OS X Recovery

Apple Pro Training Series OS X Support Essentials Kevin M. White and Gordon Davisson Apple Pro Training Series: OS X Support Essentials Kevin M. White and Gordon Davisson Copyright © 2013 by Peachpit Press

Published by Peachpit Press. For information on Peachpit Press books, go to: www.peachpit.com

To report errors, please send a note to [email protected]. Peachpit Press is a division of Pearson Education.

Apple Series Editor: Lisa McClain Production Coordinator: Kim Elmore, Happenstance Type-O-Rama Technical Editor: Adam Karneboge Apple Reviewers: Shane Ross, Anne Renehan, Margaret Bethel Apple Project Manager: Shane Ross Copy Editors: Darren Meiss, Jessica Grogan Proofreader: Darren Meiss Compositor: James D. Kramer, Craig Johnson; Happenstance Type-O-Rama Indexer: Jack Lewis Cover Illustration: Kent Oberheu Cover Production: Cody Gates, Happenstance Type-O-Rama

Notice of Rights All rights reserved. No part of this book may be reproduced or transmitted in any form by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording, or otherwise, without the prior written permission of the publisher. For information on getting permission for reprints and excerpts, contact [email protected].

Notice of Liability The information in this book is distributed on an “As Is” basis, without warranty. While every pre- caution has been taken in the preparation of the book, neither the author nor Peachpit Press shall have any liability to any person or entity with respect to any loss or damage caused or alleged to be caused directly or indirectly by the instructions contained in this book or by the computer software and hardware products described in it. IMPORTANT: Some of the exercises contained in this guide can be temporarily disruptive, and some exercises, if performed incorrectly, could result in data loss or damage to system files. As such, it’s recommended that you perform these exercises on a Mac computer that is not critical to your daily productivity.

Trademarks Many of the designations used by manufacturers and sellers to distinguish their products are claimed as trademarks. Where those designations appear in this book, and Peachpit was aware of a trademark claim, the designations appear as requested by the owner of the trademark. All other product names and services identified throughout this book are used in editorial fashion only and for the benefit of such companies with no intention of infringement of the trademark. No such use, or the use of any trade name, is intended to convey endorsement or other affiliation with this book.

ISBN 13: 978-0-321-88719-1 ISBN 10: 0-321-88719-0 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 Printed and bound in the United States of America I could not have made this journey without the support of my family and loving wife, Michelle. This book is dedicated to the newest member of my family, Emily Diane White. — Kevin White

Much appreciation to my amazing wife, Berit Benson, and her uncanny ability to sense when I needed coffee the most. —Gordon Davisson

Acknowledgments In addition to the amazing Peachpit staff members who were instrumental in completing this work, we would like to thank the development team for their hard work: Adam Karneboge and Shane Ross. Additional thanks go out to those involved with Apple Training & Communica- tions including Eugene Evon, Judy Lawrence, John Signa, Cindy Waller, Anne Renehan, Margaret Bethel, Arek Dreyer, Ben Greisler, and Benjamin Levy. Also, the accuracy of this guide is greatly enhanced from my experience at camps held by the Apple Professional Services team, which includes Schoun Regan, David Starr, Patrick Gallagher, H Göck, Tim O’Boyle, John Poynor, Ben Harper, and Jeff Walling.

Contents at a Glance

Installation and Configuration Lesson 1 About This Guide...... 3 Lesson 2 Install OS X Mountain Lion...... 9 Lesson 3 Setup and Configuration...... 47 Lesson 4 OS X Recovery...... 87 Lesson 5 OS X Software Updates...... 109

User Accounts Lesson 6 User Accounts...... 127 Lesson 7 User Home Folders...... 153 Lesson 8 System Security...... 169 Lesson 9 Keychain Management ...... 201

File Systems Lesson 10 File Systems and Storage...... 217 Lesson 11 FileVault 2 ...... 251 Lesson 12 Permissions and Sharing...... 269 Lesson 13 File System Troubleshooting...... 291

Data Management Lesson 14 Hidden Items and Shortcuts...... 319 Lesson 15 System Resources...... 333 Lesson 16 Metadata and Spotlight...... 349 Lesson 17 File Archives ...... 367 Lesson 18 Time Machine...... 381

v Applications and Processes Lesson 19 Application Installation...... 409 Lesson 20 Document Management...... 457 Lesson 21 Application Management and Troubleshooting...... 501

Network Configuration Lesson 22 Network Essentials...... 549 Lesson 23 Advanced Network Configuration ...... 575 Lesson 24 Network Troubleshooting...... 625

Network Services Lesson 25 Network Services ...... 649 Lesson 26 Host Sharing and Personal Firewall ...... 699

Peripherals and Printing Lesson 27 Peripherals and Drivers...... 741 Lesson 28 Print and Scan...... 767

System Startup Lesson 29 Startup, Shutdown, and Sleep Modes...... 805 Lesson 30 System Troubleshooting ...... 825

Appendix A Lesson Review Questions and Answers...... Online Appendix B Additional Resources...... Online

Index...... 837 Table of Contents

Installation and Configuration

Lesson 1 About This Guide ...... 3 Learning Methodology ...... 4 Lesson Structure...... 4 Exercise Requirements...... 5 Apple Certification...... 7

Lesson 2 Install OS X Mountain Lion...... 9 Reference 2.1 About OS X Mountain Lion...... 9 Reference 2.2 Installation Choices...... 12 Reference 2.3 Before Upgrading a Previous System...... 13 Reference 2.4 Preparing the System Disk ...... 20 Reference 2.5 Upgrading and Installing...... 22 Reference 2.6 Installer Troubleshooting ...... 26 Exercise 2.1 Prepare a Mac for Upgrade...... 28 Exercise 2.2 Upgrade to OS X Mountain Lion...... 34 Exercise 2.3 Erase a Mac System and Install OS X Mountain Lion. . . . 38 Exercise 2.4 Verify System Installation...... 44

Lesson 3 Setup and Configuration ...... 47 Reference 3.1 Setup Assistant...... 47 Reference 3.2 Migration Assistant ...... 51 Reference 3.3 System Preferences...... 54 Reference 3.4 Configuration Profiles...... 56 Reference 3.5 System Information...... 58 Exercise 3.1 Configure a New OS X System for Exercises...... 61 Exercise 3.2 Configure an Existing OS X System for Exercises...... 65 Exercise 3.3 Examine System Preferences...... 68 Exercise 3.4 Download the Student Materials in a Classroom...... 73 Exercise 3.5 Download the Student Materials Independently...... 76 Exercise 3.6 Install a Configuration Profile...... 79 Exercise 3.7 Examine System Information...... 83

vii viii Contents

Lesson 4 OS X Recovery...... 87 Reference 4.1 Startup from OS X Recovery ...... 88 Reference 4.2 OS X Recovery Utilities...... 88 Reference 4.3 External OS X Recovery Disks...... 91 Exercise 4.1 Use OS X Recovery...... 92 Exercise 4.2 Create a Minimal OS X Recovery Disk...... 98 Exercise 4.3 Create a Full OS X Recovery Disk...... 105

Lesson 5 OS X Software Updates...... 109 Reference 5.1 Apple Software Update ...... 109 Reference 5.2 Manual Software Updates...... 113 Reference 5.3 Installations History...... 116 Exercise 5.1 Use Apple Software Update...... 117 Exercise 5.2 Manually Install Software Updates in a Classroom. . . . . 120 Exercise 5.3 Manually Install Software Updates Independently. . . . . 121

User Accounts

Lesson 6 User Accounts ...... 127 Reference 6.1 User Account Management...... 127 Reference 6.2 Parental Controls...... 133 Reference 6.3 Login and Fast User Switching...... 134 Exercise 6.1 Manage User Accounts ...... 139 Exercise 6.2 Create a Managed User Account...... 147

Lesson 7 User Home Folders ...... 153 Reference 7.1 Home Folder Contents ...... 153 Reference 7.2 Deleting User Accounts...... 156 Reference 7.3 Migrating and Restoring Home Folders...... 157 Exercise 7.1 Restore a Deleted User Account...... 160

Lesson 8 System Security ...... 169 Reference 8.1 User Account Security...... 169 Reference 8.2 Account Passwords...... 171 Reference 8.3 Resetting Passwords...... 174 Reference 8.4 System Security Settings...... 180 Reference 8.5 Firmware Password ...... 187 Contents ix

Exercise 8.1 Reset Account Passwords in OS X Recovery...... 188 Exercise 8.2 Reset Account Passwords ...... 190 Exercise 8.3 Synchronize Keychain Passwords...... 194 Exercise 8.4 Use a Firmware Password...... 198

Lesson 9 Keychain Management...... 201 Reference 9.1 Keychain System...... 201 Reference 9.2 Keychain Management ...... 202 Exercise 9.1 Manage Keychains...... 207

File Systems

Lesson 10 File Systems and Storage...... 217 Reference 10.1 File System Components...... 217 Reference 10.2 Managing File Systems...... 222 Reference 10.3 Mounting, Unmounting, and Ejecting ...... 229 Exercise 10.1 Repartition a Disk Dynamically...... 234 Exercise 10.2 Erase and Partition a Disk...... 236 Exercise 10.3 Examine Disk Ejection...... 240 Exercise 10.4 Securely Erase Disk Data...... 244 Exercise 10.5 Encrypt a Volume...... 247

Lesson 11 FileVault 2...... 251 Reference 11.1 FileVault 2 Technology ...... 251 Reference 11.2 Enabling FileVault 2...... 253 Reference 11.3 FileVault 2 Recovery...... 256 Exercise 11.1 Enable FileVault 2...... 258 Exercise 11.2 Restart a FileVault 2–Protected System...... 262 Exercise 11.3 Use a FileVault 2 Recovery Key...... 264 Exercise 11.4 Turn Off FileVault 2...... 267

Lesson 12 Permissions and Sharing ...... 269 Reference 12.1 File System Permissions...... 269 Reference 12.2 Permissions for Sharing...... 276 Reference 12.3 Managing Permissions...... 280 Exercise 12.1 Create Items with Default Permissions...... 285 Exercise 12.2 Test Permissions Changes...... 288 x Contents

Lesson 13 File System Troubleshooting ...... 291 Reference 13.1 File System Inspection...... 291 Reference 13.2 Troubleshoot Partitions and Volumes...... 293 Reference 13.3 Troubleshoot File System Permissions ...... 297 Exercise 13.1 Examine Local Storage...... 300 Exercise 13.2 Repair Partitions and Volumes in Target Disk Mode. . . . 305 Exercise 13.3 Repair Partitions and Volumes in OS X Recovery Mode. . 312

Data Management

Lesson 14 Hidden Items and Shortcuts...... 319 Reference 14.1 Hidden Items...... 319 Reference 14.2 Bundles and Packages ...... 322 Reference 14.3 File System Shortcuts...... 324 Exercise 14.1 Navigate Hidden Items ...... 329

Lesson 15 System Resources...... 333 Reference 15.1 OS X File Structure...... 333 Reference 15.2 Font Resources and Font Book...... 340 Exercise 15.1 Manage Font Resources...... 343

Lesson 16 Metadata and Spotlight...... 349 Reference 16.1 File System Metadata...... 349 Reference 16.2 Spotlight Search ...... 352 Exercise 16.1 Examine File Metadata ...... 360 Exercise 16.2 Search Using Spotlight...... 361

Lesson 17 File Archives...... 367 Reference 17.1 File Archive Comparison ...... 367 Reference 17.2 Zip Archives ...... 368 Reference 17.3 Disk Images...... 370 Exercise 17.1 Create Disk Images...... 376

Lesson 18 Time Machine ...... 381 Reference 18.1 Time Machine Architecture...... 381 Reference 18.2 Configuring Time Machine ...... 385 Reference 18.3 Restoring from Time Machine...... 390 Exercise 18.1 Enable and Configure Time Machine...... 395 Exercise 18.2 Restore Using Time Machine...... 401 Contents xi

Applications and Processes

Lesson 19 Application Installation ...... 409 Reference 19.1 The Mac App Store...... 409 Reference 19.2 Application Environments ...... 421 Reference 19.3 Application Security...... 427 Reference 19.4 Traditional Installation Methods...... 433 Reference 19.5 Removing Installed Software ...... 437 Exercise 19.1 Use the Mac App Store ...... 438 Exercise 19.2 Use an Installer Package ...... 446 Exercise 19.3 Use a Drag-and-Drop Install ...... 449 Exercise 19.4 Remove Applications...... 453

Lesson 20 Document Management...... 457 Reference 20.1 Launch Services ...... 457 Reference 20.2 Quick Look...... 462 Reference 20.3 Auto Save and Versions...... 465 Reference 20.4 Document Locking...... 471 Reference 20.5 Documents in iCloud...... 473 Reference 20.6 Automatic Resume...... 479 Exercise 20.1 Use Alternate Applications...... 481 Exercise 20.2 Use Auto Save and Versions...... 486 Exercise 20.3 Manage Document Locking...... 490 Exercise 20.4 Store Documents in iCloud...... 492 Exercise 20.5 Manage Automatic Resume ...... 497

Lesson 21 Application Management and Troubleshooting.501 Reference 21.1 Applications and Processes...... 501 Reference 21.2 Monitoring Applications and Processes...... 505 Reference 21.3 Application Troubleshooting ...... 511 Reference 21.4 Assistive Technologies...... 521 Reference 21.5 Managing Dashboard...... 526 Exercise 21.1 Force Applications to Quit ...... 530 Exercise 21.2 Troubleshoot Preferences ...... 536 Exercise 21.3 Examine Application Diagnostics...... 541 xii Contents

Network Configuration

Lesson 22 Network Essentials ...... 549 Reference 22.1 Network Concepts...... 550 Reference 22.2 Networks in Action ...... 554 Reference 22.3 Basic Network Configuration...... 561 Exercise 22.1 Connect to a Wi-Fi Network ...... 567 Exercise 22.2 Monitor Network Connectivity...... 571

Lesson 23 Advanced Network Configuration...... 575 Reference 23.1 Network Locations...... 575 Reference 23.2 Network Interfaces and Protocols...... 579 Reference 23.3 Network Services ...... 584 Reference 23.4 VPN Configuration...... 588 Reference 23.5 Advanced Network Configuration...... 593 Exercise 23.1 Configure Network Locations ...... 604 Exercise 23.2 Configure Network Service Order...... 612 Exercise 23.3 Configure VPN Settings...... 616 Exercise 23.4 Advanced Wi-Fi Configuration...... 620

Lesson 24 Network Troubleshooting...... 625 Reference 24.1 General Network Troubleshooting ...... 625 Reference 24.2 Network Utility...... 630 Exercise 24.1 Network Troubleshooting...... 636

Network Services

Lesson 25 Network Services...... 649 Reference 25.1 Network Services Architecture...... 649 Reference 25.2 Network Service Applications...... 651 Reference 25.3 File Sharing Protocols...... 663 Reference 25.4 Connecting to File Shares...... 664 Reference 25.5 Network Service Troubleshooting...... 675 Exercise 25.1 Configure a Network Service Account...... 680 Exercise 25.2 Use File Sharing Services...... 686 Exercise 25.3 Troubleshoot Network Services...... 692 Contents xiii

Lesson 26 Host Sharing and Personal Firewall...... 699 Reference 26.1 Host Sharing Services ...... 699 Reference 26.2 Screen Sharing...... 707 Reference 26.3 AirDrop...... 716 Reference 26.4 Personal Firewall...... 719 Reference 26.5 Shared Service Troubleshooting...... 723 Exercise 26.1 Use Host Sharing Services...... 725 Exercise 26.2 Configure the Personal Firewall...... 731

Peripherals and Printing

Lesson 27 Peripherals and Drivers...... 741 Reference 27.1 Peripheral Technologies...... 741 Reference 27.2 Bluetooth Peripherals...... 753 Reference 27.3 Peripheral Troubleshooting...... 757 Exercise 27.1 Examine Peripherals via System Information ...... 762

Lesson 28 Print and Scan...... 767 Reference 28.1 Print System Architecture...... 767 Reference 28.2 Print and Scan Configuration...... 770 Reference 28.3 Managing Print Jobs...... 779 Reference 28.4 Print System Troubleshooting ...... 786 Exercise 28.1 Configure a Bonjour Printer...... 788 Exercise 28.2 Manage Printing...... 793 Exercise 28.3 Troubleshoot the Printing System...... 800

System Startup

Lesson 29 Startup, Shutdown, and Sleep Modes. . . . . 805 Reference 29.1 System Initialization...... 805 Reference 29.2 User Session...... 812 Reference 29.3 Sleep Modes, Logout, and Shutdown...... 816 Exercise 29.1 Examine System Startup...... 820 xiv Contents

Lesson 30 System Troubleshooting...... 825 Reference 30.1 Startup Shortcuts ...... 825 Reference 30.2 System Initialization Troubleshooting...... 827 Reference 30.3 User Session Troubleshooting...... 831 Exercise 30.1 Use Single-User Mode...... 832

Appendix A Lesson Review Questions and Answers. . .Online Appendix B Additional Resources ...... Online

Index ...... 837 This page intentionally left blank

Lesson 4 OS X Recovery

From a troubleshooting viewpoint, one of the most useful OS X features is the OS X Recovery system. OS X Recovery Goals replaces functionality previously accessed via an OS X instal- ▶▶ Access the utilities lation DVD. This enables you to not only reinstall OS X but also available in OS X to access a variety of administration and troubleshooting utili- Recovery ties. The primary difference is that the OS X Recovery system ▶▶ Reinstall OS X from is, by default, located on the primary system disk. This allows OS X Recovery easy “anytime” access to recovery utilities without the need for ▶▶ Create an external OS X additional media. Recovery disk

The OS X Recovery system partition, dubbed Recovery HD, is a hidden partition that will never appear in the graphical interface when running OS X. The Recovery HD partition is automatically created out of the last 700 MB or so of the installation destination. In this lesson you will learn how to access OS X Recovery on both new Macs that came with OS X preinstalled and on systems that were upgraded to OS X. You will also briefly explore the utilities available from OS X Recovery. As long as you don’t make any perma- nent changes using the utilities in OS X Recovery, you can safely explore without damag- ing your primary OS X system.

