dusk collection 1 9 Aedimorphus pipersalatus Feb1986-Sep1986 & Jun 2010- Nov2014 300-2300 Anaimalai hills-Western Ghats (TN) Rocky pool 4 Outdoor resting 2 20 10 Aedimorphus stenoetrus Oct 2013 & Nov 2014 Palani Hills - Western Ghats (TN) 900-1000 Rain water pool 51 51 Andipatti hills-Western Ghats (TN) Rocky pool 38 11 Aedimorphus syntheticus Sep 1985-May 1987 350-1500 Malapuram-Western Ghats(Kerala) Rainwater pool 14 52 Satyamangalam forest Spring pool 19 Jalpaiguri distric (West Bengal)-WB Dusk collection 19 12 Aedimorphus vexans Nov1990 & Jun 2010- Nov 2014 Darjeeling distric-WB 400-600 Mud pool 14 52 Cooch Behar distric -WB Dharmapuri(TN) Genus Armigeres Coorg-Western Ghats (TN) Betel Net Leaf 189 Coimbatore foot hills Coconut sheel 548 13 Tirunelveli Forest (TN) 500-850 Human landing 1 Armigeres (Armigeres) aureolineatus OCT1988 & Jun 2010- Nov 2014 Rocky pool 6 Tree hole 63 Wild fruit shell 14 821 Boko (Assam) Bamboo stump 350 14 Armigeres (Armigeres) durhami Oct,Nov-1991 200-650 Dusk collection 1 Papaya stump 36 387 Dibrugarh (Assam) Tree hole 4 4 15 Armigeres (Armigeres) joloensis Sept 1998 200 Pirap (Arunachal Pradesh) Andaman&Nicobar islands Sea leval Coconut shell 1 16 Armigeres (Armigeres) kuchingensis Aug-Oct1993 & Oct 2013 Palani Hills - Western Ghats (TN) 1000-1100 Leaf axil 2 3 Agasthyar hills-Western Ghats (TN) Bamboo stump 630 Anaimalai hills-Western Ghats (TN) Banana stump 150 17 Armigeres (Armigeres) subalbatus Sep1985-Oct1993 & Jun 2010- Nov 2014 Sea level-2300 Andaman&Nicobar islands Cattle baiting 46 Andipatti hills-Western Ghats (TN) Coconut sheel 304

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Coimbatore foot hills Discarded container 185 Boko (Assam) Dusk collection 680 Coorg-Western Ghats(Karnataka) Human landing 8 Dharmapuri(TN) Leaf axils 64 Kolli hills-Eastern Ghats(TN) Light trap 4 Malapuram-Western Ghats(Kerala) Grinding stone 9 Munnar-Western Ghats(Kerala) Outdoor resting 28 Nagarkoil hill ranges - Western Ghats (TN) Reed stumps 73 Nilgiri hills-Western Ghats (TN) Metal container 45 Palani Hills - Western Ghats (TN) Mud pool 3 Tirunelveli Forest (TN) Mud pot 70 Theni hills-Western Ghats (TN) Rocky pool 108 Satyamangalam forest Tyre 2 Silent valley-Western Ghats(Kerala) Tree hole 1608 Wynad-Western Ghats(Kerala) Pitcher plant 210 Jalpaiguri distric (West Bengal)-WB Plastic container 122 Darjeeling distric-WB Wild fruit shell 13 Cooch Behar distric -WB Betel Net Leaf 23 Dakshin Dinajpur distric - WB Log hole 21 4406 Boko (Assam) Bamboo stump 39 Coorg-Western Ghats(Karnataka) Outdoor resting 7 46 18 Armigeres (Leicesteria) digitatus Feb1986-Nov1991 & Oct 2013 Malapuram-Western Ghats(Kerala) 200-2300 Nilgiri hills-Western Ghats (TN) Wynad-Western Ghats(Kerala) Anaimalai hills-Western Ghats (TN) Bamboo sheath 56 Boko (Assam) Bamboo stump 1019 Coorg-Western Ghats(Karnataka) Mud pool 12 Munnar-Western Ghats(Kerala) Outdoor resting 5 19 Armigeres (Leicesteria) flavus Feb1986-Nov1991 & Jun 2010- Nov 2014 200-2300 Nilgiri hills-Western Ghats (TN) Reed stump 96 Palani Hills - Western Ghats (TN) Tyre 1 Wynad-Western Ghats(Kerala) Tree hole 19 1208

20 Armigeres (Leicesteria) inchoatus Oct,Nov-1991 Boko (Assam) 200-650 Outdoor resting 1 1 21 Armigeres (Leicesteria) longipalpis Oct,Nov-91 Boko (Assam) 200-650 Bamboo stump 3 3 Malapuram-Western Ghats(Kerala) Bamboo stump 26 Nagarkoil hill ranges - Western Ghats (TN) Leaf axil 3 29 22 Armigeres (Leicesteria) magnus Jan1988 & Jun 2010- Nov 2014 Nilgiri hills-Western Ghats (TN) 350-1100 Palani Hills - Western Ghats (TN) Wynad-Western Ghats(Kerala) Parambikulam-Western Ghats(Kerala) Bamboo stump 76 23 Armigeres (Leicesteria) omissus Jan1988-May1988 600-1100 Wynad-Western Ghats(Kerala) Tree hole 4 80 Genus Bruceharrisonius Agasthyar hills-Western Ghats (TN) Bamboo stump 78 Alagar koil hills-Eastern Ghats (TN) Log hole 6 Bodi hills-Western Ghats (TN) Outdoor resting 1 Oct 1985 - Oct 1989 & July 2008 -Nov Coorg-Western Ghats(Karnataka) Rocky pool 10 24 Bruceharrisonius aureostriatus 300-1600 2014 Malapuram-Western Ghats(Kerala) Tree hole 347 442 Munnar-Western Ghats(Kerala) Nilgiri hills-Western Ghats (TN) Parambikulam-Western Ghats(Kerala)

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Silent valley-Western Ghats(Kerala) Varushanadu hills-Western Ghats(TN) Wynad-Western Ghats(Kerala)

Andaman&Nicobar islands Anaimalai hills-Western Ghats (TN) Tree hole 27 25 Bruceharrisonius greenii Aug-Oct1993 & Jun 2010-Nov-2014 Nagarkoil hill ranges - Western Ghats (TN) Sea level-1050 Log hole 1 28 Nilgiri hills-Western Ghats (TN) Tirunelveli Forest (TN) Genus Cancraedes Sea level 26 Cancraedes cancricomes Aug-Oct1993 Andaman&Nicobar islands Crab hole resting 33 33 27 Cancraedes simplex Aug-Oct1993 Andaman&Nicobar islands Sea level Human landing 53 53 Genus Christophersiomyia Agasthyar hills-Western Ghats (TN) Bamboo stump 1 Anaimalai hills-Western Ghats (TN) Log hole 39 Coimbatore foot hills Rocky pool 48 Alagar koil hills-Eastern Ghat (TN) Tree hole 355 443 Malapuram-Western Ghats(Kerala) Munnar-Western Ghats(Kerala) 28 Christophersiomyia annulirostris May1986-Sep1988& Jun 2010-Apr 2013 Nilgiri hills-Western Ghats (TN) Sea level-2250 Parambikulam-Western Ghats(Kerala) Palani hills-Western Ghats (TN) Pichavaram -Mangrove forest(TN) Tirunelveli Forest (TN) Silent valley-Western Ghats(Kerala) Wynad-Western Ghats(Kerala) 29 Christophersiomyia gombakensis May 1988 Parambikulam-Western Ghats(Kerala) 650-900 Tree hole 1 1 Anamalai hills-Western Ghats (TN) Metal container 1 Nagarkoil hill ranges - Western Ghats (TN) Rocky pool 7 30 Christophersiomyia thomsoni Oct 1985 & Nov 2014 300-500 Srivillipithur-Wewstern Ghats (TN) Tree hole 98 Varushanadu hills-Western Ghats (TN) 106 Genus Collessius Agasthyar hills-Western Ghats (TN) Bamboo stump 22 Anaimalai hills-Western Ghats (TN) Cement tank 203 Andipatti hills-Western Ghats (TN) Check Dam 42 Bodi hills-Western Ghats (TN) Discarded container 21 Dharmapuri(Tamil Nadu) Grinding stone 111 Kolli hills-Eastern Ghats (TN) Log hole 57 Munnar-Western Ghats(Kerala) Lake 2 Nagarkoil hill ranges - Western Ghats (TN) Metal container 47 Nilgiri hills-Western Ghats (TN) Outdoor resting 2 31 Collessius (Alloeomyia) pseudotaeniatus Sep1985-Nov1990& Jun 2010- Nov-2014 300-2300 Palani hills-Western Ghats (TN) Rocky pool 2970 Parambikulam-Western Ghats(Kerala) Sandy pool 3 Satyamangalam forest Plastic roof shelter 129 Srivillipithur-Wewstern Ghats (TN) Tree hole 284 Silent valley-Western Ghats(Kerala) Tyre 72 Tirunelveli Forest (TN) Flower wash 6 Darjeeling distric-WB Mud pot 4 Coimbatore foot hills Spring pool 9 Varushanadu hills-Western Ghats (TN) Stream pool 4

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Wynad-Western Ghats(Kerala) Rain water pool 2 3990 Genus Danielsia Boko (Assam) Bamboo stump 5 Satyamangalam forest Tree hole 24 32 Danielsia albotaeniata Sep1986-Nov1991& Jun 2010- Apr 2013 200-1200 Nagarkoil hill ranges - Western Ghats (TN) Latex Cup 1 30 Nilgiri hills-Western Ghats (TN) Genus Dendroskusea 33 Dendroskusea kanarensis May 1987 Malapuram-Western Ghats(Kerala) 350-1100 Tree hole 6 6 Tree hole 2623 34 Dendroskusea reginae Sep1987-Dec1988 Pitchavaram- Mangrove forest(TN) Sea level Crab hole resting 3 2626 Genus Downsiomyia Anaimalai hills-Western Ghats (TN) Agasthya hills-Western Ghats (TN) Bamboo stump 151 Alagar koil hills-Eastern Ghats (TN) Outdoor resting 18 Bodi hills-Western Ghats (TN) Tree hole 524 Boko (Assam) Rocky pool 3 696 Coimbatore foot hills Malapuram-Western Ghats(Kerala) Munnar-Western Ghats(Kerala) 35 Downsiomyia albolateralis Oct 1985-Nov1991& Jun 2010- Apr 2013 Nagarkoil hill ranges - Western Ghats (TN) 300-2300 Nilgiri hills-Western Ghats (TN) Parambikulam-Western Ghats(Kerala) Srivillipithur-Wewstern Ghats (TN) Silent valley-Western Ghats(Kerala) Tirunelveli Forest (TN) Varushanadu hills-Western Ghats (TN) Wynad-Western Ghats(Kerala) Coimbatore foot hills Bamboo stump 18 Andaman&Nicobar islands Human landing 828 Satyamangalam forest Latex Cup 5 36 Downsiomyia nivea Aug-Oct1993 & Jun 2010-Apr 2013 Sea level-1150 Anaimalai hills-Western Ghats (TN) Tree hole 495 Palani hills-Western Ghats (TN) Root hole 1 1347 Nilgiri hills-Western Ghats (TN) Genus Fredwardsius Agasthyar hills-Western Ghats (TN) Bamboo stump 29 Anaimalai hills-Western Ghats (TN) Cement tank 112 Coimbatore foot hills Grinding stone 28 Andipatti hills-Western Ghats (TN) Elephant foot print 122 Bodi hills-Western Ghats (TN) Iron container 126 Coorg-Western Ghats (Karnataka) Leaf axil 2 Dharmapuri (TN) Light trap 27 37 Malapuram-Western Ghats(Kerala) Human landing 2 Fredwardsius vittatus Aug1985-Nov1990& Jun 2010- Apr 2013 300-2300 Munnar-Western Ghats(Kerala) Plastic container 30 Nagarkoil hill ranges - Western Ghats (TN) Rocky pool 5610 Nilgiri hills-Western Ghats (TN) Rain water pool 75 Palani hills-Western Ghats (TN) Tree hole 503 Parambikulam-Western Ghats(Kerala) Tyre 3 6669 Satyamangalam forest Srivillipithur-Wewstern Ghats (TN) Silent valley-Western Ghats(Kerala)

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Tirunelveli Forest (TN) Varushanadu hills - Western Ghat (TN) Genus Heizmannia Boko (Assam) Bamboo stump 142 Coorg-Western Ghats (Karnataka) Outdoor resting 2 Malapuram-Western Ghats(Kerala) Tree hole 125 38 Munnar-Western Ghats(Kerala) Log hole 8 277 Heizmannia (Heizmannia) chandi May1987-Nov1991 200-1600 Nilgiri hills-Western Ghats (TN) Nagarkoil hill ranges - Western Ghats (TN) Parambikulam-Western Ghats(Kerala) Wynad-Western Ghats(Kerala) 39 Heizmannia (Heizmannia) covelli Oct,Nov-1991 Boko (Assam) 200-650 Outdoor resting 6 6 Agasthyar hills-Western Ghats (TN) Bamboo stump 26 Anaimalai hills-Western Ghats (TN) outdoor resting 3 Coimbatore foot hills Tree hole 66 95 Kolli hills-Eastern Ghats (TN) Nilgiri hills-Western Ghats (TN) 40 Heizmannia (Heizmannia) greenii Nov1985-May1988& Jun 2010- Apr 2013 300-2300 Nagarkoil hill ranges - Western Ghats (TN) Parambikulam-Western Ghats(Kerala) Silent valley-Western Ghats(Kerala) Tirunelveli Forest (TN) Wynad-Western Ghats(Kerala) Bamboo stump 77 Coorg-Western Ghats (Karnataka) Log hole 8 41 Heizmannia (Heizmannia) indica Jan1987-Oct1989& Jun 2010- Apr 2013 Nilgiri hills-Western Ghats (TN) 500-1200 Outdoor resting 1 Silent valley-Western Ghats(Kerala) Tree hole 23 109 Wynad-Western Ghats(Kerala) 42 Heizmannia (Heizmannia) reidi Aug-Oct1993 Andaman&Nicobar islands Sea level Outdoor resting 1 1 Agasthya hills-Western Ghats (TN) Bamboo stump 188 Anamalai hills-Western Ghats (TN) Reed stump 8 Coorg-Western Ghats (Karnataka) Tree hole 125 321 Malapuram-Western Ghats(Kerala) Munnar-Western Ghats(Kerala) 43 Heizmannia (Mattinglyia) discrepans Jan1986-Jul1990& Jun 2010- Apr 2013 300-2300 Nagarkoil hill ranges - Western Ghats (TN) Nilgiri hills-Western Ghats (TN) Parambikulam-Western Ghats(Kerala) Silent valley-Western Ghats(Kerala) Wynad-Western Ghats(Kerala) Genus Hopkinsius 44 Hopkinsius (Yamada) albocinctus Sep1988 Munnar-Western Ghats(Kerala) 600-1600 Tree hole 2 2 Genus Hulecoeteomyia Agasthyar hills-Western Ghats (TN) Bamboo stump 594 Bodi hills-Western Ghats (TN) Bamboo sheath 26 Anaimalai hills-Western Ghats (TN) Banana stump 82 Boko (Assam) Betel net leaf 67 45 Hulecoeteomyia chrysolineata Nov85-Nov91& Jun 2010- Apr 2013 Coorg-Western Ghats (Karnataka) 300-2300 Discarded container 168 Munnar-Western Ghats(Kerala) Flower wash 34 Nagarkoil hill ranges - Western Ghats (TN) Colacasia 3 Nilgiri hills-Western Ghats (TN) Human landing 1 Palani hills-Western Ghats (TN) Banana leaf axil 138

~ 78 ~ International Journal of Mosquito Research

Parambikulam-Western Ghats(Kerala) Pineapple leaf axil 4 Satyamangalam forest Log hole 2 Silent valley-Western Ghats(Kerala) Mud pot 48 Wynad-Western Ghats(Kerala) Mushroom 68 Mud pool 9 Metal drum 18 Outdoor resting 2 Plastic roof shelter 6 Rocky pool 3 Split bamboo 30 Tree hole 460 Wild fruit shell 3 1766 Boko (Assam) Bamboo stump 10 Palani hills- Western Ghats (TN) Flower wash 2 46 Hulecoeteomyia harveyi Oct,Nov-1991& Jun 2010- Apr 2013 200-1150 Wynad-Western Ghats(Kerala) Discarded container 12 Rocky pool 4 28 Boko (Assam) Leaf axil 95 Cooch Behar distric -WB Dusk collection 5 47 Hulecoeteomyia pallirostris Oct,Nov-1991& Jun 2010- Apr 2013 300-1150 Nilgiri hills-Western Ghats (TN) Bamboo stump 2 Palani hills-Western Ghats (TN) Discarded container 7 109 48 Hulecoeteomyia saxicola Sep1988 Madurai (TN) 100 Dusk collection 1 1 Genus Kenknightia Boko (Assam) Outdoor resting 2 Munnar-Western Ghats(Kerala) Tree hole 110 112 200-2050 49 Kenknightia dissimilis Dec1985-Nov1991& Jun 2010- Apr 2013 Nilgiri hills-Western Ghats (TN) Palani hills-Western Ghats (TN) Silent valley-Western Ghats(Kerala) Genus Lorrainea 50 Lorrainea amesii Aug-Oct1993 Andaman&Nicobar islands Sea level Human landing 124 124 Andaman&Nicobar islands Tree hole 3 51 Lorrainea fumida Aug-Oct1993 Sea level Tyre 2 5 Genus Mucidus Satyamangalam forest 400-600 Rainwater pool 48 52 Mucidus (Mucidus)scatophagoides Nov-1990 & Jun 2010- Apr 2013 Dharmapuri(TN) Light trap 1 49 Genus Neomelaniconion 53 Neomelaniconion lineatopenne Jalpaiguri distric (West Bengal)-WB Dusk collection 22 22 200-650 Oct,Nov-1991 & Nov 2014 Cooch Behar distric -WB Boko (Assam) Genus Paraedes Nilgiri hills-Western Ghats (TN) Crab hole 87 54 Paraedes barrauidi Jul1990 1100-1200 Crab hole resting 24 111 Coorg-Western Ghats (Karnataka) Crab hole 41 Malapuram-Western Ghats(Kerala) Human landing 35 55 Paraedes menoni May1987-Sep1990 Nilgiri hills-Western Ghats (TN) 350-1200 Outdoor resting 2 Spring pool 2 Stream slow flowing 1 81 Genus Phagomyia Malapuram-Western Ghats(Kerala) Bamboo stump 1 56 Phyagomyia cacharana May1987-May1988 350-1100 Parambikulam-Western Ghats(Kerala) Tree hole 3 4 57 Phyagomyia cogilli May1988-May1989& Jun 2010-Apr13 Coorg-Western Ghats (Karnataka) 650-1200 ~ 79 ~ International Journal of Mosquito Research

