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Evaluation of Lidar-Acquired Bathymetric and Topographic Data Accuracy in Various Hydrogeomorphic Settings in the Deadwood

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Evaluation of Lidar-Acquired Bathymetric and Topographic Data Accuracy in Various Hydrogeomorphic Settings in the Deadwood Prepared in cooperation with the Bureau of Reclamation Evaluation of LiDAR-Acquired Bathymetric and Topographic Data Accuracy in Various Hydrogeomorphic Settings in the Deadwood and South Fork Boise Rivers, West-Central Idaho, 2007 Scientific Investigations Report 2011–5051 U.S. Department of the Interior U.S. Geological Survey Cover: Photograph of the Deadwood River approximately 8 river kilometers from the confluence with the South Fork Payette River. (Photograh taken by Kenneth Skinner, U.S. Geological Survey, Idaho, 2007.) Evaluation of LiDAR-Acquired Bathymetric and Topograhic Data Accuracy in Various Hydrogeomorphic Settings in the Deadwood and South Fork Boise Rivers, West-Central Idaho, 2007 By Kenneth D. Skinner Prepared in cooperation with the Bureau of Reclamation Scientific Investigations Report 2011–5051 U.S. Department of the Interior U.S. Geological Survey U.S. Department of the Interior KEN SALAZAR, Secretary U.S. Geological Survey Marcia K. McNutt, Director U.S. Geological Survey, Reston, Virginia: 2011 For more information on the USGS—the Federal source for science about the Earth, its natural and living resources, natural hazards, and the environment, visit http://www.usgs.gov or call 1–888–ASK–USGS. For an overview of USGS information products, including maps, imagery, and publications, visit http://www.usgs.gov/pubprod To order this and other USGS information products, visit http://store.usgs.gov Any use of trade, product, or firm names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the U.S. Government. Although this report is in the public domain, permission must be secured from the individual copyright owners to reproduce any copyrighted materials contained within this report. Suggested citation: Skinner, K.D., 2011, Evaluation of LiDAR-acquired bathymetric and topographic data accuracy in various hydrogeomorphic settings in the Deadwood and South Fork Boise Rivers, West-Central Idaho, 2007: U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Report 2011–5051, 30 p. iii Contents Abstract ...........................................................................................................................................................1 Introduction ....................................................................................................................................................1 Purpose and Scope ..............................................................................................................................3 Description of Study Area ...................................................................................................................3 Deadwood River ...........................................................................................................................4 South Fork Boise River ................................................................................................................4 Data Collection Methods ..............................................................................................................................4 EAARL Bathymetric and Topographic Data ......................................................................................4 Ground-Survey Bathymetric and Topographic Data .......................................................................5 Evaluation of Eaarl Data Accuracy .............................................................................................................5 Comparison of Datasets................................................................................................................................8 EAARL Raster and Ground-Survey Datasets ...................................................................................9 EAARL Point and Ground-Survey Datasets ......................................................................................9 Analysis for Bias .................................................................................................................................12 Stream Surface Area and Volumetric Percent Error ....................................................................12 Summary........................................................................................................................................................16 References Cited..........................................................................................................................................17 Appendix A. Ground Photography ...........................................................................................................19 iv Figures Figure 1. Maps