87 88 OS X Recovery

Reference 4.1 Startup from OS X Recovery Mac systems running OS X Mountain Lion, including both systems that shipped with OS X Mountain Lion and upgraded systems, include a hidden OS X Recovery system on the local system disk. To access this copy of OS X Recovery, simply restart the Mac while holding the Command-R keyboard shortcut. Once the OS X Recovery system fully starts, the OS X Utilities window appears. From there you can install (or reinstall) OS X and choose from a variety of maintenance applications. If for some reason OS X Recovery doesn’t start or isn’t installed on the local system disk, there are two alternatives for accessing it:

▶▶ If you have a Mac model released in mid-2010 or later—Assuming your Mac has the latest firmware updates, it’s capable of accessing OS X Internet Recovery. As the name implies, your late-model Mac can attempt to redownload the OS X Recovery system from Apple servers. If the local OS X Recovery system is missing, late-model Macs should automatically attempt to access OS X Internet Recovery. You can also force a system to start up to OS X Internet Recovery by holding the Command-Option-R keyboard shortcut.

MORE INFO ▶ For more about using OS X Internet Recovery, see Knowledge Base document HT4718, “OS X: About OS X Recovery,” and document HT4904, “Computers that can be upgraded to use OS X Internet Recovery.”

▶▶ If you have an external OS X Recovery disk—Connect the OS X Recovery disk to your Mac and restart the Mac while holding the Option key. This opens the Mac computer’s Startup Manager, where you can use the arrow and Return keys or the mouse and trackpad to select the OS X Recovery HD. Reference section 4.3, “External OS X Recovery Disks,” covers this topic in greater detail.

Reference 4.2 OS X Recovery Utilities OS X Recovery is a useful administrative and troubleshooting resource. When you start up from this system, you will have access to several system administration and maintenance tools. This system even has a few utilities you cannot find anywhere else in OS X. Again, when you first start the OS X Recovery system, you are greeted with the OS X Utilities window. OS X Recovery Utilities 89

NOTE ▶ When a Mac is started up from OS X Recovery, Ethernet and Wi-Fi networking is available if the network provides DHCP services. While Ethernet is automatically enabled if physically connected, you can connect to a wireless network from the Wi-Fi menu item.

NOTE ▶ While running from OS X Recovery, if the Mac computer’s system disk is protected by FileVault 2, any access to this disk will first require unlocking of the disk. In most cases, any local user’s password on the system should be allowed to unlock the system FileVault 2 drive. Lesson 11, “FileVault 2,” covers this topic in greater detail.

From the OS X Utilities window in OS X Recovery, you can access:

▶▶ Restore From Time Machine Backup—You can use this to restore a full-system Time Machine backup from either a network or a locally connected disk. Lesson 18, “Time Machine,” covers this topic in greater detail. ▶▶ Reinstall OS X—As the name implies, this will open the OS X Installer. If you are running from a full OS X Restore system, like the OS X Mountain Lion Recovery Disk purchased from Apple, the disk contains all the OS X installation assets. However, the local hidden OS X Recovery HD and disks created with OS X Recovery Disk Assistant do not contain the installation assets and thus require Internet access to reinstall OS X. Further, the OS X Installer must verify that the user is allowed access to the OS X Mountain Lion assets. On older Macs that were upgraded to OS X Mountain Loin, you will have to verify the installation by providing the Apple ID used to purchase OS X. For Macs that shipped with OS X Mountain Lion, this verification is automatic. Lesson 2, “Install OS X Mountain Lion,” covers this topic in greater detail. 90 OS X Recovery

▶▶ Get Help Online—This will open Safari, directed to the Apple support website. ▶▶ Disk Utility—This application is responsible for storage-related administration and maintenance. It is especially useful when the Mac has started up from OS X Recovery, because Disk Utility can be used to manage a system disk that otherwise can’t be managed when in use as the startup disk. Specifically, Disk Utility can be used to prepare a disk for a new installation of OS X or to attempt repairs on a disk that fails installation. Lesson 10, “File Systems and Storage,” covers this topic in greater detail. ▶▶ Startup Disk (by clicking the close button or quitting)—If you attempt to quit the OS X Utilities window, it will prompt you to start the Startup Disk utility. This utility will allow you to select the default system startup disk. The default startup disk can be overridden using any of the alternate startup modes discussed in Lesson 30, “System Troubleshooting.”

Wait, there’s more. OS X Recovery has a few extra utilities hidden in the Utilities menu at the top of the screen:

▶▶ Firmware Password Utility—This utility will allow you to secure the Mac computer’s startup process by disabling all alternate startup modes without a password. You can disable or enable this feature and define the required password. You can find out more about Firmware Password in Lesson 8, “System Security.” External OS X Recovery Disks 91

▶▶ Network Utility—This is the primary network and Internet troubleshooting utility in OS X. The primary use of this utility in OS X Recovery is to troubleshoot any network issues that could prevent the download of OS X installation assets. The Network utility is further discussed in Lesson 24, “Network Troubleshooting.” ▶▶ Terminal—This is your primary interface to the UNIX command-line environment of OS X. The most useful command you can enter from here is simply resetpassword fol- lowed by the Return key. ▶▶ Reset Password opened via Terminal—This utility will allow you to reset the password of any local user account, including the root user, on the selected system disk. Obviously, this is a dangerous utility that can pose a serious security threat. Because of this, the Reset Password utility will only run from OS X Recovery. You can find out more about Reset Password in Lesson 8, “System Security.”

NOTE ▶ The utilities available from OS X Recovery can certainly be used to compromise system security. Then again, any system whose default startup disk can be overridden during startup is wide open to compromise. Therefore, in secured environments it’s often necessary to use the Firmware Password utility to help protect your systems.

Reference 4.3 External OS X Recovery Disks In some cases, a Mac with OS X installed does not have a local OS X Recovery HD. For example, if you just replaced the internal disk with a new disk, nothing will be on the new disk. Also, OS X systems on RAID sets and disks with nonstandard Boot Camp partitioning will not have a local OS X Recovery HD. In these cases, you would need to start up from an external OS X Recovery disk. Also, having an external OS X Recovery disk handy can be a real lifesaver should you come across a Mac with a dysfunctional system disk. Alternatively, two do-it-yourself solutions exist to convert a standard disk into an OS X Recovery disk. The first involves creating a minimal OS X Recovery disk using OS X Recovery Disk Assistant. The second solution creates a full OS X Recovery disk using the contents inside the Install Mac OS X application.

▶▶ Create a minimal OS X Recovery disk—The advantage to creating an OS X Recovery disk with this method is that it only requires a 1 GB USB flash disk. This method is fully supported by Apple as it’s initiated through the OS X Recovery Disk Assistant, available on the Apple support downloads website. The downside to this method is that the resulting OS X Recovery disk will not contain the OS X installation assets. 92 OS X Recovery

Thus, when running OS X Recovery from this disk, if you need to reinstall OS X, the system will have to download the OS X installation assets from the Internet. Exercise 4.2, “Create a Minimal OS X Recovery Disk,” outlines the steps necessary to create this type of disk. ▶▶ Create a full OS X Recovery disk—The advantage to creating an OS X Recovery disk with this method is that it will include the full OS X installation assets on the disk. This method involves using Disk Utility to copy the Install OS X Mountain Lion application assets to an external drive. However, the downside to this method is that it requires an 8 GB disk. Exercise 4.3, “Create a Full OS X Recovery Disk,” outlines the steps necessary to create this type of disk.

NOTE ▶ When creating your own OS X Recovery disks, make sure to keep track of the specific version of OS X you are using. As covered in Lesson 2, “Install OS X Mountain Lion,” newer Mac systems do not support older versions of OS X and may require computer-specific builds of OS X. As such, you should always keep your OS X Recovery disks updated to the latest versions of OS X available from the Mac App Store.

Exercise 4.1 Use OS X Recovery

▶ Prerequisites

▶▶ Your computer must have a local hidden Recovery HD partition. This partition normally is created by the OS X Mountain Lion installation process.

In this exercise you will start up your computer in OS X Recovery. OS X Recovery is stored on a hidden partition named Recovery HD that is created automatically when OS X is installed on the hard disk. You will review the included utilities as well as how OS X Recovery can reinstall the system itself.

NOTE ▶ You will not perform an installation, but you will get an opportunity to look at the steps leading up to the installation.

Start Up Using OS X Recovery To access the Installer and other utilities in OS X Recovery, you need to start up from the hidden Recovery HD partition.

1 If your computer is on, shut it down by choosing Apple menu > Shut Down. Use OS X Recovery 93

2 Press the power button on your computer, and then hold down Command-R until the gray Apple appears on the screen. When you hold down Command-R during startup, the computer attempts to start up using a recovery partition on the hard disk. If no recovery partition is available, Macs with newer firmware can actually start up from an Apple server over the Internet and get access to the OS X Recovery features. If your computer starts up to the login screen instead of OS X Recovery, you may not have held Command-R long enough. If this happens, click the Shut Down button and try again. If your computer displays a globe icon with the text “Starting Internet Recovery. This may take a while,” your computer was unable to find a local Recovery partition. If the Recovery partition exists, you can shut down your computer by holding the power button for 10 seconds, and then select the Recovery partition using the Startup Manager (see the instructions in Exercise 4.2, in the “Test the OS X Recovery Disk” section). If your computer does not have a Recovery partition, you can let it finish starting into Internet Recovery, and then proceed with this exercise.

3 If a language selection screen appears, select your preferred language and click the right-arrow button.

4 After OS X Recovery starts up, you will see a Mac OS X Utilities window. This window is the primary interface for OS X Recovery.

If you see a Welcome screen instead, you probably pressed Command-R too late or did not hold it down long enough. You can start over by pressing Command-Q, and then clicking the Shut Down button. 94 OS X Recovery

Examine the Utilities Available in OS X Recovery While running OS X Recovery, you have access to some utilities for recovering, repairing, and reinstalling OS X. In this part of the exercise you will look at some of these utilities in order to become more familiar with them.

View Help for OS X Recovery You will use Safari to view the built-in instructions of OS X Recovery and to browse the web.

1 Select Get Help Online, and then click Continue. Safari opens and displays a document with information about how to use OS X Recovery. Take a moment to skim the document. This document is stored on the Recovery HD partition, but as long as you have an Internet connection available, you can also use Safari to view online documentation such as the Apple Knowledge Base.

2 Click the Apple bookmark.

Safari now displays the Apple website. 3 If Safari displays a message that “You are not connected to the Internet,” you can join a wireless network using the Wi-Fi icon near the right side of the menu bar.

4 If you are prompted to unlock the Login keychain, click OK.

5 Click the Support link near the top right of the page. You are taken to the support section of the Apple site. If you were experiencing a problem with your computer, this would be a good place to look for solutions and information. You will use some of the Apple support resources later in this guide.

6 From the menu bar, choose Safari > Quit Safari to return to the main utilities screen. Use OS X Recovery 95

Note that closing the Safari window does not actually quit Safari. This is common among Mac applications, but if you are accustomed to using Microsoft Windows it may be contrary to your expectations. Generally, the best way to quit a Mac application is to choose Quit from the application menu (the menu next to the Apple menu, named for the current application); you can use the keyboard shortcut Command-Q.

Examine Disk Utility Disk Utility is provided in OS X Recovery to allow you to repair, image, reformat, or repartition your computer’s disk.

1 Select Disk Utility, and then click Continue. In the Device List on the left, you will see your disk device and Mac OS X Base System disk image. Note the primary entry for each physical disk device and an indented list of volumes on each device (discussed in more detail in Lesson 10, “File Systems and Storage”).

2 Select the entry that represents your startup volume. It will typically be named Macintosh HD. Notice the options available to perform on the volume: First Aid, Erase, RAID, and Restore. Among the reasons Disk Utility is provided in OS X Recovery is to allow you to verify or repair the startup volume’s file structure, or if necessary to erase the volume before reinstalling OS X. 96 OS X Recovery

3 Select the entry that represents your disk (just above the startup volume). Notice that the Partition option is now available. 4 Quit Disk Utility by choosing Disk Utility > Quit Disk Utility (or by pressing Command-Q). You are returned to the main screen.

Examine Time Machine Restoration If you backed up your computer with Time Machine, OS X Recovery has the capability to do a full system restoration from that backup. Setting up Time Machine is covered in Lesson 17, “File Archives.”

1 Select Restore From Time Machine Backup, and then click Continue. A page of notes on the restoration process appears. It is important to note that this restoration interface will erase all current data and replace it from the backup; other restoration interfaces that let you control which files or folders are restored are exam- ined later.

2 Click Continue. The “Select a Backup Source” screen appears. If you had configured a Time Machine backup target, it would be available here as a source for restoring your system.

3 Click Go Back to return to the Restore Your System screen.

4 Click Go Back again to return to the main screen.

Examine the OS X Installer Now you will examine the reinstallation process, but you will not perform the installation. By going through the following steps, you can experience the configuration of an installation without actually waiting for the OS X software to be copied to your system.

1 Select Reinstall OS X, and then click Continue. The OS X Mountain Lion installer opens. 2 Click Continue. A dialog appears indicating that this computer’s eligibility will be verified with Apple. Use OS X Recovery 97

3 Click Continue.

4 At the license agreement, click Agree.

5 In the license confirmation dialog, click Agree again. The OS X installer displays a list of partitions where you could install or reinstall OS X.

NOTE ▶ Do not click the Install button; otherwise the Installer will reinstall OS X, which you do not want to do at this time.

6 Quit the Installer.

Verify Your Startup Disk and Restart The Startup Disk utility allows you to select the volume from which to start up. If you are having problems during system startup from your computer’s internal disk, you could connect a second disk with OS X installed and use Startup Disk to configure the computer to start up from the new disk.

1 From the Apple menu, choose Startup Disk. Notice that Startup Disk shows you a list of all startup volumes. One of the options may be Network Startup or one or more NetBoot images, depending on what it finds on your network.

2 Verify that your computer’s normal startup volume (typically named Macintosh HD) is selected; if necessary, select it. 98 OS X Recovery

3 Click Restart.

4 In the confirmation dialog, click Restart. You could also restart without using the Startup Disk utility by choosing Apple menu > Restart.

Exercise 4.2 Create a Minimal OS X Recovery Disk

▶ Prerequisites

▶▶ Your computer must have a local hidden Recovery HD partition.

▶▶ You need an erasable external disk with a capacity of at least 1 GB.

▶▶ You must have created the Local Admin account (Exercise 3.1 or 3.2).

The OS X Recovery partition can help you recover from many problems that might otherwise render your computer unusable, but there are a few issues it cannot help with. For instance, anything that renders the computer’s startup disk unreadable, such as a damaged partition table or even complete disk failure, will also prevent the Recovery HD partition from being used. This exercise will explore another option: You can copy OS X Recovery onto an external disk, such as a USB flash disk, for use in case of emergency.

NOTE ▶ You must run the Recovery Disk Assistant from a Mac system that contains a local hidden OS X Recovery HD. Create a Minimal OS X Recovery Disk 99

Download the Recovery Disk Assistant The following steps walk you through searching the Apple support resources for the OS X Recovery Disk Assistant, and downloading it.

1 Open Safari. Note the shortcut for it in your Dock.

2 If you are not automatically taken to the Apple website, click the Apple shortcut in the Safari bookmark bar.

3 Click the Support link near the top right of the Apple web page. The support section of the Apple website includes a wide variety of resources, including software downloads, manuals and specifications, the Apple Knowledge Base, and links to warranty and repair information.

4 In the search field to the right of the Support link (not the search field in the Safari toolbar), enter recovery disk assistant, and press Return.

The search results page has a number of options to change and refine your search, but you should not need these here; one of the first search results should be a download page (indicated by a green down-arrow icon) for OS X Recovery Disk Assistant. 100 OS X Recovery

5 Click the link for the OS X Recovery Disk Assistant.

6 Click the Download button. While it downloads, take a moment to skim the information in the download page. Note that it includes a summary of what the program is and how to use it, as well as its version, system requirements, and a list of supported languages.