Nilgiri hills-Western Ghats (TN) Banana stump 1 Parambikulam-Western Ghats(Kerala) Tree hole 4 Srivillipithur-Wewstern Ghats (TN) Rocky pool 7 Varushanadu hills-Western Ghats (TN) Discarded container 3 15 58 Phyagomyia deccana Oct 1986 Agasthyar hills-Western Ghats (TN) 300 Tree hole 3 3 Agasthyar hills-Western Ghats (TN) Bamboo stump 20 Alakarkoil hills-Eastern Ghats (TN) Tree hole 45 Malapuram-Western Ghats(Kerala) Latex Cup 1 66 Nagarkoil hill ranges - Western Ghats (TN) 59 Phyagomyia gubernatoris Oct1985-Jul1990 Nilgiri hills-Western Ghats (TN) 200-2050 Palani hills-Western Ghats (TN) Tirunelveli Forest (TN) Varushanadu hills-Western Ghats (TN) Wynad-Western Ghats(Kerala) 60 Phyagomyia inquinata Dec1985 Palani hills-Western Ghats (TN) 400-2050 Tree hole 3 3 Agasthyar hills-Western Ghats (TN) Tree hole 17 17 Coorg-Western Ghats (Karnataka) 61 Phyagomyiakhazani Oct1986- Oct1988 300-1100 Malapuram-Western Ghats(Kerala) Parambikulam-Western Ghats(Kerala) Boko (Assam) Tree hole 26 Munnar-Western Ghats(Kerala) Bamboo stump 36 62 62 Phyagomyiaprominens Oct 1987-Nov 1991& Jun 2010- Apr 2013 Wynad-Western Ghats(Kerala) 200-1600 Nilgiri hills-Western Ghats (TN) Silent valley-Western Ghats(Kerala) Genus Rhinoskusea Crab hole 49 Pitchavaram- mangrove forest (TN) Sea level Crab hole resting 73 63 Rhinoskuseaportonovoensis Sept 1987 Swamp pool 64 Tree hole 19 205 Genus Scutomyia Boko (Assam) 200-650 Bamboo stump 3 64 Scutomyia albolineata Oct,Nov-1991 Tree hole 2 5 Genus Stegomyia Andaman&Nicobar islands Discarded container 24 Sea leval Human landing 16 65 Stegomyia (Actinothrix) edwardsi Aug-Oct 1993 Outdoor resting 1 Tree hole 160 201 Bamboo stump 77 Boko (Assam) Outdoor resting 1 66 Stegomyia (Heteraspidion) annandalei Oct,Nov-1991 & 2011-Nov 2014 Cooch Behar distric -WB 200-650 Tree hole 1 79 Darjeeling distric-WB Jalpaiguri distric (West Bengal)-WB Boko (Assam) Bamboo stump 22 Malapuram-Western Ghats(Kerala) Tree hole 16 38 Anaimalai hills-Western Ghats (TN) 67 Stegomyia (Heteraspidion) craggi May1987-Nov1991& Jun 2010- Apr 2013 Munnar-Western Ghats(Kerala) 200-1600 Satyamangalam forest Parambikulam-Western Ghats(Kerala) Wynad-Western Ghats(Kerala) 68 Stegomyia (Huangmyia) mediopunctata Oct,Nov-1991& Jun 2010- Apr 2013 Nilgiri hills-Western Ghats (TN) 200-650 Bamboo stump 16

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Anaimalai hills-Western Ghats (TN) Outdoor resting 8 24 Boko (Assam) Coorg-Western Ghats (Karnataka) Bamboo stump 21 21 Munnar-Western Ghats(Kerala) 69 Stegomyia (Huangmyia) perplexa Jan 1988- Oct 1988 500-1600 Parambikulam-Western Ghats(Kerala) Wynad-Western Ghats(Kerala) Agasthya hills-Western Ghats (TN) Bamboo stump 4 Anaimalai hills-Western Ghats (TN) Betel net leaf 5 Andaman&Nicobar islands Discarded container 155 Bodi hills-Western Ghats (TN) Human landing 16 Coorg-Western Ghats(Karnataka) Log hole 4 Dharmapuri(TN) Plastic Drum 34 Kolli hills-Eastern Ghats (TN) Iron tank 241 70 Stegomyia (Stegomyia) aegypti Oct1985-Oct1993& Jun 2010- Apr 2013 Sea level-2300 Munnar-Western Ghats(Kerala) Reed Stump 1 Nagarkoil hill ranges - Western Ghats (TN) Rocky pool 20 Nilgiri hills-Western Ghats (TN) Tree hole 120 Palani Hills - Western Ghats (TN) Cement tank 22 Tirunelveli Forest (TN) Mud pot 24 646 Varushanadu hills-Western Ghats (TN) Wynad-Western Ghats(Kerala) Boko (Assam) Human landing 2 71 Stegomyia (Xyele)desmotes May1988-Nov1991 200-900 Parambikulam-Western Ghats(Kerala) Outdoor resting 2 4 Agasthyar hills-Western Ghats (TN) Bamboo stump 3646 Alakarkoil hill-Eastern Ghats (TN) Un used Battery 54 Anaimalai hills-Western Ghats (TN) Cement tank 205 Coimbatore foot hills Coconut sheel 114 Andaman&Nicobar islands Dusk collection 16 Bodi hills-Western Ghats (TN) Discarded container 1103 Boko (Assam) Flower pot 8 Coorg-Western Ghats(Karnataka) Fallen tree 477 Dharmapuri (TN) Grinding stone 292 Jalpaiguri distric (West Bengal)-WB Human landing 111 Cooch Behar distric -WB Latex Cup 348 Darjeeling distric-WB Leaf axil 218 Dakshin Dinajpur distric - WB Log hole 393 Kolli hills-Eastern Ghats (TN) Mud pot 726 72 Stegomyia albopicta Aug1985-Nov1991& Jun 2010- Apr 2013 Sea level -2300 Malapuram-Western Ghats(Kerala) Outdoor resting 124 Munnar-Western Ghats(Kerala) Rain water sump 87 Coimbatore foot hills Reed stumps 3 Nagarkoil hill ranges - Western Ghats (TN) Rocky pool 788 Nilgiri hills-Western Ghats (TN) Tree hole 3750 Palani hills-Western Ghats (TN) Tyre 302 Parambikulam-Western Ghats(Kerala) Plastic Drum 132 Pitchavaram-Mangrove (TN) Metal container 417 Satyamangalam forest Root hole 51 Silent valley-Western Ghats(Kerala) Plastic roof shelter 79 13444 Tirunelveli Forest (TN) Varushanadu hills-Western Ghats (TN) Wynad--Western Ghats(Kerala) Wynad--Western Ghats(Kerala)

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73 Stegomyia flavopicta Jun 2010-Apr 2013 Satyamangalam forest Tree hole 2 2 74 Stegomyia gardnerii imitator Oct,Nov-1991 Boko (Assam) 200-650 Outdoor resting 1 1 Agasthyar hills-Western Ghats (TN) Bamboo stump 52 Alagar koil hills-Eastern Ghats (TN) Coconut shell 2 Andaman&Nicobar islands Discarded container 81 Anaimalai hills-Western Ghats (TN) Grinding stone 6 Bodi hills-Western Ghats (TN) Latex Cup 7 Malapuram-Western Ghats(Kerala) Log hole 253 Munnar-Western Ghats(Kerala) Tree hole 623 75 Stegomyia krombeini May1986- Oct 1993& Jun 2010- Apr 2013 Sea level -2250 Nagarkoil hill ranges - Western Ghats (TN) Rocky pool 7 1031 Nilgiri hills-Western Ghats (TN) Palani hills-Western Ghats (TN) Parambikulam-Western Ghats(Kerala) Pitchavaram(Mangrove) (TN) Tirunelveli Forest (TN) Wynad-Western Ghats(Kerala) Andaman&Nicobar islands Canoe 3 Coconut sheel 988 Discarded container 140 76 Stegomyia malayensis Aug-Oct 1993 Sea leval Human landing 146 Outdoor resting 3 Tree hole 30 Tyre 136 1446 Agasthya hills-Western Ghats (TN) Bamboo stump 167 Alagar koil hills-Eastern Ghats (TN) Human landing 4 Dharmapuri(TN) Outdoor resting 2 Malapuram-Western Ghats(Kerala) Sea level - Tree hole 483 656 77 Stegomyia novalbopicta Oct1986-Nov1990 Munnar-Western Ghats(Kerala) 1600 Parambikulam-Western Ghats(Kerala) Pitchavaram-Mangrove (TN) Wynad-Western Ghats(Kerala) Boko (Assam) Bamboo stump 78 Anaimalai hills-Western Ghats (TN) Tree hole 104 182 Malapuram-Western Ghats(Kerala) Munnar-Western Ghats(Kerala) 78 Stegomyia pseudalbopicta Sep1986-Nov1991& Jun 2010- Apr 2013 200-1600 Satyamangalam forest Nilgiri hills-Western Ghats(TN) Nagarkoil hill ranges - Western Ghats (TN) Wynad-Western Ghats(Kerala) Srivillipithur-Wewstern Ghats (TN) Rocky pool 14 Tirunelveli Forest (TN) Grinding stone 4 Palani hills-Western Ghats (TN) Discarded container 3 79 Stegomyia scutellaris Febrauary 2011 & Nov 2014 350-500 Cooch Behar distric -WB Betel net leaf 4 Darjeeling distric-WB Sintex tank 8 Jalpaiguri distric (West Bengal)-WB Tree hole 10 43 Agasthyar hills-Western Ghats(TN) Bamboo stump 40 Bodi hills-Western Ghats(TN) Log hole 2 Sea level - 80 Stegomyia subalbopicta May1986-Jul1990& Jun 2010- Apr 2013 Malapuram-Western Ghats(Kerala) Outdoor resting 9 2250 Munnar-Western Ghats(Kerala) Tree hole 393 Nilgiri hills-Western Ghats(TN) Sintex tank 48 492

~ 82 ~ International Journal of Mosquito Research

Parambikulam-Western Ghats(Kerala) Pitchavaram(Mangrove) (TN) Satyamangalam forest Silent valley-Western Ghats(Kerala) Wynad-Western Ghats(Kerala) 81 Stegomyia unilineata Nov 1990 Dharmapuri(TN) 400-600 Outdoor resting 9 9 Agasthyar hills-Western Ghats(TN) Bamboo stumps 61 Coimbatore foot hills Grinding stone 3 Coorg-Western Ghats(Karnataka) Human landing 16 Malapuram-Western Ghats(Kerala) Outdoor resting 14 Nagarkoil hill ranges - Western Ghats (TN) Tree hole 9 82 Stegomyia w-alba Nov1985-Oct1988& Jun 2010- Apr 2013 Nilgiri hills-Western Ghats(TN) 300-2300 Rocky pool 2 Parambikulam-Western Ghats(Kerala) Rain water pool 1 106 Satyamangalam forest Srivillipithur-Wewstern Ghats (TN) Silent valley-Western Ghats(Kerala) Varushanadu hills-Western Ghats (TN) Genus Tewarius Agasthyar hills-Western Ghats (TN) Bamboo stump 331 Coorg-Western Ghats(Karnataka) Human landing 1 83 Tewarius agastyai Nov1985-May1989& Jun 2010- Apr 2013 Nagarkoil hill ranges - Western Ghats (TN) 500-1200 Outdoor resting 1 Parambikulam-Western Ghats(Kerala) Tree hole 333 666 Tirunelveli Forest (TN) Munnar-Western Ghats(Kerala) Outdoor resting 2 84 Tewarius reubenae Jan1987-Oct1989 Nilgiri hills-Western Ghats (TN) 600-1600 Tree hole 231 233 Silent valley-Western Ghats(Kerala) Genus Verrallina Coconut shell 36 Crab hole 1 85 Verrallina (Neomacleaya) agrestis Sep1986-Sep1990 Nilgiri hills-Western Ghats(TN) 800-1200 Human landing 2 39 Andaman&Nicobar islands Coconut shell 1 86 Verrallina (Neomacleaya) andamanensis Aug-Oct1993 Sea level Crab hole 12 Human landing 1 14 87 Verrallina (Neomacleaya) assamensis Oct 2002& Jun 2003 Dibrugarh (Assam) 200 Rain water pool 7 7 Andipatti hills-Western Ghats(TN) Spring pool 10 Anaimalai hills-Western Ghats (TN) Human landing 2 Coorg -Western Ghats(Karnataka) Elephant foot print 13 Dharmapuri(TN) Mud pool 32 88 Verrallina (Neomacleaya) cauta Sep1985-Nov1990& Jun 2010- Apr 2013 350-1200 Malapuram-Western Ghats(Kerala) Outdoor resting 1 Nagerkoil-Western Ghats (TN) Pond 2 Nilgiri hills-Western Ghats(TN) Rocky pool 39 Palani hills-Western Ghats(TN) Rain water pool 84 183 89 Verrallina (Neomacleaya) indica Nov 1991 Virudhachalam (TN) 100 Dusk collection 5 5 Dharmapuri(TN) Cattle biting 2 Kolli hills-Eastern Ghats(TN) Dusk collection 14 Verrallina (Neomacleaya) Satyamangalam forest Rocky pool 16 32 90 Feb1986-Nov1990& Jun 2010- Apr 2013 300-2300 pseudomediofasciata Malapuram-Western Ghats(Kerala) Nilgiri hills-Western Ghats(TN) Wynad-Western Ghats(Kerala) 91 Verrallina (Verrallina) butleri Oct,Nov-1991 Boko (Assam) 200-650 Outdoor resting 2 2 92 Verrallina (Verrallina) dux Aug-Oct1993 Andaman&Nicobar islands Sea level Tree hole 9 9

~ 83 ~ International Journal of Mosquito Research

Pitchavaram-Mangrove (TN) Human landing 25 93 Verrallina (Verrallina) lugubris Mar1997-Feb1998 Sea level Swamp pool 421 446 Tribe: Culicini Genus Culex 94 Culex (Culex) alienus Oct,Nov 1991 Boko (Assam) 200-650 Irrigation channel 1 1 Agasthyar hills-Western Ghats(TN) Cattle baiting 82 Andipatti hills-Western Ghats(TN) Lake 125 Bodi hills-Western Ghats(TN) Outdoor resting 2 95 Culex (Culex) barraudi Sep1985-Sep1990 300-1500 Nilgiri hills-Western Ghats(TN) Pond 1 Varushanadu hills-Western Ghats(TN) Rocky pool 15 Stream slow flowing 104 329 Anamalai hills-Western Ghats(TN) Crab hole 13 Nilgiri hills-Western Ghats(TN) Mud pool 6 Outdoor resting 8 96 Culex (Culex) edwardsi Jan1986-Sep1990 300-2300 Paddy field 6 Spring pool 3 Spring slow flowing 2 Stream slow flowing 7 45 Agasthyar hills-Western Ghats(TN) Bamboo Stump 15 Anamalai hills-Western Ghats(TN) Cattle biting 83 Boko (Assam) Dawn collection 1 Coorg -Western Ghats(Karnataka) Dusk collection 48 Dharmapuri(TN) Elephant foot print 155 Kolli hills-Eastern Ghats(TN) Fallow field 4 Malapuram-Western Ghats(Kerala) Irrigation channel 11 Nilgiri hills-Western Ghats(TN) Lake 27 Parambikulam-Western Ghats(Kerala) Light trap 1 97 Culex (Culex) fuscocephala Nov1985-Nov1991 &Jun2010-Apr2013 Satyamangalam forest 300-2300 Manure pit 5 Varushanadu hills-Western Ghats(TN) Pond 19 Wynad-Western Ghats(Kerala) Mud pot 4 Jalpaiguri distric (West Bengal)-WB Mud pool 105 Darjeeling distric-WB Outdoor resting 112 Dakshin Dinajpur distric - WB Paddy field 3 Cooch Behar distric -WB Rain water pool 121 Rocky pool 67 Spring pool 92 Stream slow flowing 361 1234 Andipatti hills-Western Ghats(TN) Cattle baiting 11 Anamalai hills-Western Ghats(TN) Dusk collection 3032 Boko (Assam) Manure pit 21 Coorg -Western Ghats(Karnataka) Outdoor resting 1 Darjeeling distric-WB Rain water pool 18 Cooch Behar distric -WB Fallow field 4 98 Culex (Culex) gelidus Sep1985-Nov1991 &Jun2010-Apr2013 200-1500 Jalpaiguri distric (West Bengal)-WB Pond 5 Dakshin Dinajpur distric - WB Plastic drum 8 3100 Nilgiri hills-Western Ghats(TN) Varushanadu hills-Western Ghats(TN) Tirunelveli Forest (TN) Wynad-Western Ghats(Kerala) 99 Culex (Culex) jacksoni Feb1986-May1986 Nilgiri hills-Western Ghats(TN) 300-2300 Paddy field 4

