diversity Article Increasing Survival of Wild Macaw Chicks Using Foster Parents and Supplemental Feeding Gabriela Vigo-Trauco 1,*,† , Rony Garcia-Anleu 2 and Donald J. Brightsmith 3 1 The Macaw Society-Sociedad Pro Guacamayos, Department of Ecology and Conservation Biology, Texas A&M University, TAMU 4467, College Station, TX 77843, USA 2 Wildlife Conservation Society–Guatemala, Avenida 15 de Marzo, Casa No. 3. Flores, Petén CP 17001, Guatemala;
[email protected] 3 The Macaw Society-Sociedad Pro Guacamayos, Schubot Center for Avian Health, Department of Veterinary Pathobiology, Texas A&M University, TAMU 4467, College Station, TX 77843, USA;
[email protected] * Correspondence:
[email protected]; Tel.: +1-979-450-9857 † Current affiliation: Schubot Center for Avian Health, TAMU 4457, College Station, TX 77843, USA. Abstract: The use of foster parents has great potential to help the recovery of highly endangered bird species. However, few studies have shown how to successfully use these techniques in wild populations. Scarlet Macaws (Ara macao macao) in Perú hatch 2–4 chicks per nest but about 24% of all chicks die of starvation and on average just 1.4 of them fledge per successful nest. In this study we develop and test new techniques to increase survival of wild Scarlet Macaw chicks by reducing chick starvation. We hypothesized that using foster parents would increase the survival of chicks at risk of starvation and increase overall reproductive success. Our results show that all relocated macaw chicks were successfully accepted by their foster parents (n = 28 chicks over 3 consecutive breeding seasons) and 89% of the relocated chicks fledged.