7 When the download is complete, quit Safari.

Reformat the External Disk Most external disks come preformatted with the MBR partition scheme; in order to allow an Intel Mac to start up from it, you must reformat this disk with the GUID Partition Table (GPT) partition scheme. Disk formats are discussed in more detail in Lesson 10 “File Systems and Storage.”

Warning ▶ This operation will erase all information on the external disk. Do not perform this exercise with a disk that contains any files you want to keep.

1 Open Disk Utility. It is located in the Utilities folder, which is inside the Applications folder. You can navigate to this folder in the Finder, use the Finder shortcut Command-Shift-U, or open Launchpad from the Dock and then select the Other icon in Launchpad.

2 Plug the external disk into your computer.

3 If you are prompted for a password to unlock the disk, the disk is encrypted and cannot be used for this exercise. If this happens, eject the disk and use a different disk for the exercise.

4 Select the external disk device entry in the Disk Utility sidebar. Be sure to select the device entry, not the volume entry indented beneath it.

5 Check the Partition Map Scheme listed at the bottom of the window. Depending on what this disk was used for most recently, the partition scheme could be anything. In order to convert it to the GPT scheme, you will erase the disk. If it is already using the GPT scheme, this is not strictly necessary, but you should erase it just to be sure. Create a Minimal OS X Recovery Disk 101

It is also possible to partition the disk, and use only part of it for OS X Recovery. The download page has a link to more information about OS X Recovery Disk Assistant, including the partitioning procedure.

6 Click the Erase tab.

7 Choose Mac OS Extended (Journaled) from the Format pop-up menu.

8 Click the Erase button near the bottom right of the window.

9 In the confirmation dialog, click Erase.

10 Verify that the Partition Map Scheme is now listed as GUID Partition Table. 102 OS X Recovery

Since you erased the entire disk, rather than a single volume within the disk, Disk Utility has rebuilt the partition map as well. Although a Mac OS Extended volume can be created under any supported partition scheme, Disk Utility created a GUID Partition Table because it is the best fit.

11 Quit Disk Utility.

Create an OS X Recovery Disk

1 Near the right of the Dock is a shortcut for your Downloads folder. Click it once to show its contents.

2 Click RecoveryDiskAssistant.dmg to open it. The disk image opens, and its contents—the Recovery Disk Assistant application—appear.

3 Open the Utilities folder by choosing Go > Utilities (or press Command-Shift-U). A new Finder window opens, revealing the contents of the Utilities folder. 4 Drag the Recovery Disk Assistant application to the Utilities folder.

5 A warning dialog appears. Click Authenticate and then enter the password for the Local Admin (ladminpw, or whatever you chose when you created the account). Create a Minimal OS X Recovery Disk 103

6 Once the copy is complete, double-click the Recovery Disk Assistant in the Utilities folder. Since this application was downloaded from the Internet, a warning dialog opens providing information about where the application came from. Since malware is some- times distributed via web download, this warning gives you a chance to decide if you can really trust this software before running it. This feature is discussed in more detail in Lesson 19, “Application Installation.” As this application was downloaded directly from the Apple website, you can go ahead and trust it.

7 Click Open.

8 In the license agreement, click Agree.

9 Select the icon for your external disk and click Continue. 104 OS X Recovery

10 Authenticate as Local Admin when prompted. The creation process takes a few minutes. 11 When the process completes, click Quit.

Test the OS X Recovery Disk

1 From the Apple menu, choose Restart.

2 In the confirmation dialog, click Restart.

3 Hold down the Option key as the computer restarts. Keep holding it until a row of icons appears across the screen. This is the Startup Manager, which allows you to choose which volume to start up from. You will see your regular startup volume (normally Macintosh HD), and two volumes named Recovery-10.8, one with a disk icon and one with a USB, FireWire, or Thunderbolt icon. Since both your external disk and your computer’s internal disk now have valid, up-to-date Recovery-10.8 volumes, you could access OS X Recovery with either one of them.

4 If you have not used OS X Recovery before, you can select the Recovery drive, then click the up-arrow button that appears underneath it. Then, follow the instructions in Exercise 4.1 to explore the features of OS X Recovery.

5 If you have already performed Exercise 4.1, you have already experienced OS X Recovery, and you can start up from your normal startup volume instead. Unplug the external disk, select the Macintosh HD icon, and then click the up-arrow button below it. Create a Full OS X Recovery Disk 105

Exercise 4.3 Create a Full OS X Recovery Disk

▶ Prerequisites

▶▶ You need an erasable external disk with a capacity of at least 8 GB.

▶▶ You must have created the Local Admin account (Exercise 3.1 or 3.2).

In this exercise, you will create a “Full” OS X Recovery disk, which not only includes the OS X Recovery environment and tools, but also a full set of installation assets. With a disk created by this method, you can reinstall OS X Mountain Lion without needing to redownload the installer application from the Internet.

Acquire a Copy of the Install OS X Mountain Lion Application If you upgraded to OS X Mountain Lion following the instructions in Exercise 2.2 and saved a copy of the installer application, you may use it and skip this section. If you are performing these exercises as part of a class, the instructor may have provided a copy in the StudentMaterials folder. Otherwise, if you have already purchased OS X Mountain Lion from the Mac App Store you can redownload the installer with the following procedure:

1 From the Apple menu, choose App Store. Note that the Mac App Store is discussed in more detail in Lesson 19, “Application Installation.”

2 From the menu bar, choose Store > Sign In. 106 OS X Recovery

3 Enter the Apple ID and password you used to purchase OS X Mountain Lion. Click Sign In.

4 Hold the Option key as you click the Purchases icon in the toolbar. Holding the Option key makes OS X Mountain Lion appear in your purchases list with a Download button, even though you have already installed it.

5 Click the Download button for OS X Mountain Lion and wait for it to download.

Reformat the External Disk Follow the instructions in the “Reformat the External Disk” section of Exercise 4.2, but do not quit Disk Utility at the end.

Create a Full OS X Recovery Disk

1 In Disk Utility, click the Restore tab near the top right.

2 Drag the volume from your external disk (generally named Untitled since it was just erased) from the sidebar into the Destination field. Create a Full OS X Recovery Disk 107

The image you need to use as a source is concealed inside the Install OS X Mountain Lion package, so you will need to use a special trick to find it. Packages are discussed in Lesson 14, “Hidden Items and Shortcuts.”

3 Switch to the Finder, and find the installer app, in either the Applications folder or StudentMaterials/Lesson4.

4 Control-click the installer app, and choose Show Package Contents from the shortcut menu.

5 Inside the package, navigate to Contents/SharedSupport.

6 In the SharedSupport folder, select the file InstallESD.dmg, and drag it into the Source field in the Disk Utility window. 108 OS X Recovery

The Disk Utility window now shows InstallESD.dmg in the Source field and Untitled in the Destination field.

7 Click the Restore button near the bottom right of the window.

8 In the confirmation dialog, click Erase.

9 When you are prompted, authenticate as Local Admin (password: ladminpw, or whatever you chose when you created the account). It will take anywhere from a few minutes to a half hour to copy the full installer to the external disk.

10 When the copy is complete, quit Disk Utility.

11 If you like, you can use the Finder to change the disk’s name from “Mac OS X Install ESD” to something more descriptive. Adding the specific version number is a good idea.

Test the OS X Recovery Disk Follow the instructions in the “Test the OS X Recovery Disk” section of Exercise 4.2, but note that the disk will be named either “Mac OS X Install ESD” or whatever you renamed it to in the previous section. Index

Numbers Account Setup Assistant, login window options, 6 to 4, support for virtual network configuring e‑mail service 134–135 services, 582 with, 656 network service access 32-bit/64-bit modes Accounts, administrator issues, 725 64-bit EFI firmware, 16 configuration profiles overview of, 127 comparing, 503–505 used by, 57 parental controls, 133–134 opening app in 32-bit creating, 65–67 passwords, 171–172 mode, 534–535 creating new, 835–836 preferences, 145–147 simultaneous 32 and 64-bit installing updates and, 111 resetting passwords, 188–190, support, 503 Local Admin account, 191–192 802.1X. see also Wi-Fi networks 139–140 restoring deleted accounts configuration, 598–599 required by App Store, 410 and, 160–161 OS X built-in support resetting passwords, security, 169–171 for, 583 175, 191–192 synchronizing keychain 1394 (FireWire). see FireWire Accounts, creating computer password with account (IEEE 1394) account with Setup password, 213–214 Assistant, 50–51, 63–64 types of, 128–129 A Accounts, network services Users & Groups configuring, 653–655 preferences, 130–131 AATC (Apple Authorized setting up new using/creating iCloud Training Center), 5 accounts, 681–684 accounts, 143–144 About This Mac testing new accounts, ACEs (access control entries), 273 accessing system 684–685 ACLs (access control lists) information, 301 viewing, 680–681 overview of, 272–273 examining system Accounts, user resetting with Reset information, 83–85 attributes, 131–133 Password utility, Access control entries (ACEs), 273 enabling FileVault 2, 299–300 Access control lists (ACLs) 253–254 ACMT (Apple Certified overview of, 272–273 exercise creating account Macintosh Technician), 8 resetting with Reset with parental ACSP (Apple Certified Support Password utility, controls, 148–149 Professional), 7 299–300 exercise testing account ACTC (Apple Certified Technical Access issues, network with parental controls, Coordinator 10.8), 8 services, 725 150–151 Activity Monitor Accessibility features fast user switching, 136–139 examining process Dictation, 525–526 home folders. see Home hierarchy, 822–824 overview of, 521 folders forcing application to quit, Speakable Items, 523–524 keychains and, 202 513, 532–534 Universal Access, 521–522 local group, 130 forcing widget to quit, 529 VoiceOver, 522–523 logging in, 142

837 838 Index

monitoring processes AirDrop linking to iCloud with, 507–510 architecture, 716–717 account, 143 opening app in 32-bit using recovery key, 717–719 managing App Store mode, 534–535 Wi-Fi sharing feature, 566 account, 415–416 viewing launchd AirPort prerequisites for using hierarchy, 812 firewall built-in, 720 App Store, 23 viewing system processes OS X built-in support for purchasing apps, 440–442 and usage, 535 Wi-Fi, 580 required for App Store, 410 Ad hoc messaging, 663 Aliases resetting password Ad hoc networks, disabling, 566 managing, 327–328 combined with Apple Add Printer window, 772–775 overview of, 324–325 ID, 192–194 Address Book, 660. see also user account attributes, 132 resetting password due to Contacts Alternative data streams, writing unsuccessful login Address Resolution Protocol metadata to, 352 attempts, 175 (ARP), 556 Analog modems, OS X built-in setting up, 49 Admin group, 128–129 support for, 583 signing in to App Store, 414 Administrative users Analog stereo audio, 751 verifying and managing, 418 overview of, 128 AOL Instant Messenger Apple Installer. see also security of, 170 (AIM), 662 Installation packages Administrator accounts APM (Apple Partition Map), advanced features, 115–116 configuration profiles 218–219 installation packages used by, 57 App Store. see Mac App Store and, 436–437 creating, 65–67 Apple installing update creating new, 835–836 Java SE 6 from Apple, downloaded from installing updates and, 111 423–424 Internet, 122–123 Local Admin account, open source projects, manual software updates 139–140 426–427 and, 113–114 required by App Store, 410 storing recovery key Apple Knowledge Base, accessing resetting passwords, with, 255 online, 5 175, 191–192 Apple Authorized Training Center Apple menu, Software Update Adobe PDF. see PDF (Portable (AATC), 5 option in, 17 Document Format) Apple Certified Macintosh Apple Partition Map (APM), Advanced network configuration. Technician (ACMT), 8 218–219 see Networking, advanced Apple Certified Support Apple Remote Desktop. see ARD configuration Professional (ACSP), 7 (Apple Remote Desktop) Advanced searches, Spotlight, 353 Apple Certified Technical Apple Root CA, 448 Advanced Technology Coordinator 10.8 (ACTC), 8 AppleDouble file format, Attachment (ATA), 750 Apple Configurator, creating 351–352, 679 AFP (Apple Filing Protocol) configuration profiles, 57 Application accessibility features backing up to network Apple Filing Protocol. see AFP Dictation, 525–526 shares and, 382 (Apple Filing Protocol) overview of, 521 browsing to AFP share, Apple Hardware Test, 295, 826 Speakable Items, 523–524 686–688 Apple ID Universal Access, 521–522 copying files to network combined with VoiceOver, 522–523 shares, 688–689 password, 172 Application environments OS X built-in support computer account setup Java, 423–425 for, 663 and, 50–51 legacy Mac, 423 troubleshooting file sharing configuring for new user native OS X, 422 issues, 679–680 account, 142 open source, 426–427 Agents creating new, 417–418, overview of, 421 background processes, 823 444–445 UNIX, 423 types of processes, 502 downloading OS X Installer X Window System, 425–426 AIM (AOL Instant Messenger), 662 from App Store, 35–36 Index 839

Application installation forcing application to Applications browsing App Store, quit via Force Quit checking compatibility prior 411–412 window, 531–532 to upgrade, 29–33 creating new Apple ID, gathering information contention issues related to 444–445 with System fast user switching, 137 drag-and-drop Information, 507 default location of, 334 installation, 433–436 identifying applications device driver exercise performing drag- with Finder, 505–507 implementations in and-drop install, memory management OS X, 760 449–450 features in OS X, 503 errors due to permissions exercise removing installed monitoring processes with issues, 297 software, 453–456 Activity Monitor, exercise creating account exercise using installer 507–510 with parental package, 446–449 opening app in 32-bit controls, 148–149 installation packages, mode, 534–535 exercise testing account with 436–437 overview of, 501 parental controls, 150 installing from App processes and, 501–503 for locking documents, Store, 413–414 viewing system processes 472–473 limiting access to App and usage, 535 parental controls creating Store, 420–421 Application security list of accessible, 134 Mac App Store and, 409–410 code signing, 428–429 registering, 459–460 managing App Store file quarantines, 429–430 standards supported by account, 415–418 Gatekeeper system, OS X, 11 overview of, 409 430–432 supporting Power Nap, 818 removing installed overview of, 427 as type of process, 501 software, 437–438 process security, 427 verifying application reviewing App Store sandboxing and, 428 compatibility activities, 445–446 temporary bypass of prior to upgrade searching App Store, Gatekeeper, 432–433 installation, 18–19 412–413 testing Gatekeeper Applications, network services selecting app for system, 451–453 Mail, Contacts, & Calendars purchase, 438–441 Application Support folder, 335 preferences, 652 testing purchased app, 445 Application troubleshooting overview of, 651–652 updates, 437 creating custom search troubleshooting, 677–678 updating/managing App query, 543–545 Applications folder Store purchases, creating/locating preview default folders viewable with 418–420 preferences, 536–539 Finder, 333 using Apple ID for diagnostic reports, drag-and-drop installation purchasing apps, 514–516 to, 433 441–442 disabling/restoring optional items common in using iCloud account for preferences, 539 home folder, 155–156 purchasing apps, examining diagnostic overview of, 334 442–443 reports, 541–542 Architecture Application management forcing application to AirDrop, 716–717 64-bit vs. 32-bit modes, quit, 512–513 client/server networks, 503–505 generally, 511–512 649–650 forcing application to managing corrupted iCloud documents, 478–479 quit via Activity preferences, 540–541 network services, 649 Monitor, 532–534 overview of, 511 print system, 767 forcing application to quit preferences and, 516–519 screen sharing, 707–708 via Dock, 530–531 resources and, 519–520 Time Machine, 381–382 840 Index