~ 84 ~ International Journal of Mosquito Research

Palani hills-Western Ghats(TN) Tree hole 3 Lake 3 Pond 20 30 Anamalai hills-Western Ghats(TN) Cement tank 176 Bodi hills-Western Ghats(TN) Cess pool 21 Nilgiri hills-Western Ghats(TN) Check Dam 196 Palani hills-Western Ghats(TN) Lake 71 Satyamangalam forest Mud pool 42 Srivillipithur-Wewstern Ghats (TN) Metal container 30 100 Culex (Culex) mimeticus Aug1985-Jan1987 &Jun2010-Apr2013 Silent valley-Western Ghats(Kerala) 300-2300 Pond 48 Theni hills-Western Ghats (TN) Rain water pool 148 Varushanadu hills-Western Ghats(TN) Rocky pool 131 Spring slow flowing 183 Stream slow flowing 70 Tyre 10 Tree hole 62 1188 Anamalai hills-Western Ghats(TN) Cement tank 118 Andipatti hills-Western Ghats(TN) Check Dam 132 Kolli hills-Eastern Ghats(TN) Lake 24 Nilgiri hills-Western Ghats(TN) Pond 15 101 Culex (Culex) mimuloides Sep1985-Jan1987 &Jun2010-Apr2013 Palani hills-Western Ghats(TN) 300-2300 Rain water pool 71 Silent valley-Western Ghats(Kerala) Rocky pool 184 Theni hills-Western Ghats (TN) Spring slow flowing 14 Stream slow flowing 61 Tree hole 69 688 Agasthyar hills-Western Ghats(TN) Bamboo stump 25 Anamalai hills-Western Ghats(TN) Canal 20 Bodi hills-Western Ghats(TN) Cement tank 168 Coimbatore foot hills Check Dam 177 Boko (Assam) Elephant foot print 20 Coorg-Western Ghats(Karnataka) Fallow field 13 Dharmapuri(TN) Irrigation channel 4 Kolli hills-Eastern Ghats(TN) Lake 154 Malapuram-Western Ghats(Kerala) Manure pit 152 Nilgiri hills-Western Ghats(TN) Metal container 31 Palani hills-Western Ghats(TN) Mud pool 1 Parambikulam -Western Ghats(Kerala) Outdoor resting 52 102 Culex (Culex) mimulus Aug1985-Nov1991 &Jun2010-Apr2013 300-2300 Satyamangalam forest Paddy field 36 Silent valley-Western Ghats(Kerala) Rain water pool 48 Srivillipithur-Wewstern Ghats (TN) River slow flowing 299 Tirunelveli Forest (TN) Rocky pool 346 Theni hills-Western Ghats (TN) Sandy pool 489 Varushanadu hills-Western Ghats(TN) Sintex tank 9 Wynad-Western Ghats(Kerala) Spring slow flowing 329 Tree hole 10 Pond 110 Rain water pool 169 Stream slow flowing 128 Well 6 2796 103 Culex (Culex) murrelli Oct,Nov-1991 Boko (Assam) 200-650 Fallow field 5

~ 85 ~ International Journal of Mosquito Research

Paddy field 3 Pond 1 Sandy pool 7 Stream pool 2 18 Nilgiri hills-Western Ghats(TN) Cement tank 38 Coimbatore foot hills Log hole 4 Palani hills-Western Ghats(TN) Tree hole 10 104 Culex (Culex) nilgiricus Dec1985-May1986 &Jun2010-Apr2013 Anaimalai hills-Western Ghats (TN) 400-2050 Lake 7 Nagarkoil hill ranges - Western Ghats (TN) Rocky pool 115 Stream slow flowing 5 Spring slow flowing 1 180 Agasthyar hills-Western Ghats(TN) Borrow-pit 17 Anamalai hills-Western Ghats(TN) Cattle baiting 80 Andaman&Nicobar islands Dusk collection 566 Andipatti hills-Western Ghats(TN) Fallow field 38 Bodi hills-Western Ghats(TN) Human landing 1 Boko (Assam) Irrigation channel 27 Coorg -Western Ghats(Karnataka) Mud pool 76 Dharmapuri(TN) Outdoor resting 8 Kolli hills-Eastern Ghats(TN) Paddy field 369 105 Culex (Culex) pseudovishnui Aug1985-Oct1993 &Jun2010-Nov 2014 Sea level-2250 Malapuram-Western Ghats(Kerala) Pond 32 Nilgiri hills-Western Ghats(TN) Rainwater pool 25 Parambikulam -Western Ghats(Kerala) Rocky pool 2 Silent valley-Western Ghats(Kerala) Spring slow flowing 37 Theni hills-Western Ghats (TN) Stream slow flowing 79 Srivillipithur-Wewstern Ghats (TN) Tree hole 13 1370 Jalpaiguri distric (West Bengal)-WB Dakshin Dinajpur distric - WB Varushanadu hills-Western Ghats(TN) Anamalai hills-Western Ghats(TN) Cattle biting 13 Agasthyar hills-Western Ghats(TN) Cattle shed resting 2 Andaman&Nicobar island Cement tank 86 Andipatti hills-Western Ghats(TN) Cess pool 175 Boko (Assam) Coconut sheel 2 Dharmapuri (TN) Dusk collection 1419 Nilgiri hills-Western Ghats(TN) Discarded container 219 Palani hills-Western Ghats(TN) Flower pot 5 Pitchavaram (Mangrove) (TN) Grinding stone 33 Silent valley-Western Ghats(Kerala) Light trap 2 106 Culex (Culex) quinquefasciatus Sep1985-Oct1993 - Nov 2014 Theni hills-Western Ghats (TN) Sea level -2300 Man biting 3 Varushanadu hills-Western Ghats(TN) Manure pit 6 Wynad-Western Ghats(Kerala) Metal container 85 Jalpaiguri distric (West Bengal)-WB Mud pool 24 Darjeeling distric-WB Mud pot 36 Cooch Behar distric -WB Outdoor resting 3 Dakshin Dinajpur distric - WB Pond 2 Plastic Drum 2 Rain water pool 105 Rocky pool 129 Tyre 5 2356

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Andaman&Nicobar islands Casuarina pit 25 Kolli hills-Eastern Ghats (TN) Cattle biting 2 Nilgiri hills-Western Ghats (TN) Crab hole resting 1 107 Culex (Culex) sitiens Feb1986-Dec1988 Sea level -2300 Pitchavaram (Mangrove) (TN) Irrigation well 1 Outdoor resting 9 Swamp pool 43 81 Agasthyar hills-Western Ghats (TN) Cattle biting 45 Andaman&Nicobar islands Canal 2 Boko (Assam) Dawn collection 5 Coorg-Western Ghats (Karnataka) Dusk collection 2169 Dharmapuri (TN) Fallow field 1 Kolli hills-Eastern Ghats (TN) Irrigation channel 17 Nagerkoil-Western Ghats (TN) Irrigation well 14 Nilgiri hills-Western Ghats(TN) Lake 5 108 Culex (Culex) tritaeniorhynchus Nov1985-Oct1993 -Nov 2014 Parambikulam-Western Ghats(Kerala) Sea level -2250 Light trap 1 Pitchavaram (Mangrove) (TN) Manure pit 2 Satyamangalam forest Mud pool 31 Srivillipithur-Wewstern Ghats (TN) Outdoor resting 46 Tirunelveli Forest (TN) Paddy field 138 Jalpaiguri district(West Bengal)-WB Pond 24 Darjeeling district-WB Rocky pool 26 Cooch Behar district -WB Spring slow flowing 23 Dakshin Dinajpur district - WB Stream slow flowing 120 2669 Andipatti hills-Western Ghats (TN) Rocky pool 11 11 109 Culex (Culex) vagans Sep 1985 June -2009 650-1500 Palani hills-Western Ghats (TN) Agasthyar hills-Western Ghats (TN) Andipatti hills-Western Ghats (TN) Cattle baiting 109 Bodi hills-Western Ghats (TN) Dawn collection 6 Boko (Assam) Dusk collection 106 Coorg -Western Ghats(Karnataka) Fallow field 2 Dharmapuri (TN) Irrigation channel 1 Kolli hills-Eastern Ghats(TN) Lake 4 110 Culex (Culex) vishnui Aug1985-Nov1991 &Jun2010-Nov 2014 Nilgiri hills-Western Ghats(TN) 200-2300 Light trap 14 Satyamangalam forest Mud pool 77 Srivillipithur-Wewstern Ghats (TN) Outdoor resting 25 Parambikulam-Western Ghats(Kerala) Paddy field 83 Varushanadu hills-Western Ghats(TN) Pond 35 Jalpaiguri district (West Bengal)-WB Rocky pool 80 Cooch Behar district - WB Spring slow flowing 61 Jalpaiguri district (West Bengal)-WB Stream slow flowing 433 1036 111 Culex (Culex) whitei Oct,Nov1991 Boko (Assam) 200-650 Fallow field 4 4 Agasthyar hills-Western Ghats(TN) Bamboo stump 1 Bodi hills-Western Ghats(TN) Cattle biting 18 Boko (Assam) Dusk collection 13 Coorg -Western Ghats(Karnataka) Fallow field 9 112 Culex (Culex) whitmorei Aug1985-Nov1991 & Nilgiri hills-Western Ghats(TN) 200-2300 Human landing 1 Parambikulam-Western Ghats(Kerala) Irrigation channel 2 Silent valley-Western Ghats(Kerala) Mud pool 5 Jalpaiguri distric (West Bengal)-WB Outdoor resting 27 Paddy field 33

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Rocky pool 1 110 Nilgiri hills-Western Ghats(TN) Elephant foot print 16 Palani hills-Western Ghats(TN) Outdoor resting 1 113 Culex (Culiciomyia) bailyi Dec1985-Jan1988 300-2300 Tirunelveli Forest (TN) Rain water pool 4 Wynad-Western Ghats(Kerala) Tree hole 2 23 Andaman & Nicobar islands Bamboo stump 10 Boko (Assam) Coconut sheel 204 Coorg -Western Ghats(Karnataka) Rain water pool 5 Srivillipithur-Wewstern Ghats (TN) Rocky pool 1 114 Culex (Culiciomyia) fragilis Oct1988-Nov 2014 Sea level-800 Nagerkoil-Western Ghats (TN) Steam slow flowing 11 Nilgiri hills-Western Ghats(TN) Plastic container 4 Palani hills-Western Ghats(TN) Tyre 5 Tree hole 14 254 Anamalai hills-Western Ghats(TN) Bamboo stump 3 Boko (Assam) Cement tank 2 Coimbatore foot hills Grinding stone 13 Coorg -Western Ghats(Karnataka) Outdoor resting 2 Dharmapuri (TN) Paddy field 1 115 Culex (Culiciomyia) nigropunctatus Oct1985-Nov-2014 Malapuram-Western Ghats(Kerala) 200-1200 Rocky pool 56 Palani hills-Western Ghats(TN) Sandy pool 97 Parambi-Western Ghats(Kerala) Spring pool 22 Theni hills -Western Ghats (TN) Tree hole 3 Tirunelveli Forest (TN) Stream slow flowing 39 238 Varushanadu hills-Western Ghats(TN) Agasthyar hills-Western Ghats(TN) Bamboo stump 106 Anamalai hills-Western Ghats(TN) Banana stump 5 Coimbatore foot hills Crab hole 6 Andaman & Nicobar island Check Dam 15 Andipatti hills-Western Ghats(TN) Cement tank 94 Bodi hills-Western Ghats(TN) Discarded container 41 Boko (Assam) Elephant foot print 88 Coorg-Western Ghats (Karnataka) Fallen tree 16 Dharmapuri (TN) Grinding stone 2 Kolli hills-Eastern Ghats(TN) Irrigation channel 1 Malapuram-Western Ghats(Kerala) Lake 6 Munnar-Western Ghats(Kerala) Log hole 8 Nilgiri hills-Western Ghats(TN) Light trap 6 116 Culex (Culiciomyia) pallidothorax Sep1985-Oct1993 &Jun2010-Nov 2014 Sea level-2300 Palani hills-Western Ghats(TN) Metal drum 176 Parambikum-Western Ghats(Kerala) Manure pit 39 Satyamangalam forest Mud pool 117 Silent valley-Western Ghats(Kerala) Outdoor resting 20 Srivillipithur-Wewstern Ghats (TN) Pond 15 Varushanadu hills-Western Ghats(TN) Paddy field 13 Wynad-Western Ghats(Kerala) Rain water pool 9 Rocky pool 1121 Sintex tank 74 Spring slow flowing 49 Stream slow flowing 139 Tyre 77 Tree hole 100

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Well 59 2402 117 Culex (Culiciomyia) spathifurca Dec 1988 Pitchavaram (Mangrove)(TN) Sea level Tree hole 171 171 Agastya hills-Western Ghats(TN) Bamboo stump 71 Alakarkoil hill-Eastern Ghats(TN) Discarded container 18 Anamalai hills-Western Ghats(TN) Outdoor resting 11 Andaman & Nicobar islands Tree hole 1118 Boko (Assam) Latex cup 19 Coimbatore foot hills Log hole 2 Coorg-Western Ghats (Karnataka) Stream slow flowing 6 Malapuram-Western Ghats(Kerala) Spring pool 5 118 Culex (Eumelanomyia) brevipalpis Jan86-Oct93 &Jun2010-Nov 2014 Munnar-Western Ghats(Kerala) Sea level -2250 Plastic container 1 Nagerkoil-Western Ghats (TN) Tyre 85 1336 Nilgiri hills-Western Ghats(TN) Pitchavaram (Mangrove)(TN) Satyamangalam forest Srivillipithur-Wewstern Ghats (TN) Tirunelveli Forest (TN) Varushanadu hills-Western Ghats(TN) Wynad-Western Ghats(Kerala) Anamalai hills-Western Ghats(TN) Mud pool 4 Bodi hills-Western Ghats(TN) Paddy field 1 119 Culex (Eumelanomyia) castrensis Jan1986-May1989 650-1600 Coorg -Western Ghats(Karnataka) Spring pool 1 Parambikulam-Western Ghats(Kerala) Stream slow flowing 42 48 Nilgiri hills-Western Ghats(TN) Spring pool 27 120 Culex (Eumelanomyia) foliatus Oct1989, Sep1990 1100-1200 Stream slow flowing 8 35 Palani hills-Western Ghats(TN) Rocky pool 1 1 121 Culex (Eumelanomyia) iphis Oct-13 1000-1100

Boko (Assam) Bamboo stump 1 Coorg -Western Ghats(Karnataka) Elephant footprint 1 Palani hills-Western Ghats(TN) Irrigation channel 3 122 Culex (Eumelanomyia) khazani Jan1988-Nov1991 &Jun2010-Apr 2013 200-1100 Srivillipithur-Wewstern Ghats (TN) Stream slow flowing 17 Varushanadu hills-Western Ghats(TN) Tree hole 237 259 Wynad-Western Ghats(Kerala) Andaman & Nicobar islands Bamboo stump 3 Boko (Assam) Coconut shell 69 Coorg-Western Ghats (Karnataka) Irrigation channel 12 Dharmapuri (TN) Lake 1 Malapuram-Western Ghats(Kerala) Manure pit 1 123 Culex (Eumelanomyia) malayi Jan1986-Oct1993 &Jun2010-Apr2013 Nilgiri hills-Western Ghats(TN) Sea level-1200 Mud pool 96 Palani hills-Western Ghats(TN) Pond 36 Silent valley-Western Ghats(Kerala) Spring slow flowing 56 Wynad-Western Ghats(Kerala) Rain water pool 47 Stream slow flowing 289 Tyre 1 611 Malapuram-Western Ghats(Kerala) Mud pool 7 Silent valley-Western Ghats(Kerala) Outdoor resting 10 124 Culex (Eumelanomyia) mohani Jan1987-May1987 350-1100 Rocky pool 17 Stream slow flowing 15 49 Andipatti hills-Western Ghats(TN) Elephant foot print 2 125 Culex (Eumelanomyia) pluvialis Sep1985-May1988 400-2250 Nilgiri hills-Western Ghats(TN) Mud pool 3

