λº»®»²½» Gæ ÙÔÑÍÍßÎÇ Non-native species Berm Broadleaved tree Species that are not native to the A terrace formed by wave action Any tree having broad flat leaves; Acadian forest; often they are along the backshore of a beach, all broadleaf trees found in Point introduced as the result of human or a built-up barrier put there to Pleasant Park are deciduous. activity, either on purpose or protect the slope above. Commemoration by accident. Biostabilization A formal remembrance of a person Archaeological site Slowing or halting erosion by or event, taking either ceremonial or A location that contains the means of selective plantings. material form. material remains of human land Borden number Commemorative intent use in the past. Technically, only Archaeological sites in Canada The memorial reason for which those sites that date to the historic are registered under a nationwide a monument or historic site or pre-Contact periods and that are site-registration system known as was established. assigned Borden numbers are true the Borden System, which gives a archaeological sites. Commemorative integrity unique alpha-numeric designation Commemorative integrity of a Artifact to each site. Only sites predating resource is a combination of An object that has been the mid-20th century receive a its state of preservation and its deliberately manufactured or Borden number. interpretive value in relation to modified by human activity. Buffer zone principle commemorative themes. Barracks An area located between two or A residential area for more other areas intended to military personnel. reduce the impact of one zone upon another by some Battery planned means. A group of guns in a fixed fortification for coastal or frontier defence. ©© ©ò°±·²¬°´»¿•¿²¬°¿®µò½¿ ѽ¬±¾»®ô îððè 271 ÙÔÑÍÍßÎÇ Conservation Entombment Geotechnical To conserve something for To conserve by covering with earth An engineering term concerned the future, often through physical or other materials (for example, with the properties of earth treatments. concrete). materials. Cultural resource Entrenchment GIS Assets created by people that A type of fortification created Geographic Information System or are valued for their historic, by digging. Geospatial Information System associative or symbolic A system for storing, analyzing and Erodible significance. managing spatial data. Subject to erosion. Cultural resource Glacis Features management (CRM) A cleared artificial slope (usually Archaeologically speaking, Preserving and presenting historic, an earthen embankment) in front component parts of a site such as archaeological or paleontological of a fortification, designed to allow walls, buildings and campsites. resources. a clear sweep of defensive fire and Field marking create a bounce in cannonballs, Cultural resource Physically marking cultural thereby causing less harm to management objectives resources to avoid physical defensive walls. The ways and means of presenting damage during construction or and preserving cultural resources. Groundwater other activities. Water located below the ground Drumlin First Nations surface in soil spaces and in the A mound of glacial material, often A broad term referring to those fractures of geologic formations. till, shaped in a teardrop-like peoples who have inhabited North form, common to the south shore Groyne America since before European of Nova Scotia (Citadel Hill and A manmade structure of stone or contact. Georges Island are both drumlins). concrete that extends from the Geomorphology shore into the water to prevent Ethnographic site The study of the evolution and a beach from washing away; A location containing the material configuration of landforms. sometimes built to create a beach remains of human use in the where none existed previously. recent past. 272 ÐÑ×ÒÌ ÐÔÛßÍßÒÌ ÐßÎÕ ÝÑÓÐÎÛØÛÒÍ×ÊÛ ÐÔßÒ Ûµ·•¬·½• д¿²²·²¹ ú Ü»•·¹² ñ Ò×Ð °¿§•¿¹» Historic site Magazine Needleleaved tree In North America, a site dating A specific area or room in which Any tree having narrow needle- between the initial period of ammunition is stored. like leaves; synonymous European contact with First with coniferous trees. With Midden Nations people to the mid-20th the exception of larches, all A term used by archaeologists century. needleleaved trees in Point to describe a garbage dump, Pleasant Park are evergreen. Historic resources established intentionally or All pre-Contact and post-Contact unintentionally, that contains Paleontology material remains that predate the waste related to everyday The study of prehistoric life forms mid-20th century. human life. on Earth through the examination of plant and animal fossils. Inventory Mitigation In an archaeological sense, Picket Improvement by planning, inventory that involves assembling