Archive Utility, 370 saving authentication restoring from with Archiving. see also Backups information to Migration configuring disk keychain, 675 Assistant, 392 images, 371–372 screen sharing and, 710 restoring from with creating disk image VPN configuration and, 590 Time Machine, archives, 374–376 Wi-Fi networks and, 564 390–392, 405–406 creating disk image with Authorization restoring system from, 393 Disk Utility, 376–379 file and screen sharing running out of backup creating empty disk and, 719 space, 385 images, 372–374 permissions and, 269 scheduling, 383 creating zip archives, Auto Save selecting backup 368–369 disabling, 500–501 volume, 398–399 expanding zip archives, exercise using, 486–488 settings, 389–390 369–370 locking documents Bandwidth, 367 mounting disk images, 371 and, 471–472 Baseline, scanning network to overview of, 367 locking documents via create service baseline, types of, 368 applications, 472–473 685–686 ARD (Apple Remote Desktop) managing documents in Binary files, 518–519 control via screen iCloud, 476–477 Bitmap fonts, 340 sharing, 709–712 overview of, 465–467 BLE (Bluetooth low energy), 748 enabling remote Automatic login, login window Bluetooth management, 714–716 options, 135 built-in support for, 579 overview of, 701 Automatic network location, 576 devices, 753–754 remotely controlling Automatic resume pairing devices, 754–755 another computer’s managing, 497–499 peripheral connections, 748 screen, 727–729 overview of, 479 settings, 756–757 screen sharing architecture resume after log out, 479– shared services, 702 and, 707–708 480 startup shortcuts and, 826 screen sharing options, 707 resume after quit, 480–481 support for cellular ARP (Address Resolution user sessions and, 816 connections, 581 Protocol), 556 Automatic updates Bluetooth 1.2, 748 ATA (Advanced Technology installation history Bluetooth 2.1, 748 Attachment), 750 view, 116–117 Bluetooth 3.0, 748 Attributes overview of, 109–111 Bluetooth low energy (BLE), 748 extended attributes, 350–351 software update Bluetooth Setup Assistant, refining Spotlight preferences, 112–113 754–755 searches, 355–356 Bonjour user accounts, 131–133 B configuring Bonjour Audio Backups. see also Archiving; Time printer, 788–793 device classes, 759 Machine configuring network peripheral connectivity and, configuring backup identification, 706 742, 751–753 disks, 387–389 as dynamic service previewing audio files with configuring exclusions, discovery, 703–704 Quick Look, 464 396–398 host network Authentication. see also Passwords to disks or volumes, 382–383 identification, 705 of file sharing services, formats, 384–385 locating shared printers, 777 666–668 manually, 387 name discovery service, 559 installation packages prior to upgrade, 34 Boot Camp, 807 requiring, 436 restoring contacts Boot ROM in network service from, 403–404 checking hardware identification, 651 restoring files from, 404–405 compatibility for permissions and, 269 restoring from with upgrade installation, Finder, 393–395 30, 32 Index 841

firmware updates and, 809 CDs Rosetta compatibility System launchd process keyboard shortcut for environment, 423 and, 807 bootable disks, 826 verifying application Bootable disks, keyboard shortcut shared services, 700–701 compatibility for, 826 Cellular connections, Internet prior to upgrade Booter access via, 580–581 installation, 18–19 overview of, 809–810 Certification, Apple Composite video, 752 selecting, 807–808 programs, 7–8 Compression, of data in stages of system Certification authority (CAs), 448 archiving data and, 367 initialization, 806 Cisco IPSec disk images, 372–373 troubleshooting, 829 manual VPN Computer name BOOTP (Bootstrap Protocol), 560 configuration, 590–591 host network Bootstrap Protocol (BOOTP), 560 OS X support for VPNs, 616 identification, 705 Braille interface, HID (human VPN configuration and, 588 setting, 70–72 input devices), 758 Clean install Computer view, Finder, 309 Browsing choosing installation Configuration profiles to AFP share, 686–688 options, 12–13 installing, 79 App Store, 411–412 performing, 25 for network services to file shares, 664–668 upgrade install compared accounts, 655 Web. see Web browsers with, 24 overview of, 56–58 Bundles Client/server architecture for VPNs, 589 overview of, 322 communication and, 650 Configuring OS X Mountain Lion resources included in, network services and, 649 adjusting Finder 323–324 CNAME (canonical name), preferences, 68–70 Buses verifying DNS settings, 644 adjusting mouse/trackball expansion buses, 749–750 Cocoa, development environment preferences, 72–73 storage buses, 750–751 for native OS X changing Energy Saver Buses, for peripherals application, 422 preferences, 80–82 Bluetooth connections, 748 Code signing configuration profiles, 56–58 FireWire connections, application security connecting to file server 745–746 and, 428–429 in order to download overview of, 743 as Gatekeeper feature, 430 student materials, 74 peripheral connectivity personal firewalls and, 720 copying student materials to and, 742 Column view, Finder, 329 computer, 75–76 Thunderbolt Commands, compared with creating administrator connections, 746–747 applications, 501–502 account, 65–67 USB connections, 743–745 Common UNIX Printing System. downloading student see CUPS (Common UNIX materials from C Printing System) Web, 77–79 Cache files, deleting, 512 Communication examining system CalDAV, 659 issues with, 724–725 information, 83–86 Calendar application network services and, installing a configuration configuration profiles, 56 650–651 profile, 79 overview of, 658–659 Compact Disk File System Migration Assistant Canonical name (CNAME), (CDFS), 221 and, 51–54 verifying DNS settings, 644 CompactFlash cards, 217 overview of, 47 Carbon, development Compatibility setting computer environment for native OS X 64-bit mode and, 504 name, 70–72 application, 422 checking hardware, Setup Assistant and, CardDAV, 661 firmware, and 47–51, 61–65 CAs (certification authority), 448 application System Information, 58–61 CDFS (Compact Disk File compatibility prior System Preferences, 54–56 System), 221 to upgrade, 29–33 842 Index

Connection Doctor overview of, 767–768 implementations in troubleshooting Mail previewing PDF, 798 OS X, 760 application, 678, sharing printers, 777 modifying printer 693–695 troubleshooting print configuration, 776 troubleshooting Messages jobs, 788 overview of, 759–760 application, 678 troubleshooting print Connectivity D jobs, 788 communication issues, 724 Daemons DFS (Distributed File Ethernet issues, 627–628 background processes, 823 Services), 664 monitoring, 571–574 types of processes, 502 DHCP (Dynamic Host of peripherals, 742–743 Dark wake, sleep modes and, 817 Configuration Protocol) standards supported by Darwin open source project, 426 creating DHCP-based OS X, 11 Dashboard network location, testing with ping utility, 32-bit vs. 64-bit mode 606–608 633–634, 638–640 and, 505 examining settings, 605–606 Wi-Fi issues, 628 adding widgets to, 527–528 host network Console application Dock and Dashboard identification, 704 examining diagnostic processes, 528–529 manual IP addressing reports, 541–542 managing widgets, 528 and, 594 searching logs for specific overview of, 526–527 network settings, 48 events, 543–545 troubleshooting overview of, 559–560 verifying Power Nap, 818 widgets, 529–530 troubleshooting, 629 viewing CUPS logs, 800–801 Dashboard process, 528–529 turning off, 605 viewing diagnostic Data Diagnostic reports reports, 515 erasing disk data, 244–247 overview of, 514 viewing firewall logs, 735 hidden items. see Hidden troubleshooting Contacts items applications, 512 configuration profiles, 56 metadata. see Metadata viewing, 541–542 deleting, 402–403 recovering from nonstarting viewing with Console, exercise using contacts from system, 296–297 514–516 iCloud, 496 shortcuts. see Shortcuts Dictation, accessibility importing vCards into, Data fork features, 525–526 399–400 AppleDouble file format Digital cameras, as device overview of, 660–661 and, 351 class, 759 restoring, 403–404 forked file systems and, Digital Video Interface (DVI), 752 testing new accounts, 684 349–350 Directories, Home directory, 133 viewing existing Deleting user accounts Directory services accounts, 680–681 overview of, 156–157 Contacts application Content filtering, parental preserving home folder supporting, 661 controls and, 134 and, 163–164 network service access Cookies, Safari privacy and, 185 Desktop folder, 154, 156 issues, 725 Copying files or folders, 75 Developer ID Certification Disk drives. see Disks Cover Flow view, 463 Authority, 448 Disk images CPU usage, processes and, 508 Device classes, 757–759 configuring, 371–372 Crashes, diagnostic reports Device drivers creating disk image and, 514–516 configuring Bonjour archives, 374–376 Credit cards, for App Store printer, 792 creating empty, 372–374 purchases, 413 CUPS (Common UNIX creating with Disk Utility, CUPS (Common UNIX Printing System) 297, 376–379 Printing System) and, 768–770 mounting, 371 drivers, 768–770 device classes and, 757–758 overview of, 368 examining CUPS logs, 800–801 Index 843

Disk Utility troubleshooting installation testing network connectivity configuring disk issues, 26 with ping utility, images, 371–372 viewing disk 639–640 copy data from nonstarting information, 303–305 troubleshooting, 629 system to functioning Disks. see also Volumes verifying settings with Mac, 297 archiving data and, 367 Lookup utility, 634, 644 creating disk image backing up to, 382–383 DNS cache, troubleshooting, 629 archives, 374–376 configuring backup Dock creating disk images, disks, 387–389 creating shortcuts to file 368, 376–379 ejecting, 240–244 shares, 674 creating empty disk encrypting, 228–229 Dock process, 528–529 images, 372–374 erasing, 225–226, 244–247 forcing application to quit, creating full recovery erasing prior to new 513, 530–531 disk, 106–108 install, 40–41 managing print queue, 796 creating new partition examining with Disk Documents scheme, 237–240 Utility, 292–293 Auto Save, 465–467 ejecting disks, 311 examining with System automatic resume, 479, ejecting volumes, 241–244 Information, 293 497–499 erasing disk drive, 40–41 formatting or changing default application erasing disks or reformatting, 222–223 for opening a file volumes, 225–226 migrating from, 53 type, 483–485 examining storage, 292–293 repartitioning, 223–224 choosing application for formatting/reformatting selecting backup opening a file one disks, 222–223 volume, 398–399 time, 482–483 manually erasing system sharing internal disks with contention issues related to disk, 25 target disk mode, fast user switching, 137 for mount 295–296 disabling Auto Save, management, 231–232 storage issues related to fast 500–501 as OS X Recovery user switching, duplicate and save as, utilities, 90 137–138 468–469 overview of, 95–96 unmounting/ejecting, exercise working with reformatting external 230–231 multiple versions, disks, 100–102 verifying and repairing, 488–490 Repair Disk Permissions 293–295 iCloud and, 473–474 feature, 297 viewing disk information iCloud document repairing partition tables with Disk Utility, architecture, 478–479 and volumes, 307–309 303–305 identifying file types, repairing permissions, viewing disk information 458–459 298–299 with System Launch Services repairing system file Information, 300–303 settings, 460–462 permissions in OS X virtual. see Disk images locking documents via Recovery Mode, 314 DisplayPort, 746–747 applications, 472–473 repairing system file Distributed File Services locking documents via permissions in target (DFS), 664 Finder, 471–472 disk mode, 310–311 DNS (Domain Name System) locking/unlocking repartitioning disks, 223–224 configuring TCP/IP documents, 490–492 repartitioning startup disk manually, 594–596 managing documents in without erasing, host names, 651, 705–706 iCloud, 476–477 235–236 OS X built-in support opening from iCloud, securely erasing files, for, 583 493–496 227–228 overview of, 557–559 overview of, 457 Quick Look feature, 462–463 844 Index

Quick Look plug-ins, DVDs, 700–701, 826 Ethernet 464–465 DVI (Digital Video Interface), 752 built-in support for, Quick Look preview DVI-DL (Dual-Link DVI), 752 579–580, 583 window, 464 Dynamic memory allocation, OS configuring manually, registering X memory features, 503 603–604 applications, 459–460 Dynamic service discovery connectivity issues, 627–628 resume after log out, bonjour for, 703–704 LAN traffic and, 555–556 479–480 configuring network monitoring resume after quit, 480–481 identification, 706 connectivity, 573–574 revealing file extensions in overview of, 702–703 as network interface, 551 Finder, 485–486 WAN traffic and, 556–557 saving to iCloud, 474–475, E Everyone permissions, files and 492–493 EDR (Extended Data Rate), folders, 271 Spotlight searches, 362 Bluetooth, 748 EWS (Exchange Web Services), standards supported by EFI (Extended Firmware 657, 661 OS X, 11 Interface) Exchange Server 2007 using Auto Save, 486–488 overview of, 807 Calendars and Reminders using contacts from updating firmware prior to applications iCloud, 496 upgrade installation, 17 supporting, 659 versions and, 469–470 Eject button, Disk Utility, 311 configuring Mail service to viewing a file using Quick Ejecting disks or volumes use, 656–657 Look, 481–482 with Finder, 230–231 Contacts application Documents folder, 154, 156 improper unmounting or supporting, 661 Downloading ejecting, 233–234 Exchange Web Services (EWS), OS X Installer, 22–23 investigating disk 657, 661 Recovery Disk ejection, 240–244 ExFAT (Extended FAT) Assistant, 99–100 in-use volumes, 232–233 volumes, 221 software updates from E‑mail. see also Mail application Expansion buses, 749–750 Internet, 121–122 invitations, 659 ExpressCard 34, 749 student materials from services, 656–657 Extended attributes, file Web, 77–79 Encryption. see also FileVault 2 system, 350–351 Downloads folder of backup disks, 388, 399 Extended Data Rate (EDR), default items in home folder, disabling on Macintosh HD Bluetooth, 748 154, 156 volume, 267–268 Extended FAT (ExFAT) drag-and-drop installation of disk drives, 228–229 volumes, 221 to, 434 of disk images, 372–373, 375 Extended Firmware Interface Drag-and-drop of keychains, 201 (EFI) installing application, passwords and, 133 overview of, 807 433, 449–451 of system volume updating firmware prior to installing drag-and-drop encryption, 255–256 upgrade installation, 17 items, 434–436 unlocking protected Extensible Markup Language removing installed systems, 808 (XML), 518–519 software, 438 of volumes, 247–250 Extensible Messaging and security of drag-and-drop Energy Saver, 80–82, 817–818 Presence Protocol installation, 434 Erasing disks or volumes (XMPP), 663 Drop Box backup disks, 388 Extensions, system resource copying files to network with Disk Utility, 225–226 types, 335 shares, 688–689 secure erase, 244–247 Extensis Suitcase Fusion, third- transferring files and, 278 Erasing files, secure erase, party font management Dual-Link DVI (DVI-DL), 752 227–228 tool, 340 Duplicate option, for saving Error messages, troubleshooting External disks documents, 468–469 system resources, 338 recovery disks, 91–92 Index 845

reformatting, 100–102, 106 automatically mounting repartitioning startup disk selecting backup network shares, without erasing, volume, 398–399 689–690 235–236 browsing to AFP securely erasing files, F shares, 686–688 227–228 Fast user switching browsing to file shares, standards supported by contention issues, 137 664–666 OS X, 11 login window options, 135 copying files to network storage concepts, 218 overview of, 136 shares, 688–689 unmounting/ejecting disks, resolving issues with, disconnecting mounted 230–231, 240–244 138–139 shares, 673 viewing file system storage issues, 137–138 manually authenticating, permissions, 269–270 testing permissions 667–668 volume formats, 218–221 and, 276 manually connecting File systems, shortcuts FAT (File Allocation Table) to, 669–672 aliases, 324–325 volumes, 221 manually connecting to SMB hard links, 326–327 Fax share, 690–692 managing aliases, 327–328 configuring, 773 mounting share items when overview of, 324 troubleshooting, 787 browsing, 668 symbolic links, 325–326 Featured view, App Store, 411–412 peer-to-peer Wi-Fi sharing File systems, troubleshooting Fibre Channel, 751 service. see AirDrop examining files in target disk File Allocation Table (FAT) protocols, 663–664 mode, 309–310 volumes, 221 SMB and, 704 examining storage with Disk File archives troubleshooting, 679–680 Utility, 292–293 configuring disk File systems examining storage images, 371–372 creating partition with System creating disk image schemes, 237–240 Information, 293 archives, 374–376 disk images and, 372 overview of, 291 creating disk image with ejecting in-use recovering data from Disk Utility, 376–379 volumes, 232–233 nonstarting creating empty disk encrypting disks, 228–229 system, 296–297 images, 372–374 encrypting volumes, repairing home folder creating zip 247–250 permissions, 314–315 archives, 368 – 369 erasing disk data, 244–247 repairing partition tables expanding zip archives, erasing disks or and volumes in OS X 369–370 volumes, 225–226 Recovery Mode, mounting disk images, 371 flags and extended 312–313 overview of, 367 attributes, 350–351 repairing partition tables types of, 368 formatting or reformating and volumes in target File forking. see Forked file disks, 222–223 disk mode, 307–309 systems improper unmounting or repairing permissions, File quarantines ejecting, 233–234 298–299 as Gatekeeper feature, 430 metadata and, 349–350 repairing system file overview of, 429–430 mount management with permissions in OS X widgets and, 528 Disk Utility, 231–232 Recovery Mode, 314 File servers, connecting to, 74 mounting volumes, 229–230 repairing system file File sharing overview of, 217 permissions in target automatically authenticating, partition schemes, 218–219 disk mode, 310–311 666–667 repartitioning disks, resetting home folder automatically connecting 223–224 permissions, 299–300 to, 674 846 Index