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Parambikulam-Western Ghats(Kerala) Outdoor resting 10 Wynad-Western Ghats(Kerala) Pond 2 Spring pool 1 Stream slow flowing 19 37 Boko (Assam) Bamboo stump 3 126 Culex (Lophoceraomyia) bengalensis Oct,Nov 1991 200-650 Outdoor resting 2 Tree hole 1 6 127 Culex (Lophoceraomyia) bicornutus Oct,Nov 1991 Boko (Assam) 200-650 Spring pool 3 3 Boko (Assam) Outdoor resting 6 6 128 Culex (Lophoceraomyia) cinctellus Sep90-Nov91 200-1200 Nilgiri hills-Western Ghats(TN) Anamalai hills-Western Ghats(TN) Crab hole 20 Kolli hills-Eastern Ghats(TN) Elephant foot print 1 Malapuram-Western Ghats(Kerala) Human landing 1 Nilgiri hills-Western Ghats(TN) Outdoor resting 6 Silent valley-Western Ghats(Kerala) Rocky pool 31 129 Culex (Lophoceraomyia) flavicornis Jan1986-Sep1990 300-2300 Spring slow flowing 136 Rain water pool 1 Stream slow flowing 16 Tree hole 120 Tyre 9 341 Boko (Assam) Irrigation channel 1 Parambikulam-Western Ghats(Kerala) Mud pool 4 Srivillipithur-Wewstern Ghats (TN) Outdoor resting 7 130 Culex (Lophoceraomyia) infantulus Jan1988-Nov1991 Wynad-Western Ghats(Kerala) 200-1100 Pond 4 Spring pool 9 Stream slow flowing 50 Root hole 10 85 131 Culex (Lophoceraomyia) lasiopalpis Oct1989 Nilgiri hills-Western Ghats(TN) 1100-1200 Tree hole 1 1 Anamalai hills-Western Ghats(TN) Cement tank 6 Coorg -Western Ghats(Karnataka) Bamboo stump 6 Malapuram-Western Ghats(Kerala) Elephant foot prints 3 Munnar-Western Ghats(Kerala) Log hole 3 Nagerkoil-Western Ghats (TN) Metal container 14 132 Culex (Lophoceraomyia) mammilifer Jan1987-Sep1990 &Jun2010-Apr2013 Nilgiri hills-Western Ghats(TN) 350-1600 Outdoor resting 5 Parambikulam-Western Ghats(Kerala) Rocky pool 5 Silent valley-Western Ghats(Kerala) Spring pool 31 Stream slow flowing 86 Tree hole 99 Tyre 2 260 Agastya hills-Western Ghats(TN) Bamboo stump 353 Anamalai hills-Western Ghats(TN) Banana leaf axil 2 Andaman & Nicobar islands Crab hole 26 Bodi hills-Western Ghats(TN) Elephant foot print 60 Boko (Assam) Flower wash 12 133 Culex (Lophoceraomyia) minor Feb1986-Oct1993 &Jun2010-Apr2013 Coorg -Western Ghats(Karnataka) Sea level-2300 Log hole 9 Kolli hills-Eastern Ghats(TN) Leaf axil 142 Munnar-Western Ghats(Kerala) Outdoor resting 1 Nagerkoil-Western Ghats (TN) Metal drum 61 Nilgiri hills-Western Ghats(TN) Mud pot 62 Parambikulam-Western Ghats(Kerala) Rocky pool 150

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Palani hills-Western Ghats(TN) Plastic drum 1 Silent valley-Western Ghats(Kerala) Plastic roof shelter 4 Srivillipithur-Wewstern Ghats (TN) Spring pool 22 Tirunelveli Forest (TN) Stream slow flowing 5 Wynad-Western Ghats(Kerala) Tree hole 324 Tyre 36 1270 Alakarkoil hills-Eastern Ghats(TN) Discarded container 94 Andipatti hills-Western Ghats(TN) Lake 22 Bodi hills-Western Ghats(TN) Metal container 2 Dharmapuri (TN) Outdoor resting 2 Nagerkoil-Western Ghats (TN) Rocky pool 75 134 Culex (Lophoceraomyia) minutissimus Aug1985-Nov1990 &Jun2010-Apr 2013 Palani hills-Western Ghats(TN) 200-1500 Sandy pool 572 Srivillipithur-Wewstern Ghats (TN) Spring slow flowing 143 Varushanadu hills-Western Ghats(TN) Stream slow flowing 64 Tirunelveli Forest (TN) Tyre 8 Jalpaiguri distric (West Bengal)-WB Well 3 Tree hole 10 995 135 Culex (Lophoceraomyia) peytoni Oct,Nov1991 Boko (Assam) 200-650 Tree hole 1 1 Coorg -Western Ghats(Karnataka) Bamboo stump 1 136 Culex (Lophoceraomyia) pholeter Oct1988 500-850 Tree hole 2 3 Silent valley-Western Ghats(Kerala) Log pool 32 137 Culex (Lophoceraomyia) raghavanii Jan-Oct1987 850-1200 Rocky pool 440 472 Boko (Assam) Mud pool 2 138 Culex (Lophoceraomyia) rubithoracis Oct,Nov1991 200-650 Pond 2 4 Agasthyar hills-Western Ghats(TN) Bamboo stump 106 Andipatti hills-Western Ghats(TN) Cattle baiting 3 Coorg-Western Ghats (Karnataka) Cement tank 85 Anamalai hills-Western Ghats(TN) Elephent foot print 7 Kolli hills-Eastern Ghats(TN) Fallen tree 5 Malapuram-Western Ghats(Kerala) Grinding stone 24 Coimbatore foot hills Iron tank 14 Munnar-Western Ghats(Kerala) Log hole 217 Nilgiri hills-Western Ghats(TN) Mud pot 34 139 Culex (Lophoceraomyia) uniformis Sep1985-Jul1990 &Jun2010-Apr 2013 300-2300 Parambikulam-Western Ghats(Kerala) Mud pool 5 Silent valley-Western Ghats(Kerala) Discarded container 306 Srivillipithur-Wewstern Ghats (TN) Outdoor resting 23 Varushanadu hills-Western Ghats(TN) Reed stump 15 Wynad-Western Ghats(Kerala) Rocky pool 7 Spring slow flowing 15 Sintex tank 43 Stream slow flowing 31 Tree hole 3539 4479 140 Culex (Lophoceraomyia) variatus Oct,Nov1991 Boko (Assam) 200-650 Outdoor resting 4 4 Andaman & Nicobar islands Outdoor resting 1 141 Culex (Lophoceraomyia) wilfredi Oct,Oct1993 Sea level -650 Boko (Assam) Rain water pool 19 20 Agasthyar hills-Western Ghats(TN) Cattle baiting 5 Anamalai hills-Western Ghats(TN) Discarded container 1 142 Culex (Oculeomyia) bitaeniorhynchus Sep1985-Nov1991 &Jun2010-Apr2013 Andipatti hills-Western Ghats(TN) 200-2300 Dusk collection 29 Boko (Assam) Fallow field 25 Coorg -Western Ghats(Karnataka) Light trap 14

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Dharmapuri(TN) Mud pool 32 Kolli hills-Eastern Ghats(TN) Outdoor resting 1 Nilgiri hills-Western Ghats(TN) Paddy field 17 Varushanadu hills-Western Ghats(TN) Pond 3 Coimbatore foot hills Rain water pool 4 Satyamangalam forest River slow flowing 15 Srivillipithur-Wewstern Ghats (TN) Rocky pool 70 Tirunelveli Forest (TN) Spring pool 62 Jalpaiguri distric (West Bengal)-WB Stream slow flowing 192 470 Dakshin Dinajpur district - WB Darjeeling district -WB 143 Culex (Oculeomyia) cornutus Jan1987 Silent valley-Western Ghats(Kerala) 850-1100 Outdoor resting 1 1 144 Culex (Oculeomyia) epidesmus 1989 Gorakhpur (UP) Outdoor resting 2 2 Bodi hills-Western Ghats(TN) Dusk collection 16 Boko (Assam) Discarded container 2 Nilgiri hills-Western Ghats(TN) Cattle biting 1 Parambikulam-Western Ghats(Kerala) Fallow field 2 Silent valley-Western Ghats(Kerala) Human landing 1 145 Culex (Oculeomyia) infula Aug85-Nov91 &Jun2010-Apr2013 200-1500 Coimbatore foot hills Outdoor resting 11 Anamalai hills-Western Ghats(TN) Paddy field 2 Dakshin Dinajpur district - WB Rocky pool 27 Jalpaiguri distric (West Bengal)-WB Stream slow flowing 15 Cooch Behar district - WB Spring slow flowing 28 105 Boko (Assam) Stream slow flowing 1 146 Culex (Oculeomyia) luzonensis Oct,Nov1991 200-650 Pond 2 3 Genus Lutzia Andipatti hills-Western Ghats(TN) Stream pool 41 Anamalai hills-Western Ghats(TN) Stream slow flowing 4 Boko (Assam) Cement tank 12 Coorg-Western Ghats (Karnataka) Cement cistern 52 Dharmapuri (TN) Canal 1 Malapuram-Western Ghats(Kerala) Elephant foot print 1 Nilgiri hills-Western Ghats(TN) Indoor resting 8 Palani hills-Western Ghats(TN) Manure pit 2 147 Lutzia (Metalutzia) fuscana Sep1985-Oct1993 &Jun2010-Apr2013 Pitchavaram(Mangrove)(TN) Sea level -2050 Mud pool 9 Satyamangalam forest Outdoor resting 4 Silent valley-Western Ghats(Kerala) Paddy field 5 Srivillipithur-Wewstern Ghats (TN) Rain water pool 6 Coimbatore foot hills Steam slow flowing 8 Jalpaiguri district (West Bengal)-WB Rocky pool 55 Cooch Behar district - WB Spring pool 68 Tree base 1 Tree hole 8 285 Anamalai hills-Western Ghats(TN) Discarded container 1 Andaman & Nicobar islands Elephant foot print 1 Andipatti hills-Western Ghats(TN) Human landing 5 148 Lutzia (Metalutzia) halifaxii Sep1985-Oct1993 &Jun2010-Apr2013 Bodi hills-Western Ghats(TN) Sea level-2250 Mud pool 10 Boko (Assam) Outdoor resting 52 Coimbatore foot hills Metal drum 9 Coorg-Western Ghats (Karnataka) Spring slow flowing 49

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Kolli hills-Eastern Ghats(TN) Rain water pool 27 Malapuram-Western Ghats(Kerala) Rocky pool 44 Nilgiri hills-Western Ghats(TN) Stream slow flowing 18 Palani hills-Western Ghats(TN) Tyre 5 Silent valley-Western Ghats(Kerala) Tree hole 1 Varushanadu hills-Western Ghats(TN) well 1 223 Wynad-Western Ghats(Kerala) Satyamangalam forest Palani hills-Western Ghats(TN) Check Dam 34 Satyamangalam forest Plastic drum 28 149 Lutzia (Metalutzia) vorax Jul 2010- Apr 2013 300-1200 Srivillipithur-Wewstern Ghats (TN) Rocky pool 8 Nilgiri hills-Western Ghats(TN) Spring slow flowing 33 103 Tribe: Ficalbiini Genus Ficalbia Oct,Nov1991 200-650 Boko (Assam) Pond 2 150 Ficalbia minima Tree hole 1 3 Genus Mimomyia Aug1985-Nov1991 Bodi hills-Western Ghats(TN) 200-1500 Bamboo stump 1 151 Mimomyia (Etorleptiomyia) luzonensis Boko (Assam) Stream slow flowing 1 2 152 Mimomyia (Ingramia) fusca Aug-Oct1993 Andaman&Nicobar islands Sea level Fallow field 1 1 153 Mimomyia (Mimomyia) chamberlaini 'Feb1996 Madurai (TN) 100 Lake 2 2 154 Mimomyia (Mimomyia) intermedia Oct,Nov1991 Boko (Assam) 200-650 Pond 4 4 Tribe: Hodgesiini Genus Hodgesia Anamalai hills-Western Ghats(TN) Paddy field 1 Aug1985-May1989 Bodi hills-Western Ghats(TN) 650-1500 Rocky pool 2 155 Hodgesia bailyi Coorg-Western Ghats (Karnataka) Sandy pool 1 Tirunelveli Forest (TN) Betel net leaf 2 Parambikulam-Western Ghats(Kerala) Stream slow flowing 11 17 Tribe: Mansoniini Genus Coquillettidia Mar 1996 156 Coquillettidia (Coquillettidia) crassipes Kuttanadu (Kerala) 100 Dusk collection 2 2 Genus Mansonia Cherthalai (Kerala) Dusk collection 165 Darjeeling district -WB Pond 24 189 Oct,Nov1991 200-650 157 Mansonia (Mansonioides) annulifera Dakshin Dinajpur district - WB Jalpaiguri district (West Bengal)-WB Boko (Assam) 158 Mansonia (Mansonioides) indiana Dec1993 Cherthalai (Kerala) 100 Pond 2 2 Boko (Assam) Cattle biting 5 Kolli hills-Eastern Ghats(TN) Dawn collection 9 Nilgiri hills-Western Ghats(TN) Dusk collection 678 159 Mansonia (Mansonioides) uniformis Feb1986-Nov1991 Darjeeling district -WB 200-2300 Pond 30 722 Dakshin Dinajpur district - WB Cooch Behar district - WB Jalpaiguri district (West Bengal)-WB Tribe:Orthopodomyini Bamboo stump 18 Genus Orthopodomyia Oct,Nov1991 200-650 Outdoor resting 4 22 160 Orthopodomyia albipes Boko (Assam) 161 Orthopodomyia anopheloides Dec1985-Oct1993 &Jun2010-Apr2013 Andaman&Nicobar islands Sea level-2300 Bamboo stump 8

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Bodi hills-Western Ghats(TN) Fallen tree 2 Boko (Assam) Latex cup 1 Coorg -Western Ghats(Karnataka) Log hole 6 Munnar-western Ghats (Kerala) Outdoor resting 4 Nagerkoil-Western Ghats (TN) Tree hole 302 323 Nilgiri hills-Western Ghats(TN) Palani hills-Western Ghats(TN) Parambikulam-Western Ghats(Kerala) Silent valley-Western Ghats(Kerala) Tirunelveli Forest (TN) Wynad-Western Ghats(Kerala) Agastya hills-Western Ghats(TN) Tree hole 85 85 Srivillipithur-Wewstern Ghats (TN) 162 Orthopodomyia flavicosta Jul 2010- Apr 2013 300-550 Tirunelveli Forest (TN) Varushanadu hills-Western Ghats(TN) Agastya hills-Western Ghats(TN) Outdoor resting 7 Anamalai hills-Western Ghats(TN) Tree hole 2301 2308 Coorg-Western Ghats(Karnataka) 163 Orthopodomyia flavithorax Mar1986-Oct1989& Jun2010-Apr2013 Kolli hills-Eastern Ghats(TN) 300-1200 Malapuram-Western Ghats(Kerala) Nilgiri hills-Western Ghats(TN) Wynad-Western Ghats(Kerala) Tribe:Sabethini Genus Malaya Andaman&Nicobar islands Banana leaf axil 223 Boko (Assam) Pineapple leaf axil 32 Coimbatore foot hills Collacasia 2 257 164 Malaya genurostris Oct1988-Oct1993& Jun2010-Apr2013 Coorg-Western Ghats (Karnataka) Sea level-1200 Wynad-Western Ghats(Kerala) Nilgiri hills-Western Ghats(TN) Tirunelveli Forest (TN) Boko (Assam) Banana leaf axil 65 65 165 Malaya jacobsoni Oct1988-Nov1991 Coorg-Western Ghats (Karnataka) 200-1200 Nilgiri hills-Western Ghats(TN) Genus Topomyia 200-650 166 Topomyia (Topomyia) aureoventer Oct,Nov1991 Boko (Assam) Outdoor resting 1 1 Genus Tripteroides Agasthyar hills-Western Ghats(TN) Alagar koil hills-Eastern Ghats(TN) Bamboo stump 179 Anamalai hills-Western Ghats(TN) Log hole 111 Coorg-Western Ghats (Karnataka) Outdoor resting 10 Coimbatore foot hills Tree hole 585 Malapuram-Western Ghats(Kerala) Root hole 1 886 300-2300 167 Tripteroides (Rachionotomyia) affinis Oct1985-Oct1989& Jun2010-Apr2013 Munnar-Western Ghats(Kerala Nagerkoil-Western Ghats (TN) Nilgiri hills-Western Ghats(TN) Parambikulam-Western Ghats(Kerala) Palani hills-Western Ghats(TN) Satyamangalam forest Silent valley-Western Ghats(Kerala)

