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Urban and Suburban Differences in Cultural Identification, Life-Guiding Principles, and Person- Organization Fit Joseph Edigin Walden University

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Urban and Suburban Differences in Cultural Identification, Life-Guiding Principles, and Person- Organization Fit Joseph Edigin Walden University Walden University ScholarWorks Walden Dissertations and Doctoral Studies Walden Dissertations and Doctoral Studies Collection 2018 Urban and Suburban Differences in Cultural Identification, Life-Guiding Principles, and Person- Organization Fit Joseph Edigin Walden University Follow this and additional works at: https://scholarworks.waldenu.edu/dissertations Part of the Business Administration, Management, and Operations Commons, Cultural Resource Management and Policy Analysis Commons, and the Management Sciences and Quantitative Methods Commons This Dissertation is brought to you for free and open access by the Walden Dissertations and Doctoral Studies Collection at ScholarWorks. It has been accepted for inclusion in Walden Dissertations and Doctoral Studies by an authorized administrator of ScholarWorks. For more information, please contact [email protected]. Walden University College of Management and Technology This is to certify that the doctoral dissertation by Joseph O. Edigin has been found to be complete and satisfactory in all respects, and that any and all revisions required by the review committee have been made. Review Committee Dr. Godwin Igein, Committee Chairperson, Management Faculty Dr. Craig Barton, Committee Member, Management Faculty Dr. Danielle Wright-Babb, University Reviewer, Management Faculty Chief Academic Officer Eric Riedel, Ph.D. Walden University 2018 Abstract Urban and Suburban Differences in Cultural Identification, Life-Guiding Principles, and Person-Organization Fit by Joseph O. Edigin MA, University of Phoenix, 2007 BS, University of Phoenix, 2005 Dissertation Submitted in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree of Doctor of Philosophy Management Walden University August 2018 Abstract Diversity practitioners in the United States have taken steps to implement programs for integration of people in organizations from across the socioeconomic and demographic spectrum. Despite changes in U.S. discrimination laws and work by diversity practitioners, maintaining equitable workplace diversity continues to be a problem in U.S. corporations. This correlational study was conducted to examine differences in life- guiding principles, urban identification, and person-organization fit between urban and suburban residents. A purposive sample of 180 adults was drawn in a voluntary online survey from industries in two U.S. representative counties with a mix of urban and suburban sprawl. This study was also conducted to further examine planned behavior, expectancy, normative social influence, and social impact theories by comparing how the independent variable of participant residence location affected the dependent variables of life-guiding principles, urban identification, and person-organization fit. T-test statistics were used to test mean differences in normally distributed data sets, and the Mann- Whitney U test was used for testing differences in non-normally distributed data sets. Test results revealed that there were differences in the dependent variables with a significant difference in urban identification for urban and suburban residents, confirming the hypothesis. Findings from this study may help diversity practitioners and organizational leaders understand the differences among urban and suburban residents. Study findings may also support organizations’ social agenda toward addressing diversity issues and for narrowing career achievement gaps between urban and suburban residents through a better understanding of variations in culture. Urban and Suburban Differences in Cultural Identification, Life-Guiding Principles, and Person-Organization Fit by Joseph O. Edigin MA, University of Phoenix, 2007 BS, University of Phoenix, 2005 Dissertation Submitted in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree of Doctor of Philosophy Management Walden University August 2018 Dedication I dedicate this dissertation to my mother Aituarigbon Uzibor for investing time, money, and love in my early education. Mum, you thought me the value of the education you never had. I made a conscious effort to stay in this fight for you, this is for you. To my children Osatohanmwen, Uyioghosa and Nosakhare, without your support, I would have struggled. The three of you made my journey your journey; you consistently showed me how proud you were of my interest in education. All of you gave me hope in my dimmest moments and reminded me to never quit, and never consider a surrender. Failure for me was never an option. Finally, I dedicate this dissertation to my wife Eunice without whose emotional support and persistence earning this doctorate would not have been possible. Eunice, your sleepless nights reading manuscripts you claimed were beyond your academic scope, but within your “life experience” scope is very much appreciated and a major reason this accomplishment was possible. I could not have done this without you, you remained my rock throughout this process; through good and through challenging times. I owe you a debt of gratitude. Acknowledgments I express my sincere gratitude and appreciation to my dissertation committee for their support. This includes Dr. Godwin Igein (Committee Chair), my special thanks to Dr. Craig Barton (Committee Member), and Dr. Danielle Babb-Wright (University Research Reviewer). I would especially like to acknowledge and thank Dr. Igein for his guidance, accessibility, and willingness to always help work through process related problems and for keeping me focused through the later part of my PhD journey. Table of Contents List of Figures ................................................................................................................... vii Chapter 1: Introduction to the Study ....................................................................................1 Background ....................................................................................................................3 Problem Statement .........................................................................................................8 Purpose of the Study ....................................................................................................10 Research Questions ......................................................................................................11 Hypotheses ...................................................................................................................11 Theoretical Framework ................................................................................................13 Theory of Planned Behavior ................................................................................. 13 Expectancy Theory ............................................................................................... 16 Normative Social Influence .................................................................................. 17 Social Impact Theory ............................................................................................ 19 Nature of the study .......................................................................................................21 Definitions....................................................................................................................22 Assumptions .................................................................................................................24 Scope and Delimitations ..............................................................................................25 Limitations ...................................................................................................................25 Significance..................................................................................................................26 Significance of Theory .......................................................................................... 26 Significance to Practice......................................................................................... 27 Positive Social Change ................................................................................................27 i Summary ......................................................................................................................28 Chapter 2: Literature Review .............................................................................................31 Literature Search Strategy............................................................................................32 Theoretical Foundation ................................................................................................33 Theory of Planned Behavior ................................................................................. 34 Expectancy Theory ............................................................................................... 36 Normative Social Influence Theory ...................................................................... 36 Social Impact Theory ............................................................................................ 37 Organizational Culture .................................................................................................37 Culture Types ...............................................................................................................42 Diversity Management .......................................................................................... 44 Social Isolation.....................................................................................................
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