selecting computer as transferring via Drop connecting to SMB target in target disk Box, 278 shares, 690–692 mode, 306–307 viewing with Quick copying data from sharing internal disks with Look, 481–482 nonstarting system, 296 target disk mode, FileVault 2. see also Legacy copying files to network 295–296 FileVault shares, 688–689 verifying and repairing disks enabling, 252–254 creating account with or volumes, 293–295 encrypting system parental controls, viewing disk information volumes, 255–256 148–149 with Disk Utility, keychain encryption creating zip archives, 368– 303–305 and, 202 369 viewing disk information login required by, 128 deleting permissions, 282 with System overview of, 251 ejecting disks, 230–231 Information, 300–303 resetting password due to encrypting disks, 228–229 File Transfer Protocol. see FTP unsuccessful login encrypting volumes, (File Transfer Protocol) attempts, 176 247–250 Filename extensions, 458, restarting FileVault erasing files securely, 227 485–486 2-protected examining file Files system, 262–264 metadata, 360–361 assigning permissions retrieving Apple-saved examining Library to, 272 recovery key, 257–258 folder, 329–330 backing up prior to saving recovery key, 254–255 expanding zip archives, upgrade, 19 Security & Privacy 369–370 changing default application settings, 182–183 Get Info window, 270, for opening, 483–485 System Preferences for 350–351 choosing application for enabling, 258–262 Go > Library option, 346 opening, 482–483 technology, 251–252 hard links and, 325 copying, 75 turning off, 267–268 identifying default permissions, unlocking protected applications, 505–507 285–286 systems, 808 Inspector window, 276 determining correct using recovery keys, installing fonts, 340 application for 264–266 locking documents, 471–472 opening, 457 Find My Mac feature, managing aliases, 327–328 examining file iCloud, 185–186 managing documents in metadata, 360–361 Finder iCloud, 478 examining in target disk accessing computer managing permissions, mode, 309–310 location, 674 280–281 hidden file flags, 320 adding permissions modifying permissions, identifying file types, entries, 281–282 282–283 458–459 aliases and, 324–325 navigating bundles and log files. see Log files browsing to AFP share, packages, 322 repairing system file 686–688 navigating fonts, 344 permissions in OS X browsing to file shares, navigating hidden Recovery Mode, 314 664–666 folders, 320–321 repairing system file changing default application opening new Finder permissions in target for opening a file window, 74 disk mode, 310–311 type, 483–485 OS X complexity and, restoring from backup, changing ownership 319–320 404–405 permissions, 282 overriding Launch Services revealing file extensions in Computer view, 309 default settings, Finder, 485–486 connecting to file sharing 460–461 securely erasing, 227–228 services, 671 Index 847

parental controls and, 134 FireWire (IEEE 1394) backing up prior to preferences, 68–70 built-in support for, 580 upgrade, 19 propagating folder configuring directly attached bundles and packages, 322 permissions, 283 printer, 770 copying, 75 Quick Look and, 463 keyboard shortcut for, 827 default permissions, refining Spotlight migrating user accounts, 158 285–286 searches, 355–356 peripheral connections, examining Library removing installed apps, 456 745–746 folders, 329–330 restoring from standards supported by examining system backups, 393–395 OS X, 11 folders, 330–331 revealing file target disk mode and, propagating extensions, 485–486 295–296, 306 permissions, 283 revealing package FireWire 400, 745–746 shared folders, 278–279 content, 322–323 FireWire 800, 745–746 Smart Folders, 356 searching for system Firmware system resource types, 335 files, 362–365 checking compatibility prior Font Book searching for user to upgrades, 29–33 adding font for single documents, 362 keyboard shortcuts user, 345–347 setting preferences for supported, 825 disabling fonts, 341–342 standard user POST (Power-On Self-Test) installing fonts, 340–341 account, 145 and, 806 removing fonts, 343–345 Spotlight searches removing passwords, resolving font issues, 342–343 with, 353–354 199–200 troubleshooting system symbolic links and, 325 selecting booter, 806–807 resources, 339 testing account with parental setting passwords, 172, validating fonts, 348 controls, 150 187–188, 198–199 Fonts toggling filename extensions system initialization adding for single user, on/off, 458–459 and, 806 345–347 viewing navigation timeline testing passwords, 199 disabling, 341–342 for changes over troubleshooting, 828–829 installing, 340–341 time, 391 updating, 16, 808 removing, 343–345 Finger utility, Network Utility, 631 Firmware Password utility, OS X resolving issues, 342–343 Firewalls Recovery, 90, 198–200 system resource types, 335 advanced First Aid tab, Disk Utility troubleshooting system configuration, 721–723 repairing partition resources, 339 communication issues tables and volumes, validating, 342, 348 and, 724 307–309, 312–313 Force applications to quit configuring personal Verify Disk Permissions overview of, 512–513 application firewalls, button, 299 via Activity Monitor, 721, 731–732 verifying and repairing disks 532–534 enabling personal or volumes, 294–295 via Dock, 530–531 application Flags via Force Quit firewalls, 732–733 file system, 350–351 Window, 531–532 personal application hidden file flags, 320 widgets, 529 firewalls, 720–721 lock icon, 472 Force Quit Window, 513, 531–532 Security & Privacy Flash drives, permissions for Forked file systems settings, 183 nonsystem volumes and, 284 AppleDouble file format testing personal application Flash memory, firmware and, 807 and, 351–352 firewalls, 733–735 Folders. see also Home folders metadata and, 349–350 testing Stealth mode, accessing hidden, 320–321 Formats 736–737 assigning permissions disk images, 371, 373, 375 viewing firewall logs, 735 to, 272 disks, 222–223 volumes, 218–221 848 Index

Framework plug-ins, device Graphics files, previewing with examining system driver implementations in Quick Look, 464 folders, 330–331 OS X, 760 Groups Finder for navigating, Frameworks, system resource file and folders 320–321 types, 335 permissions, 271 overview of, 319–320 FTP (File Transfer Protocol) local group accounts, 130 resources included in built-in support for, 664 preferences. see Users & packages, 323–324 connecting to, 671 Groups preferences revealing package proxy services for, 601 user account attributes, 132 content, 322–323 Full-disk encryption. see Guest users High-Definition Multimedia FileVault 2 overview of, 129 Interface (HDMI), 753 security of, 170 Home directory, 133 G GUID Partition Table. see GPT Home folders Game Center, parental controls (GUID Partition Table) contents of, 153–154 and, 134 creating, 161–163 Game controllers, HID (human H default items in, 154–155 input devices), 758 Hangs, diagnostic reports default permissions, Gatekeeper and, 514–516 285–286 overview of, 430–432 Hard links, 326–327 deleting user accounts and, temporary bypassing, Hardware 156–157, 163–164 432–433 built-in support for Ethernet manually restoring, 159–160 testing, 451–453 hardware, 583 migrating, 157–158 widgets and, 528 checking compatibility prior optional items in, 155–156 Get Help Online, OS X Recovery to upgrade, 29–33 overview of, 153 utilities, 90 connectivity standards repairing permissions, Get Info window, Finder and, 741 190, 314–315 accessing, 270 disks. see Disks resetting permissions, examining file examining System 299–300 metadata, 360–361 Information, 84 restoring deleted accounts overriding Launch Services network interfaces for, and, 164–166 default settings, 460 579–580 restoring from backup, 392 viewing file extended serial number in System sharing, 276–278 attributes, 350–351 Information, 59 troubleshooting, 339 Go > Library option, Finder, 346 S.M.A.R.T. status, 293 verifying restored accounts Go to Folder System Preferences, 54–55 and, 166–167 examining hidden system target disk mode and, 295 verifying restored home folders, 330–331 troubleshooting firmware folders, 167–168 revealing hidden folders, 321 issues, 828 Host names, DNS, 651 Google calendars, support for, 659 troubleshooting print Host network, identifying, Google contact service, support jobs, 787 704–705 for, 660 viewing storage Host sharing Google Talk, support for, 662 information, 301–302 access issues, 725 Gopher, proxy services for, 601 HDMI (High-Definition AirDrop architecture GPT (GUID Partition Table) Multimedia Interface), 753 and, 716–717 converting MBR to, 237–240 Hearing, Accessibility Bonjour for dynamic service installation issues and, 26 features, 522 discovery, 703–704 partition schemes, 218–219 HID (human input devices), 758 communication issues, preparing system disk for OS Hidden items 724–725 X installation, 20 bundles and packages, 322 configuring network reformatting external examining Library identification, 706 disks, 100–102 folder, 329–330 connecting to virtual display, 729–731 Index 849

delegating control via screen iCloud revealing content of, 322–323 sharing, 709–712 calendars, 659 software updates and, dynamic service contact service, 660 113–114 discovery, 702–703 document architecture Installer Log enabling remote and, 478–479 examining, 44–45 management, 714–716 documents and, 473–474 logging installation enabling screen downloading apps from and, 27–28 sharing, 726–727 App Store, 441 viewing installation package enabling system screen Find My Mac feature, 185 details, 115 sharing, 708–709 managing documents Installing applications identifying host in, 476–477 App Store and, 409–410 network, 704–705 message service, 662 browsing App Store, 411–412 initiating screen opening documents creating new Apple ID, sharing, 712–714 from, 493–496 444–445 overview of, 699–700 purchasing apps, 442–443 drag-and-drop installation, remote control and, 727–729 saving documents to, 433–436, 449–451 screen sharing architecture 474–475, 492–493 installation packages, and, 707–708 setting up, 50 436–437 shared services, 700–702 using contacts from, 496 installing from App SMB (Server Message Block) using/creating Store, 413–414 and, 704 accounts, 143–144 limiting access to App troubleshooting shared IEEE 802.1X. see also Wi-Fi Store, 420–421 services, 723–724 networks managing App Store using AirDrop, 717–719 configuration, 598–599 account, 415–418 Hot-pluggable hardware OS X built-in support overview of, 409 FireWire, 745 for, 583 purchasing apps, 441–443 support for, 741 IEEE 1394 (FireWire). see removing installed software, USB, 743 FireWire (IEEE 1394) 437–438, 453–456 HTTP (Hypertext Transfer IIP (Internet Printing Protocol) reviewing App Store Protocol) CUPS using, 767 activities, 445–446 handling web sharing printers, 777–778 searching App Store, communication over Image Capture application, 412–413 port 80, 655 supporting scanners and selecting app for proxy services for, 601 cameras, 759 purchase, 438–441 troubleshooting Mail IMAP (Internet Message Access testing purchased app, 445 application and, 696 Protocol) updates and, 437 HTTPS (Secure Hypertext Mail and Notes applications updating/managing App Transfer Protocol) supporting, 657 Store purchases, proxy services for, 601 troubleshooting Mail 418–420 for secure web application, 694, 697 using installer package, communication, 655 Indexing, with Spotlight 446–449 troubleshooting Mail index databases, 357 Installing OS X Mountain Lion application and, 696 preventing, 359 backing up data prior to Human input devices (HID), 758 Info utility, Network Utility, upgrade, 34 Hypertext Transfer Protocol. see 631–632 checking compatibility HTTP (Hypertext Transfer Inspector window, Finder, 276 issue, 29–33 Protocol) Installation packages. see also documenting network Apple Installer settings, 33–34 I installing applications, downloading OS X Installer, iCal, 658. see also Calendar 436–437, 446–449 22–23, 35–36 application navigating with Finder, 322 erasing disk drive, 40–41 iChat, 661. see also Messages resources included in, erasing existing system and application 323–324 installing OS X, 38–39 850 Index

installation Internet Protocol Security. see J destinations, 25–26 IPSec (Internet Protocol Jabber servers, 663 installation types, 12–13 Security) Java applications overview of, 9 iOS Java SE 6 from Apple, partitioning options, 21–22 devices, 185–186 423–424 performing influence on features in Java SE 7 from Oracle, installation, 24–26 OS X Mountain 424–425 performing Lion, 10–11 overview of, 423 reinstallation, 42–44 IP (Internet Protocol) addresses performing upgrade, 36–38 6 to 4, 582 K preparing for upgrade, assigning with DHCP, 605 Kerberos 16–19, 28 checking DHCP service automatic authentication preparing system disk, 20 issues, 629 of file sharing standards supported by configuring network services, 666–667 OS X, 11 identification, 706 benefit of using, 675 starting up from recovery configuring TCP/IP, screen sharing and, 710 disk or partition, 39–40 595–596 Kernel troubleshooting creating static role in system installation, 26–28 addresses, 608–611 initialization, 810 verifying installation in host network stages of system requirements, 14–16 identification, 704–705 initialization, 806 verifying system multilink support, 584–585 troubleshooting, 829–830 installation, 44–45 in network service KEXTs (kernel extensions) what’s new in OSX identification, 651 device driver Mountain Lion, 10–11 overview of, 552 implementations Instant messaging, 661–663 of printers, 773 and, 760 Internet resolving DNS names to, 559 inspecting loaded accessing via cellular of routers, 553–554 extensions, 760–761 connections, 580–581 subnet masks and, 553 startup process and, 809 connection required for TCP/IP packets and, system resource types, 335 App Store, 410 555–556 troubleshooting kernel, connection required for IP proxies 829–830 software updates, 109 built-in support for, 583 Keyboard settings, Setup creating account with enabling and Assistant, 48, 62 parental controls, 149 configuring, 601–603 Keyboard shortcuts, for downloading updates iPhone Configuration Utility, 57 system initialization, from, 122–123 IPSec (Internet Protocol Security) 808, 825–827 installing updates Cisco IPSec, 588 Keyboards downloaded manual VPN accessibility features, 522 from, 120–121 configuration, 590 HID (human input keyboard shortcut for OS X support for VPNs, 616 devices), 758 Internet Recovery, 826 IPv4 Keyboard-video-mouse (KVM) shared services and, 702 6 to 4, 582 switches, 826 testing account with parental address capacity of, 552 Keychain Access application controls, 151 DHCP and, 559 managing items in Internet & Wireless, System IPv6 keychains, 203–204 Preferences, 54–55 6 to 4, 582 managing keychain Internet Message Access Protocol. address capacity of, 552 files, 205–206 see IMAP (Internet Message configuring TCP/IP overview of, 202–203 Access Protocol) manually, 594 repairing keychain Internet Printing Protocol (IPP) handling IP addresses, 559 files, 206–207 CUPS using, 767 ISO 9660 volumes, 221 sharing printers, 777–778 Index 851

retrieving passwords from LANs (local area networks). see system resource hierarchy keychain files, 210–213 also Networking and, 336–338 showing keychain status in multilink support, 584–585 system resources and, menu bar, 208–209 traffic, 555–556 335–336 synchronizing keychain Launch Services viewing with Finder, 333 password with account application registration License agreement, OS X password, 213–214 and, 459 installation and, 37 verifying password overview of, 457 Lightweight Directory Access synchronization, 198 settings, 460–462 Protocol (LDAP), 661 viewing status of login LaunchAgents, system resource Line Printer Daemon (LPD), keychain, 195–196 types, 336 773–774 Keychains launchd process Link aggregate, support for managing, 205–206 examining process virtual network services, 582 managing items in, 203–204 hierarchy, 822–824 Linux, 427. see also UNIX overview of, 201–202 system launchd process, 811 Local Admin account passwords and, 172 user launchd process, creating and using, 139–140 repairing, 206–207 814–815 creating home folders, resetting passwords, 204–205 LaunchDaemons, system resource 161–163 retrieving passwords, types, 336 creating standard 210–213 Launchpad, removing installed users, 140–142 saving authentication apps, 454–455 resetting user information to, 675 Layer 2 Tunneling Protocol. see passwords, 191–192 showing status in menu L2TP (Layer 2 Tunneling restoring deleted bar, 208–209 Protocol) accounts, 164–166 storing passwords, 209–210 LDAP (Lightweight Directory verifying restored synchronizing with login Access Protocol), 661 accounts, 166–167 password, 190, 213–214 Legacy FileVault. see also verifying restored home system resource types, 335 FileVault 2 folders, 167–168 unattended backups backing up and, 385 Local area networks (LANs). see and, 388 FileVault 2 compared also Networking updating login password, with, 251–252 multilink support, 584–585 176, 194–197, 204–205 migrating user accounts traffic, 555–556 VPN configuration and, 591 and, 158 Local domain, segregating Keynote application, saving passwords, 172 resources by domains, documents to iCloud, 474 resetting passwords, 177 336–338 Knowledge Base restoring from backup, 392 Local group accounts, 130 accessing online, 5 Security & Privacy Location services (Wi-Fi), Setup checking for latest firmware settings, 182 Assistant, 49, 63, 184 updates, 17–18 Legacy Mac applications, 423 Locking documents keeping up-to-date on Library folders exercise locking/ installation process, 20 accessing, 320 unlocking, 490–492 KVM (keyboard-video-mouse) default items in home via applications, 472–473 switches, 826 folder, 154–156 via Finder, 471–472 drag-and-drop installation Log files L to, 435 CUPS logs, 800–801 L2TP (Layer 2 Tunneling examining hidden items diagnostic reports, 515, Protocol) in, 329–330 541–542 manual configuration, 590 examining hidden system firewall logs, 735 OS X support, 616 folders, 330–331 Installer Log, 27–28, 44–45 VPN configuration and, 588 installing fonts, 340 searching for log files, Language settings, Setup overview of, 334 362–365 Assistant, 48 preference files in, 516 system log, 543–545 852 Index

system resource types, 336 Gatekeeper settings, 431 configuring network services troubleshooting applications installing apps from, accounts, 653–655 and, 512 409–410, 413–414 configuring Reminders Login limiting access to, 420–421 application, 658 to new user account, 142 managing account, 415–418 overview of, 652 required even for single user performing software Mail application accounts, 128 update, 118–119 configuration profiles, 56 Login keychain prerequisites for using, 23 for handling e‑mail synchronizing with login reinstalling app from, 455 communication, password, 190 removing installed 656–657 updating password, software, 438 parental controls and, 134 176, 194–197 requirements for, 410 troubleshooting, 678 verifying password reviewing activities/ troubleshooting with synchronization, 198 purchases, 445–446 Mail Connection Login shell, Terminal and, 132–133 searching, 412–413 Doctor, 693–695 Login window selecting apps, 438–441 troubleshooting with logging out, 819 updating software purchased Network Utility, shutting down and restarting from, 111–112 695–697 from, 819–820 updating/managing turning off mail single user mode and, purchases, 418–420 service, 692–693 833–835 Mac Dev Center, 323 Mail Connection Doctor, troubleshooting user Mac OS Extended (Case- 678, 693–695 sessions, 831–832 Sensitive) volumes, 220 Malicious software, file user account options, Mac OS Extended (Journaled, quarantine service 134–135 Encrypted) volumes and, 429 user environment and, converting system volume Manual updates 815–816 to, 251 downloading from user launchd process encrypting local backup Internet, 121–122 and, 814–815 disks, 382 exercise installing, 120–121 user sessions and, 813–814 volume formats, 220 overview of, 113 Logout, 819, 832 Mac OS Extended (Journaled) Master Boot Record. see MBR Lookup utility, Network Utility volumes (Master Boot Record) overview of, 631 converting to encrypted Master passwords verifying DNS settings, volume, 228–229 overview of, 172, 174 634, 644 erasing disk drive, 40–41 resetting, 175, 177–178 LPD (Line Printer Daemon), forked file systems, 349–350 MBR (Master Boot Record) 773–774 storing metadata in hidden converting to GPT files, 351 partition, 237–240 M troubleshooting installation partition schemes, 218–219 MAC (Media Access Control) issues, 26 reformatting with GPT addresses volume formats, 220 partition scheme, ARP and, 556 Mac OS Extended volumes, 220 100–102 overview of, 551–552 Mac OS Standard volumes, 220 MDM (Mobile Device Mac App Store Mail, Contacts, & Calendars Management), 599, 655 automatic updates and, preferences mDNS (multicast DNS), 703 109–110 configuring Calendar Media Access Control (MAC) browsing, 411–412 application, 658 addresses code signing and, 428–429 configuring Contacts ARP and, 556 creating new Apple ID, application, 660 overview of, 551–552 444–445 configuring Mail Memory management, features in downloading OS X application, 656 OS X, 503 Installer, 35–36 configuring Messages Menu bar, 208–209 application, 661 Index 853