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Varushanadu hills-Western Ghats(TN) Wynad-Western Ghats(Kerala) Agasthyar hills-Western Ghats(TN) Anamalai hills-Western Ghats(TN) Bamboo stump 2926 Bodi hills-Western Ghats(TN) Latex cup 2 Boko (Assam) Log hole 124 Coorg-Western Ghats(Karnataka) Outdoor resting 16 Darjeeling district -WB Reed stump 132 Kolli hills-Eastern Ghats(TN) Tree hole 186 3386 168 Tripteroides (Rachionotomyia) aranoides Feb1986-Nov1991& Jun2010-Apr2013 200-2300 Malapuram-Western Ghats(Kerala) Munnar-Western Ghats(Kerala) Nagerkoil-Western Ghats (TN) Nilgiri hills-Western Ghats(TN) Parambikulam-Western Ghats(Kerala) Theni hills -Western Ghats (TN) Wynad-Western Ghats(Kerala) 169 Tripteroides (Rachionotomyia) serratus Feb1986 Nilgiri hills-Western Ghats(TN) 300-2300 Tree hole 4 4 Andaman&Nicobar islands Coconut shell 4 170 Tripteroides (Tripteroides) indicus Aug-Oct 1993 & Jun2010-Apr2013 Satyamangalam forest Sea level- 1150 Discarded container 24 Tree hole 12 40 171 Tripteroides (Tripteroides) similis Oct,Nov1991 Boko (Assam) 200-650 Outdoor resting 1 1 172 Tripteroides (Tripteroides) tarsalis Oct,Nov1991 Boko (Assam) 200-650 Bamboo stump 13 13 Tribe: Toxorhynchitini Genus Toxorhynchites Nov 2011 173 Toxorhynchites (Toxorhynchites) albipes Anamalai hills-Western Ghats(TN) 600-800 Tree hole 4 4 Andaman&Nicobar islands Tree hole 6 174 Toxorhynchites (Toxorhynchites) edwardsi Aug-Oct 1993 & Nov 2011 -Nove 2014 Sea level Anamalai hills-Western Ghats(TN) Coconut shell 3 9 175 Toxorhynchites (Toxorhynchites) gravelyi Oct,Nov1991 Boko (Assam) 200-650 Bamboo stump 3 3 Coorg-Western Ghats (Karnataka) Tree hole 6 176 Toxorhynchites (Toxorhynchites) kempi May1987-Oct1988 350-1100 Malapuram-Western Ghats(Kerala) Bamboo stump 1 7 Boko (Assam) Bamboo stump 3 Coorg-Western Ghats (Karnataka) Reed stump 1 Malapuram-Western Ghats(Kerala) Tree hole 4 8 177 Toxorhynchites (Toxorhynchites) minimus Feb1986-Nov1991& Jun2010-Nov 2014 Nilgiri hills-Western Ghats(TN) 200-2300 Parambikulam-Western Ghats(Kerala) Srivillipithur-Wewstern Ghats (TN) Varushanadu hills-Western Ghats(TN) Agasthyar hills-Western Ghats(TN) Bamboo stump 295 Anamalai hills-Western Ghats(TN) Cement cistern 3 Alakarkoil hill-Eastern Ghats(TN) Coconut shell 18 Andaman&Nicobar islands Discarded container 5 Coimbatore foot hills Fallen tree 12 Boko (Assam) Leaf axil 2 178 Toxorhynchites (Toxorhynchites) splendens Nov1985-Oct1993& Jun2010-Nov 2014 Coorg-Western Ghats (Karnataka) Sea level-2300 Log hole 9 Malapuram-Western Ghats(Kerala) Rocky pool 110 Nagerkoil-Western Ghats (TN) Tree hole 332 Nilgiri hills-Western Ghats(TN) Mud pot 17 Palani hills-Western Ghats(TN) Tyre 5 808 Parambikulam-Western Ghats(Kerala) Satyamangalam forest

~ 95 ~ International Journal of Mosquito Research

Silent valley-Western Ghats(Kerala) Srivillipithur-Wewstern Ghats (TN) Theni hills -Western Ghats (TN) Tirunelveli Forest (TN) Wynad-Western Ghats(Kerala)

Jalpaiguri distric-West Bengal (WB) Un used Battery 2 179 Toxorhynchites (Toxorhynchites) tyagi Jun 2011 Gudalore- Nilgiri hills-Western Ghats(TN) 2300 Metal container 8 10 Tribe: Uranotaenini Genus Uranotaenia 180 Uranotaenia (Pseudoficalbia) atra Aug-Oct1993 Andaman&Nicobar islands Sea level Outdoor resting 1 1 Anamalai hills-Western Ghats(TN) Bamboo stump 950 Boko (Assam) Mud pool 8 Coimbatore foot hills Rocky pool 1 181 Uranotaenia (Pseudoficalbia) bicolor Jan1986-Nov1991 & Jun2010-Apr2013 Malapuram-Western Ghats(Kerala) 200-1200 Spring slow flowing 2 Nilgiri hills-Western Ghats(TN) Stream slow flowing 9 Parambikulam-Western Ghats(Kerala) Tree hole 37 1007 Wynad-Western Ghats(Kerala) Agasthyar hills-Western Ghats(TN) Bamboo stump 10 Anamalai hills-Western Ghats(TN) Rocky pool 6 182 Uranotaenia (Pseudoficalbia) luteola Nov1985-Sep1990& Jun2010-Apr2013 500-1200 Nilgiri hills-Western Ghats(TN) Grainding stone 4 Outdoor resting 9 29 Coorg-Western Ghats(Karnataka) Bamboo stump 22 183 Uranotaenia (Pseudoficalbia) lutescens May1988-Oct1988 500-900 Parambikulam-Western Ghats(Kerala) Tree hole 1 23 Anamalai hills-Western Ghats(TN) Bamboo stump 2 184 Uranotaenia (Pseudoficalbia) maculipleura Jul-08 600-1200 Tree hole 1 Rocky pool 2 5 185 Uranotaenia (Pseudoficalbia) maxima Sep1985 Andipatti hills-Western Ghats(TN) 650-1500 Outdoor resting 1 1 Anamalai hills-Western Ghats(TN) Bamboo stump 4 Kolli hills-Eastern Ghats(TN) Elephant foot print 5 Nilgiri hills-Western Ghats(TN) Log hole 2 186 Uranotaenia (Pseudoficalbia) novobscura Jan1986-Oct1989 Parambikulam-Western Ghats(Kerala) 300-2300 Outdoor resting 1 Silent valley-Western Ghats(Kerala) Rocky pool 5 Srivillipithur-Wewstern Ghats (TN) Stream slow flowing 1 Wynad-Western Ghats(Kerala) Tree hole 52 70 Andaman&Nicobar islands Discarded container 3 Coorg-Western Ghats (Karnataka) Betel nut leaf 3 187 Uranotaenia (Pseudoficalbia) obscura May1988-Oct1993 Sea level -900 Parambikulam-Western Ghats(Kerala) Mush room 54 Tree hole 5 65 Nilgiri hills-Western Ghats(TN) Crab hole 1 188 Uranotaenia (Pseudoficalbia) ohamai Jul1990 1100-1200 Tree hole 3 4 Coorg-Western Ghats (Karnataka) Bamboo stump 7 Anamalai hills-Western Ghats(TN) Mud pool 1 Malapuram-Western Ghats(Kerala) Outdoor resting 23 189 Uranotaenia (Pseudoficalbia) recondita Oct1985-Oct1989& Jun2010-Apr2013 Nilgiri hills-Western Ghats(TN) 300-1200 Rocky pool 1 Silent valley-Western Ghats(Kerala) Spring slow flowing 6 Srivillipithur-Wewstern Ghats (TN) Stream pool 1 Varushanadu hills-Western Ghats(TN) Tree hole 51 90 Agasthyar hills-Western Ghats(TN) Bamboo stump 1 190 Uranotaenia (Pseudoficalbia) stricklandi Sep1985-Sep1990 & Jun2010-Apr2013 300-2300 Anamalai hills-Western Ghats(TN) Crab hole 84

~ 96 ~ International Journal of Mosquito Research

Andipatti hills-Western Ghats(TN) Outdoor resting 18 Coorg-Western Ghats (Karnataka) Paddy field 2 Nilgiri hills-Western Ghats(TN) Rocky pool 6 Parambikulam-Western Ghats(Kerala) Stream slow flowing 3 Varushanadu hills-Western Ghats(TN) Tree hole 5 119 191 Uranotaenia (Uranotaenia) alboannulata Sep 1990 Nilgiri hills-Western Ghats(TN) 1100-1200 Outdoor resting 3 3 Anamalai hills-Western Ghats(TN) Outdoor resting 1 Bodi hills-Western Ghats(TN) Rocky pool 6 Boko (Assam) Spring slow flowing 113 Coorg -Western Ghats (Karnataka) Stream slow flowing 106 Kolli hills-Eastern Ghats(TN) Tree hole 4 230 192 Uranotaenia (Uranotaenia) annandalei Jan1986-Nov1991 200-2250 Nilgiri hills-Western Ghats(TN) Parambikulam-Western Ghats(Kerala) Silent valley-Western Ghats(Kerala) Srivillipithur-Wewstern Ghats (TN) Tirunelveli Forest (TN) Anamalai hills-Western Ghats(TN) Mud pool 6 Bodi hills-Western Ghats(TN) Outdoor resting 1 Coorg -Western Ghats (Karnataka) River slow flowing 1 Dharmapuri (TN) Rocky pool 6 193 Uranotaenia (Uranotaenia) campestris Oct1985-Nov1990 Kolli hills-Eastern Ghats(TN) 300-2300 Rain water pool 3 Malapuram-Western Ghats(Kerala) Stream slow flowing 54 Nilgiri hills-Western Ghats(TN) Tree hole 4 75 Silent valley-Western Ghats(Kerala) Varushanadu hills-Western Ghats(TN) 194 Uranotaenia (Uranotaenia) edwardsi Oct,Nov1991 Boko (Assam) 200-650 Bamboo stump 6 6 195 Uranotaenia (Uranotaenia) hebes May1988 Parambikulam-Western Ghats(Kerala) 650-900 Outdoor resting 1 1 Andipatti hills-Western Ghats(TN) Bamboo stump 1 Boko (Assam) Outdoor resting 2 Malapuram-Western Ghats(Kerala) Rocky pool 2 Nilgiri hills-Western Ghats(TN) Spring slow flowing 15 196 Uranotaenia (Uranotaenia) orientalis Sep1985-Nov1991 200-2250 Parambikulam-Western Ghats(Kerala) Root hole 3 23 Silent valley-Western Ghats(Kerala) Srivillipithur-Wewstern Ghats (TN) Varushanadu hills-Western Ghats(TN) 197 Uranotaenia (Uranotaenia) testacea Oct,Nov1991 Boko (Assam) 200-650 Outdoor resting 5 5 Total Aug1985-Oct1993 & Jun2010-No 2014 Sea level-2300 91765 91765

Appendix III (a): Summary of immature habitats- Tribe Anophelini (Sub family Anophelinae)

Species / Habitat ank / Iron

tank

Well

Lake

Pond

Sl. No.Sl.

flowing flowing

Log hole

Tree hole

Crab hole

Fallen tree

Borrow pit

Rocky pool

Check dam Manure pit Paddy field

Spring pool

Follow field Spring slow

Stream pool slowStreem

Swamp pool

Plastic drumPlastic

Casuarina pit

Overhead tank

Bamboo stump

Brackish water

Rain water pool

Mud /Sandy pool

Irrigation channel

Cement t

Elephantfoot print 1 An. (Ano.) aitkenii ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● 2 An. (Ano.) barbirostris ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● 3 An. (Ano.) barbumbrosus ● ● ● ● ~ 97 ~ International Journal of Mosquito Research

4 An. (Ano.) bengalensis ● ● ● 5 An. (Ano.) crawfordi ● ● ● ● ● 6 An. (Ano.) culiciformis ● 7 An. (Ano.) gigas ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● 8 An. (Ano.) hodgekini ● 9 An. (Ano.) insulaeflorum ● ● ● ● ● 10 An. (Ano.) interruptus ● ● 11 An. (Ano) lesteri ● 12 An. (Ano.) nigerrimus ● ● ● ● 13 An. (Ano.) nilgiricus ● ● ● ● ● ● ● 14 An. (Ano.) peditaeniatus ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● 15 An. (Ano.) sintoni ● ● 16 An. (Cel.) aconitus ● ● ● 17 An. (Cel.) annularis ● ● ● ● ● ● ● 18 An. (Cel.) baimaii ● ● ● 19 An. (Cel.) culicifacies.s.l. ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● 20 An. (Cel.) dravidicus ● 21 An. (Cel.) elegans ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● 22 An. (Cel.) fluviatilis. s.l. ● ● ● ● ● ● 23 An. (Cel.) jamesii ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● 24 An. (Cel.) jeyporiensis ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● 25 An. (Cel.) karwari ● ● ● ● ● ● ● 26 An. (Cel.) kochi ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● 27 An. (Cel.) maculatus ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● 28 An. (Cel.) majidi ● ● ● ● ● 29 An. (Cel.) minimus s.l ● 30 An. (Cel.) mirans ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● 31 An. (Cel.) moghulensis ● ● ● 32 An. (Cel.) nivipes ● ● ● ● 33 An. (Cel.) pallidus ● ● ● ● ● ● 34 An. (Cel.) philippinensis ● 35 An. (Cel.) pseudosundaicus ● 36 An. (Cel.) pseudowillmorei ● ● ● 37 An. (Cel.) splendidus ● ● ● ● ● ● ● 38 An. (Cel.) stephensi ● 39 An. (Cel.) subpictus s.l ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● 40 An. (Cel.) sundaicus s.l ● 41 An. (Cel.) tessellatus ● ● ● ● 42 An. (Cel.) theobaldi ● ● ● ● ● ● 43 An. (Cel.) vagus ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● 44 An. (Cel.) varuna ● ● ● ● ● ● ● 45 An. (Cel) willmori ● ● ● ●

~ 98 ~ International Journal of Mosquito Research

Appendix III (b): Summary of immature habitats - Tribe Culicinae

ia plant

Species/ Breeding habitat planter

Tyre

Well

Lake

Pond

Canoe

Battery

Mud pot

Log hole

Quary pit Tree hole

Tree base

inding stone

Cess pool Crab hole

Latex cup

Collacasia

Fallen leaf Fallen tree

Pineapple)

Borrow pit

Mushroom

Manurepit

Sintex tank

Paddy field

Rocky pool

Metal drumMetal Spring pool

Check Dam

Fallow field Stream pool

Swamp poolSwamp

Pitch

Flower washFlower Reed stumps

Casuarina pit

Betel net leaf

Plasdic Drum

Coconut shell

Papaya stump

Banana stump

Overhead tank

Bromel Gr

Brackish water Cement cistern

Bamboo stump

Wild shell fruit

Bamboo sheath

Metal containerMetal

Rain water pool

Banana axil leaf

Plastic container

(Plastic & Metal)

Irrigation channel

MudSandy / pool

Plastic roofshelter

Elephant foot print

Discarded container

Spring slow flowing

Stream slow flowing

Leaf axils (Banana &

Cement tank/Iron tank Genus Aedeomyia Ad. (Ady.) catasticta ● ● 2 Genus Aedimorphus Am.alboscutellatus ● ● ● ● 4 Am.caecus ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● 13 Am.culicinus* 0 Am. jamesi ● ● ● ● 4 Am.lowisii* 0 Am.nigrostriatus* 0 Am.pallidostriatus ● Am.pipersalatus ● 1 Am.stenoetrus ● Am.syntheticus ● ● 2 Am.vexans ● ● 2 Genus Armigeres Ar.(Arm.) aureolineatus ● ● ● ● 4 Ar. (Arm.) durhami ● ● 2 Ar. (Arm.) joloensis ● 1 Ar. (Arm.) kuchingensis ● ● 2 Ar. (Arm.) subalbatus ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● 19 Ar.(Lei.) digitatus ● 1 Ar.(Lei.) flavus ● ● ● ● ● ● 6 Ar.(Lei.) inchoatus* 0 Ar.(Lei.) longipalpis ● 1 Ar.(Lei.) magnus ● ● 2 Ar.(Lei.) omissus ● ● 2 Genus Bruceharrisonius Br.aureostriatus ● ● ● ● 4 Br.greenii ● ● 2 Genus Cancraedes Ca.cancricomes* 0 Ca.simplex* 0 Genus Christophersiomyia Cr. annulirostris ● ● ● ● 4 Cr. gombakensis ● 1 Cr. thomsoni ● ● ● ● 4 Genus Collessius Co. (Alo.) pseudotaeniatus ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● 20 Genus Danielsia Dn.albotaeniata ● ● ● 3 ~ 99 ~ International Journal of Mosquito Research

Genus Dendroskusea Ds. kanarensis ● 1 Ds. reginae ● 1 Genus Downsiomyia Do.albolateralis ● ● 2 Do.nivea ● ● ● ● 4 Genus Fredwardsius Fr. vittatus ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● 13 Genus Heizmannia Hz.(Hez.) chandi ● ● ● 3 Hz.(Hez.) covelli* 0 Hz.(Hez.) greenii ● ● 2 Hz.(Hez.) indica ● ● ● 3 Hz.(Hez.) metallica ● ● ● 3 Hz.(Hez.) reidi* 0 Hz.(Mat.) discrepans ● ● ● ● ● 5 Genus Hopkinsius Hk.(Yam.) albocinctus ● 1 Genus Hulecoeteomyia Hl. chrysolineatus ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● 21 Hl. harveyi ● ● ● ● 4 Hl. pallirostris ● ● ● 3 Hl. saxicola* 0 Genus Kenknightia Ke. dissimilis ● 1 Genus Lorrainea Lo. amesii* 0 Lo. fumida ● ● 2 Genus Mucidus Mu.(Muc.) scatophagoides ● 1 Genus Neomelaniconion Ne. Lineatopenne* 0 Genus Paraedes Pr. barraudi ● 1 Pr. menoni ● ● ● 3 Genus Phagomyia Ph. Cacharana ● ● 2 Ph. cogilli ● ● ● ● 4 Ph. deccana ● 1 Ph. gubernatoris ● ● ● 3 Ph. inquinata ● 1 Ph. khazani ● 1 Ph. prominens ● ● 2 Genus Rhinoskusea Rh. portonovoensis ● ● ● 3 Genus Scutomyia Sc. albolineata ● ● 2 Genus Stegomyia St.(Act.) edwardsi ● ● 2 St.(Het.) annandalei ● ● 2