showing EAARL and ground-survey data collection areas along the Deadwood and South Fork Boise Rivers, west-central Idaho …………………… 2 Figure 2. Maps showing topographic and bathymetric elevations for the ground-survey and EAARL derived elevations, ground-survey area 2, South Fork Boise River, west-central Idaho ……………………………………………………………… 10 Figure 3. Graph showing EAARL raster and ground-survey elevations at cross sections at the South Fork Boise River survey area 2 and Deadwood survey area 3, west-central Idaho ……………………………………………………………… 11 Figure 4. Maps showing wetted surface area comparison between ground-survey and EAARL derived elevations in ground-survey area 2, Deadwood River, west-central Idaho ……………………………………………………………… 13 Figure 5. Maps showing wetted surface area comparison between ground-survey and EAARL derived elevations in ground-survey area 3, South Fork Boise River, west-central Idaho ……………………………………………………………… 15 Tables Table 1. Comparison of EAARL bare earth/bathymetry raster datasets to ground-survey data, Deadwood and South Fork Boise Rivers, west-central Idaho ……………… 6 Table 2. Comparison of EAARL point datasets to ground-survey data within a 1-meter radius, Deadwood and South Fork Boise Rivers, west-central Idaho …………… 7 Table 3. Comparison of surface areas delineated by ground surveys and EAARL system derived data for the Deadwood and South Fork Boise Rivers, west-central Idaho ……………………………………………………………………………… 14 Table 4. Comparison of river channel volumes between ground-survey and EAARL data for the Deadwood and South Fork Boise Rivers, west-central Idaho …………… 16 v Conversion Factors, Datums, and Abbreviations and Acronyms Conversion Factors Multiply By To obtain Length centimeter (cm) 0.3937 inch (in.) meter (m) 3.281 foot (ft) kilometer (km) 0.6214 mile (mi) meter (m) 1.094 yard (yd) Area square meter (m2) 0.0002471 acre square kilometer (km2) 247.1 acre square meter (m2) 10.76 square foot (ft2) square kilometer (km2) 0.3861 square mile (mi2) Volume cubic meter (m3) 35.31 cubic foot (ft3) cubic meter (m3) 1.308 cubic yard (yd3) Flow rate cubic meter per second (m3/s) 35.31 cubic foot per second (ft3/s) Datums Vertical coordinate information is referenced to the North American Vertical Datum of 1988 (NAVD 88). Horizontal coordinate information is referenced to the North American Datum of 1983 (NAD 83). Acronyms and Abbreviations ALPS Airborne LiDAR Processing System CORS Continuously Operating Reference Station DEM digital elevation model EAARL Experimental Advanced Airborne Research LiDAR GIS Geographic Information System GPS Global Positioning System LiDAR Light Detection and Ranging ME mean signed error n.d. not defined OPUS-S Static Online Positioning User Service RKM river kilometer RMSE root mean square error RTK-GPS real-time kinematic global positioning system TIN Triangulated Irregular Network USGS U.S. Geological Survey vi This page intentionally left blank. Evaluation of LiDAR-Acquired Bathymetric and Topographic Data Accuracy in Various Hydrogeomorphic Settings in the Deadwood and South Fork Boise Rivers, West-Central Idaho, 2007 By Kenneth D. Skinner Abstract river channel was underestimated by an average of 31 percent in half of the survey areas, and overestimated by an average of High-quality elevation data in riverine environments 14 percent in the remainder of the survey areas. are important for fisheries management applications and the The EAARL system is an efficient way to obtain accuracy of such data needs to be determined for its proper topographic and bathymetric data in large areas of remote application. The Experimental Advanced Airborne Research terrain. The elevation accuracy of the EAARL system varies LiDAR (Light Detection and Ranging)—or EAARL—system throughout the area depending upon the hydrogeomorphic was used to obtain topographic and bathymetric data along the setting, preventing the use of a single accuracy value to Deadwood and South Fork Boise Rivers in west-central Idaho. describe the EAARL system. The elevation accuracy The EAARL data were post-processed into bare earth and variations should be kept in mind when using the data, such as bathymetric raster and point datasets. for hydraulic modeling or aquatic habitat assessments. Concurrently with the EAARL surveys, real-time kinematic global positioning system surveys were made in three areas along each of the rivers to assess the accuracy Introduction of the EAARL elevation data in different hydrogeomorphic settings. The accuracies of the EAARL-derived raster The Deadwood and South Fork Boise Rivers support elevation values, determined in open, flat terrain, to provide important fisheries that are influenced by surface-water an optimal vertical comparison surface, had root mean square projects of the Bureau of Reclamation (Reclamation). In order errors ranging from 0.134 to 0.347 m. Accuracies in the to manage their projects effectively and to ensure
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