Messages application improper unmounting or Network domain, segregating initiating screen ejecting, 233–234 resources by domains, sharing, 712–714 overview of, 229–230 336–338 for instant messaging, Mouse/trackball Network File System (NFS) 661–663 accessibility features, 522 built-in support for, 664 parental controls and, 134 HID (human input manually connecting to, 671 personal firewalls and, 721 devices), 758 Network interfaces screen sharing preferences, 72–73 hardware interface, architecture, 707–708 Movies folder, 155–156 579–580 screen sharing options, 707 multicast DNS (mDNS), 703 MAC addresses and, 551 troubleshooting, 678 Multi-homed location, network overview of, 550 Metadata locations, 613–615 verifying with Info AppleDouble file format Multilink support, network utility, 631–632 and, 351–352 services, 584–585 Network locations examining, 360–361 Multitasking, process changing, 578 file system and, 349–350 performance and, 502 configuring, 576–578, flags and extended attributes Music folder, 155–156 604–605 and, 350–351 creating DHCP-based overview of, 349 N network location, searching for, 352–353 Name resolution. see also DNS 606–608 Microsoft Exchange Server 2007. (Domain Name System) creating multi-homed see Exchange Server 2007 checking DNS service location, 613–615 Migration Assistant issues, 629 creating static network accessing, 51–52 verifying DNS lookup, 634 location, 608–611 copy data from nonstarting Names creating Wi-Fi only network system, 297 setting computer location, 620–621 documenting settings name, 70–72 overview of, 575–576 prior to upgrade user account attributes, 132 Network preferences installation, 19 Native OS X applications, 422 advanced Wi-Fi migrating and restoring NetBIOS (Network Basic Input/ configuration, 597–598 home folders, 157–158 Output System) changing network service migration options, 52–53 built-in support for, 583 order, 615–616 overview of, 49 configuring, 599–601 checking DHCP service restoring from backup, 392 configuring network issues, 629 transferring information identification, 706 checking DNS service with, 53–54 identifying host issues, 629 Mini DisplayPort, 752–753 network, 705 checking Ethernet Mobile Device Management SMB supporting, 704 connectivity (MDM), 599, 655 NetBoot, 810, 826 issues, 627–628 Mobile Documents folder, 478 Netstat utility, Network checking network status Monitoring Utility, 631 in, 638 connectivity, 571–574 Network Basic Input/Output checking Wi-Fi connectivity network traffic, 645–646 System. see NetBIOS issues, 628 processes, 507–510 (Network Basic Input/ configuring Ethernet Mounting disk images, 371 Output System) manually, 603–604 Mounting volumes and disks Network Diagnostics configuring network Disk Utility for, 231–232 diagnosing network locations, 576 ejecting disks with problems, 626 configuring TCP/IP Finder, 230–231 overview of, 630 manually, 593–597 ejecting in-use running diagnostic configuring VPNs volumes, 232–233 tests, 640–643 manually, 589–592 854 Index

creating DHCP-based e‑mail services (Mail and Network Utility network location, Notes), 656–657 diagnosing network 606–608 file sharing protocols, problems, 626 diagnosing network 663–664 monitoring network traffic problems, 626 identifying, 651 with, 645–646 examining DHCP instant messaging in OS X Recovery settings, 605–606 service, 661–663 utilities, 91 listing network listing, 585–586 overview of, 630–631 services, 585–586 Mail, Contacts, & Calendars scanning network to create managing network preferences, 652 service baseline, services, 586–587 managing, 586–588 685–686 monitoring managing contacts, 659–661 testing connectivity connectivity, 572–574 mounting network shares with ping utility, status indicators, 627 automatically, 689–690 633–634, 638–640 testing network preference multilink support, 584–585 testing network routes with order, 624 overview of, 550, 649 traceroute utility, Network printers, Safari browser and, 655–656 635–636 troubleshooting, 787 scanning to create service troubleshooting Mail Network protocols baseline, 685–686 application, 695–697 overview of, 550 setting up new verifying availability of settings, 582 accounts, 681–684 network services, 676 types of, 554 software and, 649–650 verifying DNS lookup, Network service order testing new accounts, 634, 644 changing, 615–616 684–685 verifying network configuring, 612 troubleshooting file interfaces, 631–632 VPNs and, 593 sharing, 679–680 Networking Network services troubleshooting in configuration profiles, 56 access issues, 725 general, 675 configuring network applications, 651–652 troubleshooting Mail identification, 706 architecture of, 649 application with configuring Wi-Fi browsing to AFP share, Mail Connection networks, 561–564 686–688 Doctor, 693–695 connecting to Wi-Fi browsing to file shares, troubleshooting Mail networks, 569–570 664–668 application with DHCP (Dynamic Host built-in support for, 582 Network Utility, Configuration calendar services (Calendars 695–697 Protocol) and, 559–560 and Reminders), troubleshooting network DNS (Domain Name 658–659 applications, 677–678 System) and, 557–559 communication and, troubleshooting with port documenting settings prior 650–651, 724–725 scan utility, 675–677 to upgrade, 19, 33–34 configuring accounts, viewing existing identifying host 653–655 accounts, 680–681 network, 704–705 connecting to file shares virtual, 581–582 IP (Internet Protocol) automatically, 674 Network Setup Assistant, 561–562 addresses and, 552 connecting to file shares Network shares. see also File LAN traffic, 555–556 manually, 669–672 sharing MAC addresses, 551–552 connecting to SMB share automatically monitoring manually, 690–692 mounting, 689–690 connectivity, 571–574 copying files to network backing up to, 382 network user accounts, 128 shares, 688–689 copying files to, 688–689 overview of, 549 disconnecting mounted manually connecting to SMB preferences, 560–561 shares, 673 share, 690–692 Index 855

router addresses, 553–554 configuring Wi-Fi networks, network status indicators, Setup Assistant, 597–598, 620 627, 638 48–49, 62–63 creating DHCP-based Network Utility, 630–631 standards supported by network location, observing network problem OS X, 11 606–608 in Safari, 637–638 subnet masks, 553 creating multi-homed overview of, 625 TCP/IP suite, 554 network location, testing connectivity terminology, 550–551 613–615 with ping utility, verifying Wi-Fi creating static network 633–634, 638–640 connections, 570–571 location, 608–611 testing network routes with verifying Wi-Fi creating Wi-Fi only network traceroute utility, settings, 567–569 location, 620–621 635–636 viewing system establishing VPN testing Web access in information, 302 connections, 592–593 Safari, 645 WAN traffic, 556–557 examining DHCP verifying DNS lookup, Wi-Fi authentication, 564 settings, 605–606 634, 644 Wi-Fi status menu IP proxies and, 601–603 verifying network options, 565–566 listing network interface, 631–632 WPA enterprise services, 585–586 Wi-Fi connectivity configuration, 564–565 managing network issues, 628 Networking, advanced services, 586–588 NFS (Network File System) configuration multilink support, 584–585 built-in support for, 664 802.1X configuration, NetBIOS and WINS manually connecting to, 671 598–599 and, 599–601 No Access permissions, file and adding networks to network hardware folders permissions, 272 preferred network interfaces, 579–580 Nonsystem volumes, permissions list, 623 network protocol for, 284 cellular connections, settings, 582 Nonvolatile RAM (NVRAM) 580–581 network services, 583 booter saved in, 807 changing network overview of, 575–576 keyboard shortcut for locations, 578 testing network preference resetting, 827 changing network service order, 624 Notes application, 656–657 order, 615–616 testing Web access, 611–612 NTFS (NT File System), 221 checking VPN turning off DHCP Numbers application, 474 connectivity, 619 service, 605 NVRAM (nonvolatile RAM) clearing preferred network virtual network booter saved in, 807 list, 621–622 services, 581–582 keyboard shortcut for configuration profile for VPN (virtual private resetting, 827 VPNs, 589 network) and, 588 configuring Ethernet Networking, troubleshooting O manually, 603–604 categorizing network Online help, for OS X Recovery, configuring network issues, 626 90, 94–95 locations, DHCP service issues, 629 Open Directory, 131 576–578, 604–605 DNS service issues, 629 Open source software, 426–427 configuring network service Ethernet connectivity OpenType fonts, 340 order, 612 issues, 627–628 Optical disks, keyboard shortcut configuring TCP/IP modifying network for ejecting, 827 settings, 593–597 settings, 636–637 Oracle, Java SE 7 from, 424–425 configuring VPN settings, monitoring network Organizationally Unique 589–592, 616–619 traffic, 645–646 Identifier (OUI), in MAC Network Diagnostics, addresses, 551 630, 640–643 856 Index

OS X Installer troubleshooting booter, 829 preparing system disk for OS accessing via Reinstall utilities, 88–91 X installation, 20 OS X, 89 viewing online help related Recovery HD hidden documenting settings to, 94–95 partition, 87 prior to upgrade OS X Server, 133 repairing partition tables installation, 19 OS X Support Essentials 10.8 in OS X Recovery downloading, 22–23, 35–36 exam, ACSP (Apple mode, 312–313 installer log, 27–28 Certified Support repairing partition tables overview of, 96–97 Professional), 7 in target disk starting up from OS X OS X Utilities, Reinstall OS X mode, 307–309 Recovery, 92–93 option, 42 repartitioning disks, troubleshooting installation OUI (Organizationally Unique 223–224 issues, 26–27 Identifier), in MAC repartitioning startup OS X Recovery addresses, 551 disk, 235–236 accessing, 88 Owner permissions, file and schemes for, 218–219 configuring startup from folders, 271 single partition vs. multiple new disk, 97–98 Ownership partitions, 21–22 creating full recovery changing, 282 starting up from recovery disk, 105–108 nonsystem volumes and, 284 partition, 39–40 creating minimal recovery overview of, 271 verifying and repairing, disk, 38, 98, 102–104 293–295 creating recovery P Password Assistant media, 22–23 PAC (proxy auto-config) managing passwords Disk Utility, 95–96 files, 601–602 with, 173 downloading Recovery Disk Packages rating quality of Assistant, 99–100 manual software updates passwords, 191–192 erasing existing system and and, 113–114 Passwords installing OS X, 12–13 overview of, 322 account passwords, 171–172 external recovery resources included in, changing, 173, 197 disks, 91–92 323–324 creating administrator Firmware Password Utility, revealing content of, account and, 67, 187–188, 198–200 322–323 835–836 keyboard shortcut for, 826 Packets, TCP/IP, 555 creating computer account OS X Installer. see OS X Page Setup dialog, managing print and, 63–64 Installer jobs, 779 creating iCloud account overview of, 87 Pairing Bluetooth devices, 753–755 and, 144 reformatting external PAN (personal area network), 581 creating standard users disks, 100–102 Parental controls and, 140–141 repairing home folder exercise creating account enabling FileVault 2, permissions, 314–315 with, 148–149 253–254 repairing partition tables exercise testing account encrypting, 133 and volumes, 312–313 with, 150–151 firmware, 825 repairing system file limiting access to App login keychains and, 176 permissions, 314 Store, 420–421 login window options, 135 Reset Password application, remote administration methods for resetting, 176, 178–179, 188–190 of, 149 175–176 startup from, 92–93 standard users and, 128 OS X Recovery password testing full recovery user accounts and, 133–134 reset, 178–179, disk, 108–109 Partitions 188–190 testing minimal recovery creating new partition resetting keychain disk, 104 scheme, 237–240 passwords, 204–205 Time Machine. see Time disk images and, 373 resetting legacy FileVault Machine passwords, 177 Index 857

resetting master FireWire connections, viewing file system passwords, 177–178 745–746 permissions, 269–270 resetting password inspecting loaded viewing impact on combined with Apple extensions, 760–761 users, 286–288 ID, 192–194 managing Bluetooth Personal, System resetting user settings, 756–757 Preferences, 54–55 passwords, 191–192 overview of, 741 Personal application firewalls resetting using recovery pairing Bluetooth advanced key, 264–266 device, 754–755 configuration, 721–723 retrieving passwords from storage buses, 750–751 communication issues keychain files, 210–213 technologies of, 741–742 and, 724 setting firmware passwords, Thunderbolt configuring, 721, 731–732 172, 187–188, 198–200 connections, 746–747 enabling, 732–733 storing in keychain file, troubleshooting printers, 787 overview of, 720–721 209–210 troubleshooting testing, 733–735 synchronizing keychain techniques, 761–762 Personal area network (PAN), 581 password with account USB connections, 743–745 Pictures folder, 155–156 password, 213–214 Permissions PID (Process Identification), PayPal, for App Store ACLs (access control 508, 822–823 purchases, 413 lists), 272–273 Ping utility PCI Express controlling access to access in Network expansion buses supported folders, 321 Utility, 631 by OS X, 749 default permissions for testing connectivity, 633–634, Thunderbolt and, 746–747 storing files and 638–640 PCI Express 1.x, 749 folders, 285–286 troubleshooting Mail PCI Express 2.x, 749 in hierarchical context, application, 695 PDF (Portable Document 273–275 verifying availability of Format) home folder sharing network services, 676 editing and workflow and, 276–278 Plug-and-play, 741 tools, 782–783 managing with Finder, Plug-ins installing PDF service, 280–283 32-bit vs. 64-bit, 504 798–799 for nonsystem volumes, 284 Spotlight, 358 printing to, 797–798 overview of, 269 Point-to-Point Protocol over Quartz graphics system ownership of, 271 Ethernet (PPPoE), 582 generating PDF repairing generally, 298–299 Point-to-Point Protocol file, 768 repairing home folder (PPP), 583 troubleshooting print permissions, 190, Point-to-Point Tunneling jobs, 787 314–315 Protocol. see PPTP (Point- Peripherals repairing system file to-Point Tunneling Protocol) audio and video permissions, POP (Post Office Protocol) connectivity, 751–753 310–311, 314 Mail and Notes applications Bluetooth connections, 748 resetting home folder supporting, 657 Bluetooth devices, 753–754 permissions, 299–300 troubleshooting Mail buses, 743 for securing new items, application, 697 connectivity, 742–743 279–280 Port scan utility contention issues related to sharing and, 276, 278–279 access in Network fast user switching, 137 Spotlight security and, 357 Utility, 631 device classes, 757–759 testing changes to, 288–290 scanning network to create device drivers, 759–760 troubleshooting print service baseline, examining external USB jobs, 788 685–686 devices, 764–765 UNIX permissions, 271–272 troubleshooting Mail expansion buses, 749–750 application, 695–697 858 Index