A small hut or huts in which consulting and observing to reduce a database of archaeological a soldier (or a soldier with no possible negative impacts on resources in a given area that is shelter) would be stationed something—in this case, historic as complete as possible, by using near a fortification or military resources—as a result of human survey, testing, remote sensing encampment to challenge those actions or natural agency. or artifacts to find and analyze approaching and to warn of an sites. An inventory is a necessary Mixed forest impending attack. cultural management tool. A forest composed of both Pre-Contact broadleaved and needleleaved LIDAR The period of First Nations tree species, but with 40% to 60% Light Detection and Ranging or occupation that occurred prior to needleaved trees. Laser Imaging Detection and significant contact with Europeans. Ranging; a laser–based remote- Monitoring Presentation planning sensing technology. In an archaeological sense, Involves designing and using monitoring refers to an Lifeways appropriate signage, displays, archaeologist being physically A customary manner of living construction and landscaping, present when activities such as or way of life; sometimes used as well as written, visual and construction or renovation are to refer to the ecological position documentary materials, to present in progress to avoid or manage of human beings within a the central message or messages negative impacts on cultural larger system. of a site. heritage. ©© ©ò°±·²¬°´»¿•¿²¬°¿®µò½¿ ѽ¬±¾»®ô îððè 273 ÙÔÑÍÍßÎÇ Propagule Any part of a plant that may generate a new plant; often a seed or cutting. Protocols Formally established ways and means of responding to various situations and performing certain actions. Reconstruction Something that has been rebuilt Submarine Till using parts of the original. mining establishment Unstratified soil deposited by a Redoubt A building or buildings related glacier normally consisting of A fort or fort system, usually to constructing and maintaining a sand, silt, clay, gravel and boulders consisting of an enclosed defensive system of underwater mixed together. emplacement outside a larger defensive mines. Treethrows fortification; an especially common Surface-visible features Depressions in the ground caused feature of star-shaped forts. Above-ground archaeological by falling trees. For archaeologists, Resin cast resources. investigating treethrows is a way to To produce a mould of something assess subsurface. through the use of resin. In archaeology, resin casting is performed to make a physical copy when the original is threatened with possible destruction or defacement. Scarp One side of a defensive ditch. Silt Soil, sediment or till material consisting of very fine particles that are between sand and clay in diameter. Testing location Understorey A specific location selected for The layer of vegetation that grows Silvics archaeological investigation by in the shade of the forest canopy; The habit or behaviour of a visual inspection or subsurface includes shrubs, herbs and young forest tree. testing, or a combination of both. canopy trees. Stabilization Testpit Viewplane By certain actions, to take A small pit excavated by an An artificially created or something from a changing archaeologist using a shovel and maintained area designed to allow state to a less-changing or hand tools. a view of something else. non-changing state. 274 ÐÑ×ÒÌ ÐÔÛßÍßÒÌ ÐßÎÕ ÝÑÓÐÎÛØÛÒÍ×ÊÛ ÐÔßÒ Ûµ·•¬·½• д¿²²·²¹ ú Ü»•·¹² ñ Ò×Ð °¿§•¿¹» ß°°»²¼·¨ Aæ ïççç ËÍÛÎ ÍËÎÊÛÇ ÍËÓÓßÎÇ ¿²¼ ¬¸» •Ò¿¬«®¿´²»•• ±º ¬¸» п®µ ¿• ¿ ¸·¹¸ °®·±®·¬§ò Four user surveys of the Park were 25, likely due to the increase in cyclists. Other activities people carried out by the Point Pleasant university and college students said they used the Park for were Park Advisory Committee in at that time of year. All surveys sport, theatre, tai chi, reading, 1998–99, one during each season. showed that the majority of photography, cross-country skiing, The surveys in October of 1998 visitors came from local areas, studying, contemplation, family and February of 1999 were quite including the south and west ends outings, visiting monuments, detailed and included a manual of Halifax, and that most visits picnics and barbecues, bird head count and both short and lasted one to two hours at least watching and boat watching, as long survey forms. The spring three times a week. well as many other health-and- survey was based on survey forms wellness activities. The Park is primarily used for only, while the summer survey was walking, and 20 to 35 per cent based on head count only. of walkers are accompanied by The October survey showed that their dogs. Approximately 15 to half of the Park’s visitors were 25 per cent of