~ 100 ~ International Journal of Mosquito Research

St.(Het.) craggi ● ● 2 St.(Hua.) mediopunctata ● 1 St.(Hua.) perplexa ● 1 St.(Stg.) aegypti ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● 10 St.(Xye.) desmotes* 0 St.albopicta ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● 28 St.flavopicta ● 1 St.gardnerii imitator* 0 St.krombeini ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● 9 St.malayensis ● ● ● ● ● 5 St.novalbopicta ● ● 2 St.pseudoalbopicta ● ● ● ● 4 St.scutellaris ● ● ● ● ● ● St.subalbopicta ● ● ● 3 St.unilineata* 0 St.w-alba ● ● ● ● 4 Genus Tewarius Te. agastyai ● ● 2 Te. reubenae ● 1 Genus Verrallina Ve.(Nma.) agrestis ● ● ● 3 Ve. (Nma.) andamanensis ● ● 2 Ve.(Nma.) assamensis ● 1 Ve. (Nma.) cauta ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● 8 Ve. (Nma.) indica* 0 Ve. (Nma.) pseudomediofasciata ● ● 2 Ve. (Ver.) butleri* 0 Ve. (Ver.) dux ● ● 2 Ve. (Ver.) lugubris ● 1 Genus Culex Cx. (Cux.) alienus ● 1 Cx. (Cux.) barraudi ● ● ● ● 4 Cx. (Cux.) edwardsi ● ● ● ● ● ● 6 Cx. (Cux.) fuscocephala ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● 14 Cx. (Cux.) gelidus ● ● ● ● ● 5 Cx. (Cux.) jacksoni ● ● ● ● 4 Cx. (Cux.) mimeticus ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● 15 Cx. (Cux.) mimuloides ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● 11 Cx. (Cux.) mimulus ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● 22 Cx. (Cux.) murrelli ● ● ● ● ● 5 Cx. (Cux.) nilgiricus ● ● ● ● ● 5 Cx. (Cux.) pseudovishnui ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● 14 Cx. (Cux.) quinquefasciatus ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● 18 Cx. (Cux.) sitiens ● ● ● ● 4 Cx. (Cux.) tritaeniorhynchus ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● 15 Cx. (Cux.) vagans ● 1 Cx. (Cux.) vishnui ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● 11 Cx. (Cux.) whitei ● 1 Cx. (Cux.) whitmorei ● ● ● ● ● ● ● 7 Cx. (Cui.) bailyi ● ● 2

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Cx. (Cui.) fragilis ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● 10 Cx. (Cui.) nigropunctatus ● ● ● ● ● ● ● 7 Cx. (Cui.) pallidothorax ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● 28 Cx. (Cui.) spathifurca ● 1 Cx. (Eum.) brevipalpis ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● 10 Cx. (Eum.) castrensis ● ● ● ● 4 Cx. (Eum.) foliatus ● ● 2 Cx. (Eum.) khazani ● ● ● ● ● 5 Cx. (Eum.) iphis ● Cx. (Eum.) malayi ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● 12 Cx. (Eum.) mohani ● ● ● 3 Cx. (Eum.) pluvialis ● ● ● ● ● 5 Cx. (Lop.) bengalensis ● ● 2 Cx. (Lop.) bicornutus ● 1 Cx. (Lop.) cinctellus* 0 Cx. (Lop.) flavicornis ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● 9 Cx. (Lop.) infantulus ● ● ● ● ● ● 6 Cx. (Lop.) lasiopalpis ● 1 Cx. (Lop.) mammilifer ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● 10 Cx. (Lop.) minor ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● 18 Cx. (Lop.) minutissimus ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● 10 Cx. (Lop.) peytoni ● 1 Cx. (Lop.) pholeter ● ● 2 Cx. (Lop.) raghavanii ● ● 2 Cx. (Lop.) rubithoracis ● ● 2 Cx. (Lop.) uniformis ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● 15 Cx. (Lop.) variatus* 0 Cx. (Lop.) wilfredi ● 1 Cx.(Ocu.) bitaeniorhynchus ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● 10 Cx. (Ocu.) cornutus* 0 Cx. (Ocu.) epidesmus* 0 Cx.(Ocu.) infula ● ● ● ● ● ● ● 7 Cx. (Ocu.) luzonensis ● ● 2 Genus Lutzia Lt. (Mlt.) fuscana ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● 14 Lt. (Mlt.) halifaxii ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● 11 Lt. (Mlt.) vorax ● ● ● ● 4 Lt. (Mlt.) raptor ● Genus Ficalbia Fi. minima ● ● 2 Genus Mimomyia Mi.(Eto.) luzonensis ● ● 2 Mi.(Ing.) fusca ● 1 Mi.(Mim.) chamberlaini ● 1 Mi.(Mim.) intermedia ● 1 Genus Hodgesia Ho. bailyi ● ● ● ● ● 5 Genus Coquillettidia Cq.(Coq.) crassipes* 0

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Genus Mansonia Ma. (Mnd.) annulifera ● 1 Ma. (Mnd.) indiana ● 1 Ma. (Mnd.) uniformis ● 1 Genus Orthopodomyia Or.albipes ● 1 Or.anopheloides ● ● ● ● ● ● 6 Or. flavicosta ● 1 Or. flavithorax ● ● 2 Genus Malaya Ml.genurostris ● ● ● ● 4 Ml.jacobsoni ● 1 Genus Topomyia To. (Top.) aureoventer* 0 Genus Tripteroides Tp. (Rah.) affinis ● ● ● ● 4 Tp. (Rah.) aranoides ● ● ● ● ● 5 Tp.(Rah.) serratus ● 1 Tp. (Trp.) indicus ● ● ● 3 Tp. (Trp.) similis* 0 Tp. (Trp.) tarsalis ● 1 Genus Toxorhynchites Tx. (Tox.) albipes ● 1 Tx. (Tox.) edwardsi ● ● 2 Tx.(Tox.) gravelyi ● 1 Tx. (Tox.) kempi ● ● 2 Tx. (Tox.) minimus ● ● ● 3 Tx. (Tox.) splendens ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● 10 Tx. (Tox.) tyagii ● ● 2 Genus Uranotaenia Ur. (Pfc.) atra* 0 Ur. (Pfc.) bicolor ● ● ● ● ● ● ● 7 Ur. (Pfc.) luteola ● 1 Ur. (Pfc.) lutescens ● ● 2 Ur. (Pfc.) maxima* 0 Ur. (Pfc.) novobscura ● ● ● ● ● ● 6 Ur. (Pfc.) obscura ● ● ● ● ● 5 Ur. (Pfc.) ohamai ● ● 2 Ur. (Pfc.) recondita ● ● ● ● ● ● 6 Ur. (Pfc.) stricklandi ● ● ● ● ● ● 6 Ur. (Ura.) alboannulata* 0 Ur. (Ura.) annandalei ● ● ● ● ● ● ● 7 Ur. (Ura.) campestris ● ● ● ● ● 5 Ur. (Ura.) edwardsi ● 1 Ur. (Ura.) hebes* 0 Ur. (Ura.) orientalis ● ● ● ● 4 Ur. (Ura.) testacea* 0 * Adult collection only

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Appendix IV: Mosquitoe fauna in CRME Museum at a galance

Tribe / Genus Sub Genus Species Nos. Tribe: Anophelini aitkenii, barbirostris, barbumbrosus, bengalensis, crawfordi, culiciformis, gigas, hodgkini, insulaeflorum, Anopheles 15 interruptus, lesteri, nigerrimus, nilgiricus, peditaeniatus, sintoni. aconitus, annularis, baimaii, culicifacies, dravidicus, elegans, fluviatilis, jamesii, jeyporiensis, Genus: Anopheles karwari, kochi, maculatus, majidi, minimus, mirans, moghulensis, nivipes, Cellia 30 pallidus, philippinensis, pseudosundaicus,pseudowillmori, splendidus, stephensi, subpictus, sundaicus, tessellatus, theobaldi, vagus, varuna, willmori Tribe: Aedeomyiini Aedeomyia catasticta. 1 Genus:Aedeomyia Tribe: Aedini alboscutellatus, caecus, culicinus, jamesi, lowisii, nigrostriatus, pallidostriatus,pipersalatus, 11 Genus:Aedimorphus stenoetrus, syntheticus, vexans. Armigeres aureolineatus,durhami, joloensis, kuchingensis, subalbatus. 5 Genus:Armigeres Leicesteria digitatus, flavus, inchoatus, longipalpis, magnus, omissus. 6 Genus:Bruceharrisonius aureostriatus, greenii. 2 Genus:Cancraedes cancricomes,simplex. 2 Genus:Christophersiomyia annulirostris,gombakensis, thomsoni. 3 Genus:Collessius Alloeomyia pseudotaeniatus 1 Genus:Danielsia albotaeniata 1 Genus:Dendroskusea kanarensis, reginae 2 Genus:Downsiomyia albolateralis,nivea 2 Genus:Fredwardsius vittatus. 1 Heizmannia chandi, covelli, greenii, indica, reidi. 5 Genus:Heizmannia Mattinglyia discrepans. 1 Genus:Hopkinsius Yamada albocinctus 1 Genus:Hulecoeteomyia chrysolineata, harveyi, pallirostris, saxicola. 4 Genus:Kenknightia dissimilis. 1 Genus:Lorrainea amesii, fumida. 2 Genus:Mucidus Mucidus scatophagoides. 1 Genus:Neomelaniconion lineatopenne. 1 Genus:Paraedes barraudi, menoni. 2 Genus:Phagomyia cacharana, cogilli, deccana, gubernatoris, inquinata, khazani, prominens 7 Genus:Rhinoskusea portonovoensis. 1 Genus:Scutomyia albolineata. 1 Actinothrix edwardsi 1 Heteraspidion annandalei, craggi 2 Huangmyia mediopunctata, perplexa 2 Genus:Stegomyia Stegomyia aegypti 1 Xyele desmotes 1 albopicta, flavopicta,gardnerii imitator, krombeini, malayensis, novalbopicta, pseudalbopicta, 11 scutellaris,subalbopicta, unilineata, w-alba Genus:Tewarius agastyai, reubenae. 2 Neomacleaya agrestis, andamanensis, assamensis, cauta, indica, pseudomediofasciata 6 Genus:Verrallina Verrallina butleri, dux, lugubris. 3 Tribe: Culicini alienus, barraudi, edwardsi, fuscocephala, gelidus, jacksoni, mimeticus, mimuloides, mimulus, murrelli, Culex 19 nilgiricus, pseudovishnui, quinquefasciatus, sitiens, tritaeniorhynchus, vagans, vishnui, whitei, whitmorei. Culiciomyia bailyi, fragilis, nigropunctatus, pallidothorax, spathifurca. 5 Eumelanomyia brevipalpis, castrensis, foliatus, khazani, iphis, malayi, mohani, pluvialis. 8 Genus:Culex bengalensis, bicornutus, cinctellus, flavicornis, infantulus, lasiopalpis, mammilifer, minor, minutissimus, Lophoceraomyia 16 peytoni, pholeter, raghavanii, rubithoracis, uniformis, variatus, wilfredi. Oculeomyia bitaeniorhynchus, cornutus, epidesmus, infula, luzonensis, 5 Genus:Lutzia Metalutzia fuscana, halifaxii,vorax. 3 Tribe: Ficalbiini minima 1 Genus:Ficalbia Etorleptiomyia luzonensis. 1 Genus:Mimomyia Ingramia fusca. 1 Mimomyia chamberlaini, intermidia. 2 Tribe: Hodgesiini bailyi. 1 Genus:Hodgesia Tribe: Mansoniini Coquillettidia crassipes. 1 Genus:Coquillettidia Genus:Mansonia Mansonioides annulifera, indiana, uniformis. 3 Tribe: Orthopodomyiini albipes, anopheloides,flavicosta, flavithorax. 4 Genus:Orthopodomyia Tribe: Sabethini genurostris, jacobsoni. 2 Genus:Malaya Genus:Topomyia Topomyia aureoventer. 1 Rachionotomyia affinis, aranoides, serratus. 3 Genus:Tripteroides Tripteroides indicus, similis, tarsalis. 3 Tribe: Toxorhynchitini Toxorhynchites albipes,edwardsi, gravelyi, kempi, minimus, splendens, tyagii 7 Genus:Toxorhynchites Tribe: Uranotaeniini atra, bicolor, luteola, lutescens, maculipleura, maxima, novobscura, obscura, ohamai, recondita, Pseudoficalbia 11 stricklandi. Genus:Uranotaenia Uranotaenia alboannulata, annandalei, campestris, edwardsi, hebes, orientalis, testacea. 7 39 34 242

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Table 3: Distribution of mosquito taxa, in world, India, and CRME Museum, under different subfamilies, tribes, and genera (Ralph Harbach, upto Dec - 2014)

World India CRME Museum Subfamily Tribes No. of Genera No. of species No. of Genera No. of species No. of Genera No. of species Anophelinae 3 482 1 63 1 45 Aedeomyiini 1 7 1 2 1 1 Aedini 81 1254 34 175 24 92 Culicini 4 796 2 85 2 56 Culisetini 1 37 1 3 0 0 Ficalbiini 2 53 2 7 2 5 Culicinae Hodgesiini 1 11 1 2 1 1 Mansoniini 2 82 2 7 2 4 Orthopodomyiini 1 36 1 5 1 4 Sabethini 14 429 3 16 3 9 Toxorhynchitini 1 89 1 9 1 7 Uranotaeniini 1 267 1 29 1 18 2 11 112 3543 50 403 39 242

Table 4: List of the mosquito species in the CRME Museum 40. Anopheles (Cellia) sundaicus (Rodenwaldt, 1925) 41. Anopheles (Cellia) tessellatus Theobald, 1901 Subfamily Anophelinae Grassi, 1900 42. Anopheles (Cellia) theobaldi Giles, 1901 Genus Anopheles Meigen 1818 43. Anopheles (Cellia) vagus Doenitz, 1902 1. Anopheles (Anopheles) aitkenii James, 1903 44. Anopheles (Cellia) varuna Iyengar, 1924 2. Anopheles (Anopheles) barbirostris Van der Wulp, 1884 45. Anopheles (Cellia) willmori (James, 1903) 3. Anopheles (Anopheles) barbumbrosus Strickland and Chowdhury, 1927 Subfamily Culicinae Meigen, 1818 4. Anopheles (Anopheles) bengalensis Puri, 1930 Tribe Aedeomyiini Theobald, 1901 5. Anopheles (Anopheles) crawfordi Reid, 1953 Genus Aedeomyia Theobald, 1901 6. Anopheles (Anopheles) culiciformis Cogill, 1903 46. Aedeomyia (Aedeomyia) catasticta Knab, 1909 7. Anopheles (Anopheles) gigas Giles, 1901 8. Anopheles (Anopheles) hodgkini Reid, 1962 Tribe Aedini Neveu-lemaire, 1902 9. Anopheles (Anopheles) insulaeflorum (Swellengrebel and Genus Aedimorphus Theobald, 1903 Swellengrebel de Graaf, 1920) 47. Aedimorphus alboscutellatus (Theobald, 1905) 10. Anopheles (Anopheles) interruptus Puri, 1929 48. Aedimorphus caecus (Theobald, 1901) 11. Anopheles (Anopheles) lesteri Baisas and Hu, 1936 49. Aedimorphus culicinus Edwards, 1922 12. Anopheles (Anopheles) nigerrimus Giles, 1900 50. Aedimorphus jamesi (Edwards, 1914) 13. Anopheles (Anopheles) nilgiricus Christophers, 1924 51. Aedimorphus lowisii (Theobald, 1910) 14. Anopheles (Anopheles) peditaeniatus (Leicester, 1908) 52. Aedimorphus nigrostriatus Barraud, 1927 15. Anopheles (Anopheles) sintoni Puri, 1929 53. Aedimorphus pallidostriatus (Theobald, 1907) 16. Anopheles (Cellia) aconitus Doenitz, 1902 54. Aedimorphus pipersalatus (Giles, 1902) 17. Anopheles (Cellia) annularis Van der Wulp, 1884 55. Aedimorphus stenoetrus (Theobald, 1907) 18. Anopheles (Cellia) baimaii Sallum and Peyton, 2005 56. Aedimorphus syntheticus (Barraud, 1928) 19. Anopheles (Cellia) culicifacies Giles, 1901 57. Aedimorphus vexans (Meigen, 1830) 20. Anopheles (Cellia) dravidicus Christophers, 1924 21. Anopheles (Cellia) elegans (James, 1903) Genus Armigeres Theobald, 1901 22. Anopheles (Cellia) fluviatilis James, 1902 58. Armigeres (Armigeres) aureolineatus (Leicester, 1908) 23. Anopheles (Cellia) jamesii Theobald, 1901 59. Armigeres (Armigeres) durhami (Edwards, 1917) 24. Anopheles (Cellia) jeyporiensis James, 1902 60. Armigeres (Armigeres) joloensis (Ludlow, 1904) 25. Anopheles (Cellia) karwari (James, 1903) 61. Armigeres (Armigeres) kuchingensis Edwards, 1915 26. Anopheles (Cellia) kochi Doenitz, 1901 62. Armigeres (Armigeres) subalbatus (Coquillett, 1898) 27. Anopheles (Cellia) maculatus Theobald, 1901 63. Armigeres (Leicesteria) digitatus (Edwards, 1914) 28. Anopheles (Cellia) majidi Young and Majid, 1928 64. Armigeres (Leicesteria) flavus (Leicester, 1908) 29. Anopheles (Cellia) minimus Theobald, 1901 65. Armigeres (Leicesteria) inchoatus Barraud, 1927 30. Anopheles (Cellia) mirans Sallum and Peyton, 2005 66. Armigeres (Leicesteria) longipalpis (Leicester, 1904) 31. Anopheles (Cellia) moghulensis Christophers, 1924 67. Armigeres (Leicesteria) magnus (Theobald, 1908) 32. Anopheles (Cellia) nivipes (Theobald, 1903) 68. Armigeres (Leicesteria) omissus (Edwards, 1914) 33. Anopheles (Cellia) pallidus Theobald, 1901 34. Anopheles (Cellia) philippinensis Ludlow, 1902 Genus Bruceharrisonius Reinert, 2003 35. Anopheles (Cellia) pseudosundaicus Tyagi et al., 2009 69. Bruceharrisonius aureostriatus (Doleschall, 1857) 36. Anopheles (Cellia) pseudowillmori (Theobald, 1910) 70. Bruceharrisonius greenii (Theobald, 1903) 37. Anopheles (Cellia) splendidus Koidzumi, 1920 38. Anopheles (Cellia) stephensi Liston, 1901 Genus Cancraedes Edwards, 1929 39. Anopheles (Cellia) subpictus Grassi, 1899 71. Cancraedes cancricomes (Edwards, 1922)