troubleshooting network Energy Saver, 80–82 resetting printing services, 675–677 FileVault 2, 258–262 system, 801–802 Portable disk drives, 284 Finder, 68–70 troubleshooting print POSIX Font Book, 341 jobs, 787 OS X compliance with, 423 Mail, Contacts, & Calendars. Print dialog POSIX-style see Mail, Contacts, & basic print jobs, 779–780 permissions, 271 Calendars preferences choosing printer for print POST (Power-On Self-Test), managing corrupted, job, 794–796 806, 828 540–541 detailed or custom print Post Office Protocol (POP) mouse/trackball, 72–73 jobs, 780–782 Mail and Notes applications network. see Network generating PDF files, 783 supporting, 657 preferences managing print jobs, troubleshooting Mail preview, 536–539 779, 793 application, 697 Print & Scan. see Print & Print jobs PostScript Scan preferences basic, 779–780 fonts, 340 profiles, 57–58 choosing printer for, printing system, 767 replacing corrupted 794–796 PostScript (PS) files, printing preference files, 512 detailed or custom, 780–782 from command line, 768 resolving corrupted, 518 managing, 779, 793 PostScript Printer Description setting computer troubleshooting, 787 (PPD) files, 767 name, 70–72 Printer device class, 758 Power Nap mode, 383, 817–819 sharing, 155, 736–737 Printer queues PPD (PostScript Printer software updates, 112–113, managing, 783–786, 796– Description) files, 767 117–118, 439 797 PPP (Point-to-Point Spotlight, 358–360 troubleshooting print Protocol), 583 system resource types, 336 jobs, 787 PPPoE (Point-to-Point Protocol Time Machine, 387 Printers over Ethernet), 582 troubleshooting preference choosing to print from, PPTP (Point-to-Point Tunneling files, 516–517 794–796 Protocol) user accounts, 145–147 configuring Bonjour configuring manually, 590 Users & Groups. see Users & printer, 788–793 OS X support, 616 Groups preferences configuring directly attached VPN configuration and, 588 viewing and editing printer, 770–771 Preemptive multitasking, 502 preference files, configuring local network PreferencePanes, system resource 518–519 printer, 771–772 types, 336 Preferred network list manually configuring, Preferences adding network to, 623 772–775 32-bit vs. 64-bit mode clearing, 621–622 modifying and, 505 overview of, 620 configuration, 776–777 accessibility, 521 Preview application, saving sharing, 701, 777–779 accessing, 54, 56 documents to iCloud, 474 sharing via SMB, 704 automatically mounting Preview preferences, 536–539 Printing network shares, Print & Scan preferences basic print jobs, 779–780 689–690 configuring Bonjour choosing printer for print backup exclusions, 396–398 printer, 789–793 job, 794–796 Bluetooth, 756–757 configuring printers, configuring Bonjour categories of, 55 772–775 printer, 788–793 creating administrator managing print queue, 797 configuring directly attached account, 65–67 modifying printer printer, 770–771 disabling/restoring, 539 configuration, 776–777 configuring local network documenting network overview of, 770 printer, 771–772 settings, 33–34 Index 859

CUPS (Common UNIX Protected memory, OS X memory Real Mem, process memory Printing System), features, 503 use, 509 767–768 Proxy auto-config (PAC) Recovery Disk Assistant CUPS drivers, 768–770 files, 601–602 creating recovery disk detailed or custom print Proxy servers. see IP proxies with, 102–104 jobs, 780–782 PS (PostScript) files, printing downloading, 99–100 examining CUPS logs, from command line, 768 Recovery disks. see also OS X 800–801 Public folder Recovery installing PDF service, access to contents, 153 creating full recovery 798–799 default items in home disk, 105–108 managing print jobs, 793 folder, 155–156 creating minimal recovery managing printer queues, sharing and, 277–278 disk, 98, 102–104 783–786, 796–797 Purchasing apps external, 91–92 manually configuring creating new Apple ID, reformatting external disks, printers, 772–775 444–445 100–102, 106 modifying printer selecting app, 438–441 starting up from, 39–40 configuration, 776–777 testing purchased app, 445 testing full recovery PDF tools and, 782–783 using Apple ID for, 441–442 disk, 108–109 print system using iCloud account testing minimal recovery architecture, 767 for, 442–443 disk, 104 print to PDF, 797–798 Recovery HD, hidden resetting printing Q partition, 87 system, 801–802 Quarantines Recovery key sharing printers, 777–779 file quarantines, 429–430 resetting password due to troubleshooting, 786–788 widgets and, 528 unsuccessful login Privacy Quartz graphics system, attempts, 176 Safari settings, 185 generating PDF files, retrieving Apple-saved Security & Privacy 768, 782 recovery key, 257–258 settings, 183–184 Quick Look feature saving, 254–255 Spotlight preferences, augmenting Spotlight unlocking FileVault- 358–360 searches, 353 protected systems, Privileges. see Permissions backups and, 391–392 256–257 Process Identification (PID), overview of, 462–463 using, 264–266 508, 822–823 plug-ins, 464–465 Recovery partition, starting up Process security, in OS X, 427 preview window, 464 from, 39–40 Processes previewing file types, 459 Registering applications, 459–460 background processes, 823 previewing selected Registration process, Setup Dock and Dashboard items, 354 Assistant, 51 processes, 528–529 viewing files with, 481–482 Reinstall OS X, OS X Recovery monitoring with Activity viewing preference file’s utilities, 89 Monitor, 507–510 content, 538–539 Reminders application, 658–659 overview of, 501–503 Remote Login, 701 performance features, R Remote management 502–503 enabling, 714–716 Read & Write permissions system launchd process. see of parental controls, 149 file and folders, 272 System launchd process remotely controlling hierarchy of permissions types of, 501–502 another computer’s and, 274–275 viewing system processes screen, 727–729 Read Only permissions and usage, 535 via ARD, 701 file and folders, 272 Profile Manager, 57 Removable media, keyboard hierarchy of permissions Profiles preference, 57–58 shortcut for ejecting, 827 and, 274–275 860 Index

Repair Disk feature, Disk Utility, via Time Machine, 390–392, Safe sleep mode, 817 307–309, 312–313 405–406 Sandboxing, application security Repair Disk Permissions feature, Restoring user accounts and, 428 Disk Utility manually restoring home SAS (Serial Attached SCSI), 751 overview of, 297–298 folder, 159–160 SATA (Serial ATA), 750 repairing permissions restoring deleted Save as option, for saving with, 298–299 accounts, 160–161 documents, 468–469 repairing system file restoring deleted accounts Scanners permissions, 314 from disk image, device classes, 758 repairing system file 164–166 managing, 777 permissions in target verifying restored sharing, 701 disk mode, 310–311 accounts, 166–167 Scheduling backups, 383 Reports, examining system verifying restored home scp (secure copy) information, 85–86 folders, 167–168 command, 701 Reset Password application, OS X Resume. see Automatic resume Screen sharing Recovery, 188–190 Root user accounts architecture, 707–708 accessing, 91 accessing account information control via, 709–712 overview of, 298 in Open Directory, 131 enabling, 726–727 repairing home folder overview of, 129 enabling system screen permissions, 314–315 security of, 171 sharing, 708–709 resetting home folder Rosetta compatibility initiating from Messages permissions, 299–300 environment, 423 application, 712–714 resetting passwords, 178–179 Routers overview of, 701 Resource fork firewall built-in, 720 remote control and, AppleDouble file format IP address of, 553–554 727–729 and, 351 testing routing with SCSI (Small Computer System forked file systems, 349–350 traceroute utility, Interface), 750–751 Resource passwords, 172 635–636 Searches. see also Spotlight Resources, system App Store, 412–413 adding font for single S creating custom search user, 345–347 Safari web browser query, 543–545 disabling fonts, 341–342 checking VPN overview of, 353–356 hierarchy of, 336–338 connectivity, 619 for system files, 362–365 installing fonts, 340–341 downloading apps, 449 for user documents, 362 OS X file structure downloading widgets, 527 Secure copy (scp) command, 701 and, 333–334 Downloads folder and, 434 Secure File Transfer Protocol overview of, 333 observing network problem (SFTP), 701 removing fonts, 343–345 in, 637–638 Secure Hypertext Transfer resolving font issues, 342–343 overview of, 655–656 Protocol. see HTTPS (Secure troubleshooting, 338–339 parental controls and, 134 Hypertext Transfer Protocol) types of, 335–336 privacy settings, 185 Secure memory allocation, 503 validating fonts, 348 testing account with parental Secure Shell (SSH), 701 Resources, troubleshooting controls, 151 Secure Sockets Layer (SSL), 655 application resources, testing Web access, Security, application 512, 519–520 611–612, 645 code signing, 428–429 Restoring from backups troubleshooting, 677–678 file quarantines, 429–430 configuring exclusions, 396– Safe Mode login (Safe Boot) Gatekeeper system, 398 startup shortcut for, 827 430–432 contacts, 403–404 troubleshooting booter, 829 overview of, 427 entire system, 393 troubleshooting system process security, 427 files, 404–405 launchd, 830–831 sandboxing and, 428 via Finder, 393–395 troubleshooting user temporary bypass of via Migration Assistant, 392 sessions, 832 Gatekeeper, 432–433 Index 861

Security, system Seeing/sight, accessibility Shared folders account passwords, 171–172 features, 522 opening, 75 changing passwords, Self-Monitoring, Analysis, and permissions and, 278–279 173, 197 Reporting Technology Shared services. see also Host Find My Mac feature, (S.M.A.R.T.) sharing 185–186 in determining hardware network service access firmware passwords, failure, 293 issues, 725 187–188, 198–200 viewing disk information network service login keychains, 176 and, 304 communication master password, 174 Serial ATA (SATA), 750 issues, 724–725 method for resetting Serial Attached SCSI (SAS), 751 overview of, 700–702 passwords, 175–176 Server Message Block. see SMB screen sharing. see Screen OS X Recovery password (Server Message Block) sharing reset, 178–179, Servers troubleshooting, 723–724 188–190 client/server Shared volumes, backing up Password Assistant, 173 architecture, 649 to, 382 resetting legacy FileVault configuring for software Sharing passwords, 177 updates, 117–118 home folders, 276–278 resetting master connecting to file server in permissions and, 276 passwords, 177–178 order to download, 74 printers, 701, 704, 777–779 resetting password Exchange Server 2007, securing new items combined with 656–657, 659, 661 and, 279–280 Apple ID, 192–194 Jabber servers, 663 Sharing Only Users resetting user network services overview of, 129 passwords, 191–192 communication security of, 170–171 Safari privacy, 185 and, 650 Sharing preferences, 155, 736–737 Security & Privacy OS X Server, 133 Shortcuts, file system settings, 180–184 proxy servers. see IP proxies aliases, 324–325 Spotlight, 357 Service Set Identifier (SSID), 563 hard links, 326–327 updating login keychain Services for Macintosh managing aliases, 327–328 password, 194–197 (SFM), 679 overview of, 324 user accounts security, Setup Assistant symbolic links, 325–326 169–171 account setup, 50–51 Shortcuts, startup, 808, 825–827 Security & Privacy settings Apple ID and, 49 Shutdown process advanced firewall configuring OS X login window and, 819–820 configuration, 721–723 with, 61–65 troubleshooting user advanced settings, 181 handling network sessions, 832 configuring personal configuration, 561 Signed packages, advanced application iCloud setup, 50 Installer features, 115–116 firewalls, 721 language and keyboard Simple Mail Transfer Protocol. see enabling personal settings, 48 SMTP (Simple Mail Transfer application location services (Wi-Fi), 49 Protocol) firewalls, 732–733 migration options, 49 Single user mode FileVault settings, 182–183, network settings, 48–49 keyboard shortcut for, 827 255–256, 258 overview of, 47 user sessions and, 833–835 firewall settings, 183 registration process, 51 Single-sign on Gatekeeper and, 431 terms and conditions, 50 automatic authentication general settings, 180–181 time settings, 51 of file sharing overview of, 180 SFM (Services for services, 666–667 privacy settings, 183–184 Macintosh), 679 benefit of using, 675 sleep modes and, 817 SFTP (Secure File Transfer screen sharing and, 710 Protocol), 701 862 Index

Sites folder, in home folder, viewing system SSH (Secure Shell), 701 155–156 information, 302 SSID (Service Set Identifier), 563 Sleep modes Software updates SSL (Secure Sockets Layer), 655 overview of, 816–817 advanced Installer Standard UNIX permissions, Power Nap mode, 817–819 features, 115–116 271–273 safe sleep, 817 App Store and, 111–112 Standard users scheduling backups and, 383 in Apple menu, 17–18 creating, 140–142 Small Computer System Interface automatic, 109–111 creating account with (SCSI), 750–751 checking installed parental controls, S.M.A.R.T. (Self-Monitoring, updates, 119–120 148–149 Analysis, and Reporting checking preferences, 117 examining preferences, Technology) checking software 146–147 in determining hardware compatibility, 32 keychains and, 202 failure, 293 configuring server for, logging in to new viewing disk information 117–118 account, 142 and, 304 downloading from overview of, 128 SMB (Server Message Block) Internet, 121–122 security of, 169 built-in support for, 664 firmware updates and, 809 setting preferences, 145 manually connecting to, 669 installation history testing account with parental manually connecting to SMB view, 116–117 controls, 150–151 share, 690–692 Installer application Standards, supported by OS X, 11 overview of, 704 and, 113–114 Startup sharing files and printers, installing, 120–123 configuring from new 600, 774 manual, 113 disk, 97–98 SMC (System Management methods, 437 from OS X Recovery, Controller), 17 migrating user accounts 88, 92–93 SMTP (Simple Mail Transfer and, 159 Startup Disk Protocol) overview of, 109 booter selection and, 807 Mail and Notes applications performing update, 118–119 configuring computer supporting, 657 preferences, 112–113, 439 startup from new troubleshooting Mail preparing for upgrade, 16 disk, 97–98 application, 694, 697 Solid-state disks. see SSDs OS X Recovery utilities, 90 Snapshots (solid-state disks) repartitioning without making with Time Speakable Items, accessibility erasing, 235–236 Machine, 401–402 features, 523–524 Target Disk Mode scheduling backups Spotlight button, 295 and, 383–384 backups and, 391–392 Startup Items, system resource SOCKS, proxy services for, 601 indexing, 357 types, 336 Software. see also Applications overview of, 352–353 Startup Manager checking plug-ins, 358 keyboard shortcut for, 826 compatibility, 31–32 searching App Store, 412–413 testing minimal recovery malicious software listed searching for system disk, 104 in file quarantine files, 362–365 Startup process. see System service, 429 searching for user startup network services, 649–650 documents, 362 Startup shortcuts, 825–826 open source, 426–427 searching with, 353–356 Static IP addresses, creating, removing installed, security, 357 608–611 437–438, 453–456 settings, 358–360 Status indicators resources included SSDs (solid-state disks) Network Diagnostics, 641 in bundles and erasing, 226 in network troubleshooting, packages, 323–324 securely erasing, 228 627, 638 types of storage, 217 Stealth mode, firewalls, 736–737 Index 863