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72. Cancraedes simplex (Theobald, 1903) 106. Phagomyia khazani (Edwards, 1922) 107. Phagomyia prominens (Barraud, 1923) Genus Christophersiomyia Barraud, 1923 Genus Rhinoskusea Edwards, 1929 73. Christophersiomyia annulirostris (Theobald, 1905) 108. Rhinoskusea portonovoensis (Tewari and Hiriyan, 1992) 74. Christophersiomyia gombakensis (Mattingly, 1959) 75. Christophersiomyia thomsoni (Theobald, 1905) Genus Scutomyia Theobald, 1904 109. Scutomyia albolineata Theobald, 1904 Genus Collessius Reinert, Harbach & Kitching 2006 76. Collessius (Alloeomyia) pseudotaeniatus (Giles, 1901) Genus Stegomyia Theobald, 1901 (see note 32) 110. Stegomyia (Actinothrix) edwardsi Barraud, 1923 Genus Danielsia Theobald 1904 111. Stegomyia (Heteraspidion) annandalei Theobald, 1910 77. Danielsia albotaeniata Leicester, 1904 112. Stegomyia (Heteraspidion) craggi Barraud, 1923 113. Stegomyia (Huangmyia) mediopunctata Theobald, 1905 Genus Dendroskusea Edwards, 1929 114. Stegomyia (Huangmyia) perplexa Leicester, 1908 78. Dendroskusea kanarensis (Edwards, 1934) 115. Stegomyia (Stegomyia) aegypti (Linnaeus, 1762) 79. Dendroskusea reginae (Edwards, 1922) 116. Stegomyia (Xyele) desmotes Giles, 1904 117. Stegomyia albopicta (Skuse, 1895) Genus Downsiomyia Vargas, 1950 118. Stegomyia flavopicta (Yamada, 1921) 80. Downsiomyia albolateralis (Theobald, 1908) 119. Stegomyia gardnerii imitator Leicester, 1908 81. Downsiomyia nivea (Ludlow, 1903) 120. Stegomyia krombeini (Huang, 1975) 121. Stegomyia malayensis (Colless, 1962) Genus Fredwardsius Reinert, 2000 122. Stegomyia novalbopicta (Barraud, 1931) 82. Fredwardsius vittatus (Bigot, 1861) 123. Stegomyia pseudalbopicta Borel, 1928 124. Stegomyia scutellaris (Walker, 1858) Genus Heizmannia Ludlow, 1905 125. Stegomyia subalbopicta (Barraud, 1931) 83. Heizmannia (Heizmannia) chandi Edwards, 1922 126. Stegomyia unilineata (Theobald, 1906) 84. Heizmannia (Heizmannia) covelli Barraud, 1929 127. Stegomyia w-alba Theobald, 1905 85. Heizmannia (Heizmannia) greenii (Theobald, 1905) 86. Heizmannia (Heizmannia) indica (Theobald, 1905) Genus Tewarius Reinert, 2006 (see note 33) 87. Heizmannia (Heizmannia) reidi Mattingly, 1957 128. Tewarius agastyai (Tewari & Hiriyan, 1992) 88. Heizmannia (Mattinglyia) discrepans (Edwards, 1922) 129. Tewarius reubenae (Tewari & Hiriyan, 1992)

Genus Hopkinsius Reinert, Harbach & Kitching, 2008 Genus Verrallina Theobald, 1903 89. Hopkinsius (Yamada) albocinctus (Barraud, 1924) 130. Verrallina (Neomacleaya) agrestis (Barraud, 1931) 131. Verrallina (Neomacleaya) andamanensis (Edwards, 1922) Genus Hulecoeteomyia Theobald, 1904 132. Verrallina (Neomacleaya) assamensis Bhattacharyya, 90. Hulecoeteomyia chrysolineata (Theobald, 1907) Tewari, Prakesh, Mohapatra and Mahanta, 2004 91. Hulecoeteomyia harveyi (Barraud, 1923) 133. Verrallina (Neomacleaya) cauta (Barraud, 1928) 92. Hulecoeteomyia pallirostris (Edwards, 1922) 134. Verrallina (Neomacleaya) indica (Theobald, 1907) 93. Hulecoeteomyia saxicola (Edwards, 1922) 135. Verrallina (Neomacleaya) pseudomediofasciata (Theobald, 1910) Genus Kenknightia Reinert, 1990 136. Verrallina (Verrallina) butleri (Theobald, 1901) 94. Kenknightia dissimilis (Leicester, 1908) 137. Verrallina (Verrallina) dux (Dyar & Shannon, 1925) 138. Verrallina (Verrallina) lugubris (Barraud, 1928) Genus Lorrainea Belkin, 1962 95. Lorrainea amesii (Ludlow, 1903) Tribe Culicini Meigen, 1818 96. Lorrainea fumida (Edwards, 1928) Genus Culex Linnaeus, 1758 139. Culex (Culex) alienus Colless, 1957 Genus Mucidus Theobald, 1901 140. Culex (Culex) barraudi Edwards, 1922 97. Mucidus (Mucidus) scatophagoides Theobald, 1901 141. Culex (Culex) edwardsi Barraud, 1923 142. Culex (Culex) fuscocephala Theobald, 1907 Genus Neomelaniconion Newstead, 1907 143. Culex (Culex) gelidus Theobald, 1901 98. Neomelaniconion lineatopenne (Ludlow, 1905) 144. Culex (Culex) jacksoni Edwards, 1934 145. Culex (Culex) mimeticus Noe, 1899 Genus Paraedes Edwards, 1934 146. Culex (Culex) mimuloides Barraud, 1924 99. Paraedes barraudi Edwards, 1934 147. Culex (Culex) mimulus Edwards, 1915 100. Paraedes menoni (Mattingly, 1958) 148. Culex (Culex) murrelli Lien, 1968 149. Culex (Culex) nilgiricus Edwards, 1916 Genus Phagomyia Theobald 1905 150. Culex (Culex) pseudovishnui Colless, 1957 101. Phagomyia cacharana (Barraud, 1923) 151. Culex (Culex) quinquefasciatus Say, 1823 102. Phagomyia cogilli (Edwards, 1922) 152. Culex (Culex) sitiens Wiedemann, 1828 103. Phagomyia deccana (Barraud, 1923) 153. Culex (Culex) tritaeniorhynchus Giles, 1901 104. Phagomyia gubernatoris (Giles, 1901) 154. Culex (Culex) vagans Wiedemann, 1828 105. Phagomyia inquinata (Edwards, 1922) 155. Culex (Culex) vishnui Theobald, 1901 ~ 106 ~ International Journal of Mosquito Research

156. Culex (Culex) whitei Barraud, 1923 Genus Mansonia Blanchard, 1901 157. Culex (Culex) whitmorei (Giles, 1904) 202. Mansonia (Mansonioides) annulifera (Theobald, 1901) 158. Culex (Culiciomyia) bailyi Barraud, 1934 203. Mansonia (Mansonioides) indiana Edwards, 1930 159. Culex (Culiciomyia) fragilis Ludlow, 1903 204. Mansonia (Mansonioides) uniformis (Theobald, 1901) 160. Culex (Culiciomyia) nigropunctatus Edwards, 1926 161. Culex (Culiciomyia) pallidothorax Theobald, 1905 Tribe Orthopodomyiini Belkin, Heinemann & Page, 1970 162. Culex (Culiciomyia) spathifurca (Edwards, 1915) Genus Orthopodomyia Theobald, 1904 163. Culex (Eumelanomyia) brevipalpis (Giles, 1902) 205. Orthopodomyia albipes Leicester, 1904 164. Culex (Eumelanomyia) castrensis Edwards, 1922 206. Orthopodomyia anopheloides (Giles, 1903) 165. Culex (Eumelanomyia) foliatus Brug, 1932 207. Orthopodomyia flavicosta Barraud, 1927 166. Culex (Eumelanomyia) iphis Barraud, 1924 208. Orthopodomyia flavithorax Barraud, 1927 167. Culex (Eumelanomyia) khazani Edwards, 1922 168. Culex (Eumelanomyia) malayi (Leicester, 1908) Tribe Sabethini Blanchard, 1905 169. Culex (Eumelanomyia) mohani Sirivanakarn, 1977 Genus Malaya Leicester, 1908 170. Culex (Eumelanomyia) pluvialis Barraud, 1924 209. Malaya genurostris Leicester, 1908 171. Culex (Lophoceraomyia) bengalensis Barraud, 1934 210. Malaya jacobsoni (Edwards, 1930) 172. Culex (Lophoceraomyia) bicornutus Theobald, 1910 173. Culex (Lophoceraomyia) cinctellus Edwards, 1922 Genus Topomyia Leicester, 1908 174. Culex (Lophoceraomyia) flavicornis Barraud, 1924 211. Topomyia (Topomyia) aureoventer (Theobald, 1910) 175. Culex (Lophoceraomyia) infantulus Edwards, 1922 176. Culex (Lophoceraomyia) lasiopalpis Sirivanakarn, 1977 Genus Tripteroides Giles, 1904 177. Culex (Lophoceraomyia) mammilifer (Leicester, 1908) 212. Tripteroides (Rachionotomyia) affinis (Edwards, 1913) 178. Culex (Lophoceraomyia) minor (Leicester, 1908) 213. Tripteroides (Rachionotomyia) aranoides (Theobald, 179. Culex (Lophoceraomyia) minutissimus (Theobald, 1907) 1901) 180. Culex (Lophoceraomyia) peytoni Bram and 214. Tripteroides (Rachionotomyia) serratus (Barraud, 1929) Rattanarithikul, 1967 215. Tripteroides (Tripteroides) indicus (Barraud, 1929) 181. Culex (Lophoceraomyia) pholeter Bram and 216. Tripteroides (Tripteroides) similis (Leicester, 1908) Rattanarithikul, 1967 217. Tripteroides (Tripteroides) tarsalis Delfinado and Hodges, 182. Culex (Lophoceraomyia) raghavanii Rahman, Chowdhury 1968 and Kalra, 1968 183. Culex (Lophoceraomyia) rubithoracis (Leicester, 1908) Tribe Toxorhynchitini Lahille 1904 184. Culex (Lophoceraomyia) uniformis (Theobald, 1905) Genus Toxorhynchites Theobald, 1901 185. Culex (Lophoceraomyia) variatus (Leicester, 1908) 218. Toxorhynchites (Toxorhynchites) albipes (Edwards, 1922) 186. Culex (Lophoceraomyia) wilfredi Colless, 1965 219. Toxorhynchites (Toxorhynchites) edwardsi (Barraud, 187. Culex (Oculeomyia) bitaeniorhynchus Giles, 1901 1924) 188. Culex (Oculeomyia) cornutus Edwards, 1922 220. Toxorhynchites (Toxorhynchites) gravelyi (Edwards, 1921) 189. Culex (Oculeomyia) epidesmus (Theobald, 1910) 221. Toxorhynchites (Toxorhynchites) kempi (Edwards, 1921) 190. Culex (Oculeomyia) infula Theobald, 1901 222. Toxorhynchites (Toxorhynchites) minimus (Theobald, 191. Culex (Oculeomyia) luzonensis Sirivanakarn, 1976 1905) 223. Toxorhynchites (Toxorhynchites) splendens (Wiedemann, Genus Lutzia Theobald, 1903 1819) 192. Lutzia (Metalutzia) fuscana Wiedemann, 1820 224. Toxorhynchites (Toxorhynchites) tyagii Krishanamoorthy 193. Lutzia (Metalutzia) halifaxii Theobald, 1903 et al., 2013 194. Lutzia (Metalutzia) vorax Edwards, 1921 Tribe Uranotaeniini Lahille, 1904 Tribe Ficalbiini Belkin, 1962 Genus Uranotaenia Genus Ficalbia Theobald, 1903 225. Uranotaenia (Pseudoficalbia) atra Theobald, 1905 195. Ficalbia minima (Theobald, 1901) 226. Uranotaenia (Pseudoficalbia) bicolor Leicester, 1908 227. Uranotaenia (Pseudoficalbia) luteola Edwards, 1934 Genus Mimomyia Theobald, 1903 228. Uranotaenia (Pseudoficalbia) lutescens Leicester, 1908 196. Mimomyia (Etorleptiomyia) luzonensis (Ludlow, 1905) 229. Uranotaenia (Pseudoficalbia) maculipleura Leicester, 197. Mimomyia (Ingramia) fusca (Leicester, 1908) 1908 198. Mimomyia (Mimomyia) chamberlaini Ludlow, 1904 230. Uranotaenia (Pseudoficalbia) maxima Leicester, 1908 199. Mimomyia (Mimomyia) intermedia (Barraud, 1929) 231. Uranotaenia (Pseudoficalbia) novobscura Barraud, 1934 232. Uranotaenia (Pseudoficalbia) obscura Edwards, 1915 Tribe Hodgesiini Belkin, 1962 233. Uranotaenia (Pseudoficalbia) ohamai Tanaka, Mizusawa Genus Hodgesia Theobald, 1904 and Saugstad, 1975 200. Hodgesia bailyi Barraud, 1929 234. Uranotaenia (Pseudoficalbia) recondita Edwards, 1922 235. Uranotaenia (Pseudoficalbia) stricklandi Barraud, 1926 Tribe Mansoniini Belkin, 1962 236. Uranotaenia (Uranotaenia) alboannulata (Theobald, Genus Coquillettidia Dyar, 1905 1905) 201. Coquillettidia (Coquillettidia) crassipes (Van der Wulp, 237. Uranotaenia (Uranotaenia) annandalei Barraud, 1926 1881) 238. Uranotaenia (Uranotaenia) campestris Leicester, 1908 239. Uranotaenia (Uranotaenia) edwardsi Barraud, 1926 ~ 107 ~ International Journal of Mosquito Research

240. Uranotaenia (Uranotaenia) hebes Barraud, 1931 mirans was previously misidentified as An. elegans, which 241. Uranotaenia (Uranotaenia) orientalis Barraud, 1926 was reported as vector of simian malaria from foothills of 242. Uranotaenia (Uranotaenia) testacea Theobald, 1905 Western Ghats, southern India. 6. Anopheles maculatus Group: Christophers (1931) [96] Annotations on species of taxonomic importance described An. maculatus, keeping psuedowillmori, (a) Anophelines dravidicus and willmori as synonyms/varieties. Altogether 63 anopheline species have been reported in India Rattanarithikul and Green (1987) [54] reviewed the whole (Christophers, 1933 [8]; Rao, 1984 [56]; Nagpal & Sharma 1995 group and the three synonyms were elevated to species [40]; Tyagi 2004a) [86]. Of these only seven are considered status, viz., pseudowillmori, willmori and dravidicus. primary vectors of malaria, while four others are of secondary importance. In our surveys, we collected all the seven vector (b) Culicines species of malaria. Overall 17,401 specimens were examined In India altogether 340 Culicine species have been under the genus Anopheles and determined 15 species reported. Some of these are potential vectors of JE, belonging to subgenus Anopheles and 30 species to subgenus filariasis, dengue and chikungunya. In our surveys, overall Cellia. 91,765 specimens were sampled and examined, yielding 197 species from 38 genera and 32 subgenera. 1. Anopheles (Anopheles) insulaeflorum: This species belongs to Aitkenii species group and is very similar to An. 7. Armigeres (Armigeres) subalbatus: Culex obturbans was peytoni which was described from Sri Lanka by Kulasekera considered type species of subgenus Armigeres (Walker, et al., (1988) [34]. They suggested that the earlier records of 1859) [70], but due to non availability of type specimen insulaeflorum from Western Ghats, India might actually be material, the Ar. subalbatus was considered as a peytoni. To investigate this riddle, several streams, springs representative of this subgenus (Knight and Stone, 1977) and spring pools (major breeding habitat of the aitkenii [33]. group species including peytoni) were surveyed in different 8. Culex (Lophoceraomyia) raghavanii: Sirivanakarn (1977) localities from 350-1150m. Immature were collected, [70] suggested to synonimize this species with Cx. (Lop.) reared individually and identified on the basis of adult male flavicornis or Cx. (Lop.) uniformis. He pointed out that the genitalia and larval characters, recorded An. insulaeflorum original description was inadequate which led to doubts and An. aitkenii. No specimen of An. peytoni could be about its occurrence in India. We hereby revalidate the recorded. It was concluded that An. peytoni is confined to occurrence of Cx. raghavanii in India, as specimens have Sri Lanka only and its distribution might not be considered been collected from Silent Valley, Kerala, close to the type to have extended further to north in the Western Ghats of locality. Identification of this species was confirmed after south India. reviewing the original description (Peyton, pers. comm.). 2. Anopheles (Anopheles) nilgiricus: This was earlier one of 9. Diceromyia kanarensis (Edwards, 1934): Earlier the subspecies of An. lindesayi s.l. Harrison et al., (1991) Diceromyia was a subgenus of the genus Aedes (Barraud, [24] while reviewing the records of culicidae of Thailand and 1934) [3]. Reinert et al., 2004, while reviewing the tribe neighboring countries, elevated it to species status and Aedini, elevated this to generic status. One of the species stated that An. lindesayi occured in northern India and An. of this genus Diceromyia kanarensis was collected from the nilgiricus in south India. Western Ghats region, and its male larva and pupa were 3. Anopheles (Anopheles) sintoni: It belongs to the described. The maxillary horn of this larva was highly culiciformis species group, and since Puri’s original record conspicuous (Tewari et al., 1990 [77]). in 1929 the species had never been seen on the west coast 10. Fredwardsius vittatus Bigot, 1861: This species was of India. It was collected from three hill ranges of the earlier placed under the genus Aedes, and subgenus Western Ghats. The CRME scientists described the pupal Stegomyia. Barraud (1934) [3] stated that it was an aberrant stage, which had remained undescribed (Tewari & Hiriyan, species of the subgenus. Subsequently, it was transferred to 1991a) [78]. subgenus Aedimorphus by Huang (1977b) [27] on its male 4. Anopheles annularis Group: This group consists of 5 genitalial characters. Recently, this species was placed species. Of these 4 are recorded from India. We have under a new subgenus Fredwardsius (Reinert, 2000), recorded all the four species, namely, An. annularis, An. which was ultimately elevated to generic status (Reinert, pallidus, An. philippinensis and An. nivipes. Recently, An. 2004 60). nivipes has been resurrected to Nivipes complex 11. Heizmannia (Mattinglyia) discrepans: The female of comprising 2 sibling species (Harrison et al., 1991) [24]. discrepans was originally described under the genus 5. Anopheles leucosphyrus Group: Taxonomy of Haemagogus Williston (Edwards, 1922) [97, 98] and Barraud leucosphyrus group was reviewed repeatedly in past 5 (1934) [3], and later transferred to genus Aedes by Mattingly decades. Harbach (2004) [22] and Sallum et al., (2005) [68] (1957) [37]. Although Mattingly (1970) [38], while reviewing reviewed that the Leucosphyrus subgroup subdivided into genus Heizmannia, noted its resemblance with genus two complexes: (i) Dirus complex (ii) Leucosphyrus Heizmannia, due to lack of material of male and larva, complex. A new interpretation was given after including preferred to keep it in Aedes itself. Reinert (1973) [57] re- six new species, which had changed the texa of examined the holotype female and transferred it to the Leucosphyrus group. The notable changes with reference genus Heizmannia subgenus Mattinglyia. We have to India are as follow: the former An. dirus ‘D’ named as collected males, larvae and pupae of this species in the An. baimaii (found in Assam and Andaman & Nicobar Western Ghats, and described them, which conformed to Island, West Bengal – vector of forest malaria), An. dirus Heizmannia (Mattinglyia) (Tewari et al., 1987) [76]. ‘E’ of Western Ghats (Tewari et al., 1987a) [75] will referred 12. Genus Lutzia: This was considered subgenus of Culex as An. elegans. According to Sallum et al., (2005) [68] An. including mainly two species Cx. (Lut.) fuscanus and Cx. ~ 108 ~ International Journal of Mosquito Research

(Lut.) halifaxii (Barraud, 1934; Bram, 1967) [3, 5]. Recently & Talibi, 1972) [31]. Tanaka (2003) [74] elevated subgenus Lutzia to generic 7. Anopheles (Cellia) philippinensis: This species had been status and introduced a new subgenus, Metalutzia for Lt. incriminated as vector of malaria from many Southeast fuscana and Lt. halifaxii. He has also elevated Lt. vorax Asian countries including India (Assam) (Rajagopal, 1976) from the synonymy with Lt. halifaxii. [69]. 13. Ochlerotatus (Finlaya) pallirostris: In 1922, Edwards 8. Anopheles (Cellia) stephensi: it is one of the major vectors described Ae. (Fin.) pallirostris on the basis of adult of malaria in urban areas in India and in neighbouring characters from Assam, which was subsequently countries of Pakistan, Iran and Iraq. Incriminated from synonymized with Ae. formosensis (Knight, 1968). When several areas in urban localities of India (Rao, 1984; compared with the type specimens of Ae. pallirostris Gajanana et al., 1979; Nagpal & Sharma 1995) [15, 40]. (kindly compared by Dr. R.E. Harbach in Natural History 9. Anopheles subpictus Complex: There are four sibling Museum, London), to resurrect and revalidate Ae. species in this complex (A, B, C, & D). Among these An. pallirostris as a distinct species (Tewari and Hiriyan, 1996) subpictus (A, C & D) are non-vectors and fresh water 81. However, recently while reviewing composite genus forms. An. subpictus B is reported as a malaria vector in Aedes, the species formosensis, was placed under a new Odessa state, and also breeds in marine or salty waters. genus Hulecoeteomyia. Hereafter the records of Ae. 10. Anopheles (Cellia) sundaicus ‘D: It is the most important formosensis in Assam area should be referred to as Hl. vector of malaria in Andaman & Nicobar Islands, (Rao, pallirostris. 1984) [56]; (Nanda et al., 2004); (Alam et al., 2006) [1, 41]. It 14. Genus Tewarius: This is a new genus described by Reinert is also susceptible to monkey malaria, Plasmodium (2006), in tribe Aedini. He has included four species in this cynomolgi (Bennet et al, 1966) Kalra (1980) [30] suggested genus, Te.agastyai, Te. nummatus, Te. pseudonummatus, that malaria was a zoonosis in Great Nicobar, transmitted and Te. reubenae. from monkey to man by An. sundaicus. 11. Stegomyia aegypti (=Ae. (Stg.) aegypti): A highly Mosquitoes of Medical Importance anthropophilic, daytime biting mosquito species and 1. Anopheles (Cellia) culicifacies s.l.: It is one of the most principal vector of dengue and dengue haemorrhagic fever important malaria vectors in rural and semi urban areas in in Southeast Asia including India where it was responsible India, being responsible for transmitting about 60-70% of for major epidemics (Gubler & Kuno, 1997) [20]. Various infections in India. An. culicifacies complex having five strains of dengue and Chikungunya viruses have been sibling species (A,B,C,D & E) and members of this isolated from this species (Huang, 1979) [28]. All the four complex may differ in biologic characteristic for serotypes were isolated from this species in southern India epidemiology and control of malaria, (Reuben et al., 1984; (Reuben et al., 1988; Tewari et al., 2004) [63, 77] including Subbarao, 1998) [64, 72]. Of these, sibling species ‘A’ demonstration of vertical transmission of dengue virus considered highly potential vector whereas ‘B’ is as poor (Thenmozhi et al., 2000) [83]. vector, rest of the them are playing moderate role in the 12. Stegomyia albopicta (= Ae. (Stg.) albopictus): It is transmission of malaria and their respective areas. commonly called “Asian Tiger” due to its vigorous human 2. Anopheles hyrcanus Group: This is represented by 4 biting habits during daytime in wooded areas. It is typically species, namely, An. peditaeniatus, An. nigerrimus, An. rural dengue vector and causing mild or asymptomatic crawfordi and An. lesteri. The former was dominant in all dengue virus infection in humans (Hawley, 1988) [25]. A the localities surveyed. Anopheles crawfordi was rare and strain of dengue virus (Dengue-4) was isolated from this confined to high rainfall areas at about 1000m. Japanese species in India (Reuben et al., 1988) [63]. Dengue virus encephalitis virus has been repeatedly isolated from the (DEN 2) was isolated from rural areas of Vellore district in species of this group in India. South India where it was considered as a secondary vector 3. Anopheles (Cellia) fluviatilisis s.l.: It is one of the most (Tewari et al., 2004) [80]. In Kerala (south western India) it efficient vectors of malaria in India particularly prevalent was abundantly found biting man in outdoors near human hills and foothills (Rao, 1984; Nagpal & Sharma 1995; Das habitation, DEN2 was isolated from this species (Tyagi et et al., 1990) [56, 8, 11]. It was abundant in Western Ghat hill al., 2004b, 2006) [87, 84]. ranges during pre DDT era where it was playing role for 13. Downsiomyia nivea [=Ae. (Fin.) niveus]: It was collected hyperendemic malaria. However, we have found that at from both Andaman and Nicobar districts. This species was present prevalent at low densities and not sufficient to play found naturally infected with W. bancrofti in Nancowry role as a vector (Tewari et al., 1987a) [75]. group of Islands, where it is playing role as a vector of 4. Anopheles (Anopheles) barbirostris: Isolation of JE virus diurnally subperiodic filariasis (Tewari et. al., 1995c) [79]. have been made from this species in Asansol and Bankura 14. Culex vishnui Subgroup: Three species of this subgroup in west Bengal, and Batai virus from Brahmapalli in viz., Cx. (Cux.) tritaeniorhynchus Giles, Cx. (Cux.) vishnui Andhra Pradesh (Reuben et al., 1988) [64]. Theobald and Cx. (Cux.) pseudovishnui Colless are vectors 5. Anopheles (Cellia) baimaii (= An. dirus ‘D’) Peyton and of JE in India (Reuben et al., 1994) [65]. Culex Harrison, a highly efficient vector of human malaria in tritaeniorhynchus has been incriminated as a major vector Eastern India, in forested area incriminated as a vector from in India, Sri Lanka, Thailand (Rodrigues, 1984; Leake et Assam and Andaman Islands (Prakash et al., 2001; Sallum al., 1986; Amerasinghe et al., 1988; Gingrich et al., 1992) et al., 2005) [46, 68]. However, it may play a secondary role [2, 17, 35, 66], Sarawak (Macdonald et al., 1967) [36], and in these two areas as already primary vectors An. minimus outside the region in Japan, Korea, and Taiwan (Pant, 1979) s.l and An. sundaicus s.l are playing their roles respectively. [42]. Culex vishnui is also extremely common and is known 6. Anopheles (Cellia) minimus s.l.: It was considered to be a to be a vector in India. Thailand, and Taiwan (Carey et al., primary vectors for malaria in eastern part of India (Rao, 1968; Leake et al., 1986; Reuben et al., 1994) [6, 35, 65]. Culex 1984) [56], Bengal, (Iyengar, 1940) [29], Bangladesh, (Khan pseudovishnui has been implicated in southern India and ~ 109 ~ International Journal of Mosquito Research

Sri Lanka (George et al., 1987; Peiris et al., 1993; Reuben acknowledged. We express our gratitude to the Directors, et al., 1971; Philip Samuel et al., 2000) [17, 43, 44, 62]. RMRC (ICMR), Dibrugarh and RMRC (ICMR), Port Blair for 15. Culex (Culex) quinquefasciatus: It is also called “House having given their full support in conducting studies on mosquito” and highly anthropophilic in nature well haematophagous arthropods of far-flung eastern states in India established as principal vector of nocturnal periodic including West Bengal, Assam, Arunachal Pradesh, Meghalaya bancroftian filariasis in different part of South Asian etc. and in the Andaman & Nicobar Islands, respectively. The countries. Including India, Myanmar, Malaya, Indonesia, local health officials and tribal folk in Andaman and Nicobar Viatnam etc., (Raghavan, 1961, Ramalingam et al., 1968, Islands were always very courteous in their hospitality specially Rajagopalan et al., 1977, 1981, 1989) [49, 51-53, 55]. guiding our visits to several inaccessible areas deep in the 16. Culex (Culex) whitmorei: Several isolations of JE have jungles, and to them our heartfelt thanks are due. been made from this species in India and Sri Lanka (Carey We are also thankful to Shri R. Krishnamoorthi, Shri A. et al., 1968; Peris et al., 1993; Reuben et al., 1988; Philip Veerapathiran for their excellent help in preparing the Samuel et al., 2000) [6, 43, 44, 63], where it may play a role as manuscript. The work of illustration was generously carried out a secondary vector. by Shri G. Baskaran and Shri R. Govindarajan. Shri R. 17. Culex (Oculeomyia) bitaeniorhynchus: There have been Krishnamoorthy, Shri J. Nagaraj and E. Raja have given their two isolations of JE virus from it in nature from Karnataka excellent technical support during collections of mosquito fauna and West Bengal in India (Philip Samuel et al., 2000 and and for their dedicated efforts we feel to heartily acknowledge Rodrigues, 1988) [44, 66], and the species feeds extensively them all. on birds and pigs as well as on man (Christophers and A major task like this could not have been accomplished Reuben, 1971) [9]. without a proper administrative support from the institute. We 18. Culex (Oculeomyia) epidesmus: This species was are extremely thankful to Shri S. Ravi, Administrative Officer collected at Gorakhpur (UP). A total of 2 specimens of this and his team for all the necessary and timely support and mosquito species are in our Museum. understanding. 19. Culex (Oculeomyia) infula: Several isolations of JE have been made from this species antigen deductions from References Cuddalore district, south India have been reported. (Philip 1. Alam MT, Das MK, Ansari MA, Sharma YD. Molecular Samuel et al., 1998) [45]. identification of Anopheles (Cellia) sundaicus from the 20. Culex (Culex) fuscocephala: This species is an efficient Andaman and Nicobar Islands of India. Acta Trop. 2006; vector of JE in Thailand (Gould et al., 1974) [19]. Isolations 97:10-18. from wild-caught mosquitoes have been made from that 2. Amerasinghe FP, Peiris JSM, Karunaratne SHPP, country and in India (Reuben et al., 1988) [63] and Sri Lanka Amerasinghe PH. Epidemiology of the 1987 Japanese (Amerasinghe et al., 1988) [2]. encephaltis outbreak in Anurathapura area. II. 21. Culex (Culex) gelidus: This species is considered to be one Entomological aspects. Proc Sri Lanka Med Assoc. 1988; of the most important vectors of JE in Sri Lanka, Thailand, 101:22-23. Malaysia, Vietnam, and Sarawak (Gould et al., 1962; 3. Barraud PJ. Family Culicidae, Tribes Megarhinini and Macdonald et al., 1967; Gingrich et al., 1992; Peiris et al., Culincini, The fauna of British India, including Ceylon and 1993) [18, 36, 17, 43]. Few isolates have been made in India Burma - Diptera, 5, 1-463: Taylor and Francies, London. (Reuben et al., 1988) [63]. 1934. 22. Mansonia (Mansonioides) annulifera and Ma. (Mnd.) 4. Bennet GF, Warren M, Cheong WH. Biology of the simian uniformis: Both are vectors of Brugia malayi filariasis on malaria in Southeast Asia - II. The susceptiblity of some the mainland. In recent outbreak of JE in Kerala, three Malaysian mosquitoes to infection with five strains of isolations were made from Ma. uniformis and one also from Plasmodium cynomolgi. J Parasitol. 1966; 52:625-631. Ma. indiana (Dhanda et al., 1997) [12]. JE virus was also 5. Bram RA. Contribution to the mosquito fauna of Southeast isolated from Ma. annulifera in Dibrugarh, Assam Asia. II. The genus Culex in Thailand (Diptera: Culicidae). (Chakravarty et al., 1981) [7]. Cont Amer Ent Inst. 1967; 2:1-296 6. Carey DE, Reuben R, Myers RM. Japanese encephalitis Acknowledgements studies in Vellore, south India, Part I. Virus isolation from We are grateful to the Director General, Indian Council of mosquitoes Indian J Med Res. 1968; 56:1309-1318. Medical Research, New Delhi, for encouragement and facilities. 7. Chakravarty SK, Chakraborty AK, Mukerjee KK, Mitra We convey our thanks to the authorities of Smithsonian AC, Hati AK et al. Isolation of Japanese encephalitis (JE) Institution, United States National Museum, Washington, D.C., virus from Mansonia annulifera species of mosquitoes in U.S.A. and British Museum (Natural History), London, UK for Assam. Bull Cal Sch Trop Med. 1981; 129:3. the confirmation of identification of a large number of species. 8. Christophers SR. Family Culicidae. Tribes Anophelini: We have also deposited our type/paratype specimens in these The fauna of British India, including Ceylon and Burma – two museums. Our deep sense of gratitude is due to Drs. B.A. Diptera, 4, 1-271, Taylor and Francis, London. 1933. Harrison, R.E. Harbach, J.F. Reinert and EL. Peyton, who 9. Christophers S, Reuben R. Studies on the mosquitoes of compared our specimens with “Type specimens” and for giving North Arcot district, Madras state, India. Part 4. Host their valuable suggestions on the species’ status during the preference as shown by precipitin tests. J Med Entomol. course of our describing new species. They also generously lent 1971; 8:314 us specimens on loan from their respective museums for which 10. Covell G. Report of an enquiry into malaria conditions in we are extremely grateful. the Andamans, Govt. Press, Delhi. 1927. The facility extended by the forest departments of Tamil Nadu, 11. Das BP, Rajagopal R, Akiyama J. 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