Storage version and build troubleshooting disks. see Disks numbers, 59 peripherals, 761 examining local, 300–301 viewing system processes troubleshooting system examining with Disk and usage, 535 resources, 339 Utility, 292–293 System, troubleshooting type of information examining with System booter issues, 829 in, 60–61 Information, 293 creating new Administrator updating firmware and, 17 file systems and, 218 account, 835–836 verifying application volumes. see Volumes firmware issues, 828–829 compatibility, 18–19 Storage buses, peripherals and, kernel issues, 829–830 verifying installation 742, 750–751 logout and shutdown requirements, 14 Storage devices, device issues, 832 viewing, 83–86 classes, 758 modifying OS X startup, 826 viewing disk Student materials overview of, 825 information, 300–303 connecting to file server in Safe Mode login, 832 viewing installed apps, order to download, 74 single user mode and, 453–454 copying to computer, 75–76 833–835 viewing update history, downloading from startup shortcuts, 825–826 116–117 Web, 77–79 system initialization System initialization exercise installing updates and, 827–828 boot process and, 809–810 to, 120–121 system launchd issues, booter selection and, Subnet masks 830–831 806–807 checking DHCP service user sessions and, 831–832 examining launchd process issues, 629 System Administrator, 129, 131 hierarchy, 822–824 configuring TCP/IP System disk firmware updates, 808 manually, 595 OS X Recovery located kernel’s role in, 810 overview of, 553 on, 87 overview of, 805–806 TCP/IP packets and, 555–556 preparing for OS X POST (Power-On Self- Subscriptions, 659 installation, 20 Test), 806 S-Video, 752 System folder shortcuts for, 808 Symbolic links, 325–326 default folders viewable with system launchd process, 811 Symmetric multiprocessing, 502 Finder, 333 troubleshooting, 827–828 System examining hidden items unlocking FileVault- Diagnostic Reports, 542 in, 330–331 protected systems, 808 erasing existing, 38–39 overview of, 334 user launchd process, errors due to permissions System Information 814–815 issues, 297 About This Mac System launchd process preferences. see System dialog, 58–59 items in, 811–812 Preferences checking installed overview of, 811 repairing file permissions updates, 119–120 shutdown and restart in OS X Recovery examining external USB and, 819–820 mode, 314 devices, 764–765 stages of system repairing system file examining internal initialization, 806 permissions in target devices, 762–764 troubleshooting, 830 disk mode, 310–311 examining storage, 293 viewing hierarchy of, 812 segregating resources by gathering application System Management Controller domains, 336–338 information, 507 (SMC), 17 shutdown/restart, 819–820 identifying connected System Preferences Spotlight search for system peripherals, 742 32-bit vs. 64-bit mode files, 362–365 inspecting loaded and, 505 verifying installation, 44–45 extensions, 760–761 accessibility features, 521 overview of, 58 accessing, 54, 56 864 Index

automatically mounting OS X file structure System volumes network shares, and, 333–334 converting to Mac OS 689–690 overview of, 333 Extended (Journaled, backup exclusions, 396–398 removing fonts, 343–345 Encrypted), 251 Bluetooth, 756–757 resolving font issues, 342–343 encrypting, 255–256 categories, 55 troubleshooting, 338–339 troubleshooting system creating administrator types of, 335–336 volume issues, 828–829 account, 65–67 validating fonts, 348 documenting network System screen sharing T settings, 33–34 architecture of, 707–708 Tab key, automatic completion of Energy Saver, 80–82 enabling, 708–709 file system paths, 321 FileVault 2, 258–262 screen sharing options, 707 Tablets, HID (human input Finder, 68–70 System security devices), 758 Font Book, 341 account passwords, 171–172 Target disk mode Mail, Contacts, & Calendars. changing passwords, examining files, 309–310 see Mail, Contacts, & 173, 197 recovering data from Calendars preferences Find My Mac feature, nonstarting managing corrupted, 540–541 185–186 system, 296–297 mouse/trackball, 72–73 firmware passwords, repairing partition tables networks. see Network 187–188, 198–200 and volumes, 307–309 preferences login keychains, 176 repairing system file preview, 536–539 master password, 174 permissions, 310–311 Print & Scan. see Print & method for resetting selecting and starting target Scan preferences passwords, 175–176 computer, 306–307 profiles, 57–58 OS X Recovery password sharing internal disks, replacing corrupted reset, 178–179, 188–190 295–296 preference files, 512 Password Assistant, 173 TCP (Transmission Control resolving corrupted, 518 resetting legacy FileVault Protocol), 554 setting computer passwords, 177 TCP ports name, 70–72 resetting master Calendars and Reminders sharing, 155, 736–737 passwords, 177–178 applications and, 659 software updates, 112–113, resetting password Contacts application 117–118, 439 combined with Apple and, 661 Spotlight, 358–360 ID, 192–194 file sharing protocols system resource types, 336 resetting user and, 663–664 Time Machine, 387 passwords, 191–192 Mail and Notes applications troubleshooting preference Safari privacy, 185 and, 657 files, 516–517 Security & Privacy in network communication, user accounts, 145–147 settings, 180–184 650–651 Users & Groups. see Users & updating login keychain scanning, 677 Groups preferences password, 194–197 TCP/IP (Transmission Control viewing and editing user accounts security, Protocol/Internet Protocol) preference files, 169–171 built-in support for, 583 518–519 System sleep, 383 configuring manually, System Profiler. see System System startup 593–597 Information identifying steps in, 820–821 DHCP in configuration System resources initialization. see System of, 559–560 adding font for single initialization DNS addressing and, user, 345–347 modifying OS X startup, 826 557–559 disabling fonts, 341–342 overview of, 805 in history of networking, 549 hierarchy of, 336–338 user sessions. see User networking suite, 554 installing fonts, 340–341 sessions Index 865

packets, 555 limitations of, 385 diagnostic reports, 514–516 testing routing with making snapshot with, disabling/restoring traceroute utility, 401–402 preferences, 539 635–636 migrating from, 53 examining diagnostic Terminal interface options, 389–390 reports, 541–542 accessing hidden overview of, 96, 381 forcing application to resources, 319–320 preferences, 387 quit, 512–513 accessing Reset Password restoring contacts, 403–404 generally, 511–512 application, 189, restoring entire system, 393 managing corrupted 299, 314–315 restoring files, 404–405 preferences, 540–541 creating hard links, 326 restoring from in general, 89 overview of, 511 creating symbolic links, 325 restoring user accounts, 158 preferences and, 516–519 login shell and, 132–133 restoring via Finder, 393–395 resources and, 519–520 OS X Recovery utilities, 91 restoring via Migration Troubleshooting file systems Terms and Conditions page, Assistant, 392 examining files in target disk Setup Assistant, 50, 63 restoring via Time Machine, mode, 309–310 TextEdit application, 474–475, 390–392, 405–406 examining storage with Disk 488–490 scheduling backups, 383 Utility, 292–293 Threads, 509 selecting backup examining storage Thumb drives, USB, 217 volumes, 398–399 with System Thunderbolt Time usage limits, parental Information, 293 keyboard shortcut for, 827 controls and, 134 recovering data from migrating user accounts Time zone settings, 51, 64 nonstarting via, 158 TLDs (top-level domains), DNS system, 296–297 peripheral connections (Domain Name System), 558 repairing home folder via, 746–747 To-do lists, Reminders application permissions, 314–315 starting computer in target and, 658–659 repairing partition tables disk mode and, 306 Top-level domains (TLDs), DNS and volumes in OS X target disk mode and, (Domain Name System), 558 Recovery Mode, 295–296 TOSLINK digital audio, 751–752 312–313 Time Capsule Traceroute utility repairing partition tables accessing backups, 405 accessing in Network and volumes in target selecting backup Utility, 631 disk mode, 307–309 volumes, 398–399 testing network connections repairing permissions, wireless base station, 382 with, 635–636 298–299 Time Machine Trackballs. see Mouse/trackball repairing system file architecture of, 381–382 Transfer Statistics, accessing in permissions in backing up data prior to Network Utility, 645–646 OS X Recovery upgrade, 34 Transmission Control Protocol. Mode, 314 backing up to disks or see TCP (Transmission repairing system file volumes, 382–383 Control Protocol) permissions in target backup formats, 384–385 Transmission Control Protocol/ disk mode, 310–311 configuring, 385–386 Internet Protocol. see resetting home folder configuring backup TCP/IP (Transmission permissions, 299–300 disks, 387–389 Control Protocol/Internet selecting computer as configuring backup Protocol) target in target disk exclusions, 396–398 Transmit Rate, checking Wi-Fi mode, 306–307 deleting contacts, 402–403 connectivity issues, 628 sharing internal disks with erasing existing system and Troubleshooting applications target disk mode, installing OS X, 12–13 creating custom search 295–296 importing vCards into query, 543–545 verifying and repairing disks Contacts, 399–400 creating/locating preview or volumes, 293–295 preferences, 536–539 866 Index

viewing disk information Troubleshooting peripherals UDP ports with Disk Utility, examining external USB in network communication, 303–305 devices, 764–765 650–651 viewing disk information examining internal scanning, 677 with System devices, 762–764 UFS (UNIX File System), 221 Information, 300–303 techniques for, 761–762 Uniform Resource Locators Troubleshooting network services Troubleshooting printing (URLs) applications, 677–678 examining CUPS logs, manually connecting to file file sharing, 679–680 800–801 sharing services, 669 with Mail Connection overview of, 786–788 web browsers and, 655 Doctor, 693–695 resetting printing Uninstaller with Network Utility, system, 801–802 removing installed apps, 456 695–697 Troubleshooting shared services removing installed overview of, 675 network service access software, 438 with port scan utility, issues, 725 Universal Access, accessibility 675–677 network service features, 521–522 Troubleshooting networks communication Universal Disk Format categorizing network issues, 724–725 (UDF), 221 issues, 626 overview of, 723–724 Universal Type Server, third-party DHCP service issues, 629 Troubleshooting system issues font management tool, 340 DNS service issues, 629 booter issues, 829 Universally Unique ID Ethernet connectivity creating new Administrator (UUID), 132 issues, 627–628 account, 835–836 UNIX modifying network firmware issues, 828–829 applications, 423 settings, 636–637 kernel issues, 829–830 CUPS (Common UNIX monitoring network logout and shutdown Printing System), 767 traffic, 645–646 issues, 832 as foundation of OS X, 127 Network Diagnostics, modifying OS X startup, 826 hidden items in OS X 630, 640–643 overview of, 825 and, 319–320 network status indicators, Safe Mode login and, 832 Standard UNIX 627, 638 single user mode and, permissions, 271–273 Network Utility, 630–631 833–835 TCP/IP (Transmission observing network problem startup shortcuts, 825–826 Control Protocol/ in Safari, 637–638 system initialization Internet Protocol) first overview of, 625 and, 827–828 used by, 549 testing connectivity, 633–634, system launchd issues, X Window System as 638–640 830–831 extension of, 425–426 testing network routes, user sessions and, 831–832 UNIX File System (UFS), 221 635–636 Troubleshooting system Updates testing Web access in resources, 338–339 advanced Installer Safari, 645 Troubleshooting widgets, 529–530 features, 115–116 verifying DNS lookup, TrueType fonts, 340 App Store and, 111–112 634, 644 Tunneling protocols, 588. see of applications purchased verifying network also VPNs (virtual private from App Store, interface, 631–632 networks) 418–420 Wi-Fi connectivity automatic, 109–111 issues, 628 U checking installed, 119–120 Troubleshooting OS X UDF (Universal Disk configuring server for, installation, 26–28 Format), 221 117–118 UDP (User Datagram downloading, 121–122 Protocol), 554 history view, 116–117 of installed software, 437 Index 867

installer application creating account with user environment and, and, 113–114 parental controls, 815–816 installing, 120–123 148–149 user sessions and, 812, manual, 113 creating standard user, 814–815 migrating user accounts 140–142 User sessions and, 159 deleting, 156–157 login window, 813–814 overview of, 109 enabling FileVault 2, 253–254 logout, 819, 832 performing, 118–119 fast user switching, 136–139 overview of, 805, 812–813 preferences, 112–113, 117 home folders and. see Home Power Nap mode, 817–819 prior to upgrade folders Safe Mode login, 832 installation, 16–18 keychains and, 202 safe sleep mode, 817 software compatibility local group, 130 shutdown issues, 832 and, 32 logging in to new shutdown/restart, 819–820 Software Update option in account, 142 single user mode, 833–835 Apple menu, 17–18 login window options, sleep modes, 816–817 Upgrade installation 134–135 troubleshooting, 831–832 backing up prior to, 34 network service access user environment and, checking issues, 725 815–816 compatibility, 29–33 overview of, 127 user launchd process choosing installation parental controls, 133–134 and, 812 options, 12–13 passwords, 171–172 Users & Groups preferences documenting network preferences, 145–147 account attributes, 131–133 settings, 33–34 resetting passwords, changing passwords, 173 performing, 36–38 188–190, 191–192 creating account with preparing for, 16–19, 28 restoring deleted parental controls, requirements for, 15 accounts, 160–161 148–149 URLs (Uniform Resource security, 169–171 creating administrator Locators) synchronizing keychain accounts, 836 manually connecting to file password with account creating standard sharing services, 669 password, 213–214 users, 140–142 web browsers and, 655 testing account with parental deleting user accounts, USB (Universal Serial Bus) controls, 150–151 156–157, 163–164 built-in support for, 580 types of, 128–129 examining preferences, cellular network Users & Groups 146–147 adapters, 581 preferences, 130–131 fast user switching, 136 configuring directly attached using/creating iCloud login window options, printer, 770 accounts, 143–144 134–135 examining external USB User Datagram Protocol. see UDP methods for resetting devices, 764–765 (User Datagram Protocol) passwords, 175 peripheral connections, User Diagnostic Reports, 542 overview of, 130–131 743–745 User documents, Spotlight search resetting master recovery disk, 39 for, 362 passwords, 178 standards supported by OS User domain, segregating Users folder. see also Home X, 11 resources by domains, folders thumb drives, 217 336–338 default folders viewable with versions, 745 User ID, 132 Finder, 333 USB 1.1, 745 User launchd process overview of, 334 USB 2.0, 745 login window and, 813 Utilities, OS X Recovery USB 3.0, 745 logout and, 819 examining Disk User accounts troubleshooting user Utility, 95–96 attributes, 131–133 sessions, 832 overview of, 88–91 changing passwords, 197 868 Index

starting up, 92–93 Volumes. see also Disks Watermark, adding to PDF, 799 viewing online help backing up to, 382–383 Web. see Internet related to OS X converting extended Web access, testing, 611–612, 645 Recovery, 94–95 volume to encrypted Web browsers. see also Safari web UUID (Universally Unique ID), 132 volume, 228–229 browser disabling encryption third-party, 678 V on, 267–268 URLs (Uniform Resource vCards ejecting, 232–233, 241–244 Locators) and, 655 deleting contacts, 402–403 ejecting with Finder, 230–231 Web Proxy Autodiscovery importing into encrypting, 247–250 Protocol (WPAD), 601–602 contacts, 399–400 encrypting system Web publishing, 659 Verbose mode, starting OS X in, volumes, 255–256 Web Sharing, 155 827, 830–831 erasing, 225–226 WebDAV (Web-based Distributed Verify Disk button, Disk formats, 218–221 Authoring and Versioning) Utility, 294 improper unmounting or built-in support for, 664 Verify Disk Permissions button, ejecting, 233–234 CalDAV, 659 Disk Utility, 310 managing with Disk CardDAV, 661 Versions, document Utility, 224 manually connecting to, 671 Auto Save and, 465–466 mounting, 229–230 Well Known Ports, in network exercise working with permissions for nonsystem communication, 651 multiple versions, volumes, 284 WEP (Wired Equivalent 488–490 repairing in OS X Recovery Privacy), 564 managing documents in Mode, 312–313 Whois utility, 631 iCloud, 476–477 repairing in target disk Wide area network (WAN) overview of, 469–470 mode, 307–309 created for government and VGA (Video Graphics Array), 752 restoring system volume military use, 549 Video from backup, 393 traffic, 556–557 device classes, 759 securely erasing, 244–247 Widgets peripheral connectivity and, selecting backup adding to dashboard, 742, 751–753 volume, 398–399 527–528 previewing video files, 464 troubleshooting system managing, 528 Video Graphics Array (VGA), 752 volumes, 828–829 troubleshooting, 529–530 Virtual display, connecting verifying and repairing, Wi-Fi to, 729–731 293–295 built-in support for, 580 Virtual network services, 581–582 viewing information connectivity issues, 628 Virtual private networks. see regarding, 304–305 diagnostics, 628 VPNs (virtual private virtual. see Disk images Find My Mac feature, 186 networks) VPNs (virtual private networks) geolocation services, 49, 184 VLANs (virtual LANs), 582 checking connectivity, 619 peer-to-peer sharing service. VNC (Virtual Network configuration profile, 589 see AirDrop Computing) configuring, 616–619 Wi-Fi networks control via screen establishing advanced configuration, sharing, 709–712 connections, 592–593 597–598, 620 enabling system screen manual configuration, authentication, 564 sharing, 709 589–592 configuring, 561–564 screen sharing architecture OS X support for, 582 connecting to invisible and, 707–708 overview of, 588, 616 network, 569–570 VoiceOver connecting to visible accessibility features, W network, 569 522–523 WAN (wide area network) creating Wi-Fi only network login window options, 135 created for government and location, 620–621 setup assistance and, 62 military use, 549 PAN (personal area traffic, 556–557 network), 581 Index 869

settings, 49, 62–63 configuring network X status menu options, identification, 706 X Window System, 425–426 565–566 host network X11, 425 verifying connection, identification, 705 Xcode application, 519 570–571 SMB supporting, 704 Xcode Developer Tools verifying settings, 567–569 Wired Equivalent Privacy package, 510 WPA enterprise (WEP), 564 XML (Extensible Markup configuration, 564–565 Wireless Ethernet. see Wi-Fi Language), 518–519 Wi-Fi Protected Access. see WPA networks XMPP (Extensible Messaging and (Wi-Fi Protected Access) WPA (Wi-Fi Protected Access) Presence Protocol), 663 Wi-Fi Protected Access II. see 802.1X configuration, XQuartz, 425–426 WPA2 (Wi-Fi Protected 598–599 Access II) automatic enterprise Y Wi-Fi protocol, 583 configuration, 564–565 Yahoo Wi-Fi status menu, 628 Wi-Fi authentication calendars, 659 Windows Internet Naming standards, 564 chat, 662 Service. see WINS WPA2 (Wi-Fi Protected Access II) contact service, 660 (Windows Internet Naming 802.1X configuration, Service) 598–599 Windows PCs Wi-Fi authentication Z copying information standards, 564 Zeroconf (Zero Configuration with Migration WPAD (Web Proxy Networking), 703 Assistant, 158 Autodiscovery Zip archives migrating from, 53 Protocol), 601–602 creating, 368–369 WINS (Windows Internet Write Only permissions, file and expanding, 369–370 Naming Service) folders, 272 overview of, 368 built-in support for, 583 configuring, 599–601